Table of Contents

Cricket ................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Tennis ................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Hockey ................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Football .............................................................................................................................................................. 6
Chess................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Table Tennis ....................................................................................................................................................... 8
Badminton ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Basketball ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
Kabaddi ............................................................................................................................................................ 11
Wrestling .......................................................................................................................................................... 12
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Cricket
• Originated in south-east England
• The first written reference to cricket as a game – 1611
• Two teams of 11 players each.
• The game is divided into segments called overs.
• An over consists of six balls
• An innings ends when the batting team loses 10 wickets (all out), or when
the allotted overs are completed, or when the batting team declares their innings closed.

Pitch Dimensions :
• Length pitch - 22 yards (20.12 meters or 66
feet).
• Width - 10 feet (3.05 meters).

Stumps
• Three wooden sticks that are driven into the ground to form the wicket
• 71.1 cm (28 inches) high
• Held together by two bails, which are small wooden sticks that sit on top
of the stumps
• The distance between the starting point of the off stump to the ending
point of the leg stump should be 9 inches or 22.8 cms.
Bat
• Maximum 96.5 cm (38 inches) long
• 10.8 cm (4.25 inches) wide
• Has a flat face and a curved back
• Made of willow wood

The cricket Ball

• The ball is made of leather covering a cork core wrapped with strings
• It is a hard leather-seamed spheroid.
• Its circumference is between 22.4 and 22.9 cm (8.81 to 9.00 inches).
• Its weight is between 156 and 163 grams (5.5 to 5.75 ounces).
• The ball is red in color for Test matches and white in other forms of
cricket.
• Kookaburra ball: Made in a factory in Melbourne, Australia

There are many types of cricket balls, including:

§ Red Ball: Test match
§ Pink ball: day-night test matches
§ White cricket ball: ODI, T20
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Four types of spinners in cricket:

• Right-arm leg spinner: Leg spin is with a wrist spin action. The leg spinner causes the
ball to spin from right to left (from the bowler's perspective)
• Right-arm off spinner: Off spin is a type of finger spin bowling . The off spinner causes
the ball to spin clockwise direction spin – left to right
• Left-arm orthodox spinner: Left-arm orthodox spin is bowled by a left-arm bowler
using the fingers to spin the ball from right to left of the cricket pitch (from the bowler's
perspective)
• Left-arm Chinaman spinner: Left-arm unorthodox spin bowlers use wrist spin to spin
the ball, and make it deviate, or 'turn' from left to right after pitching

SPIN VARIATIONS
• Leg Spin variations:
Googly: a delivery which looks like a normal leg-
spinner but actually turns towards the batsmen, like
an off-break, rather than away from the bat.
• Off Spin variations:
Doosra: The doosra spins in the opposite direction
to an off break (the off-spinner's default delivery)
• Carrom ball: The ball is released by flicking it between the thumb and a bent
middle finger in order to impart spin.
Carror Ball
• Arm Ball: A ball bowled by a slow bowler which has no spin on it and so does not
turn as expected but which stays on a straight line ("goes on with the arm")

TERMS in CRICKET
• Toss - Toss in cricket is a way of deciding which team will have the right to choose whether to bat or field
first at the start of the match.
• Dead Ball - A situation where the ball is no longer in play and no runs can be scored or wickets can be taken.
• No Ball – A type of extra, being the run awarded to the batting team as a consequence of the illegal delivery.
• Bouncer - A bouncer in cricket is a type of short-pitched delivery, usually bowled by a fast bowler, which
bounces once and then reaches the batter at head-height.
• Stump Out/Stumped - a way of dismissing a batter who leaves their ground to play the ball and is unable to
return before the wicket-keeper puts down the wicket
• Bye: When the batter does not manage to hit the delivery, but still manages to take a run, this counts as a
bye.
• Leg Bye: A leg bye is when the ball is bowled, and then hits any part of the body (that is not the bat or the
glove), and the batter still manages to score a run.
(Byes go onto the team’s total for runs, but they do not count as runs in the batter’s own record).

• Chucker: Another term for a bowler who throws the ball

• Dolly: An easy catch
• Lollipop: - A really easy ball to hit - a 'gift’
• Duck: A score of 0
• Extras Runs: not scored by batsmen. There are four common extras - byes, leg byes, wides and no-balls.
• Twelfth man: A substitute fielder (and drinks waiter) for the chosen eleven. If called upon to play, he is
permitted to field wherever he is needed, but can neither bat nor bowl
• Yorker: A full-pitched delivery that is aimed at the batsman's toes and/or the base of the stumps.
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In cricket, an umpire uses a variety of finger signals to communicate:

• Out: The umpire raises an index finger above their head to signal that the
batsman is out.
This can happen in a number of ways- bowled, caught, stumped, or run
out.
• Dead ball: The umpire crosses and re-crosses their wrists below the waist.
• No ball: The umpire extends one arm horizontally.
• Wide ball: The umpire raises both hands horizontally.

• One bouncer: The umpire taps one hand on their shoulder.

• Short run: The umpire taps their near shoulder with their fingers.

Tennis
• Tennis originated in the 12th century in northern France.
• The game was called jeu de paume, which means "game of the
palm".
• The modern game of tennis was developed in England in the last
part of the 19th century.
• Tennis first became an Olympic sport in 1896 in Athens.

Rules:
• Scoring: A match is made up of sets, a set is made up of games, and a game is made up of points.
• A standard game is scored as follows with the server's score being called first: no points- "love", first point-
"15", second point- "30", third point- "40", and fourth point- "game", provided there is a margin of at least
two points.
• Deuce: If both players reach 40 points, it's called "deuce," and play continues until one player gains a two-
point advantage.
• Match Play: Matches are typically played as best of three or best of five sets.

Court Dimensions and Net:

• Court Dimensions: A tennis court measures 78
feet (23.77 meters) long and 27 feet (8.23
meters) wide for singles matches. For doubles,
the width increases to 36 feet (10.97 meters).
• Service Boxes: The service area is divided into
two service boxes by a center service line. Each
box is 21 feet (6.40 meters), i.e. the service line
is 21 feet from the net.
• Baseline: The back line running parallel to the
net is known as the baseline.
• Net: The net is 3 feet 6 inches (1.07 meters)
high at the posts and 3 feet (0.914 meters) high
in the center.
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Balls Dimensions
• Tennis balls are made of rubber, synthetic felt
(mixture of wool, nylon, and cotton), and glue.
• Size: The diameter of a tennis ball is approximately
6.54–6.86 cm (2.57–2.70 inches).
• Weight: The weight should be in the range of 56.0–
59.4 grams (1.98–2.10 ounces).
• Bounce: When dropped from a height of 100 inches (2.54 meters) onto a
concrete base, the ball should bounce up to between 53–58 inches (135–
147 cm).

Tennis Racquets Dimension

• The standard size for a tennis racquet is 27 inches (68.58 cm).
• However, rackets can be up to 29 inches (73.66 cm) maximum
allowed length

Terminology:
• Ace: A serve that the opponent cannot touch with their racket.
• Advantage: The point after deuce; if the player wins the next point, they win the game.
• Break: Winning a game as the receiving player or team.
• Double Fault: Failing to make a good serve twice in a row, which awards a point to the opponent.
• Let: A serve that touches the net but lands in the service box, which results in a re-serve.
• Volleys: Hitting the ball before it bounces on one's own side of the court.
• Groundstrokes: Forehand or backhand shots hit after the ball has bounced.

Grand Slam: The Grand Slam tournaments are the four most important annual tennis events:
Australian Open:
1. Location: Melbourne, Australia
2. Surface: Hard court
3. Time: January
French Open (Roland Garros):
1. Location: Paris, France
2. Surface: Clay
3. Time: May - June
Wimbledon:
1. Location: London, United Kingdom
2. Surface: Grass
3. Time: June – July
US Open:
1. Location: New York City, United States
2. Surface: Hard court
3. Time: August - September
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Hockey
• The modern form of field hockey emerged in England in the mid-19th
century. The first club was created in 1849 at Blackheath in southeast
London.
• The sport's popularity grew, leading to the formation of the International
Hockey Federation (FIH) in 1924. Field hockey was played at the Olympics for
the first time in 1908.

Important Rules:
• Players: Each team consists of 10 field players and a goalkeeper.
• Number of Substitutes: Teams can have up to 7 substitute players on the bench.
• Total Length: A standard field hockey match is 60 minutes long.
• Quarters: The game is divided into four 15-minute quarters, with a break between each quarter.
• Scoring: To score a goal, the ball must be shot from within the circle and cross the goal line.
• 16-yard Hit (or 15-meter Hit): It is a free hit for the defense and is one of the methods used to restart play.
This hit is awarded when the attacking team unintentionally hits the ball over the backline (end line)

Standard Field Hockey Field Dimensions:

• Length: 91.40 meters (100 yards or 299.87
feet)
• Width: 55.00 meters (60.1 yards or 180.45
feet)
• The total area of a standard field hockey
pitch- 5,027 square meters (1.24 acres)
Specific Areas of the Field Hockey Field:
• Goal: 3.66 meters wide (4 yards or 12 feet)
and 2.14 meters high (7 feet)
• Shooting Circle (D or the Arc): The semi-
circle extends 14.63 meters (16 yards or 48
feet) from each goal post
• Penalty Spot: 6.40 meters (7 yards or 21
feet) from the center of the goal line

Field Markings and Areas:

• Circle (or D): The semi-circular area around each goal from which you must shoot to score a goal.
• 25-yard line (or 23-meter line): A line across the field 25 yards from each end line, which marks the area
within which defenders must be five meters away from the ball during a free hit to the attackers.
• Center Line: Divides the field into two equal halves.

Football
• The origins of football can be traced back to ancient civilizations in
China, Greece, and Rome.
• The modern game of soccer has its origins in 19th century England
• The Football Association, was established - 1863.
• It is the most popular sport in the world, played by over 250 million
players in over 200 countries.
Basic Rules of the Game
1. Players: Each team starts with 11 players, one of whom must be the goalkeeper. Substitutions are allowed.
2. Match Duration: A standard match consists of two 45-minute halves with a 15-minute halftime interval.
3. Starting and Restarting the Game: Games begin with a kickoff at the center spot. After a goal is scored, play
is restarted in the same way.
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4. Fouls and Misconduct: Fouls are awarded for specific breaches of the rules, like kicking or tripping an
opponent. Serious breaches lead to disciplinary action in the form of yellow (caution) or red cards
(dismissal).

Field Dimensions
• A standard soccer field, also known as a pitch, is
rectangular, with the following dimensions:
• Length (Touch Line): Minimum 100 yards (90
meters), maximum 130 yards (120 meters)
• Width (Goal Line): Minimum 50 yards (45 meters),
maximum 100 yards (90 meters)
• The field is marked with a halfway line, a center
circle with a radius of 10 yards (9.15 meters), and
corner arcs with a radius of 1 yard (1 meter).
• Each end of the field has a goal area (6-yard box)
and a penalty area (18-yard box).
• 6 yard box is a rectangle of 6 yards by 20 yards
• 18-yard box - rectangle of 18 yards by 44 yards

Goals
• Size: The goals are 8 feet high and 8 yards (24 feet) wide.
The Ball
• Circumference: Between 27 to 28 inches (68 to 70 centimeters)
• Weight: Between 14 to 16 ounces (410 to 450 grams) at the start of the
match
• Pressure: between 0.6 and 1.1 bars (8.7 and 16.0 psi) at sea level.
• Grass: Hybrid grass - essentially real, natural grass (95%) which is
reinforced with artificial turf fibers (5%).

TERMS & TERMINOLOGY

• Bicycle kick: A move where a player jumps in the air and kicks the ball backward over their head
• Free kick: A kick awarded to an opposition player when a player has committed a foul
• Goal kick: A kick awarded to the defending team when the ball crosses its goal line, a goal has not been
scored, and the last player touch was from the opposition
• Dead ball: A situation in which the goalkeeper is allowed to kick the ball from the spot without being tackled

Chess
• Chess has its roots in an ancient Indian game called "Chaturanga," which
was played around the 6th century AD.
• By the 10th century, the game had spread throughout the Islamic world in
Asia and into Christian Europe.
• The 19th century saw the establishment of competitive chess and the
standardization of rules.
• The first modern chess tournament was held in London in 1851.
• The World Chess Federation (FIDE) was founded in 1924.
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Dimensions and Setup:

Chessboard:
• The chessboard is an 8x8 grid, making 64 squares of alternating
colors, typically black and white.
• Each player starts with 16 pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks,
two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns.

Placement:
• The board is positioned so that each player has a white square on
their right-hand corner.
• Ranks (rows) are numbered 1-8, with 1 closest to white and 8 closest
to black.
• Files (columns) are labeled a-h, with 'a' being on the left from white's
perspective

Movement:
• Each type of piece has its unique movement pattern. For example, bishops move diagonally, rooks move
horizontally or vertically, knights move in an 'L' shape, etc.
• Pawns move forward one square, but capture diagonally. On their first move, they have the option to move
two squares forward.
Important Terms
• Pin - A situation where a piece cannot move without exposing a more valuable piece to capture.
• Fork - A tactic where a single piece attacks two or more enemy pieces at the
same time.

Special Moves:
• Castling: A move that involves the king and either rook when neither has
moved, allowing the king to move two squares towards the rook, and the rook
to move to the square over which the king crossed.
• Pawn Promotion: When a pawn reaches the farthest row from its starting
position, it must be promoted to any other piece (except a king), typically a
queen

Endgame:
Checkmate: The king is in check and has no legal moves to escape.
Stalemate: The player whose turn it is has no legal move and their king is not in check.
Draw: The game is a draw if the same position occurs three times (threefold repetition), there are no sufficient
pieces to force checkmate, or if fifty moves have passed without a pawn move or capture (fifty-move rule).

Table Tennis
• Table tennis, also known as ping-pong, originated in Victorian England
• International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) was established in 1926.
• Table tennis was introduced as an Olympic sport at the Seoul Olympic
Games in 1988.

Rules Of Table Tennis

• Games are played to 11 points.
• A player can win a game by scoring 11 points, or by gaining a lead of 2 points if both players or pairs score 10
points.
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• Service: Games start with a service, where the ball must be thrown vertically at least 16 cm upwards from an
open palm and then struck so it bounces once on the server’s side and at least once on the opponent’s side.
If the service touches the net (a let), it is retaken. Players alternate serving every two points.

Dimensions of Table Tennis:

• Table Size: The official table size is 2.74 meters (9 feet) long,
1.525 meters (5 feet) wide, and 76 centimeters (30 inches)
high.
• Net Size: The net is 15.25 centimeters (6 inches) high and
extends 15.25 centimeters (6 inches) beyond the table on both
sides.

The dimensions of a table tennis ball are:

• Diameter: 40 mm (1.57 in)
• Circumference: 4.94 in (125.6 mm)
• Weight: 2.7 g
• Color: White or orange
• Surface finish: Matte
• Material: Celluloid or similar plastic

Dimensions of a table tennis bat:

• Blade: At least 85% natural wood,
such as balsa, limba, cypress, or
hinoki
• Blade length: 6.7 inches (17 cm)
• Blade width: 5.9 inches (15 cm)
• Overall length: 9.45–10.25 inches
(240–260 mm)
• Weight: 2.47–3.53 oz (70–100 g)

Badminton
• The origins of badminton can be traced back more than 2,000 years to ancient Greece, China, and India.
• The modern version of badminton originated in the city of Pune in India and was initially called "Poona".
• The British Army took the Indian version of the game back to England.
• The game was played in 1873 in a place called "Badminton House" in England, from where it got its name.
• 1934: The International Badminton Federation (IBF), now known as the Badminton World Federation (BWF),
was formed
• 1992: Badminton was officially included in the Olympic Games for the first time in Barcelona, Spain

Basic Rules of the Game

1. Serving: The serve must be hit underhand and below the server's waist, with the racket shaft pointing
downwards. The shuttlecock must be struck at the bottom. The serve must go diagonally cross-court to be
legal.
2. Scoring: Badminton uses a rally scoring system, meaning that a point can be won by the serving or receiving
side. The first side to 21 points wins the set, provided there is at least a 2-point lead. If the score reaches 20-
20, the game continues until one side gains a 2-point lead or until one side scores 30 points.
3. Winning a Match: Matches are typically best-of-three games.
4. Change of Ends: Players switch ends of the court after each game. If a third game is played, they switch ends
when the leading score reaches 11 points.
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Court Dimensions
• Court Size: A standard badminton court measures 20 feet
(6.1 meters) in width for doubles matches and is slightly
narrower for singles matches, with a width of 17 feet
(5.18 meters).
• Length: The full length of the court is 44 feet (13.4
meters).
• Net Height: The net is placed across the center of the
court, standing 5 feet (1.524 meters) high at the edges
and 5 feet 1 inch (1.55 meters) high in the center.
• Service Courts: These are the boxes from which players
serve. The service court is 15.5 feet (4.72 meters) long
and is divided into a left and a right service court.

Shuttlecock Specifications:
• Overall Length: About 62 mm to 70 mm (2.44 to 2.76 inches).
• Diameter of Cork: About 25 mm to 28 mm (0.98 to 1.10 inches).
• Weight: About 4.74 to 5.50 grams (0.167 to 0.194 ounces).
Overall length is measured from the base of the cork to the tip of the
feathers or the synthetic skirt for nylon shuttlecocks.
The shuttlecock traditionally has 16 feathers fixed in a cork base covered in
a thin layer of leather

Racket Specifications:
• Weight: 70 to 95 grams (2.5 to 3.35 ounces) without
the strings and grip.
• Length: Not to exceed 680 mm (26.77 inches) in total
length.
• Width: must not exceed 230 mm (9.06 inches).

Basketball
• Basketball was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, a Canadian physical education
instructor
• International Basketball Federation (FIBA) was formed in 1932. Basketball became an
Olympic sport in 1936
• National Basketball Association (NBA) was established in 1946.

Important Rules:
• Game Play: Basketball is played between two teams of five players each, with the objective of scoring points
by shooting the ball through the opponent's basket.
• Scoring: A field goal is worth two points unless made from beyond the three-point line, where it's worth
three points. A free throw is worth one point.
Duration of the Game:
• Halftime: FIBA (International Basketball Federation):
• Periods: FIBA games also consist of four quarters.
• Quarter Duration: Each quarter in a FIBA game lasts 10 minutes (12 minutes for NBA).
• Halftime: There is a halftime intermission between the second and third quarters, typically lasting 15
minutes.
• Overtime: If the game is tied at the end of regulation, there are overtime periods of 5 minutes each.
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Court Dimensions :
• International Basketball: 28 meters by 15
meters

• Free-Throw Line: The free-throw line is 15 feet

(4.57 meters) from the backboard.
• Three-Point Line: FIBA's three-point line is
6.75 meters uniformly.

Basket Dimensions:
• Rim Height: The rim of the basket is 10 feet
(3.05 meters) above the court surface.
• Rim Diameter: Diameter of the rim is 18
inches (45.72 cm).

Famous Terminology:
Dunk: A high-impact shot where a player thrusts the ball down into the basket with one or both hands.
Alley-oop: A play where one player throws the ball near the basket to a teammate who jumps, catches the ball in
mid-air, and scores in a single motion.
Rebound: The act of retrieving the ball after a missed field goal or free throw.

Kabaddi
• With a 4000-year-long history, the traditional Indian sport
of kabaddi is one of the oldest in the world.
• The game of kabaddi is believed to have originated in the Indian
state of Tamil Nadu
• At the time, the region was called thamizhagam, and the game was
known as chedugudu or hu-tu-tu.
• Kabaddi received international exposure during the 1936 Berlin
Olympics, demonstrated by India.

The Game:
• Objective: The game's main objective is for a single player on offense—referred to as a "raider"—to run into
the opposing team's half of the court, tag out as many of their defenders as possible, and return to their half
of the court—all without being tackled by the defenders, and in a single breath.
• Players: Each Kabaddi team consists of 12 players, but only 7 take to the field at any one time.
• A kabaddi match typically runs for 40 minutes (two halves of 20 minutes each).

Rules of Kabaddi:
1. The Raid: A raid is where a single raider enters the opposing team's side of the court and attempts to tag the
defenders.
2. Cant or Kabbadi Slogan: The raider must continuously chant “Kabaddi, Kabaddi” without taking a breath to
show that they are not exhaling.
3. Tags and Touches: The raider can score points for every defender tagged. If the raider manages to return to
their side of the court without being tackled, the tagged defenders are out of the game.
4. Tackles: Defenders can score by stopping the raider from returning to their side before inhaling
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Kabaddi Ground Dimensions

• The size of a kabaddi court depends on
the tournament and age group:
• Men: 13 meters by 10 meters
• Women and juniors: 12 meters by 8
meters
• Circle style: 22 meters in radius
• The court is divided into two equal halves
by a mid-line:
• Side lobby: 1 meter wide on both sides
• Baulk line: 3.75 meters from the mid-line
• Boundaries: The four outer lines of the
mat

Wrestling
• Wrestling is one of the oldest forms of combat, referenced in ancient times
and depicted in many cultures
• The modern history of wrestling began in the early 19th century with the rise
of popular matches and competitions in Europe and America.
• Objective: The primary objective in competitive wrestling is to pin your
opponent's shoulders to the mat.

Types of Wrestling:
1. Greco-Roman Wrestling: This style forbids holds below the waist; this is a style that is part of the Olympic
Games.
2. Freestyle Wrestling: This Olympic style of wrestling allows the use of the wrestler's or his opponent's legs in
offense and defense.
3. Professional Wrestling: This is entertainment-based performance wrestling that has scripted outcomes. It is
very popular globally, with large organizations like WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment).

Mat or Ring Dimensions:

• Greco-Roman and Freestyle Wrestling Mat: The mat is a square
with a side of 12 meters, including a 1.5 meter protection area.
• The central wrestling area is a circle with a diameter of 7 meters,
with a 1-meter red zone on the edge, which is used to determine
when a wrestler is out of bounds (total 9 m).
• Professional Wrestling Ring: Typically, it is 20 feet by 20 feet square
and surrounded by three or four ropes attached to the ring posts.