ISSN: 2574-1241 Volume 5- Issue 4: 2018

DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.10.001987
Vipul Vaibhav Pandey. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res

Review Article Open Access

Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Program

to Save the Girl Child-Educated the Girl Child: Impact
Analysis of Government of India Flagship
Program in Uttar Pradesh, India
Vipul Vaibhav Pandey*1, Ajay Kumar Singh2 and Upadhaya SK3
1
International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
2
Joint Director, State Council of Education Research and Training (SCERT), India
3
Consultant SCERT, India

Received: : October 05, 2018; Published: : October 31, 2018

*Corresponding author: Vipul Vaibhav Pandey, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India

Research Document
of Uttar Pradesh is making every effort to improve the child sex
Complete enumeration of Population in terms of gender
ratio by giving various incentives to parents with female child.
composition is a key indicator to scrutinize the tempo of
Various women welfare schemes are being implemented and many
development of a country. Examining the overall sex ratio, the
others are in the pipeline. Sex ratio imbalance and sex selective
number of females per 1,000 males, is falling across the world.
abortion brought spotlight among researchers, academicians and
While the global sex ratio was 986 females per 1,000 males in 2010,
programmers in last two decades, but the situation by and large
it reduced to 984 in 2011. As per nature’s own balance, 940-950
is still in favour male child. To explicate the issue incessant and
girls are born per 1000 boys. By finding out the number of girls
ceaseless efforts is necessary to study the divergence and varying
actually born per 1000 boys, we can calculate the Sex Ratio at Birth
pattern of child sex ratio and to inform policy makers and planners
(SRB). Similarly, by finding out the number of girls per 1000 boys in
to achieve desired balance in sex ratio. Using Census 2011 and
the 0-6 years age group, we get to know the Child Sex Ratio (CSR).
across all 10 districts in Uttar Pradesh and through latest round
India’s child sex ratio dipped tremendously i.e. 62 points (976 to
of UDISE data; this advocacy document paper examines the
914) from 1961-2011, worst since the country’s independence. The
determinants of declining child sex ratio and the situation and
2001 census provides CSR data at the national, state and district
pattern of District profiles in Uttar Pradesh. Analysing the Census
levels. The Sample Registration System (SRS) also provides data on
data, the results clearly brings out one pin-point fact that Sex Ratio
SRB at the national and state levels. Demographically the ratio has
at Birth (SRB) remains favorable to male child in recent census for
increased from 927 females per 1000 males to 940 from census of
all the selected BBBP districts establishing son preference and sex
1991 to 2011; however, this ratio is alarmingly decreasing among
selective abortion (Table 1).
children in the age group of 0-6 and the as per the 2011 census
there are 914 females for 1000 males. If it continues, it’s going to The socio-cultural practices in Uttar Pradesh are pre-dominantly
further deepen the gender imbalance in the society. The largest favouring the males mostly due to the patriarchal structure of the
populated sate in India Uttar Pradesh, child sex ratio has also dip society. Indian culture, tradition and family beliefs are mostly
from 850 in Census 2001 to 841 in census 2011. SRB provides a advantageous to male and male child are treated as asset leading
more accurate indication of the extent to which sex selection occurs to discrimination against girl child and in worst case scenario,
in a community. female feticides (aborting female babies) resulting in skewed sex
ratio. The foremost cause for abortions are structural imbalance
The prevailing patriarchal society creates a gender imbalance
in the society, Financial (Property, Dowry, Marriage, culture) and
by viewing the male as an asset and female as a liability. Government

Biomedical Journal of
Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR)
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Biomedical Journal of Scienti ic & Technical Research Volume 10- Issue 4: 2018

various religious and spiritual myths. Girls are viewed as a burden, in child-sex ratio in the state of late, particularly so in some districts,
various beliefs and social factors have resulted in widespread and this is where the roots of Female Feticides in Uttar Pradesh lies.
discrimination against the girl child resulting in alarming decrease
Table 1: List of 100 low CSR (child Sex ratio) districts covering all states & UTs.

S.No Districts CSR Census 2001 CSR Census 2011

1 Baghpat 850 841
2 Gautam Buddha Nagar 854 843
3 Ghaziabad 854 850
4 Meerut 857 852
5 Bulandshahr 867 854
6 Agra 866 861
7 Muzaffarnagar 859 863
8 Mahamaya Nagar 886 865
9 Jhansi 886 866
10 Mathura 872 870

Sex selection has occurred, since it takes place behind closed districts for BBBP program on the basis of Child Sex Ratio. The Idea
doors, with connivance between the medical service provider and was on giving stress on the need of educating and protecting the
parents. The Pre-conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques girl child. BBBP is solely focused on the empowering of girl child.
Act (PCPNDT Act) prohibits sex selection, before or after conception, This has been creating waves throughout the state. This major
for the prevention of their misuse for sex determination leading inter-ministerial initiative taken up by the government of Uttar
to female foeticide; and, for matters connected therewith or Pradesh, brings together ministries, institutions and also the civil
incidental. The law suffers from the bottlenecks of implementation, societies, the program shall have a focused intervention and multi
and there have been few convictions so far. The major difficulty section action within 10 districts having low Child Sex ratio than
relates to proving that an offence it was assumed it might improve average. BBBP addresses the declining Child Sex Ratio (CSR) and
the situation however this did not happen. Although there has related issues of women empowerment over a life-cycle continuum.
been ample time for implementing the Act, there is no sign that the In Uttar Pradesh, state government has selected altogether 10
decline in child sex ratio has been improved intervention districts (Baghpat, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Ghaziabad,
Meerut, Bulandshahr, Agra, Muzaffarnagar, Mahamaya Nagar, Jhansi
Beti Bachao Initiative in Uttar Pradesh
and Mathura) for BBBP program having low CSR than state average
After the successful implementation of government schemes like
Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA), Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, government The objectives of this Program are:
launched another flagship program ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’ (save a. Prevention of gender biased sex selective elimination
the girl child, educate the girl child), on January 22, 2015 in Panipat,
b. Ensuring survival & protection of the girl child
Haryana. Later on, it was expanded to other corridors of country.
In UP, state government has selected altogether 10 intervention c. Ensuring education and participation of the girl child

Table 2: Districts Schools Indicators, U-DISE, 2017-18.

Number of Enrolment Schools without Schools not % of schools Pupil Teacher

District
schools (Classes 1 to 8) Female Teacher having Girls Toilet having girls’ toilet Ratio (PTR)

Baghpat 1166 225810 709 0 99.66 37.34

Gautam Buddha
1518 354983 177 5 99.47 38.8
Nagar

Ghaziabad 1720 484435 131 1 99.13 40.01

Meerut 2880 516812 498 7 98.96 31.11

Bulandshahr 4051 566047 1134 16 99.28 33.26

Agra 4896 697852 1071 1 99.63 35.74

Muzaffarnagar 2831 405045 678 6 99.47 26.97

Mahamaya Nagar 2352 293452 633 0 99.83 27.14

Cite this article: Vipul Vaibhav Pandey, Ajay Kumar Singh, Upadhaya SK. Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Program to Save the Girl Child-Educated
the Girl Child: Impact Analysis of Government of India Flagship Program in Uttar Pradesh, India. Biomed J Sci&Tech Res 10(4)-2018. BJSTR.
2/5
MS.ID.001987. DOI: 10.26717/ BJSTR.2018.10.001987.
Biomedical Journal of Scienti ic & Technical Research Volume 10- Issue 4: 2018

Jhansi 2577 326477 541 7 97.48 23.86

Mathura 3255 523477 1032 8 35.41 35.41

Enrollment class Enrollment class

District Enrollment class 6-8, BOYS Enrollment class 6-8, Girls
1-5, BOYS 1-5, Girls

Baghpat 80493 68459 41579 35412

Gautam Buddha
138614 120690 52223 52223
Nagar

Ghaziabad 177458 167062 70193 70001

Meerut 189565 171707 80904 74636

Bulandshahr 196768 193162 87947 88170

Agra 257289 248894 96834 102249

Muzaffarnagar 155244 136235 59306 54260

Mahamaya Nagar 102284 99751 45955 45469

Jhansi 114245 99762 59208 53262

Mathura 200275 199402 63098 63857

Girls repetition Girls repetition Girls Promotion Girls promotion Girls Dropout Girls Dropout rate
District
rate 1-5 rate 6-8 rate 1-5 rate 6-8 Rate 1-5 6-8

Baghpat 0.03 0.06 95.07 100 4.9 0

Gautam Buddha
0.61 2.31 88.26 98.79 11.12 0
Nagar

Ghaziabad 0.02 0.02 98.65 98.57 1.33 1.41

Meerut 0 0 90.58 100 9.42 0

Bulandshahr 0.21 0.19 90.35 95.62 9.44 4.19

Agra 0.07 0.03 88.07 100 11.87 0

Muzaffarnagar 0 0.16 90.57 91.76 9.43 8.08

Mahamaya Nagar 0.28 0.09 98.85 100 0.88 0

Jhansi 0.05 0.32 90.79 87.63 9.16 12.05

Mathura 0.61 0.9 89.58 100 9.82 0

For the purpose of BBBP assessment UDISE data has been and mock drills conducted at school level where girls were trained
analyzed and outcomes of, FGDs, workshop’s and activities to use help line number, women power line numbers (Table 2).
encouraging the scheme were examine [1]. The program has
On the basis of above indicators, blocks were selected for
a focused intervention and multi section action within these
community and school interventions. The focus group elucidate the
districts. The idea was on giving stress on the need of educating
issues of - what is the need to take this initiative by launching the
and protecting the girl child. In order to accomplish the objectives
drive Beti Bachao Beti Padhao? [3] It was emerges from the group
activities like, 10 district resource group has been formed, 102
discussion that, it is the responsibility of every human to save girl
Block level resource has been created [2]. Formation of Meena
children. It must be ensured that they don’t get killed in the womb
Munch, child cabinet. 21 convergence meetings has been done
of their mothers. After they are born, their quality education must
with ICDS department at block and school level. Along with it 608
be ensured. Participants from community responded that, if they
Gender sensitization training and 3 Gender workshops has been
can stand on their feet, the country will automatically stand. Few
conducted in partnership with SSA to sensitize teachers and stake
also mention about demand for severe punishment “Those who
holders. Around 20 Gender and health awareness program has been
become the part of this great movement must be encouraged
conducted at Gram Panchay at level. Also 2390 Girl child friendly
with rewards and those who don’t mend their ways must be given
school has been developed and 4650 disaster management training
exemplary punishment” (Table 3).

Cite this article: Vipul Vaibhav Pandey, Ajay Kumar Singh, Upadhaya SK. Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Program to Save the Girl Child-Educated
the Girl Child: Impact Analysis of Government of India Flagship Program in Uttar Pradesh, India. Biomed J Sci&Tech Res 10(4)-2018. BJSTR. 3/5
MS.ID.001987. DOI: 10.26717/ BJSTR.2018.10.001987.
Biomedical Journal of Scienti ic & Technical Research Volume 10- Issue 4: 2018

Table 3: Program assessment shows that Following activities have been conducted in 10 selected districts under BBBP since its
inception.
S.N. Activities Physical progress
District resource group has been formed at district level. Orientation of DRG done by DC
1 girls. DRC is responsible for the effective implementation of BBBP in the district. They 10 groups
conduct regular meeting to review the progress.
Block level resource has been formed at block level. Orientation of BRG done by DC
girls. BRG is headed by 1 nodal gender coordinator who is nominated by BEO. BRG is
2 102
responsible for the effective implementation of BBBP in the block. They conduct regular
meetings, organized motivational programmes etc and review the progress.
Meena manch has been formed at upper primary level in all schools to aware and
4650 Manches has been formed and 93160
3 strengthen girls. Meena manch conducts regular meetings on the issues of equity. This
girls are leading as founder member.
manch is a very effective platform for the discussion on gender related issues.
Child cabinet has been formed at primary level. Child cabinet supports children to develop
4 10581 primary schools
leader ship, participation, democratic process, decision making skills etc.
Meeting with community- To aware community and Village level stake holder meeting 321 Village level meeting and 23 parents
5
and parents conventions have been conducted regarding girls education. conventions
5787-Signature campaign
Signature campaign and candle marches conducted at block and districts level.
9 7- candle marches
Community pledged in favor of girl child.
42229-person pledged
10 Gender sensitization training has been conducted to sensitize teachers and stake holders. 608
To aware community on the theme of girl’s education, rights, role of parents and stake
14 6702
holders Nukkad Natak and theatre show organized at different level.
15 Nari Pakhwara celebrated on the vacation of girl’s day for the mobilization of community. 900
Drop boxes had been set up in schools and girls are being promoted to drop their issues
16 2150
and problems in the box.
Good Touch Bad touch training given to girls at school level using video and other IEC
17 99400
materials.
Developed Girl child friendly school providing Safe environment, toilets, drinking water
18 2390
and other required facilities.
Disaster management training and mock drills conducted at school level with the
19 convergence of local NGOs, fire station, scout guide, police. Girls were trained to use help 4650 UPS covered
line number, women power line numbers.

What else needs to be done? be encouraged and practiced. Periodic surveys both at school and
community are required for the impact evaluation of Beti Bacha
The facts that need to noted is, only the allotment of funds shall
Beti Padhao Program [5,6].
not work, the laws need to be amended and made strict, vigorous
punishment should be given to the culprits responsible for sex References
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Cite this article: Vipul Vaibhav Pandey, Ajay Kumar Singh, Upadhaya SK. Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Program to Save the Girl Child-Educated
the Girl Child: Impact Analysis of Government of India Flagship Program in Uttar Pradesh, India. Biomed J Sci&Tech Res 10(4)-2018. BJSTR.
4/5
MS.ID.001987. DOI: 10.26717/ BJSTR.2018.10.001987.
Biomedical Journal of Scienti ic & Technical Research Volume 10- Issue 4: 2018

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Cite this article: Vipul Vaibhav Pandey, Ajay Kumar Singh, Upadhaya SK. Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Program to Save the Girl Child-Educated
the Girl Child: Impact Analysis of Government of India Flagship Program in Uttar Pradesh, India. Biomed J Sci&Tech Res 10(4)-2018. BJSTR. 5/5
MS.ID.001987. DOI: 10.26717/ BJSTR.2018.10.001987.