Biology Curriculum for Form 1 to 4
FORM 1 (Introduction to Biology)
1. Introduction to Biology
- Meaning and importance of Biology
- Branches of Biology
- Laboratory safety rules and apparatus
2. Cell Biology
- Cell structure and functions
- Cell specialization
- Movement of substances (diffusion, osmosis, active transport)
3. Classification of Living Organisms
- Five Kingdoms of life
- Binomial nomenclature
- Simple classification of plants and animals
4. Nutrition in Plants and Animals
- Photosynthesis
- Modes of nutrition
- Digestion in humans
5. Human Health
- Diseases and their prevention (bacterial, viral, fungal diseases)
- First aid
FORM 2 (Intermediate Biology Concepts)
1. Transport in Plants and Animals
- Xylem and phloem
- Circulatory system in humans (heart, blood vessels, blood components)
2. Respiration and Gaseous Exchange
- Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
- Gas exchange in plants and animals
3. Excretion and Homeostasis
- Excretory organs in humans
- Homeostasis (temperature regulation, osmoregulation)
4. Coordination and Response
- Nervous system in humans
- Hormones and endocrine glands
FORM 3 (Advanced Biology)
1. Reproduction in Plants and Animals
- Asexual vs. sexual reproduction
- Human reproductive system
- Fertilization, pregnancy, and birth
2. Growth and Development
- Germination of seeds
- Human growth stages
3. Genetics and Evolution
- Mendelian genetics (dominant & recessive traits)
- Chromosomes, DNA, and genes
- Evolutionary theory and natural selection
4. Ecology and Environment
- Ecosystem components
- Food chains and food webs
- Conservation and pollution
FORM 4 (Applied and Specialized Biology)
1. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
- DNA technology
- Cloning and GMOs
- Applications in medicine and agriculture
2. Human Health and Disease
- Immunity and vaccines
- Common diseases (malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis)
- Drug use and abuse
3. Evolution and Adaptation
- Evidence of evolution
- Structural and behavioral adaptations
4. Revision and Practical Applications
- Experiments on food tests, microscopy, and dissection
- Fieldwork in ecology