Construction Inspection

(SAFETY INSPECTION AND AUDIT)

OBJECTIVES

01 02 03 04
Maintaining a safe Determining that Determining that Maintaining
work environment people are having operations meet or product quality
through hazard and working in a exceed acceptable and operational
recognition and safe manner. safety and profitability.
removal. government
standards.
INTRODUCTION
Inspection is one of the best tools available to find
problems & asses their risks before accident & other
losses might occur.

Many details are involved in a good safety

inspection program, but the points requiring full
consideration and development in an effective
system which will produce meaningful results are
quite simple as enumerated below:
• What is to be inspected?
• How open is each thing, process, or area to be inspected?
• Who will carry out the safety inspection & what procedures
are to be used?
INTRODUCTION cont…

Who will monitor • What reports & records will be needed & how will
they be handled?
the inspection • What provisions must be made for taking
activities & how? corrective action?

Sincere and diligent safety inspection efforts made a result

as part of a good inspection system, which are based upon
the foregoing principles that can only produce a valuable &
fulfilling result.
 NEEDS FOR INSPECTION

Identify
Identify
Identify improper Identify effects of
equipment
problems. employee changes.
deficiencies.
actions.

Demonstrate
Identify Identify positive
management’s
inadequacies/re performance &
commitment to
medial actions. quality results.
loss control.
SAFETY INSPECTION
PROGRAM

• Do you have written safety inspection program?

• What items need to be inspected?
• What aspects of each item need to be
examined?
• What conditions need to be inspected?
• How often must items be inspected?
• Who will conduct the inspection?
 ITEMS NEEDED FOR INSPECTION

MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL PHYSICAL CHEMICAL

HAZARDS HAZARDS HAZARDS HAZARDS

NATURAL
BIOLOGICAL ERGONOMIC PSYCHOSOCIAL • Geological
• Hydro/Met
MECHANICAL
HAZARDS ITEMS NEEDED FOR INSPECTION

• MECHANICAL HAZARDS
✓ Points of Operation- Milling, Blending, Drilling
✓ Power Transmission- Gears, Pulleys, Belts, and Chains.
✓ In-Running Nip Points- 2 or more components are running in
opposite direction & meet each other.
✓ Shear Points- Where one moving component of a machine runs
past which is stationary.
✓ Other Moving Parts- Guards (barriers, fences, enclosures) &
safeguards (fixed guards or barriers, automatic guards, sensing
devices, interlocks, hand positions, guardrails, gates & fences).
ELECTRICAL ITEMS NEEDED FOR INSPECTION
HAZARDS

• ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
✓Wiring
✓Grounding/Bonding,
✓Power Panels
✓Outlets
✓Switches.
PHYSICAL
HAZARDS ITEMS NEEDED FOR INSPECTION

• PHYSICAL HAZARDS
✓Noise,
✓Vibration,
✓Temperature,
✓Radiation,
✓Illumination,
✓Pressure.
CHEMICAL
HAZARDS ITEMS NEEDED FOR INSPECTION
• CHEMICAL HAZARDS
✓Dust/fibers- Solid particles of materials such as
silica, coal, cotton & asbestos.
✓Fumes - Particles formed when material from a
volatilized solid condenses in cool air
(ex. Nickel, beryllium, zinc & iron).
✓Smokes- Solid/liquid particles resulting from
incomplete combustion of materials such as wood,
coal plants & petroleum products.
CHEMICAL
HAZARDS ITEMS NEEDED FOR INSPECTION
• CHEMICAL HAZARDS
✓Mists/Aerosols- liquid particles suspended in air.
▪ (ex. Chromic acid, hydrochloric acid & sulfuric acid).
✓Gases- Formless fluids that expand to occupy the
space of enclosure to w/c they are confined.
▪ (ex. H2S, chlorine & carbon monoxide).
✓Vapors- The gaseous form of normally solid or
liquid substance subject to evaporation.
▪ (ex. Alcohol, gasoline, paint thinners & solvents).
BIOLOGICAL
ITEMS NEEDED FOR INSPECTION
• BIOLOGICAL
✓ Bacteria,
✓ Viruses,
✓ Fungi,
✓ Molds,
✓ Mites,
✓ Insects,
✓ Parasites &
✓ Plants.
ERGONOMIC ITEMS NEEDED FOR INSPECTION
• ERGONOMIC
✓ Repetitive Motion,
✓ Heavy Lifting,
✓ Awkward Or Static Postures,
✓ Fatigue,
✓ Over Exertion,
✓ Monotony,
✓ Perceptual Confusion Or Overload Varying Metabolic
Cycles,
✓ Direct Pressure &
✓ Excessive Force.
PSYCHOSOCIAL ITEMS NEEDED FOR INSPECTION

• PSYCHOSOCIAL
✓ Problems related to the social environment (e.g., death or
loss of a friend; inadequate social support; living alone;
difficulty with acculturation; discrimination; adjustment to
life-cycle transition (such as retirement).
✓ Problems with personal relationships (disruption of family
by separation, divorce)
✓ Work (threat of job loss; stressful work schedule), or
✓ School (illiteracy; academic problems; discord with
teachers or classmates; inadequate school environment)
NATURAL
• Geological ITEMS NEEDED FOR INSPECTION
• Hydro/Met

• NATURAL
✓ Geological- Earthquake Fault Lines
✓ Hydrological- Natural and man-made flood disasters,
storm surges, coastal erosion, and droughts
✓ Meteorological- extreme weather, (e.g. rain, drought,
snow, extreme heat or cold, ice, or wind).
▪ Examples of weather disasters
include blizzard, cyclones, droughts, hailstorms, heat
waves, hurricanes, floods (caused by rain), and tornadoes.
 HAZARD CLASSIFICATION

01 02 03
Class A Hazard (Major)- A Class B (Serious)-A condition Class C Hazard (Minor)- A
condition or practice likely or practice likely to cause condition or practice likely
to cause permanent serious injury or illness, to cause minor, non-
disability, loss of life or body resulting in temporary disability injury or illness or
part and/or extensive loss disability or property non-disruptive property
structure, equipment or damage that is disruptive damage. (WITHIN 7 DAYS).
material. ON THE SPOT but not extensive. (WITHIN
3-DAYS.)
 HOW OFTEN MUST INSPECTIONS BE MADE?

1. WHAT IS THE LOSS SEVERITY POTENTIAL OF THE PROBLEM?

FREQUENCY • The greater the loss severity potential, the more frequency
an item or process should be inspected…
OF SAFETY 2. WHAT IS THE POTENTIAL FOR INJURY TO EMPLOYEES? The
greater
• the probability for injury to employees, the more often the
INSPECTION IS item should be inspected…equipment can become unsafe,
the more frequent you should inspect them…
DETERMINED 3. WHAT IS THE PAST RECORD OF FAILURES?
• The more frequently a process or equipment has failed in
BY 5 FACTORS: the past & the greater the consequences, the more often
that item needs to be inspected…
 HOW OFTEN MUST INSPECTIONS BE MADE?
1. ARE THEIR REQUIRED INSPECTIONS?
• Some equipment in your company may have to be inspected
at regular intervals. This could be required by regulation or as
FREQUENCY a manufacturer’s recommendation. When inspection of such
equipment is performed, be certain that they are documented
OF SAFETY properly…
2. WHO MAKE SAFETY INSPECTIONS?

INSPECTION IS • Safety Engineers

• Supervisors & Foremen

DETERMINED • Health & Safety Committee

• Government Safety Representative

BY 5 FACTORS: • Insurance Company Safety Engineer

• Licensed/Accredited Third- Party Safety Inspector
• More than one person
 SAFETY INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS

Familiarity with
Knowledge of your Ability to make right
accident potential and
organization’s accident decisions for corrective
with the standards that
records. action.
apply to your area.

Pure understanding of
Tact in handling the organization’s
personnel and operations - its
situations. workflow, systems and
procedures
 SAFETY INSPECTION METHODS

CONTINOUS PREVENTIVE LICENSED SPECIAL ONE CALL

ACTIVITY MAINTENANCE INSPECTIONS INSPECTION INSPECTION
INSPECTIONS
 CONTINOUS ACTIVITY INSPECTIONS
THESE ARE REGULAR INSPECTIONS
MADE BY THE SAFETY ENGINEER, SAFETY
DIRECTORS OR THEIR STAFF. IT INCLUDES REGULAR PLANNED PROGRAM OF FAMILIARITY BY THE STAFF & HEALTH &
HEALTH & SAFETY COMMITTEE INSPECTION DESIGN TO COVER ALL SAFETY COMMITTEE WITH THE
INSPECTIONS IN A WEEKLY OR MONTHLY AREAS & SUBJECTS. OPERATIONS & PROCEDURES.
BASIS. THE ADVANTAGES OF THIS
METHOD INCLUDE:

EARLY DETECTION OF CHANGES IN

FOLLOW-UP OF RECOMMENDATIONS.
OPERATIONS OR EQUIPMENT.
 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
• These covers scheduled or containing surveys by designated
plant personnel, such as:
✓ Electricians, Mechanics & Maintenance men.
✓ They include both safety inspections & those performed
for mechanical functioning, lubrications, etc.
✓ Progressive plants schedule surveys at regular interval,
keyed to maintenance records of machines & other
equipment.
✓ Potential failures of the machines & equipment are being
fixed before they happen, thereby preventing damage,
breakdowns & injury – producing accidents.
 LICENSED INSPECTIONS

• By specially trained/certified or
licensed inspectors usually an
outsider.
✓Examples are:
✓Boiler,
✓Elevator &
✓Electrical Inspections.
 SPECIAL INSPECTION
• For special purposes usually at the requests of
management, employee groups or union.
• Sometimes this inspection is made by
municipality/regions, in-order to investigate serious
fire, explosion or a serious accident.
 ONE CALL INSPECTION

• Made according to predetermined schedule by outside

inspections usually coming from Municipality & Regional
Office.
WHAT KNOWLEDGE IS NECESSARY TO QUALIFY AS A
“SAFETY INSPECTOR”?
EXPERTISE- EXPERIENCE-
ABILITY- To see,
Complete Experienced
observes & recognizes
familiarization with the inspectors are qualified
potential hazards.
operations. to carry –

CAPACITY FOR IDEAS-

SELF-ANALYSIS-
Can give ideas on the
Experienced to
out safety inspections. spot in –order to solve
do analysis of the
accident prevention
inspection.
problems.
 USE 5 SENSES IN INSPECTION

03 04 05
01 02
Capacity to
Capacity to Capacity to
touched
Capacity to
determine
To see smell unusual unusual taste.
anything that determine odors. anything with
doesn’t look unusual unusual
right from vibrations or feeling.
safety point noises.
of view.
STEPS OF THE INSPECTION PROCESS
1. PREPARE – adequate preparation includes
emphasis on a positive approach, pre-
inspection planning, and application of
checklist, review of previous inspection reports
and gathering of inspection tools & materials;
✓ Refer to the record & checklist.
✓ Accent the positive.
✓ Look for off the floor & out-of-the-way
items.
✓ Take immediate temporary actions.
✓ Describe & locate cash item immediately.
✓ Classify the hazard.
2. DEVELOP REMEDIAL ACTIONS
3. TAKE FOLLOW – UP ACTIONS
SAFETY INSPECTION FORM CONTENTS

1. Project name / number

2. Date
3. Previous Safety Statistics Records
4. Signature: Auditor(s) PM
5. Rating: overall / each item/ calculations
6. Areas or items to be inspected
7. Comments
8. General summary of outstanding items, attitudes
& discussion points
9. Action summary
SAFETY INSPECTION
FORM CONTENTS

• Action summary
• Item
• Description/ actionable
• Who
• When
• Results/remarks
• Distribution list
 • REPORTS FILING
• Reports are properly filed
and readily available.
SAFETY • Continually used as
reference until follow-up
INSPECTION is completed.
• Central files can help
FORM anyone assess the safety
status and the performance
of managers in various
areas.
 • Inspection report scoring worksheet.
• Rating Systems:
• Poor - Fair - Good - Very Good -
REPORT QUALITY Excellent
• 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10
MEASUREMENT • Standard Not Met - Meets
Standard - Exceeds Standard
• 0% -10% -20% -30% -40% -50% -
60% -70% -80% -90% -100%
 • Provide budget & resources for
equipment and materials to do the
safety inspection.
• Shall set performance standards.
• Shall set objectives related to safety
UPPER inspection.
MANAGEMENT • To provide adequate leadership and
employee training.
ACTION • Will always monitor the status of the
inspection program.
• To direct the conduct of program audits.
• To participate in making safety and
health tours.
Safety Begins in you!