Number 4

1. Types of Questions
a. Yes or No Type
Items are answerable by “yes” or” no”
Example:
Do caregivers have the right to refuse calls? ( ) Yes ( ) No
Do senior high school students join the class early? ( ) Yes ( ) No
b. Recognition or Checklist Type
Alternative responses are already provided that participants of the study
simply choose among the given choices. It also contains close-ended
questions
Example:
Educational Attainment
______ Elementary Graduate ______ Masteral Degree
______ High School Graduate ______ Doctorate Degree
______ Bachelor’s Graduate ______ Others: please specify:_________
______ Technical Graduate
c. Completion or Fill-in Type
The participants of the study are asked to fill in the blanks with the
necessary information.
Example:
To pass my failing subjects, I will_____________________________
d. Coding or Ranking Type
Numbers are assigned to names, choices, and other pertinent data and
the participants are asked to indicate their rating or order of preferences
among the number options.
Example:
1. On a scale of one (1) to ten (10), how will you rate the skills of your
science laboratory teacher?
 2. Please rank your most used media applications
_____ Facebook _____ YouTube
_____ Messenger _____ TikTok
_____ Instagram _____ Twitter
e. Subjective Type
The respondents are free to give their opinions about an issue of concern.
Example:
Will senior high school students be allowed to change their
specialization?
f. Scaled Items
The respondents are asked to rate a concept, an event, or a situation
indicating the intensity, quality or frequency of the provided scale for the
responses. Below are the different types of scale
1. Likert Scale
It is a common scaling technique which consists of several declarative
statements that express a viewpoint on a topic
Example:
5- Point Likert Scale
______ Strongly Disagree _____ Never
______Disagree _____ Rarely
______ Moderately Agree _____ Sometimes
______ Agree _____ Often
______ Strongly Agree _____ Always
Note: Avoid neutral options like “undecided”, “neither agree nor disagree”.
These descriptions are vague and do not necessarily capture the
information a researcher wants to obtain.
2. Semantic Differential Scale
The respondents are asked to rate concepts is a series of bipolar
adjectives. It has an advantage of being flexible and easy to construct.
 Example:
Description of class president
Competent 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Incompetent
Pleasant 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Unpleasant
3. Question Writing
a. Target the vocabulary and grammar of the population to be surveyed.
• For studies within a specific organization, use the special words or
expressions used in that organization.
• Be careful to avoid language that is familiar to you but might be
unknown to your respondents. Avoid unnecessary abbreviations.
Example:
use of word “cohort” for “group”
instead of “hybrid” use “a mix of online and In-person learning”
b. Avoid ambiguity, confusion, and vagueness.
• Make sure it is clear what you are asking and how you want it
answered.
• Avoid indefinite words or response categories.
Example: using the words like many, always, usually, few
c. State questions in an affirmative rather than in a negative manner
Example: Affirmative: I eat fruit daily
Negative: I don’t eat fruit daily
d. Avoid emotional language, prestige bias and leading questions.
• Watch out for loaded words that have a history of being attached to
extreme situations.
Example: AUPA provides high quality education, what are your
impressions with your instructors?
e. Watch for prestige markers that cue the respondent to give the "right"
answer.
Example: The food at the cafeteria is the best, isn’t it?
f. Avoid loading questions with extra adjectives and adverbs.
Example: You don’t smoke too much, do you?
g. Avoid double-barreled questions.
• Make each question about one and only one topic.
Example: Do you want to run for the Student Government and aim to get
the With Highest Honor Award?
Note: Don't assume the respondent is an expert on themselves (unless
you have no choice)
h. Avoid asking questions beyond a respondent's capabilities.
• People have cognitive limitations, especially when it comes to memory
of past events.
• It is pointless to ask people about things that are not natural ways for
them to think.
Example: For the past three months, how many times your math teacher
gives you positive feedback for submitting your works on time?
i. Avoid negatives and especially double negatives.
Example:
The safety guidelines for science laboratory can’t be find nowhere.
____Strongly Disagree
____Disagree
____Slightly Agree
____Agree
____Strongly Agree