DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Senior High School Department

RECYCLING PROGRAMS IN PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE

PRACTICES AMONG STUDENTS

Aquino, Mark Lester F.

Arcenal, Brianne Phoebe C.

Borlagdan, Renniel L.

Galario, Charmelle B.

Dalandanan National High School

Practical Research 1

Ms. Shylla Rose U. Laguador

April 2025
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Have you ever wondered what happens to the waste we throw away every day?

Waste mismanagement practices like throwing waste in open areas, continue to be a major

concern worldwide. According to the report of Kaza et al., (2018), half of the worlds

population are not totally aware of waste management practices. The increasing

mismanagement of waste emphasizes the call for eco-friendly practices worldwide. Waste

segregation is the act of separating different types of waste material into specific

categories based on their quality, such as the usefulness and harmfulness of wastes

(Yajnik 2024). Recycling, specifically, has addressed components of waste management

programs, to reduce the increasing volume of wastes. Many countries like Japan set an

example in waste management. In the 20th Century, Japan's government established a

Sound Material-Cycle Society where it wants to reduce the consumption of waste and

aims to recycle it based on 3R's, the Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. As the years passed,

21st Century approaches, the technologies improve that is applied to manage different

types of wastes easily and properly. Different kinds of equipment are used to transport

waste to domestic and overseas dump areas. Under the Act on the Promotion of Sorted

Collection and Recycling Containers and Packaging, managing PET bottle recycle project

are collected and remade them into new products using advanced technologies (Luk 2021).

These recycling and waste management projects of Japan highlights the possibility of

tackling environmental challenges that the world faces and to effectively manage the

waste segregation practices. In these programs, it can influence and inspire other countries

1
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
to adapt the same strategies, encouraging the world to shift into more sustainable waste

management.

Facing crucial challenges in waste management, the Philippines, due to its

increasing waste production and lack of disposal areas faces this. The progress of

recycling initiatives of the nation has helped to address its waste management problems.

The 3Rs–Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle represent as the main topic of eco-friendly events in

the Philippines. Through the awareness campaigns or poster contests, Filipinos often

encouters challenges related to proper waste management in the country. Recycling that

can be easily practiced into daily lives, provides another way for people to contribute to

the environmental stability and may assist environmental problems since it can be easily

integrated into regular actions (Cubacub, 2024). Due to urbanization and population

growth, the National Capital Region (NCR), which includes CAMANAVA (Caloocan,

Malabon, Navotas, and Valenzuela), produces a lot of garbage yearly, placing a concern

on recycling facilities and disposal areas (Coracero et al., 2021). This region implements

many waste segregation programs aiming to reduce waste and promote recycling practices.

In 2019, Nestlé Philippines and Valenzuela City formed a partnership to promote

recycling program called "May Balik Sa Plastik", it aims to lessen the amount of residents

wastes in the citys transfer station and landfill by motivating them to collect wastes per

kilogram or sorting them for recycling (Garcia and Predejas 2019). These programs aim to

raise public awareness and inspire sustainable practices among communities in the

CAMANAVA region.

As the center of learning and social influence, schools are essential institutions in

promoting sustainability (Yli-Panula et al., 2022). Students participate in waste

2
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
management through activities like clean-up drives and waste inspection. In these

activities projects, it allows students to apply the principle of waste segregation within the

school and surrounding community. Providing direct activities that help to advocate

environmental awareness, recycling programs, specifically, can be more relatable and

sustainable for students. However, the other waste segregation topics like composting,

reducing single-use plastics, or proper waste organizing are also important and impactful

for environmental education. Dalandanan National High School, located in Valenzuela

City within the CAMANAVA region is an example of this school that promotes

sustainability. The researchers observe that Dalandanan National High School has

different recycling programs such as PET bottles, material recovery facility and

newspaper drive in Science Club. Researchers pay attention to recycling because it's a key

component of waste segregation and often the most visible and practical way for students

to engage with sustainability programs. By doing the strategies such as PET bottle

collection and the material recovery, Dalandanan National High School not only promotes

environmental responsibility but also engages and strengthens the students to take steps

toward a sustainable future. Programs emphasize the importance of integrating recycling

into daily practices, promoting values of environmental consciousness and action both

within the school and community.

Statement of the Problem

Recycling Programs educate students in proper techniques to use in waste

management and support them in developing their awareness in the environment. In this

ambition, it allows students to influence in a good way and encourages doing sustainable

practices in the environment and school. This study aims to gather perceptions among

3
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
students about the importance of recycling programs in schools in promoting sustainable

practices within the school premises. Despite existing studies and initiatives, school

programs on waste management require further improvement to effectively engage and to

deeply understand the importance of practicing proper waste management to students.

1. What's the level of awareness students have about the school’s recycling programs?

2. How do students participate in school recycling programs?

3. What is the impact of recycling programs in maintaining environmental

sustainability?

Hypothesis

Recycling programs significantly enhance and influence students' understanding of

the environmental impacts of proper waste disposal, encouraging more sustainable

lifestyle choices and how important the way they handle waste in making a big difference

to the world.

Theoretical Framework

The classic view of recycling programs based on the theory of waste management

(Pongcratz.,et al 2004; Bautista 2020) is the short-term objectives including adhering to

rules, lowering hazards, and safeguarding the environment and public health are the main

emphasis of the conventional waste management method. On the other hand,

contemporary viewpoints place a strong emphasis on generating long-term value, which

includes improved relationships, environmental innovation, and higher production.

Measuring garbage, classifying it, and choosing the best treatment techniques are the three

main goals of practical waste management. The first goal of preventative measures is to

4
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
cut waste at its origin. Second, end-of-pipe methods use incineration, recycling,

landfilling, or separation to recover value from trash. Finally, environmental restoration

aims to restore the harm that pollution has created. It emphasizes that reducing waste

requires both enforcing strict rules and increasing public awareness. Even though

restoration and cost is essential for restoring environmental damage yet prevention is the

most economical strategy.

The study relates to this theory because it talks about the need to not just manage

waste, but also to teach students to care for the environment in the long term. The theory

helps the study show that it’s not just about sorting trash or recycling, but also about

preventing waste and raising awareness, which is the most cost-effective way to protect

the environment. This theory is a good fit for the study because it helps explain how

recycling programs can encourage students to adopt eco-friendly behaviors for life, not

just follow rules for recycling. It also highlights the importance of prevention, which is

more cost-effective in the long run than just dealing with waste after it’s created.

Significance of the Study

The following recipients greatly benefit from this qualitative study on how trash

segregation programs affect students specifically and how they contribute to sustainability in

general:

For the Students: The research's findings will contribute to the creation of a more engaging and

well-integrated waste segregation program in their learning environment. It is possible to modify

demands and assist them become more environmentally conscious if the factors that influence

their involvement and participation are identified and the program to meet their wants.

5
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
For the Teachers: By integrating waste segregation into their lessons, teachers can gain a deeper

understanding of the challenges students face and their perspectives on waste management. They

can use lesson ideas and materials to clarify misconceptions and promote effective waste

management practices. This approach helps foster collaboration between teachers and students in

achieving shared goals for sustainability.

For the Administrators: By applying the study's findings, administrators can improve waste

separation efforts within the school. They can take action by organizing campaigns or setting up

clear systems for sorting waste. This will highlight the importance of environmental responsibility

and encourage more students to actively participate in recycling programs. Administrators can

collaborate with school organizations to implement and enhance these recycling programs,

supporting a more eco-friendly learning environment for students.

For the Future Researchers: They might build on the knowledge they have with their own study

and received by comparing the procedures.This research can serve as a model for future

investigations.

This offers a path forward for scholars who wish to build on this work, the function of

social influence or the efficacy of measures other than trash segregation, possibly investigating

similar subjects.

Scope and Delimitation

The study aims to influence recycling programs in promoting sustainable

practices among high school students. This is also focused on analysing the influence of

these programs on their awareness, attitudes, and actions that are related to the

responsibility of waste management and sustainability.

This research will be only limited to students who have an experience in recycling

programs and initiatives in a high school setting such as the clubs and organizations who

6
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
have recycling projects. The study will be conducted in the place in Dalandanan National

High School, where the waste segregation program is actively carried out. Also the data

collection that will take place during the academic year of 2024-2025 when the program is

in use, to a certain extent that its influence can be effectively observed and be reviewed.

Interviews will be used as the primary method for the data gathering, providing

perspective into the students' awareness, also of their attitudes, and the practices they

know that are really related to the waste segregation. The findings will be focused to

determine the effectiveness of programs and offer recommendations for improving the

same environmental readiness

Definition of Terms

Biodegradable Waste - It is a spoiled waste that is natural and organic that can be

decomposed naturally into smaller substances.

Non-Biodegradable Waste - Waste materials that cannot be broken down by

microorganisms. Non-biodegradable waste often ends up in landfills.

Recycling - The process of converting waste materials into new products.

Sustainable Practices - It is a practice that wants to lessen waste mismanagement and to

spread resources for the future. In these research, it finds how recycling programs

influence students in adapting sustainable practices.

Waste Segregation - It is an action that collects different types of waste materials such

recyclable, biodegradable, non-recyclable into separate containers for proper disposal and

resource recovery.

7
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Review of Related Literature

Foreign Literature

According to Yamatin (2019), in his literature entitled “International School of

Beijing's Student-Driven Journey to Recycling” , the programs about recycling are

important for students to be aware about how recycling and other practices for the

environment are relevant. The International School of Beijing (ISB) implemented a

program for recycling to take actions to address the issues over waste in school.The

literary review shows the recycling program that the ISB made was to influence students

to have sustainable practices in their school. The recycling program educates students in

adopting waste segregation and also adopts eco-friendly practices. As a result, many

students developed the recycling practices from the ISB program and became

environmentally responsible (Yamatin, 2019). In addition, these practices focus the

attention on the teamwork of students and educators to achieve a sustainable environment.

ISB’s recycling program highlighted the relevance and importance of educational

institutions in adapting sustainability. In this example, it shows the ability of students to

take action, be responsible and make a difference in a sustainable way.

According to Luk (2021), in her literature entitled “How Strict Waste Management

in Japan Alleviated Its Environmental Impact”, Japan was recognized years ago for its

strategies in waste management that are effective and significantly lessen environmental

effects. Japan's strategy approach has a series of policies and practices aimed to create a

"no-waste" environment, securing the health of the public and promoting sustainability.

8
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
This literature review shows that by implementing policies and practices, Japan made

itself as the head in waste management. These efforts started with the "Waste Cleaning

Act" of 1900 to manage the health challenges and other issues. As years passed,

initiatives like recycling laws and charging fees using plastic bags had significantly

lessened the waste disposal and promoted consumer behavior responsibility. There were

still issues like the landfill for the waste disposal, despite the advancement of Japan,

emphasizing the need for cooperation of the public to maintain the waste management

effectiveness. Japan served as a role model to other countries to have effective sustainable

practices by continuously adapting, developing and implementing effective strategy and

efforts worldwide.

According to Yajnik (2024), in his literature entitled “Waste Sorting and

Segregation: Key Principles for Efficient Solid Waste Management”, as they made

recycling easier, managing pollution in the environment and encouraging public health,

proper waste disposal and segregation were essential to a well-organize waste

management. Implemented policies for appropriate waste segregation practices made

sures that materials that need to be recycled are properly processed, resulting in reducing

the waste in landfills and taking care of natural resources. This literature review shows

that classifying waste into different types such as biodegradable, recyclable and hazardous

are effective waste segregation for a sustainable environment. Collecting and processing

of waste developed the efficiency of categorizing the waste resulting in increasing

recycling rates and reducing environment pollution. Ensuring the success of waste

management efforts, participation of the public and their awareness had a significant role

in advocating and recognizing the issues in the environment. In conclusion, prioritizing

9
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
public education and programs are important to achieve a sustainable environment

through proper waste sorting and segregation that are components of an efficient waste

management strategy.

Local Literature

According to Amazona (2019), in his literature entitled “Leyte Kids Fund School

Publication through Recycling” , students in Leyte were imaginatively and efficiently

making money for their school publication by making a project about recycling. This

helped them from being environmentally aware and collect funds for school publications

and this project showed the creative and resourceful mind of students. According to

Philippine News Agency (2019), this literature showed that students collect recyclable

materials such as plastic bottles and cans, which they sell to have funds for their school

publication.This project helped students to value environmentally-friendly practices while

having teamwork and problem-solving with their schoolmates. Leyte's students made this

possible with their creative mind and teamwork that inspires every student that small

action matters. Lastly, the students relate and connect education to sustainable practices

like recycling that allows students to grow in their school and society.

According to Cubacub (2024), in his literature entitled “Charting the Progress of

Recycling Programs in the Philippines”, through the implemented recycling program, the

Philippines has been actively handling its waste management challenges. The

collaboration of government policies, community initiatives and private sector

participation are managed to promote environment sustainability. This literature review

showed that all over the country, Local Government Units (LGUs) used the principles of

Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (3Rs) in their Solid Waste Management (SWM) programs.

10
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
Encouraging public individuals to join in waste reduction, they required segregated

collection of waste and community-based recycling programs. The lack of more advanced

technology and infrastructure are the challenges of the Philippines despite its progressed

in waste management. The development of recycling programs in the Philippines showed

a growing environmental awareness among Filipinos. Continuous collaboration among

government entities, communities, and the private sector is relevant to overcome existing

challenges and improve the effectiveness of these actions, contributing to a more

sustainable future.

According to Garcia (2019) in his literature entitled “Plastic Recycling Program

Launched in Valenzuela City”, aiming to handle the increasing concern of plastic waste,

Valenzuela City and Nestlé Philippines collaborated to launch the "May Balik sa Plastik"

program. This initiative was to recycle and reduce the capacity of plastic waste and used

beverage cartons in the city's landfill and promote sustainability. The literature review

showed that the "May Balik sa Plastik" program represented a joint force action between

the local government, private sector, and educational institutions. Educational campaigns

were also included to raise awareness about proper waste segregation and recycling

practices, encouraging a culture of environmental responsibility. Emphasizing the

significant role of public-private partnerships, the launch of "May Balik sa Plastik"

program addressed environmental issues in Valenzuela City. In these actions, managing

waste effectively not only helped but also encouraged the public to a culture of

environmental responsibility among communities.

Review of Related Studies

Foreign Studies

11
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
According to Sonnenfeld (2018) in her study entitled “Using the Theory of

Planned Behavior to Understand University Students Recycling Behavior” Recycling was

an important part of organizing and sorting waste, and it could help reduced the amount of

waste sent to landfills and protect our environment. However, the key was knowledge and

influenced recycling behavior to increase participation. Using the Theory of Planned

Behavior to Understand Recycling Behavior among University Students revealed

students' attitudes towards recycling, perceived behavioral control, and social norms

influencing recycling practices among university students; therefore, it provided valuable

insights into making more effective recycling programs (Sonnenfeld, 2018). The study

examined the recycling behaviors of university students using the TPB, focusing on three

main elements: attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Based on

the gathered information, students had a positive perception and actively participated in

recycling. However, one factor that specifically hinders recycling here was the lack of a

strong subjective norm—there was no expectation from students that they need to recycle

on campus. This lack of strong subjective norm reflected that everyone should share

responsibility for recycling. Convenience and access also played a significant role in

changing a person's behavior to recycle, and in fact, even if attitudes were positive,

logistical issues could work against someone's best efforts to recycle.The study suggested

that the university should prioritize recycling programs to have more participating

students joining it. Educational programs, recycling actions and the school could make a

school environment where recycling was a normal practice that contributed to the tidiness

and eco-friendly environment.

12
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
According to Altassan (2023), in his study entitled “The World Presents Lots of

Environmental Challenges, and the Schools Play a Crucial Role in Making a Brighter

Environmental Future”, aimed to escalate the proposal regarding the friendly school

environment basically through an application of solar energy, encouragement of

behavioral change and increased recycling rates among other ways for schools. The plan,

therefore, stipulated that collaboration between schools and local governments as well as

recycling organizations should be close. This was because they must collaborate together.

Thus, the paper gave a practical and holistic model for school sustainability. Schools,

municipalities, and recycling organizations collaborated to achieve a sustainable culture

that impacts not only the environment but also future generations. This approach

underlines the need for education, cooperation, and action for small changes to add up.

According to Umar et al., (2021) in his study titled "A Case Study on the Effective

Implementation of the Reuse and Recycling of Construction & Demolition Waste

Management Practices in Malaysia", mostly the consumer of natural resources and energy

was the construction industry globally, played an important role, embodied energy had an

environmental impact to the world. In waste management and recycling, the growing

citizens and civilization motivated people to take actions towards sustainable practices. In

Malaysia, indicating the significant role of lessening waste and taking actions in strategies

for recycling was the solution in the issue of the limited waste disposal facilities .These

practices could help conserve resources, reduce energy costs, and limit landfill waste, thus

contributing to having an eco-friendly community. Developed nations around the world

implemented effective strategies for C&D waste. However, developing countries such as

Malaysia faced significant waste management problems due primarily to insufficient

13
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
awareness, implementation, as well as the inadequate recycling infrastructure. The

building of more stringent policies and institution mechanism were put forth by the

Malaysian government and stakeholders to enhance source separation and recycling in

the construction sector. Therefore, to improve C&D waste management in Malaysia, the

study recommended touching on industry recycling rates and the lack of knowledge that

still exist in the industry. Thus, reducing factors affecting the environment. While current

practices in Malaysia are behind the times, better systems, as well as health education,

could spearhead progress in this area. Waste management processes are crucial to

minimize embodied energy and lessen environmental impact through sustainable

construction practices.

Local Studies

According to Molina (2021) in his study entitled “Solid Waste Management

Awareness and Practices among Senior High School Students in a State College in

Zamboanga City, Philippines”, waste control was one of the challenges faced by many

countries. Poor waste disposal management would lead to various problems in health,

environment and socio-economic aspects. Since, educational institutions were an agent of

change and through R.A. No. 9003, solid waste management concepts were being

integrated in science education. In this study, a descriptive – quantitative approach was

utilized using the researcher made instrument proper management of waste Awareness

and Practices Questionnaire (SWMAPQ). A total of 332 Grade 12 students participated in

the study from a State College, of which 68 are Science, Technology, Engineering and

Mathematics (STEM) students, 166 are Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL) students

and 98 are General Academic Strand (GAS) students. Result shows that students had

14
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
enough knowledge in terms of the definition of solid waste, effect of improper waste

disposal, waste control, prohibited activities, school initiatives towards solid waste,

importance of environmental proper waste management and students’ responsibilities.

However, students had low knowledge on the different laws relevant to waste handling.

Television or radio, parents and social media were the sources of these awareness. The

result also showed that students had good sustainable waste management practices in

terms of segregation, reduction, reuse, recycle and disposal.

According to Zortea (2019) in his study entitled “Community-Based and

Integrated Solid Waste Management: Experiences from Metro Manila’s Tondo District”,

the lack of proper waste management system in our environment builds a negative impact

that could affect human health and environment. In the Philippines, Tondo District of

Manila used an case study to analyze the waste circumstance in Metro Manila, based on

The National Solid Waste Commission (NSWMC) the Philippines could produced almost

half of hundred thousand of waste every day, but there's more dozen of thousands tons of

waste were not collected. The Philippines were one of the largest contributor of plastic in

ocean that could cause of water pollution, based on World Bank the waste production will

rise more than a hundred percent in year 2025, these showed the problem of the

Philippines about waste particularly in Metro Manila that requires a attention and solution

to resolve the issue about waste. The waste management (WM) system organized by the

Baranguays – the smallest administrative divisions in the country – was inadequate, and

integrated by unofficial and in large part not legalized systems,separate and sell waste to

companies who recycle or reuse it. The research conducted in field analyses the waste

chain in the Philippines, explaining how a more efficient Urban Solid Waste Management

15
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
could produce a positive impact on people and on the environment. In Tondo District the

presence of unofficial actors, such as cooperatives, under certain conditions could be a

valuable supply chain that would reduce the amount of waste in streets and landfills,

integrating the work of the most vulnerable groups, such as women and scavengers. The

research main finding is that it would be necessary not only to implement LGUs (local

government units, including provinces, independent cities, municipalities and Barangays)

policies on solid waste management (SWM) but also to adopt a community-based

approach in the official waste chain.

According to the World Bank Group (2021) in their study entitled “Market Study

for the Philippines: Plastics Circularity Opportunities and Barriers”, the Philippines, a fast

growing island country in Southeast Asia was a driven by increasing urbanization, a large

and growing middle class, and a young population that was highly adept at using digital

media (World Bank, 2020). However, this economic growth led to an increase in solid

waste disposal .The Republic Act No. 9003, popularly known as the Ecological Solid

Waste Management Act of 2000, defined solid waste as all discarded household,

commercial, non-hazardous institutional and industrial waste, street sweepings and

construction debris, agricultural waste, and other non-hazardous/non-toxic solid waste.

For many nations, solid waste management was a headache, and if not managed properly,

it could have adverse effects on health, environmental and socio-economic levels. Further,

results showed that even if R.A. No. 9003 encourages educators to adopt solid waste

management concepts in science education, students still did not have substantial

knowledge regarding the apparent laws governing solid waste management. Most of them

were familiar with the news through television, radio, parents, through social media. At

16
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
the same time, the students showed successful solid waste management practices in the

aspect of segregation, reduction, reuse, recycling and disposal. The results further

analyzed show that the students have adequate knowledge about definition of solid waste,

effects of solid waste improper disposal, prohibited behaviors, school activities,

importance of solid waste management and individual responsibilities. The gap identified

by this study was between the practical execution of solid waste management practices by

the students and their understanding of the laws dealing with the solid waste. Although

they possess hands on skills, education of legal aspects of solid waste management needs

to be improved to gain further knowledge for better participation in environmental

stewardship. Further research could explore the effectiveness of different teaching

methods in deepening students' understanding of R.A. No. 9003 and its implications.

Synthesis

The reviewed literature of foreign and local recycling and waste management

highlights its similarities and particular approaches worldwide. All literature emphasized

the significance of programs, education and community participation in promoting

sustainable practices. The International School Beijing (Yamatin, 2019) showed the

student-driven initiatives, while Japan's environmental practices showed the result and

impact of policies, programs and education promoting a sustainable environment (Luk

2021). Locally ,Valenzuela City's "May Balik sa Plastik" program in partnership with

Nestlé Philippines and Leyte's recycling project showed teamwork and collaboration in

private sectors and educational institutions is important. As the Philippine progress about

recycling increased, the waste segregation actions further emphasized how public

awareness and sustainable practices can change the world. Local actions and participation

17
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
were likely more collaborative and resourceful while other countries' efforts frequently

improved their advanced infrastructure and policies. However, even though there were

differences, all this literature emphasized teamwork, responsibility and public awareness

for long-term sustainability. The foreign and local efforts showed that awareness,

programs and policies for waste management and recycling were important solutions for a

clean and healthy environment.

The reviewed study of foreign and local on promoting sustainable waste practices

shared a common focus on recycling and educational initiatives. The similarities of these

studies was the understanding of the role of educational institutions and community

participation in promoting environmental responsibility. The study of Sonnenfeld (2018)

and Molina (2021) emphasized that the educational programs had a significant impact on

students' recycling attitudes and perception while Altassan (2023) and Umar et al., (2021)

centralized the collaboration between schools, government and organizations and its

importance. While foreign studies pay attention to wide international waste management

programs and projects just like the study of Sonnenfeld (2018) and Umar et al., (2021)

and highlighted their well-established systems and policies , local studies on the other

hand explores the practical issues and solutions to the waste management in Philippines

such as the community-based waste segregation and the guidance of R.A. No. 9003. or the

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. Despite these differences, all studies

united for an educational awareness, strict policies and community involvement to

effectively manage the waste management challenges. This reviewed study emphasized

that regardless of location, culture and traditions, sustainable development goals need a

18
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
comprehensive approach that unites education, policies and partnerships for significant

environmental impact.

19
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researchers aim to investigate the effectiveness of recycling programs in

Dalandanan National High School in promoting sustainable practices among students. The

research focuses on exploring the influence of recycling programs on students to take

sustainable practices and is guided by the Theory of Waste Management. To ensure

consistency in data collection methods, researchers chose a case study. This type of study

is often descriptive because it explores and gives information about the topic. Rather than

telling a chronological story, the study focuses on describing students' experiences,

attitudes and opinions about recycling programs and how the programs influence them to

take actions in doing sustainable practices.

Research Locale

This research will be conducted at Dalandanan National High School, a public

institution located in Valenzuela City, Philippines. The school offers junior high school

education for Grades 7 to 10 and senior high school programs. The senior high school

curriculum includes different academic tracks such as Science, Technology, Engineering,

and Mathematics (STEM); Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM); Humanities

and Social Sciences (HUMSS) and General Academic Strand (GAS), they also offers

Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) tracks such as Information and Communications

Technology (ICT) and Home Economics (HE).

20
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
Dalandanan National High School has a dynamic setting enabling this study to

capture a wide range of ideas or perspectives from students across different academic

backgrounds. This will provide a comprehensive perspective and thoughts about the

current state of the school and the possible improvements of environmental education and

sustainable practices.

Sample and Sampling Technique

This study will target the students who have an experience in recycling programs

and initiatives within the school premises. In order to learn their perspectives and

experiences, a group of 30 students will be purposely selected. Group of students who

have recycling initiatives and programs such as the Supreme Student Learner Government

(SSLG), the Yes-O Club officers and members and also the Science Club officers and

members will be selected as the respondents. This is to provide a rich source of

information for a focused examination in the research topic.

Participants will be selected using a purposive sampling technique. This is a non-

probability sampling that selects the students purposely with a standard and specific

characteristics or criteria in picking of respondents from different clubs and organizations

from Grade 7-12 will be the participants in this research. A group of students will be

selected to contribute to depth of understanding insights in recycling programs and the

influence of it to them in promoting and taking sustainable practices.

Instrumentation

The Researchers will employ interviews that consist of 3-5 questions to explore

the influence of recycling programs on promoting sustainable practices among students at

21
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
Dalandanan National High School. The respondents will answer these questions based on

their understanding and perceptions.

Data Gathering Procedure

The data gathering procedure outlines the systematic steps and methods employed

to collect comprehensive and reliable information from participants, ensuring that the

research objectives are effectively addressed. This section details the techniques used,

including interviews and observations, to capture meaningful insights on the influence of

recycling programs on students' sustainable behaviors and attitudes.

1. Researchers secure a permission letter to use when conducting interviews to

the respondents.

2. The researchers will select students from specified clubs and organizations at

Dalandanan National High School to participate.

3. The Researchers will conduct interviews to respondents. They will audio

record the interviews for transcription.

4. The Researcher will accurately transcribe all audio-recorded interviews,

maintaining the original spoken language and ensuring the stability of

arrangement.

5. Store all the collected data (audio recording, surveys, records) securely.

6. Researchers will interpret the answers of the respondents through interviews.

7. The researchers will prepare a research report detailing the findings based on

the analyzed data.

Ethical Considerations

22
 DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
In carrying the data gathering procedure, the researchers made sure that ethical

considerations will be prioritized. Informed consent will be obtained from all respondents

through a detailed briefing and key information about the purpose of the study.

Respondents participation will be entirely voluntary. In order to guarantee anonymity and

Confidentiality, all information will be held and handled with the utmost confidentiality

by not disclosing the names and identity of the research participants in accordance with

RA 10173, generally known as the Data Privacy Act. The researchers will use mixed

methods by the use of semi-interviews and surveys to lessen any potential harm to both

respondents and the researchers, focusing on the topic of waste management and recycling

programs. Lastly, the researchers will ensure the honesty of their work, presenting

accurate results that are based on the students' perceptions, opinions, and attitudes,

without plagiarism or data falsification.

23