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Adobe Photoshop
Adobe Photoshop is an image editing program. it is designed to help you edit images
digital or digitized images, photographs, and otherwise. This is the core purpose of Photoshop.
Over the years, Photoshop has grown and developed, adding features that supplement its
basic operations. But at its heart, Photoshop is an image editor. You take a picture, you edit the
picture, and you print the picture.

To start Photoshop:
1. Click Start Menu.
2. Click All Programs.
3. Click Adobe Photoshop CS3.

Menu Bar Application Bar Tool Option Bar Workspaces Menu

Panels area

Tool Panel

Palette

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Tool Box

Rectangular Marque Tool Move Tool

lasso Tool Magic Wand Tool
Crop Tool Eye Drop Tool
Patch Tool Brush Tool
Clone Stamp Tool History Brush Tool
Eraser Tool Gradient Tool
Smudge Tool Dodge Tool
Pen Tool Horizontal Type Tool
Path Secection Tool Custom Shape Tool
Hand Tool Zoom Tool
Switch Foreground &
Set Foreground Color
Background Color
Default Foreground & Set Background Color
Background Color

The Move Tool moves The Marquee Tools make The Lasso Tools make
selections, layers, and rectangular, elliptical, freehand, polygonal
guides. single row, and single (Straight edged), and
column selections. magnetic (snap-to)
selections.

The Quick Selection The Magic Wand tool The Crop tool trims
tool lets you quickly selects similarly colored images.
“paint” a selection using areas.
an adjustable
round brush tip.

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The Eyedropper tool The Color Sampler tool The Ruler tool
samples colors in an samples up to four areas measures distances,
image. of the image. locations, and angles.

The Note tool makes The Slice tool creates The Slice Select tool
notes that can be slices. selects slices.
attached to an image.

The Spot Healing Brush The Healing Brush tool The Patch tool repairs
tool quickly removes paints with a sample or imperfections in a
blemishes and pattern to repair selected area of an
imperfections from imperfections in an image using a sample or
photographs with a image. pattern.
uniform background.

The Red Eye tool The Brush tool paints The Clone Stamp tool
removes brush strokes. paints with a sample of
red eye in flash photos an image.
with one click.

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The Pattern Stamp tool The History Brush tool The Art History Brush
paints with a part of an paints a copy of the tool paints stylized
strokes that simulate the
image as a pattern. selected state or look of different paint
snapshot into the current styles, using a selected
image window. state or snapshot.

The Eraser tool erases The Background Eraser The Magic Eraser tool
pixels and restores parts tool erases areas to erases solid-colored
of an image to a transparency by areas to transparency
previously saved state. dragging. with a single click.

The Gradient tool The Paint Bucket tool The Blur tool blurs hard
creates straight-line, fills similarly colored edges in an image.
radial, angle, reflected, areas with the
and diamond blends foreground color.
between colors.

The Sharpen tool The Smudge tool The Dodge tool lightens
sharpens soft edges in smudges data in an areas in an image.
an image. image.

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The Burn tool darkens The Sponge tool changes The Pen tools draw
areas in an image. the color saturation of an smooth-edged paths.
area.

The Type tools create The Type Mask tools The path selection tools
type on an image. create a selection in the make shape or segment
shape of type. selections showing anchor
points, direction lines, and
direction points.

The shape tools and The Custom Shape tool The Hand tool moves
Line tool draw shapes makes customized animage within its
and lines in a normal shapesselected from a window.
layer or shape layer. custom shape list.

The Rotate View tool The Zoom tool

nondestructively rotates magnifesand reduces
the canvas. the view of an image.

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Resolution and Image Size

The first step in retouching a photograph in Photoshop is to make sure that the image
has an appropriate resolution. The term resolution refers to the number of small squares,
known as pixels, that describe an image and establish its detail. Resolution is determined by
pixel dimensions, or the number of pixels along the width and height of an image.

Pixels in a photographic
image

In computer graphics, there are different types of resolution. The number of pixels per
unit of length in an image is called the image resolution, usually measured in pixels per inch
(ppi). An image with a high resolution has more pixels (and therefore a larger file size) than an
image of the same dimensions with a low resolution. Images in Photoshop can vary from high
resolution (300 ppi or higher) to low resolution (72 ppi or 96 ppi). The number of pixels per unit
of length on a monitor is the monitor resolution, also usually measured in pixels per inch (ppi).
Image pixels are translated directly into monitor pixels. In Photoshop, if the image resolution
is higher than the monitor resolution, the image appears larger onscreen than its specified
print dimensions. For example, when you display a 1x1-inch, 144-ppi image on a 72-ppi moni-
tors, the image fills a 2x2-inch area of the screen.

4 x 6 inches at 72 ppi; 100% onscreen view 4 x 6 inches at 200 ppi; 100% onscreen view
File size 364.5 KB File size 2.75 MB

Pixels in a photographic image the number of ink dots per inch (dpi) produced by a
color printer or laser printer is the printer, or output, resolution. Higher resolution images
output to higher resolution printers generally produce the best quality. The appropriate
resolution for a printed image is determined both by the printer resolution and by the screen
frequency, or lines per inch (lpi), of the halftone screens used to reproduce images.

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About Bitmap Images and Vector Graphics

Before working with vector shapes and vector paths, it’s important to understand the
basic differences between the two main categories of computer graphics: bitmap images and
vector graphics. You can use Photoshop to work with either type of graphic; in fact, you can
combine both bitmap and vector data in an individual Photoshop image file.
Bitmap images, technically called raster images, are based on a grid of dots known as
pixels. Each pixel is assigned a specific location and color value. In working with bitmap images,
you edit groups of pixels rather than objects or shapes. Because bitmap graphics can
represent subtle gradations of shade and color, they are appropriate for continuous-tone
images such as photographs or artwork created in painting programs. A disadvantage of bitmap
graphics is that they contain a fixed number of pixels. As a result, they can lose detail and
appear jagged when scaled up onscreen or printed at a lower resolution than they were created
for.
Vector graphics are made up of lines and curves defined by mathematical objects called
vectors. These graphics retain their crispness whether they are moved, resized, or have their
color changed. Vector graphics are appropriate for illustrations, type, and graphics such as
logos that may be scaled to different sizes.

Logo drawn as vector art

Logo rasterized as bitmap art

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About Color Management
Colors on a monitor are displayed using combinations of red, green, and blue light
(called RGB), while printed colors are typically created using a combination of four ink colors
cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (called CMYK). hese four inks are called process colors
because they are the standard inks used in the four-color printing process.

RGB image with red, green, and blue channels

CMYK image with cyan, magenta, yellow, and black channels

Because the RGB and CMYK color models use different methods to display colors, each
reproduces a different gamut, or range, of colors. For example, RGB uses light to produce
color, so its gamut includes neon colors, such as those you’d see in a neon sign. In contrast,
printing inks excel at reproducing certain colors that can lie outside the RGB gamut, such as
some pastels and pure black.

A. Natural color gamut RGB color model CMYK color model

B. RGB color gamut
C. CMYK color gamut

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But not all RGB and CMYK gamuts are alike. Each monitor and printer model differs,
and so each displays a slightly different gamut. For example, one brand of monitor may
produce slightly brighter blues than another. he color space for a device is defined by the
gamut it can reproduce.

RGB Model
A large percentage of the visible spectrum can be represented by mixing red, green,
and blue (RGB) colored light in various proportions and intensities. Where the colors overlap,
they create cyan, magenta, yellow, and white.
Because the RGB colors combine to create white, they are also called additive colors.
Adding all colors together creates white—that is, all light is transmitted back to the eye.
Additive colors are used for lighting, video, and monitors. Your monitor, for example, creates
color by emitting light through red, green, and blue phosphors.

CMYK Model
The CMYK model is based on the light-absorbing quality of ink printed on paper. As
white light strikes translucent inks, part of the spectrum is absorbed, while other parts are
re?ected back to your eyes.
In theory, pure cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) pigments should combine to
absorb all color and produce black. For this reason, these colors are called subtractive colors.
But because all printing inks contain some impurities, these three inks actually produce a
muddy brown, and must be combined with black (K) ink to produce a true black. (K is used
instead of B to avoid confusion with blue.) Combining these inks to reproduce color is called
four-color process printing.

The color management system in Photoshop uses International Color Consortium (ICC)-
compliant color profiles to convert colors from one color space into another. A color profile is a
description of a device’s color space, such as the CMYK color space of a particular printer. You
specify which profiles to use to accurately proof and print your images. Once you’ve selected
the profiles, Photoshop can embed them into your image files, so that Photoshop and other
applications can accurately manage color for the image.
For information on embedding color profiles, see Photoshop Help. Before you begin
working with color management, you should calibrate your monitor. If your monitor doesn’t
display colors accurately, color adjustments you make based on the image you see on your
monitor may not be accurate. For information about calibrating your monitor, see Photoshop
Help.

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Exercises

1. Extracting Background from the image

- Open the image from the D:\Photoshop\Sample\Ducky.tif.
- To Extract the background you can select do many way. Using Polygonal lasso Tool,
Magnetic Lasso Tool, Magic Wand Tool, Magic Eraser Tool, Background Eraser Tool.
Extracting background using lasso tools
- Click boundary of around the image and Press Delete.

Extracting background using Eraser tools

- Click background area of image with Magic Eraser Tool.
- Point the color of image you want to delete with the + sign of Background Eraser Tool
and Click.

Extracting background using Pen tools

- Click to the edge of the image with pen tool.
- Right Click to the center of the image Choose Make Selection.
- Set the Feather value to 1.
- Click OK.
- Press Delete.

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Extracting background using Extract
- Choose Filter > Extract.
- Draw the edge of the image with HighLighter tool.
- Choose the Fill Tool and Click the center of the image.
- Click OK.

2. Changing Eye Color

- Open the image from D:\photoshop\exercises\Changing Eye Color\eyecolor.psd.
- Choose Brush Tool.
- Click Quick Mask Tool.
- Fill the Eye with Brush Tool.
- Click Quick Mask Tool.
- Choose Select > Invert (or) Press Ctrl+Shift+I.
- Choose Image > Adjustments > Hue/Saturation.
- Change Hue value you want.
- Click OK.

3. Removing Red Eye

- Open the image from D:\photoshop\exercises\Removing Red Eyes\dinner.psd.
- Choose Brush Tool.
- Click Quick Mask Tool.
- Fill the Eye with Brush Tool.
- Click Quick Mask Tool.
- Choose Select > Invert (or) Press Ctrl+Shift+I.
- Choose Image > Adjustments > Hue/Saturation.
- Reduce Saturation to change eye color to Gray Scale.
- Click OK.
- Choose Image . Adjustments > Levels.
- Change the level.
(or)
- Choose Red Eye Tool From Tools Box.
- Click on eyes.

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4. Removing Blemishes
- Open the image from D:\photoshop\exercises\remoning Blemishes\blemishes.psd.
- Choose Healing Brush Tool.
- Alt+Click to good area you want to replace.
- Drag the damage area.
- Choose Patch Tool.
- Select the damage area.
- Move the selection to good area.

5. Straighting an Image
- Open the image from D:\photoshop\exercises\Straighting an Image\surf.psd.
- Choose Ruler Tool.
- Click one edge of the line and Drag the mouse to another edge of the line.
- Choose Image > Image Rotation > Arbitrary.
- Click OK.
- Choose Crop Tool.
- Drag the whole image.
- Resize the selection as you want to crop, Press Enter.

6. Removing Depth
- Open the image from D:\photoshop\exercises\Removing Depth\monument.psd.
- Choose Crop Tool.
- Select the whole Image.
- Click on Perspective Check box from the control bar.
- Drag the selection boundaries to the edge of the Horizontal lines.
- Drag the edge of the selection to parallel with the Horizontal lines.
- Drag the selection boundaries to the edges of the image.
- Press Enter.

7. Satruating a Bad JPG Photo

- Open the image from D:\photoshop\exercises\Saturating a Bad JPG Photo\ sheila.jpg.
- Make a copy of image (Ctrl+J).
- Choose Filter > Noise > Medium.
- Set the Radius to 7, Click OK.
- Choose Image > Adjustments > Hue/Saturation.
- Increase the Saturation until the color is good.
- Click OK.
- Change the layer Blend Mode to Color.

8. Removing Objects
- Open the image from D:\photoshop\exercises\Removing Objects\ removeobject_before.psd.
- To remove the object.
- Choose Rectangular Marquee, set the Feather to 3 pixels.
- Select the good portion of the image.
- Press Ctrl+Alt and drag the selection to the object you want to remove and overlap it.

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- Choose Select > Deselect (Ctrl+D) to Deselect.
(or)
- Select the object you want to remove.
- Choose the Clone Stamp Tool.
- Alt+Click on good portion of the image.
- Click on the object you want to remove.
- Choose Patch Tool.
- Select the unsmooth area and drag to good portion of the image.
- Choose Select > Deselect (Ctrl+D) to deselect.

9. Remove People out of Photos

- Open the image from D:\photoshop\exercises\Remove People out of Photos\ theboys.psd.
- Select the people you want to remove.
- Choose Brush Tool and Change the Foreground Color to Black.
- Fill black color in the selection area.
- Choose Select > Deselect (Ctrl+D) to Deselect.
- Choose Lasso Tool, set the Feather to 3 pixels.
- Select the good portion of the image.
- Press Ctrl+Alt and drag of the black area.
- Choose Select > Deselect (Ctrl+D) to deselect.
- Choose Patch Tool.
- Select the unsmooth area and drag to good portion of the image.
- Choose Select > Deselect (Ctrl+D) to deselect.

10. Super Impose People

- Open the image from D:\photoshop\exercises\Super Impose People\"grandparents.psd"
"girl.psd".
- Select the Left Side of the girl from girl.psd.
- Copy girl's image.
- go to grandparents.psd file and
- Select the background are and
- Choose Edit > Paste Into.
- Choose Edit >Free Transform.
- Resize the girl image.
- Press Enter.
- go to girls.psd file and
- Choose Select > Deselect (Ctrl+D).
- Select the Right Side of the girl.
- Make same as previous steps.

11. Smoothing Skin

- Open the image from D:\photoshop\exercises\Smoothing Skin\smoothskin.psd.
- Create copy of layer.
- Select the skin area you want to smooth, using Quick Mask selection.
- Set the feather value to as you like according to image resolution.

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- Choose Filter > Blur > Gaussian Blur.
- Change the Radius Value to smooth skin.
- Choose Noise > Add Noise.
- Click Uniform, Uncheck Monochromatic, Change the amount to get natural.
- Change layer Opacity to about 50.

12. Line Drawing from Photo

- Open the image from D:\photoshop\exercises\Line Drawing from Photo\linedraw.psd.
- Choose Filter > Other >High Pass.
- Click OK.
- Choose Image > Adjustments > Threshold.
- Change the Threshold level as you want.
- Click OK.

13. Sharpening Photos

- Open the image from D:\photoshop\exercises\Sharpening Photos\sharpening.psd.
- Choose Filter > Sharpen > Unsharp Mask.
- Change Amount , Radius and Threshold as you desire according to image resolution.
- Click OK.

14. Photomerge
- Choose File > Automate > Photomerge.
- Click Browse.
- Choose Flies from D:\photoshop\exercises\Photomerge\"photo1.jpg" "photo2.jpg"
"photo3.jpg".
- Click Vignette and Geometric Distortion Correction.
- Click OK.

15. Create New Work Window

- Choose File > New.
- In preset drop down list you can choose preset image size.
(or)
- Change the unit and change Width and Height of image as you want.
- Change Resolution of the image.
- Choose Color Mode (RGB, CMYK and Gray Scale).
- Click OK.

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