CHAPTER THE TIGER KING Chapter Sketch ‘The Tiger King is a sate on the ‘concei of those in power. The slory is ‘a good ma of the supernatural, humour and ony. The Tiger King has een mageal fom his bith His arrogance takes him on a path of festructon of the tiger population. He fs 100 power-drunk to notice the havoc he has created. His subordinates are scared of him and fai to gude him. About the Characters ‘The Maharaja (Tiger King) He is ‘a comical and eccentric character who behaves like an autocrat and hails tigers indiscriminately. The Dewan Tha Tiger King's Chief minister is the comedian in the story who resorted to a falsehood to save his job. ‘The Chief Astrologer / State Astrologer He had deep knowledge in astrology, was | logical, but a litle foolish in redicting people's fate, Kalki About the Author jshnamurthy (1899 ~ 1954), better known by his pen name journalist, poet, critic and Indian independence 6 short stories, 10 novellas, 5 novels, 3 ind hundreds of film and Ramaswamy Aiyer Kri ‘Kalki’, was a Tamil writer, ji activist. His writings include over 12 historical romances, editorial and political writings a music reviews. Summary of the Chapter The Prophecy and Miracle about the Tiger King The Maharaja of Pratibandapuram is known by many names but is often called ‘Tiger King’. The author says that everybody who reads about the Maharaja is tempted to meet him, but unfortunately cannot, because he is already dead. However, his myth continues to fascinate people. When he was born, the astrologers foretold that he would grow up to bea rior of warriors and hero of heroes, but one day he would have to meet his death, At that very moment, a miracle took place. The baby prince, who was only tendays old, began to speak aloud clearly and started questioning the astrologes. The prince first said that it was a commonly known truth that anyone who took bin in this world had to die one day, and no predictions were needed in the matter. He only wanted to know the manner of his death, The chief astrologer told him that because he was born in the hour of the bull, the reason of his death would a tiger The chil was not even seared. In fact, he warned the tigers to best Ll Prince's Childhood and the Killing of the First Tiger he crown prince grew taller and stronger day by da hildhood w uneventful as compared to his birth. Like other princes Oo dare prince a i looked after by an English nanny, curred ilishman and saw nothing but English films English by anos one the Kin a he eX preition slowly ry sat a Killed is fg Hse tee sate atologer, The eet ying that the prophecy yee Tighe ae Brine iets but the hundee oor him. IF the king te Meth tiger, the astrologer vit burn all sen me Tiger Hunt Begins Mahara banned tiger hung tpeamation 28 sued thax fone Mh as 9 one ota tiger, all hee mil be confiscated. The king wre wjetion wrong and vowed to Mvafe Kling a hundred tigers ers on his ised its mark, a tiger leapt upon h ‘heat with his bare hands ete, Juharja who won, > his quest the bullet im and he had to fight Each time, it was the the Maharaja Comes in Danger of Losing hisKingdom, Bribes to Save it Ahigh ranking British officer visited Praibandapuram siha wish to hunt tigers. He was very fond of geting fg pores clicked with his victims. The Maharaja nag rele, He refused permission, He felt that ifhe relente, ober British officers too would turn up with the same rst. Now, he stood in danger of losing his kingdom. After tuny deliberations with his dewan over the issue, they Sane up with a plan. Fifty diamond rings were sent to the ofice’s wife, The Maharaja expected that she would toate one or ro rings, bur the greedy lady kept the whole The bribe cost him three lakh rupees, but his kingdom 5 saved Scheme to Kill the Remaining Tigers i ® Maar’ tiger hunts were vey sucess. tn ets he was able to kil seventy gers Asa re "Population became extinct in Pratibandapurm. Maharaja devised a scheme fr kling he reining He called up the dewan and asked bee with a Wes fa ryal family in any other mai st 4 ig tiger population, The dew followed eee sah the ‘righe gil for him. The Mean lw, He wt each time he visited his fa ‘unfortunately S78 © kill ninerynine ges and then wen nls of his fatherinaw’s Kingdom “only one tiger remained tobe ki ToEscape the Maharaja's Ire, the Dewan ranges the Hundredth Tiger Maharaja was sunk in loom ashe was unable to find pejhsttget Suddenly, there came the neve ee tiger ape? in a hillside village. The Maharaja was so happy at the news that he announced a threeyear fag nPtion from all taxes for that village and set out on the Wunt at once, The tiger, i seemed, kept himself hidden, The Maharaja's fury and obstinacy mounted alarmingly He andor Go thelind tes would be doubled. The devas ied to eng him chat sucha measure could prove w be catastrophic. The Maharaja became mote outraged and asked the deus ‘0 resign. The dewan, to save himself the old tiger th , decided to give up at had been brought from the People’s Patk in Madras and kept hidden in The Last Tiger his house. The dewan and his wife dragged the old and weak tiger to their cat and shoved it into the back seat. After much ‘esistance ftom the tiger, the exhausted dewan was Somehow able to leave the tiger in the forest in which the Maharaja had been hunting ‘The Maharaa was delighted to see the hundredth tiger. He took careful aim and shot a the beast. The tiger fll in ‘crumpled heap. The Mahataa was filled with boundless ovat fuliling his vow. He ordered the tiger tobe brought to the capital in a grand procession. After the Maharaja left, the hunters went to take close look atthe tiger. They were shocked to see thatthe tiger was stl alive. The tiger had actully fainted fom the shock ofthe bllee whist. past him. They decided not to tell the Maharaja that he had missed his target. They feared losing thei obs. So one of the hunters then killed the tiger himself The Prophecy Proves to be True The dead tiger was taken in a procession through the town and buried. A tomb was erected over it. ‘After achieving the feat, the Maharaja turned his attention tohis child. Iewas his third birthday and he wished to give him something special. He went for shopping but couldn't find anything worthy enough. Finally, he spotted a wooden tiger and brought it for his son, The wooden tiger was carved by an unskilled carpenter, Tiny slivers of wood stood up like quills all over it. One of the slivers pierced the Maharaja's tight hand while he was playing with his son, He didn’t mind it and pulled it cout. The next day, infection spread in his hand. In four days, it developed into a sore which spread all over his arm, Three surgeons from Madras operated on him, but were unable to save his life. Thus, the hundredth tiger took its revenge.WORD MEANINGS The given page numbers comrespond to the pages in the NCERT textbook. Pages Page 12 Stuka bomber — A Geman dive-bomber and ground attack boot ‘erat ued in World Wari dural wareatl . - ii) The Maharaja wanted 10 kill tigers specifica because of the predi that he would jg killed by the hundredth tiger. (iv) The proclamation show us that the Maharaj, possessed immense power and the authority Byer the masses, No one disobeyed him for the fear of his anger. 3 The Maharaja and the dewan held deliberations over this issue. As a result, a telegram was despatched forthwith toa famous British company of jewellers in Calcutta. ‘Send samples of expensive diamond rings of different designs’. {i How many rings were received from the company? (a) Thiny (b) Forty (©) Fifty (4) Hundred (i) The synonym of the word ‘deliberation’ is (a) Carelessness (b) Ignorance (c) Discussion (d) Negligence (ii) To whom the rings were gifted? fiv) On which issue Maharaja and the Dewan were tensed? Ans (i) (c) Fifty (ii) (c) Discussion (iil) The rings were gifted to the wife of British officer (iv) The Maharaja and Dewan were tensed because they prevented the British officer from fulfilling his desire and didn’t agree with the British officer's demand. 4 The dewan went home convinced that if the Maharaja didn't find the tiger soon, the results could be catastrophic. He felt life returning 0 him only when he saw the tiger which had been brought from the People’s Park ia ‘Madras and kept hidden in his house. () The phrase ‘uife returning to him’ here means (a) change things in a better way. (b) resurrect things that are inactive. (c) change things as per the situation. (d) None of the above proclamation show Us about the cd by the Maharaja?nthe above extract the synonym o catastrophic i YM of the word (a) Advantageous (b) Fortunate {{ Disastrous (a) Successful gn Whyte ier Was Haden ni hous jg Why ewan Was Worried? soe () (0) Resurrect i) (c) Disastrous i) The tiger Was hidden in the p so that he could full Ring's the hundredth tiger 1) The Dewan was worried bec (se his Job soon, ause he might S that are inactive, ewan’'s house desire to kil 5 Atmidnight when the town slept in peace, the dewan and his aged wife dragged the tiger into the car and shoved it into the seat, ‘The dewan himself drove the car straight tothe forest where the Maharaja was hunting. When they reached the forest, the tiger launched its satyagraha and refused to getout of the car. The dewan was thoroughly exhausted in his efforts to haul the beast out of the car and push it down to the ground. On the following day, the same old tiger wandered into the Maharaja’ presence and stood as if in humble supplication, “Master, what do you command of me?” It was with boundless joy that the Maharaja took careful aim at the beast. The tiger fell in a crumpled heap, CBSE Question Bank 2021, Modified () Pick the option that uses the some figure of speech as ‘town slept in peace’ (a) His actions really flared up my temper, 01 walked out. (b) She is going through a rllercoaster of emotions (c) My alarm clock yells at me every morning Until {get out of bed. (@) The eidren were seaming and shout the fields. Pick the option that best describes the dewan's attitude. gin 1. desperate 2, submissive 3. servile 4.dishonourable 5S detestable 6. flattering (2) 2,3 and6 (b) 1-4 and (2,4 and6 (d) A, 3and 5 (ii) Did the tiger actually die? (ty) What made the dewan and his wife take the tiger Ans to the forest? (1) (c) My alarm clock yells at me every morning until [get out of bed. (ii) (a) 2,3 and 6 (til) No, the tiger did not actually die. It had fainted due to the sound of the bullet. (iv) The fear of losing job and income made the dewan and his wife Lak the tiger to the forest. © SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS Ans Ans Ans Ans Ans What gave the astrologers the greatest surprise of ther life while they were studying the horoscope of the ten-day old prince? Compartment 2014 ‘When the astrologers were studying the horoscope of the prince, the infant prince suddenly began to speak clearly and wisely. This miracle, of the ten-day old prince speaking. gave the astrologers the greatest surprise oftheir life. What made the chief astrologer place his finger ‘on his nose? Foreign 2015 When the baby Maharaja was only ten days old, he opened his lips in speech and raised intelligent questions tothe chief astrologer. He asked him about the manner of his death. This made the chief astrologer place his finger on his nose in wonder. What warning did the astrologer give the Tiger ing when he killed the firs tiger? Did the predictions of the astrologer come to be true? When the Maharaja killed the first tiger, the astrologer warned him again. He told him to be very cautious with the hundredth tiget. Yes, his prediction came true. The Maharaja was not able to kill the hundredth tiger. Why did the Maharaja ban tiger hunting in the state? Delhi 2014 ‘When he killed his first tiger, the astrologer {informed hinn that he would have to kill a Inunded tigers to escape the prophecy. So, the ‘Maharaja banned tiger hunting in the state so that he could kill the required number of tigers. What ted the Maharaja to start out on the tiger hunt? All India 2010 ‘When the Maharaja was born, a prophecy was made that the reason of his death would be a tiger The Maharaja wanted to prove the prediction. wrong. After he killed the first tiger, he astrologer told him that he would have to kill a hundred tigers as the prophecy was that the hundredth tiger would cause his death, So, the Maharaja started out on a tiger hunt to save his life,6 What sort of hunt did the Maharaja offer to ‘orgonise for the high-ranking British officer? What trait of the officer does it reveal? AML India 2018. Ans. When the British official came with a request for a tiger hunt, the Maharaja offered to organise a boar hunt, a mouse hunt, even a mosquito hunt for him, but not a tiger hunt, The Maharaja was then informed that the official would even be happy to simply pose with the tiger's carcass for photograph, while the Maharaja could do the actual killing. This shows the vanity and shallowness of the officer, 7 When was the Tiger King in danger of losing his throne? All India 2016 ‘or When did the Tiger King stand in danger of losing his kingdom? Delhi 2010 Ans The Maharaja had banned the killing of tigers in Pratibandapuram, So he refused to give permission to a British officer for hunting tigers there. Because of this refusal, the king was in danger of losing his throne and kingdom. ‘8 How did the Tiger King manage to retain his ‘kingdom? Foreign 2018 ‘or How did the Maharaja please a high-ranking British officer? ANS The Maharaja did not permit a high-ranking British officer to hunt tigers in his kingdom, due to which he displeased the officer and was in danger of losing his kingdom. To counteract this, he sent the officer's wife a selection of fifty diamond rings, from which she could keep the ‘one she liked. The lady kept all of them, thus pleasing the officer and helping the Maharaja retain his kingdom. 9 Why was the Maharaja sunk in gloom even after having killed seventy tigers? Foreign 2011 Ans The Tiger King’s mission to prove the prophecy wrong that he would be killed by the hundredth tiger was not accomplished because the tiger population became extinct in the forests of Pratibandapuram after he had killed seventy tigers. The Maharaja sank in gloom because the sword of the prophecy still hung over his head. 10 Why was the Maharaja so anxlous to kill the hundredth tiger? All India 2012 Ans The astrologer had foretold that the Maharaja should be wary of the hundredth tiger. Killing the last tiger would mean that he had proved the prophecy wrong and thus saved his life, That is why he was so anxious to kill the hundredth tiger. Ans When the hun the dewar did the Maharaja order Hits Mable the land tx? Allele ng or decide to double men did the Maharaja the fond tox for 2 village? todays dredth tiger was hard to fing er pe hillside village which had reported; vreserto double the land (ax for that village frustration and anger, ‘did the dewan decide to give Up his own Tey ae riled by the Maharaja? Delhi ayy at 1 tiger to be ‘Ans The Maharaja refused to leave the forest unt) fis an jidden. 43 How did the dewan manoge to arrange the hundredth tiger for the Maharaja? Foreign 201452011 ‘Ans ‘The dewan’s tiger was poor and weak. He had brought him from the People’s Park, Madras, to protect it from the Maharaja's gun. At midnight, the dewan and his wife took him to the forest where the Maharaja was hunting and left it there, 14 How did the Tiger King Kill’ the hundredth tiger? Foreign 2015 or Did the Tiger King shoot the hundredth tiger? Give reasons for your answer. Foreign 200 or Who actually killed the hundredth tiger in ‘The Tiger King’ ? Why? All India 2019 Ans When the Tiger King shot at the tiger, the bullet actually missed its target, but the old tiger fainted from the shock of the bullet whizzing past it. So, although the tiger appeared to be dead, it was only unconscious ‘Thus, although the Maharaja thought he had killed the tiger, it was not so. Later on it was Killed by one of the hunters accompanying the Maharaja, 15 How did the Tiger King celebrate his victory over the killing of the hundredth tiger? Dethi 2008 ‘Ans When he thought that he had killed the hundredth tiger, his joy knew no bounds. The clated king returned to his capital and ordered his staff to bring the dead tiger in a grand Procession. The tiger was buried and a tomb Was erected over it.rhe manner of his (the Tiger kin ; Allindi oy HoH did the Tiger King meet his, ert ig ironical about his fate? Allndi i ‘he manner of the Tiger King’s death jg - = matter of extraordinary intrest because ironical that, although he killed 99 te tga harmless wooden to tiger caused his dee tinysiver of Wood on it pctced the Maharajae right hand. It became infected and the Mahe died due to the infection. Thus, his death var destined and he flled to survive the ominous prediction. 47 what considerations influenced the Tier king toget married? Dethi 2018 ar When did the Tiger King decide to gt married? All India 2020 ‘as inorder to defeat the astrologers prophecy, the Maharaja had to kill a hundved tigers, He had already killed seventy tigers and the tiger population in his state neared extinction, For this reason, he wished to marry aga in te royal family ofa state with a rich tiger population, ‘where he would kill the rest of the tigers. ans 48 Do you think an author who includes several instances of satire in a story faces the risk of. being too cynical? Explain, Ans No, Ido not think that the instances of satire in the story face the risk of being too cynical. The satire in the story highlights the realty of the authority and power possessed as wel as misused by influential people. 19 ‘knowing too much of your future is never a good thing.” In light of this quote, examine. how knowing the future paved way for the kings end CHSE Question Bank 2021 Itis truly said that Knowing too much of our future is never a good thing, Ts hasbeen 37 shown in the story of the Tiger Xing’ The Maharaja since his childhood had been ao" his death froma tiger, When he ges 10 know about his deat rom the ran te ahaa 1 a killing spree Uigrs and es nile ett DN escape death and doesnot pay atetion Wound given by the 100th tiget “timately leads to is death 7 Maharaja justified his: ets axim: You may kill even acOW IM ag *efedefence'so there would be 10 ae : killing tigers in se defence:’D0V0" "ight to justify our actions I ths WY gaat laborate, CBSE Question bs based on the Ans tis true that the Maharaja justified his actions based on the maxim: ‘You may kill even a cow in self-defence, so there would be no objection to killing tigers in self-defence.’ However, in the ‘case of Maharaja, self- defence is a fight against fate. Fate had destined for the Maharaja to die through the hands ofa tiger. So, the Maharaja decides to fight it not knowing that he cannot escape it however he may try. In this attempt, he kills many innocent tigers which is not justifiable. @ LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS 1 “inthis manner the hundredth tiger took its ‘final revenge upon the Tiger King.” Comment on this statement with reference to the story. ‘Ans. The Maharaja of Pratibandapuram tried to kill a hundred tigers just to disprove the prophecy ‘made by the astrologers. At the time of his birth, they had predicted that the manner of his death would be connected toa tiger. This made the king go on a tiger killing spree. He was jubilant at killing the hundredth tiger. He never realised that in actuality he had not killed it: it hhad merely fainted, The king had missed bis shot and a hunter later on killed the tiger. After ‘killing’ the hundredth tiger, the king tumed his attention towards his three-year old son. On the occasion of his birthday, he gifted him a wooden tiget While he was playing with the son and the crudely carved toy tiger, a tiny sliver of wood pierced his right hand. The infection spread over his whole arm, He died due to the infection. Thus, the hundredth tiger vindicated the death ofall the tigers and proved the prediction right. 2 The astrologers predict “The child will row up to become the warrior of warriors, hero of heroes, champion of champions In contrast to the above statement, the Tiger Kings death is an anticlimax. Comment. ‘Ans: Whew the Tiger King was bor, the astrologers predicted thatthe Tiger King would be valiant ‘nul courageous but “the child born under this star will oe day have to meet its death.” When the Tiger King grew up and got to know ofthis proplucy he set out on a tiger hunt, From that lay onrards, the tigers in the Kingdom were under threat from the king himself, Just to dlsprove the prophecy and to rove himself erful, the Maharaja started his ruthless slaughter of tigers.The irony was that the Maharaja, who had bravely fought and killed ninety-nine tigers, lost his life because of a wooden inanimate tiger which he had brought as a birthday present for his son. A small splinter of wood from the crude toy injured him and infected his entire arm seh tos untiney death, Thus, the hundredth tiger avenged the death of all the other tigers. It was, undoubtedly, a trick of fate and the crucity of the Maharaja that led to such. an anticlimax. 3. Giving o bribe is on evil practice. How did the Tiger King bribe the British officer to save his kingdom? How do you view this act of his? Delhi 2018 Ans. The Tiger King conferred with the dewan and they decided to gift some diamond rings to the British officer's wife. so that the king may not lose his kingdom, Although they sent the lady 50 rings 40 choose one or two from them, she kept all the sings for herself. Thus the bribe was effective and his kingdom was saved, though at a high cost. However. the king’s action was an evil practice and morally wrong. But then, even the killing of ‘$0 many tigers was also morally wrong, besides disturbing the ecology of the region. Even the action of the Tiger King in marrying the daughter of a king having a kingdom with a large tiger population made a mockery of the institution of marriage. Thus the Tiger King took many evil actions just to prove the prophecy wrong, but he still failed to do so, dying in the process 4 Even today so mony among us believe in superstitions. An astrologer predicted about The Tiger King’ that he would be killed by a tiger, He ‘tilled’ one hundred tigers yet was himself tilled’ by a tiger. How did the superstitious belief prevail? AN India 2015 Ans The prediction of the astrologer prevailed because actually the Tiger King had not ‘killed’ the hundredth tiger - the old tiger had only fainted due to the bullet passing close to him. The tiger was subsequently killed by a hunter accompanying the king, so that the king would not find out about his bullet missing the tiger. This made the king believe that the prophecy Was negated. Thus he did not try to find another ger to kill. Subsequently, a sliver of wood trom the wooden toy tiger, bought as a toy for his son, pierced his finger, which became septic and caused his death despite the king being operated upon. Thus the superstitious belief prevailed, as the wooden tger was the hundredth tiger which caused his death, i dred 5 Why did the Tiger King decide to killa hun tease Describe the efforts he made to attain his target. All India 2020 Ans. The Tiger King decided to kill a hundred tiger beeause there was a prophecy according to Which he would be killed by the 100th tiger. He, then, spent a significant time and made numerous efforts to fulfil his target of killing a hundred tigers. He stayed in the forest for many days. He fired many of his officers for not getting him tigers to kill. The Tiger King even married a girl from another kingdom which had a large tiger population, when the tiger population become extinct in his own kingdom. The Tiger King also banned tiger hunting in his state, and did not permit a high-ranking British officer who visited Pratibandapuram to shoot tigers, as he feared that other British officers would turn up for similar expeditions. Later, he realised the danger to his throne and had to spend a sum of three lakh rupees to impress the British officer's wife and discourage him from killing tigers. All these efforts were made to fulfil his target of killing a hundred tigers 6 Imagine you are an ardent environmentalist who is involved in the Save the Tiger campaign. You have been asked to deliver a speech in a seminar related to your campaign and the need for the youth to be Wolved in such campaigns. Draft your speech. CBSE Question Bank 2021 Ans Good morning! My dear companions, 1 stand before you to speak on the topic — Save Tiger. Perhaps the most beautiful of God’s creations are the birds and animals of the world. And among the most ferocious of these, is the proud tiger, Zigers have become a very important topic of interest and issue all over the world presently India is the home of major wild tigers about 20 of the world population. Their reducing ‘humber has triggered the government authorities (0 awaken and take observe, While the governient is already taking projects to breverve the tiger, there is something that we 5 the typical public to have to do, The first thing what we can do is create eyeehess among people. And, this program is even more essential when the focus Is te reserve the tigers. We can increase the auction to “Save Tigers” by creating leaflets, ads, advertising the cause on i fs adverts internet websitesSeconully, to preserve the tigers we must stop the poaching. Even when the government has banned of tiger’s skin and bodies, poaching, 1, is still prevalent, Thirdly, It’s been found that our jungles arc getting destroyed and that could bea significant cause why creatures like tigers are disappearing, Today, tigers don’t have a proper ecosystem to develop and generate. So, protecting jungles is the next important phase. It is not possible to plant a forest but yes you can plant many trees. y. We have to support the government in its projects for the protection of the tigers so that a healthy population of the tigers exists. We should know that when we ask something from nature, we ‘must be ready to give something back. If nature is, le for our existence, we must take ility for its existence. Thank you. SELF ASSESSMENT @ MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. How the writer has proved the futility of king's desire? (a) By showing him a victim of a toy tiger (b) By showing him as a powerful king (c) By making him kill 99 tigers (a) Allof the above 2. What shows the false ego of the Tiger King? {a) His orders from time to time. (b) His desire to marry. {c) His killing of tigers and showing no concern towards nature. (4) Allof the above @ EXTRACT BASED QUESTION Read the extract given below and answer the following questions by choosing the correct option. 4, He wished to give him some special gift on his birthday. He went to the shopping centre in Pratibandpuram and searched every shop, but couldn't find anything suitable. Finally, he spotted a wooden tiger in a toyshop and decided it was the perfect gift. (i) For whom the gift was bought? {a) Dewan’s son (b) King’s son (c) British officer’s son {d) None of these (il) The wooden tiger costs aveut badd Cenc beait (d) Ten annas (c) Five annas (ili) Why Tiger King wished to give a special gift? (iv) Why did the Tiger King consider a toy tiger as the perfect gift? © SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS Answer the following questions in 40-50 words. 41 What was the prophecy made at the Tiger King’s birth? 2 What anecdote is reloted to the Tiger King's birth? 3. Was the Maharaja's bid to save his kingdom successful? How? 4 What was the real purpose of the Maharaja's marriage? 5. How did the Tiger King celebrate his victory over the killing of the hundredth tiger? What is the significance of the toy tiger in the story? Describe the upbringing of the royal infant. What did the state astrologer say when the king killed his first tiger? Why did the Maharaja's hunter shoot the hundredth tiger? © LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS Answer the following questions in 120-150 words. 11 What actions taken by the Meharoja to escape the prophecy show his desperation? 2 Attempt a character sketch of the Tiger King. 3 “Even though the Maharaja lost 83 lakh, he was still happy’. Justify the statement, eu)8 2.