Islamiat 23/24 Section C

The pillars of Islam and living a Muslims life in a modern world.

3.1 Shahadah
* The nature and Role of Shahadah for Muslims and the importance of its recitation.
* How the Shahadah is used in practice.

a) Identify one occasion when a Muslim recites Shahada

When a child is born.

b) Describe the impact of Shahadah in a Muslims life

Shahadah or oneness of Allah and believing in the prophet hood of Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬is the
fundamental teaching of Islam and the primary requirement to be a Muslim. It holds
significant importance in the life of a Muslim as it affirms the oneness of Allah and
emphasises that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah. The Shahadah tells that
Muslims must strive to live in accordance with the teachings of Islam, contained in the Holy
Quran and examples from the life of the Prophet (‫ﷺ‬.) It is recited in various Islamic rituals
and acts of worship, such as the daily five prayers, the call to the prayers and other religious
ceremonies. It guides Muslims for their moral conduct and teaches them their purpose in life.

b2) Describe the consequences of not following Shahadah

Shahadah or the declaration of faith is a fundamental belief and the essential requirement to
be a Muslim. Failure to follow the Shahadah can have significant consequences in Islamic
beliefs, most importantly it means not embracing the central belief in the oneness of Allah
and the Prophet hood of Muhammad (‫ﷺ‬.) Shahadah is the entry point into the Muslim
community, neglecting the Shahadah may result in expulsion from Islam and missing out the
guidance provided by the Prophet Muhammad (‫ﷺ‬.) In the absence of Shahadah all the
actions will be considered meaningless as without this no one can claim him or herself as a
Muslim.

c) Explain the importance of Shahadah in Islam

Shahadah is the first pillar of Islam. It is considered the foundation of Islamic belief system
as it sums up what a Muslim should believe in and supports the other four pillars as well.

Shahada serves as the basic creed of Islam and helps in shaping a Muslim’s actions and
conduct. It reinforces the understanding that life on this Earth is a test and the Shahadah is a
guide for passing this test successfully.

Shahadah is recited multiple times in the daily prayers. It is a constant reminder of the
central beliefs of Islam and reinforces the connection between the worshipper and Allah. It
influences a Muslim’s belief, actions and identity, playing an important role in shaping
individuals life and the collective identity of the global Muslim community.
Al Quran 3.1 (3:18/19)
Allah witnesses that there is no deity except Him, and [so do] the angels and those of
knowledge – [that He is] maintaining [creation] in justice. There is no deity except
Him, the Exalted in Might, the Wise. Indeed, the religion in the sight of Allah is Islam.
And those who were given the Scripture did not differ except after knowledge had
come to them – out of jealous animosity between themselves. And whoever
disbelieves in the verses of Allah, then indeed, Allah is swift in [taking] account.
[Qur’an 3: 18–19]

(d) ‘The Shahadah contains all the important beliefs of Islam.’

Assess this statement. You should refer to the significance of this passage from the
Qur’an provided, using your own or others’ views to support your answer.

The given statement refers to the first pillar of Islam and the basic article of faith Shahadah,
which contains all the important beliefs in Islam, as it sums up the two key Islamic beliefs of
the oneness of Allah and the Prophethood of Muhammad (SAW). From these come all other
Islamic beliefs. Believing in the oneness of Allah and His messenger Muhammad (SAW),
means to accept the Quran as the Word of Allah, and the Sunnah of the Prophet. Islam is
the only religion that is recognised by Allah as fulfilling his will as described in Surah 3.

In Islam there are no ‘Rites of Passage’ ceremonies such as baptism or Bar Mitzvah to make
a person a Muslim. This is where the Shahadah is of crucial importance. By reciting the
Shahada in front of Muslim witnesses a person becomes a Muslim. This is fulfilling the will of
Allah and the intention of the Prophet to bring the message of Islam to all peoples, and the
understanding that there is no deity but Allah, and He alone brings justice to creation as is
taught in Surah 3.

Although Shahadah is a very important belief in Islam, it is only one of the beliefs of Islam,
which are all of importance. This is in addition to the importance of belief in the Sunnah,
which makes the teaching of the Quran fully understood to humans. Because Muhammad
(SAW) is the final prophet, Muslims should consider the Quran, supported by the Sunnah, to
be the perfect revelation of Allah. Through the belief in the Quran and the Prophet all
Muslims are given clear guidance on how to enter paradise.

3.2 Salah
* • Nature and importance of Salah in the life of a Muslim
* Performance of Salah
* Salah in the home, Mosque, and the Friday prayer

a) Give one teaching of the Prophet SAW about the second pillar of Islam.

The Prophet SAW has said, “Prayer is the key to Paradise”.

a2) Give one reason why Salah is made obligatory five times a day especially when
people have busy lives.
According to the Holy Quran, the purpose of prayer is remembrance of God; it is through
prayer that the worshipper remains connected with his Lord.

a3) Identify one action of Wudu.

Washing hands up till the elbows, thrice.

b) Describe the actions of one unit of Salah.

After the words of intention, a worshipper says Takbeer or “Allah-hu-Akbar” after which he
recites Sanah, Tauz, Tasmiyah , Surah Fatiha is recited which is called Qirat , followed by
any other Surah of the Holy Quran. This standing position is called Qiyam, a believer then
bends down on his knees for ruku, stands upand then goes down for the performance of
Sadjah, which marks the end of the first unit of Salah.

b2) Describe the importance of Salah in a Muslim’s life.

Salah is the second pillar of Islam, mentioned at about 67 places in the Holy Quran. It
symbolises the acknowledgement of Allah’s sovereignty and the individual’s willingness to
obey his commands. Salah is a direct means of communication with Allah, it serves as a
time when Muslims can connect with their creator, seek guidance, express gratitude and ask
for forgiveness. Salah establishes a routine in the daily life of a Muslim, the prescribed
prayer times foster discipline and a sense of order. Salah is not limited to certain occasions
or life events; it is a continuous practice that remains consistent in the times of joy, sorrow,
success and hardship. It is a daily reminder of the purpose of life and the ultimate goal.

b3) Describe how Muslims pray in a mosque

Muslims offer prayer in a mosque in congregation under the leadership of an Imam. Before
entering the mosque the worshippers purify themselves by performing wudu. They stand in
straight rows facing the direction of qibla in Makkah. The prayer starts with the opening
takbir, where everyone says “Allah-u-Akbar” while raising both hands to the ears. This marks
the beginning of the prayer. Throughout the prayer, the Imam leads the congregation by
reciting aloud in the Fajr and Maghrib and silently in the Zohr, Asr and Isha prayers.
According to the Holy Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬offering prayer in congregation carries 27 times more
reward than offering the prayer individually.

b4) Describe how Muslims offers salah Salah.

As soon as a believer hears the call for the prayer they must start preparing themselves for
the performance of prayer. Wudu or ablution is the primary requirement for the prayer; it
must be performed in the prescribed way by washing the face up to the forehead, hands and
arms up till elbows, rubbing of head with wet fingers and washing the feet thrice up till the
ankles. In case of sickness or non availability of water, dry wudu or Tayamum could be
performed. After attaining purification, the believers should stand on the prayer mat with
clean clothes and the worship place, facing the direction of qibla in Makkah. They perform a
number of prayerful movements ,reciting passages from the Qur’an and prescribed
prayers , and enter into a conscious communication with Allah .
b5) Describe the features of Friday prayers.

Friday prayer refers to the congregational worship on Friday, and it takes the place of Zuhr
prayer. Two Farz of Friday prayer are prayed in place of four Farz of Zuhr. It is compulsory
upon every male resident Muslim. Women, children, travellers, insane, very sick and old
people who cannot walk to the mosque and slaves are exempted from the performance of
Friday prayer, however, all these will offer normal Zuhr prayer. Friday prayer cannot be
performed as Qaza. Two adhans and a sermon or “Khutba” delivered by an Imam, is among
the compulsory features of Friday prayer.

c) Explain the importance of Friday congregational prayer.

The Friday congregational prayer, known as Salah-al-Jumah is a significant and obligatory

weekly prayer in Islam. It is obligatory for adult Muslim men, and is one of the key pillars of
Islam. It is mentioned in the Quran in Surah Al-Jumah where believers are commanded to
leave off trade and hasten to the remembrance of Allah.

The Friday sermon delivered by the Imam addresses the congregation, providing guidance,
reminders and teachings from the Quran and Sunnah. Friday is considered a day of
gathering and communal worship. Muslims demonstrate their commitment to their faith and
their connection to the broader muslim community. According to the Prophet SAW, Friday is
a blessed day and the “best day of the week.” Muslims believe that attending the Friday
prayer brings spiritual rewards and blessings. Sending the Durood on the Prophet SAW and
reading Chapter 18-Surah Kahf on Friday carries great rewards.

Participating in Jummah prayer allows Muslims to dedicate time to the remembrance of

Allah. It serves as a weekly reminder of the ultimate purpose of life and the importance of
submitting to the will of Allah. It reinforces the sense of unity, offers guidance of righteous
living and is a visible manifestation of the strength of the Muslim community.

d) Al-Quran

“O you who have believed, when [the adhan] is called for the prayer on the day of
Jumu’ah [Friday], then proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade. That is
better for you, if you only knew. And when the prayer has been concluded, disperse
within the land and seek from the bounty of Allah, and remember Allah often that you
may succeed. But when they saw a transaction or a diversion, [O Muhammad], they
rushed to it and left you standing. Say, “What is with Allah is better than diversion
and than a transaction, and Allah is the best of providers.” [Qur’an 62: 9–11]

‘Performing Salah is the most important obligation of Islam.’ Assess this statement.

You should refer to the significance of this passage from the Qur’an provided, using your
own or others’ views to support your answer.
The given statement refers to the importance of Salah, which is a pillar of Islam performed
five times a day. It was performed by the Prophet and so Muslims are following his example
when they pray, which reminds them of the importance of living a good life. By focusing each
day on Salah, Muslims are reminded of the importance of putting Allah above all things. All
good Muslims must live a prayer-centred life, even at the expense of work, to please Allah
and enter paradise (Jannah) as Surah 62 teaches.

Salah also reminds Muslims of the fundamentals of Islam: submission and peace. The
discipline that is created through Salah is a constant reminder of the need to put Islam at the
centre of a Muslim’s heart. This ensures that they are following the command that all
Muslims must pray, which is given in the Qur’an, and that through the act of prayer Muslims
have their sins forgiven. By doing this Allah will reward them and take care of them in their
lives, as described in Surah 62.

Although Salah is an important obligation of Islam, and through prayer Muslims are
connected to Allah, society has changed since the time of the Prophet and praying five times
a day is no longer practical for some Muslims due to work commitments. Some Muslims may
say that Shahadah is the foundation of Islam and therefore reciting it is the most important
obligation of Islam. All the obligations are important in their own way as each is created to
ensure that a Muslim can be raised up on the Last Day and be judged by Allah who will see
their deeds and allow them to enter paradise (Jannah).

3.3 Sawm/ Fasting

* The nature, role, significance, and purpose of fasting during Ramadan.

* Exemptions from Fasting.
* Importance of Layla-Tul-Qadr For Muslims Today.

a) Identify one action that Mulsims cannot do when Fasting.

A Muslim cannot eat.

a2) Identify one category of Mulsims exempted from fasting.

A traveller is exempt from fasting, and the very sick are also exempt.

a3) Give one action performed by Muslims when Fasting.

Eating Iftar.

b) Describe the actions that can invalidate a fast.

The actions that may invalidate a fast are eating and drinking, smoking, taking or injecting
medicines, deliberately vomiting, but if a person eats or drinks due to forgetfulness then the
fast is not broken. The use of perfume, oiling the hair, using kohl, use of toothbrush
(carefully) does not break a fast.
b2) Describe the categories on who fasting is compulsory

Fasting is obligatory upon every healthy adult Muslim, male or female. Those exempted are
the Muslims who are sick, travellers, menstruating women and those with post childbirth
bleeding. However, they will complete the number of missed fasts after the month of
ramadan. Very old and permanently sick people may skip fasting but they have to feed a
needy person twice a day or should pay the amount of fidya for each missed fast.

b3) Describe how fasting helps a Muslim to bring change in his personal
development.

Fasting during the month of Ramadan is a significant religious practice for Muslims, and is
believed to contribute to personal development in various ways. It is a deep spiritual practice
in Islam that allow Muslims to strengthen their relationship with Allah, increase their devotion
and enhance their sense of spirituality. The act of abstaining from food and drink serves as a
constant reminder of one's dependance on Allah, and the importance of self-discipline.
Ramadan is an opportunity for Muslims to break negative habits and develop the positive
ones. Muslims remain engaged in increased prayers and spiritual activities during fasting.
This spiritual connection with Allah often extends beyond Ramadan, influencing daily habits
and promoting a more balanced and purposeful life.

c) Explain the importance of fasting in Islam

Fasting holds great significance in Islam and is considered one of the five pillars of Islam.
Fasting during the month of Ramadan is a form of worship and obedience to Allah. Muslims
abstain from food, drink and other physical needs from dawn to dusk as an act of devotion,
demonstrating their submission to Allah’s commands.

Fasting is seen as a way to purify the soul and attain spiritual closeness to Allah. By
abstaining from physical needs, Muslims focus on spiritual activities such as prayer,
recitation of the Quran and acts of kindness. It is the month of Quran, as the holy Quran was
revealed during this month. Muslims believe that sincere fasting, along with repentance and
good deeds can lead to the forgiveness of past sins. The last ten days of Ramadan,
particularly Laylat - ul - Qadr are believed to be especially important for seeking Allah's
mercy and forgiveness.

The collective experience of fasting during Ramadan strengthens the sense of community
among Muslims. Shared iftar (breaking the fast) meals, communal prayers and the mutual
support during this month creates a sense of unity and brotherhood among the community.

c2) Explain how Muslims fast during the month of Ramadan

Fasting starts with the sighting of the moon of Ramadan and is terminated with the start of
the month of Shawwal. Muslims get up early in the morning before dawn, and eat a meal
called “suhoor” which according to the Prophet Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬is a blessing to eat.
 At the time of azan of fajr, Muslims stop eating or drinking and make an intention for fasting.
The duration of fast is from dawn to dusk and during this period, Muslims cannot eat, drink,
smoke, indulge in sexual activities and also avoid hearing, seeing or doing any evil act.

At sunset, the fast is to be broken preferably with a date, salt or water. After the Isha prayer,
taraweeh prayer is offered, minimum 8 rakhaahs and maximum 20. During the last 10 days
of Ramadan another practice of this month that takes place is “itekaf.” Which is to sit in
seclusion for 10 days, men sit in nearby mosques and women may sit in their homes for the
remembrance of Allah. The minimum duration for itekaf is three days and at some places
even 24 hours is suggested. Before the end of ramadan Muslims pay Sadqat - ul - fitr to help
poor Muslims so that they may also enjoy the festivities of eid.

d) O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon
those before you that you may become righteous –

[Fasting for] a limited number of days. So whoever among you is ill or on a journey
[during them] – then an equal number of days [are to be made up]. And upon those
who are able [to fast, but with hardship] – a ransom [as substitute] of feeding a poor
person [each day]. And whoever volunteers excess – it is better for him. But to fast is
best for you, if you only knew.

The month of Ramadan [is that] in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for the
people and clear proofs of guidance and criterion. So whoever sights [the new moon
of] the month, let him fast it; and whoever is ill or on a journey – then an equal
number of other days. Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you
hardship and [wants] for you to complete the period and to glorify Allah for that [to]
which He has guided you; and perhaps you will be grateful. [Qur’an 2: 183–185]

‘To live a good life every Muslim should fast.’

Assess this statement. You should refer to the significance of this passage from the
Qur’an provided, using your own or others’ views to support your answer.

The given statement refers to fasting or Sawm, which is the Fourth Pillar of Islam and is
something that is required of all adult Muslims during the month of Ramadan. The Qur’an
commands Muslims and fasting is seen as an act of obedience. Fasting requires Muslims to
demonstrate self-control which is of the highest importance to Muslims. Surah 2 suggests
that by avoiding temptation and fasting Muslims can journey deeper into their faith and be
blessed by Allah for glorifying His name.

After the revelation of Surah 2 Muhammad (‫)ﷺ‬, for the first time, fasted during the month of
Ramadan. There are many Sunnah on fasting and following the example of the Prophet is
what Muslims must do. Fasting during Ramadan is a way of thanking Allah for the Qur’an.
Muslims see fasting during Ramadan as a way of spiritually recharging, but also that Allah
understands the struggle of the fast and would not ask of a Muslim anything they could not
achieve, as He reveals in Surah 2.
Fasting is something that existed before the time of the Prophet, but through the Qur’an and
his example he has given clear instruction on the importance of fasting for Muslims.
However, the Prophet also understood that fasting may be difficult for some and in its place
feeding a poor person would be an acceptable substitute. Similarly, it can be difficult for
Muslims to fast in countries in the northern hemisphere as the long hours may damage their
health and affect their work performance.

3.4 Zakat and khums

Contents
● The nature and purpose of zakat and khums
● Importance
● The global importance of giving support to those in need

Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam made obligatory upon muslims in 2 AH. It is a form of
obligatory charity that has the potential to ease the suffering of millions. With the literal
meaning of the word being “to cleanse,” Muslims believe that paying zakat increases and
blesses the remainder of their wealth. Its importance can be realized from the fact that in 82
verses of the Holy Quran, the word zakat occurs.
Any muslim in possession of money, gold, silver stalks or shares that amount to more than
the value of 7.5 taulas of gold, 52.5 taulas of silver should pay zakat at the rate of 2.5%. By
giving zakat, a person shows his obedience to Allah which brings him prosperity in both, this
world and the hereafter. Zakat is not a voluntary charity or tax, rather it is an obligation as it
is one of the five pillars of Islam. By giving zakat, a muslim acknowledges that everything
belongs to Allah and we should use it to remember those who are in need.

3.4 Zakat and Khums

* The nature and purpose of Zakat and Khums.
* The importance of Zakat and Khums for Muslims.
* The global importance of giving support to those in need.

a) Identify one recipient of Zakat

Newly converted Muslims who are needy, or travellers who are in a foreign land
without money.

a2) Give two ways that zakat can be used.

Zakat can be used to help the poor Muslims and to take part in welfare projects
of the community.

a3) Identify one non recipient of Zakat

Parents and children

b) Describe what Muslims believe about giving of Zakat?

Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam made obligatory in Second AH upon rich
Muslims at the rate of 2.5% once in a year given to the poor and needy Muslims.
Zakat has to be paid from the wealth which remains unutilised through the year.
According to the Holy Quran, payment of Zakat is a way to glorify one's wealth
as it purifies the heart of the giver from the greed of this world. It is the
backbone of Islamic economic system, meant to provide the basic necessities to
the less fortunate ones. Zakat is a Muslims duty to support the less fortunate
through their donation, the giving of zakat also reflects obedience to Allah and
understanding that everything comes from Allah.

b2) Describe the categories to whom zakat could be and could not be
paid

According to the Holy Quran (9:60) there are 8 categories on which zakat must
be spent and similarly those who cannot receive the payment of zakat. According
to Islam Zakat can not be given to non Muslims, parents, grandparents or one's
children and grandchildren. A husband and wife can not give zakat to each other
and to the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad ( ‫ﷺ‬.) It can also not be given
to such institutions or organisations which do not give the rightful possession of
zakat to the recipient. But instead, use Zakat funds for construction, investment
or salaries. However, the modern scholars have decided through Ijma that the
organisations who work for the benefit of common people can receive zakat.

b3) Describe what is meant by Nisab

Nisab refers to the minimum amount of wealth or assets that a Muslim must
possess before they become liable to pay zakat. The determination of Nisab is
based on the value of certain assets such as gold and silver such as gold, cash
and trade goods. The value of which is calculated based on the current market
price. If a person's wealth exceeds the Nisab threshold after deducting their
debts and necessary expenses are required to pay zakat at the rate of 2.5%.
Nisab serves as a guideline so that zakat could be paid by those who are
financially capable and exempting those who possess wealth below the specified
threshold.

b5) Describe what is Khums

Khums is another Islamic tax mentioned in the Quran,it means one fifth or 20%
of wealth or assets . Shia Muslims practice this as a part of a branch of religion.
One fifth of the tax is paid upon an individual’s annual surplus income. Shia
Muslims pay this tax because the Quran say,“One fifth of it is for Allah, for the
Messenger, for the near relative”. The money is split between charities that
support Islamic education and anyone who is the descendent of the Prophet SAW
and is in need.
c) Explain why the payment of Khums is Important for Muslims

The payment of Khums is Important because it is commanded in the Quran and it

is a duty for Muslims. The payment of Khums provides security for the poor,
homeless and orphans. It is the way in which Allah SWT want Muslims to act, that
the rich Muslims should be compassionate and responsible to the poor Muslims.

Payment of Khums ensures that the descendants of the Prophet SAW are
properly being cared for, it also makes sure that religious leaders are provided
for their needs and are independent of state control which helps to create a fair
and just Islamic society.

Paying Khums not only benefits those who receive the material benefits that
these donations provide but they are also rewarded, those who give these
donations. By helping those who are most in need, the sins of a Muslim are
forgiven and it is a part of Allah SWT’s plan to redistribute wealth from the rich to
the poor.

c2) Explain why giving Zakat is Important for Muslims?

Zakat is one of the Pillars of Islam made obligatory upon Muslims in 2nd AH. It is
a mandatory practice of Islam and the purpose of it is to remind Muslims that
extra wealth can distract them from their faith, hence those Muslim brothers in
need must be helped through it at the rate of 2.5%.

Paying Zakat is Important as it ensures that poor are properly cared for. It is also
important to ensure that a fair and just Islamic society is created for all as it
provides security for the poor, the homeless and the orphans.

Zakat not only benefits those who receive the material benefits provided through
these donations, but also the givers. By helping those who are most in need
Allah SWT will bless their actions and according to the Holy Quran their wealth
will be increased and purified.

And among them are some who criticize you concerning the
[distribution of] charities. If they are given from them, they approve;
but if they are not given from them, at once they become angry. If only
they had been satisfied with what Allah and His Messenger gave them
and said, “Sufficient for us is Allah; Allah will give us of His bounty, and
[so will] His Messenger; indeed, we are desirous toward Allah,” [it
would have been better for them]. Zakah expenditures are only for the
poor and for the needy and for those employed to collect [Zakah] and
for bringing hearts together [for Islam] and for freeing captives [or
slaves] and for those in debt and for the cause of Allah and for the
[stranded] traveller – an obligation [imposed] by Allah. And Allah is
Knowing and Wise. [Qur’an 9: 58–60]
d) ‘Supporting those in need around the world is the most important
charitable work for Muslims today.’

Assess this statement. You should refer to the significance of this passage from
the Qur’an provided, using your own or others’ views to support your answer.

The given statement is referring to zakat. Giving Zakah is an obligation in Islam.

In Surah 9 it states it is an obligation imposed by Allah to help those in need. By
paying Zakah Muslims are submitting to Allah’s will and helping their fellow
Muslim as Allah commanded. It also reminds Muslims that wealth can be evil if
misused and paying Zakah purifies the wealth that they keep. They do this by
trying to lift people out of poverty and give them their dignity. There can be no
more important task than this.

Paying Khums is a way of supporting those in poverty and who are in need of this
special assistance. Khums require that a fifth of a person’s wealth is given to
Allah and 50% of this is given to the religious to support their work. The paying
of Khums is made to ensure that society looks after the most vulnerable such as
orphans, the poor and the homeless. Just as Zakah is commanded by Allah, many
believe that Khums is also commanded. It has the same intention which is to
seek an end to global injustice. As it states in Surah 9 ‘It is an obligation by Allah.
And Allah is knowing and wise.’

Although supporting those in need is very important to Muslims, for by doing so

it will enable more people to focus on their religious life, some Muslims would say
it is not the most important task for Muslims today. Prayer life is more important.
By improving their prayer life Allah will bless a Muslim for their reliance on Him.
For this reliance they will receive special blessings. To live in such a way and rely
on Allah has to be the most important objective for all Muslims as this is
submission to His will.

3.5 Hajj
* The nature, role, origins and significance of Hajj
* The key actions performed during Hajj and their importance
* The benefits and challenges of attending Hajj for Muslims
* Exemptions from the performance of Hajj.

a) Identify one thing that happens at Hajj

Stay at Mina.

a2) Give two conditions for when a Muslim can go for Hajj
A Muslim can go for Hajj if he has enough wealth to bear the journey expenses to
Saudi Arabia and is physically and mentally healthy to perform the rituals of Hajj.

a3) Give two things a person wearing an Ihram can not do

A pilgrim during the state of Ihram can not take a bath, use perfume or even a
perfume soap and can not keep marital relations.

b) Describe what happens in Makkah

Makkah is the holiest place for Muslims around the world. During the Hajj
pilgrimage and Umrah, many significant events and rituals take place. After
wearing Ihram, upon entering the mosque of Kabbah a pilgrim performs Tawaf
which is going round the Holy Kabbah 7 times in a counter clockwise direction,
expressing their devotion to Allah. Two rakat of nafl prayer are offered at the
station of Ibrahim and then sai is performed which involves walking seven times
between the hills of Safa and Marwa. The nights of 8 th,11th and 12th are spent in
Mina. The day of 9th Zil Hajj is the main day of Hajj, is spent in Arafat and the
night of 10th Zil Hajj is spent at Muzdalifa. On 10th, 11th and 12th of Zil Hajj
pilgrims perform the ritual of Rami - Al - Jamrat or stoning of the devil and after
that animal sacrifice is performed. After that pilgrims return to Makkah to
perform Tawaf - Al - Ifadah and before leaving Makkah pilgrims perform the final
Tawaf known as Tawaf - Al - Vida or the farewell Tawaf.

b2) Describe what happens in Arafat

The day of Arafat 9th of Zil Hajj is the main component of Hajj. It is called Waquf
- Al - Arfat. Pilgrims listen to Hajj sermons and offer two prayers Zohr and Asr
which are shortened and combined. Which is called Jama - Bain - Al - Salatin. Till
sunset they remain in Arfat. Some try to remain near the mount of mercy or Jabal
- Rahma located in Arafat. The whole day is spent in seeking the forgiveness of
Allah. After sunset without offering Maghrib prayer, pilgrims leave Arfat for
Muzdalifah.

b3) Describe what happens at Mina

Mina is a place near Makkah at about a distance of 6-7 kilometres from Makkah.
Pilgrims reach there on the 8th of Zil Hajj and stay for the nights of 8th, 10th,
11th, and 12th. Mina turns into a tent city during the Hajj season. There are
three pillars built in Mina called “Jamarat.” These pillars are built at the places
where the satan tried to misguide Prophet Ibrahim (A.S) when he was taking his
son Ismaeel to sacrifice in the way of Allah. Allah replaced Ismaeel with a sheep
and in its remembrance Muslims perform “Rami” which is throwing pebbles at
the pillars and also perform sacrifice of either a goat, cow or a camel. After
sacrifice male pilgrims perform “Hallaq” or “Qasr” which is the shaving of head
or cutting some part of their hair. For female pilgrims they just have to cut a lock
of their hair by their Mahram accompanying them.
b4) Describe why the water of ZamZam is important for Muslims

ZamZam is the Holy water which has great significance in Islam. It is the
miraculous water which gushed out by the rubbing of the feet of baby Ismaeel.
Drinking ZamZam is one of the essential components of Hajj and Umrah. The
prophet Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬use to drink ZamZam while standing out of respect for
this water. Muslims not only drink this water but also give this in plenty to their
family and friends. According to the Prophet Muhammad ( ‫ﷺ‬,) the water of
ZamZam is a healer for all diseases.

c) Explain the importance of Eid-ul-Hajj

Eid-ul-Hajj or Eid-ul-Adha is another important festival in the Muslim calendar. It

is the celebration of sacrifice during which Muslims remember the spirit of
Prophet Ibrahim AS, and how he was willing to sacrifice the person he loved
most, his son, because it was Allah’s command which he had to obey no matter
what.

Muslims celebrate this day by slaughtering animals (goats, cows, sheep or

camels) which remind them that life is sacred and nothing is more important
than pleasing Allah. The meat of the sacrificed animals is distributed among
families, ⅓rd is for the relatives and friends, one for the family itself and the
other third is donated to the poor and needy. This act of giving symbolises the
willingness to give up things that are of benefit to us and close to our hearts.

Eid-ul-Hajj ends the period of Hajj, every year, millions of people go to Mecca and
perform the pilgrimage together. To actually be so near to the Kaaba is to be
closest to Allah which is entirely an experience out of this world. Celebrating Eid
together and helping the poor strengthens the ties of friendship and helps those
who are in need. It teaches that all blessings are from Allah and one should open
their heart and share with others for the sake of God.
c Explain why performing Hajj is important for many Muslims.

Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam and all Muslims (if possible) are required to attend Hajj at least
once in their lifetime . If Muslims do this, they can die happy as they have followed the
example and actions of the Prophet in the very places the Prophet himself performed them .
• Hajj shows devotion to Allah by fulfilling this expensive, for many, pilgrimage . It is the
holiest event in Islam and it is here that a pilgrim gets as close to Allah as possible in this
life. Praying on Hajj is something that connects all pilgrims at the same time to Allah .
• On their return from Hajj, pilgrims can be called Hajji which is seen as a title of honour
among Muslims . Muslims are then held in high regard in their local community for making
the Hajj and now realise that because of the pilgrimage their sins are forgiven, so they must
strive to live as a perfect Muslim .

c2) Explain the method of Hajj

Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam, performed once in a year in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
from eighth to twelfth of Zil-Hajj. Pilgrims wear Ihram, after performing Fajr
prayer at Mecca, they leave for Mina and offer Zohr, Asr, Maghrib and Isha
prayer.

On the ninth of Zil-Hajj, after offering Fajr at Mina, pilgrims leave for Arafat, to
perform Waquf-e-Arafat, which according to the Prophet SAW, is the main
component of Hajj. In Arafat they offer Zuhr and Asr shortened and combined,
and after sunset, without offering Maghrib prayer, pilgrims leave for Muzdalifa,
where they offer Maghrib and Isha prayer combined. The night is spent at
Muzdalifa and 49 pebbles are collected by every pilgrim for Rami.

After the Fajr prayer of tenth Zil-Hajj, pilgrims leave Muzdalifa for Mina where
they perform Rami-e-Jamarat, which is to throw 7 pebbles on one of the three
stone pillars built at the place where Satan tried misguide Prophet Ibrahim when
he was taking his son to sacrifice upon Allah’s command, sacrifice of animals and
shaving of head.

c3) Explain the importance of wearing Ihram

Ihram is the dress code for Hajj and Umrah. It consists of two white unstitched
sheets for men, one is to cover the upper part and the other is to cover the lower
part of the body. For women it is their daily life clothes, covering the whole body
particularly, the head should be covered in a way that no hair is visible and face
must not be covered.

The Ihram aims to remind Muslims of their virtues and helps them to improve
and increase their iman. It also serves as a reminder that Muslims must be
righteous and stay away from the evil temptations of Shaytan. Ihram signifies
peace, harmony and unity. Millions of Muslims come to perform Hajj or Umrah
wearing the same clothes with no one superior to the other. This creates humility
and harmony between the believers who are in Hajj or Umrah in Makkah with the
sole purpose of worshipping Allah.

c4) Explain why Kabbah is important for Muslims

Kabbah is the most sacred place for Muslims situated in the Holy city of Makkah.
It is the first house of worship built on the face of Earth. It has other names as
well such as “Bayt - Al - Ateeq” (The Ancient House.) “Bayt - Al - Haram”
(The Sacred House.) It was first built with Prophet Adam with the help of Angels
but according to the Quran, it was constructed by Prophet Ibrahim and his son
Ismail.

Al Quran (2;127)
Kabbah is the symbol of oneness of Allah, it signifies the supremacy of Allah. It is
the Qibla which means the direction of prayers for Muslims throughout the world.
It is hence, the uniting factor for Muslims.
Tawaf or going around the Holy Kaaba for seven times is performed upon
entering the mosque of Haram. According to one tradition of the Prophet
Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬even looking at the Kabbah is an act of worship. The Holy Kaaba
is the symbolic force of unity in Islam. In one corner of the Kabah, “Hajre -
Aswad '' (The black stone) is fixed which is believed to be brought from heaven.
Muslims try to kiss the Holy stone as a sign of love and respect for it. An amazing
fact about Kabah is that it is the centre of the Earth.

(Al Quran 2 : 197-195)

Hajj is [during] well-known months, so whoever has made Hajj obligatory upon
himself therein [by entering the state of ihram], there is [to be for him] no sexual
relations and no disobedience and no disputing during Hajj. And whatever good
you do – Allah knows it. And take provisions, but indeed, the best provision is
fear of Allah. And fear Me, O you of understanding. There is no blame upon you
for seeking bounty from your Lord [during Hajj]. But when you depart from
’Arafat, remember Allah at al-Mash’ar al-Haram. And remember Him, as He has
guided you, for indeed, you were before that among those astray. Then depart
from the place from where [all] the people depart and ask forgiveness of Allah.
Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.

(d) ‘There are more benefits than challenges to performing Hajj.’ Assess
this statement. You should refer to the significance of this passage
from the Qur’an provided, using your own or others’ views to support
your answer

The given statement refers to Hajj, which is the fifth pillar of Islam and all
Muslims should try and go on Hajj as, if they do, they receive a great bounty
from Allah as stated in Surah 2. Muslims believe that they are following in the
footsteps of Muhammad (pbuh) by performing Hajj. They believe that by
following the example of the Prophet they will receive special blessings from
Allah. Muslims believe that by performing Hajj they are showing their devotion to
Allah because of the effort it takes to do so.

By performing Hajj Muslims have taken part in the holiest event in the Muslim
calendar, and come as close to Allah as is possible in this world, during the time
spent on Hajj. Muslims spend time with other believers from all over the world,
which reminds them that they are all part of the Ummah, sharing Allah’s
blessings during Hajj. Even though they all come from different cultures,
sometimes even speaking different languages, when on Hajj they unite in the
same actions and prayers.
Although Hajj is very important in the lives of all Muslims and to attend Hajj is a
great achievement, for some Muslims, attending Hajj can cause many difficulties,
including loss of life. Hajj has great benefits but is not something that all Muslims
must do. They would say praying five times a day can provide greater strength
to a Muslim than Hajj. They might also say that using your money to help those
in poverty is a better use of money than paying for a trip to go on Hajj, as it
relieves suffering.

Jihad (3.6)
Contents
1. Origins, meaning and significance of Jihad in Islam
2. Distinction between greater and lesser Jihad and the importance of greater Jihad in the
life of Muslims
3. The conditions for declaration for lesser Jihad, including reference to surah 2: 190-194 22-
39
Q: Identify 1 kind of Jihad?
Ans: Jihad with wealth.
Q(b): Describe what is meant by Jihad
Ans: Jihad is the struggle in the way of Allah and it means much more than a holy war.
Muslims use the word Jihad to describe 3 kinds of struggle. It could be a believers inner
struggle to live out the faith as much good as possible, the struggle to build a good Muslim
society and lastly the holy war or fighting in the way of Allah to defend Islam if necessary.
Many modern Muslims claim that the actual meaning of Jihad is the eternal spiritual Struggle
and this is accepted by many Muslims.
Q: Describe what is meant by the greater Jihad?

Ans: Jihad means to strive and the greater Jihad is striving to be the perfect Muslim, Fighting
against one's own temptations and desires. This includes striving to perform all of the five
pillars properly and following the Shariah. Greater Jihad requires a Muslim to strive to follow
all the teachings of Allah. This includes following the perfect examples of the Prophet S.A.W
and performing the acts that please Allah in order to enter Paradise in the hereafter.

Q: Explain the difference between the greater and lesser Jihad?

According to the teachings of Islam the greater Jihad is the struggle of making oneself a
perfect Muslim (striving by might and main, whether living in a Muslim or Non – Muslim
society.) Once Muslims have strived to make themselves pure, Focus on making society
pure which is the lesser Jihad.
By performing greater Jihad, Muslims make sure that their lives are purely following all the
teachings of Islam. The lesser Jihad is concerned with the armed struggle to bring Allah's
law and justice to the world. This can only be achieved by bringing the whole world to Islam
with the use of force .
The greater Jihad is a daily struggle of overcoming temptation, living in a state of Halal and
avoiding Haram. The lesser Jihad seeks to take this personal state and tackle issues in the
society.

Q: Explain the importance of Carrying out the Greater Jihad for Muslims in today’s
society?
Ans: The greater Jihad is relevant in today’s society as it promotes personal development,
ethical behavior, positive interpersonal relationships, tolerance, social justice, and global
harmony.
Modern societies face ethical and moral challenges on various fronts. The greater jihad
encourages individuals to uphold ethical standards and moral principles in their daily lives.
As it develops an ideal character of a true Muslim . In today’s Muslim society, the greater
Jihad would be more effective as it helps to correct social and religious morals. The correct
use of Media could be very helpful not only to highlight the social issues but also to find their
solutions as well.
For Most people living the Gods way Is also quite a struggle. God sets high standards and
believers have to fight with own selfish desires to live up to them. They follow the rules of
Faith by remaining being devoted to Allah and doing everything right.
Qd: 3.6 Al-Quran (49:15)
“The believers are only the one who have believed in Allah and his messenger and
then doubt not but strive with their properties and their lives in the cause of Allah. It is
those who are truthful.
Believers should carry out both the inner and outer Jihad.” Asses this statement.
Ans: The given statement mentions one of the duties of Muslims, Jihad which is to strive in
the way of Allah as confirmed by the given passage of the holy Quran. Where Allah says that
to be a Muslim, one has to not only believe in Allah but also to strive or make struggle and it
means much more than a holy war as stated in the Surah 49.

Muslims use the word Jihad to describe 3 kinds of struggle, a believers internal struggle to
live out the Muslim faith as much as possible, the struggle to build a good Muslim society
eand lastly the Holy War or the struggle to defend Islam with force if necessary. The greater
Jihad is the struggle against the lower self which is to purify one’s heart, do good, avoid evil
and make one self a better person. The lesser Jihad is an outward struggle, that constitutes
a moral principle to struggle against any obstacle in the way of good. Lesser Jihad may also
involve fighting against oppressors who commit injustice. According to the Quranic verse
given above those who struggle in the way of Allah for a good cause are the actual
believers” before Allah.

However it is important to note that interpretations of Jihad can vary among Muslims and
many reject the concept of violent Jihad. Not all Muslims interpret Jihad in the same way,
and many emphasize peaceful inner struggle over violent actions. In the modern world
today, even the performance of 5 pillars of Islam would also be turned as Jihad Since a
Muslim gets closer to Allah by performing them. Other ways in which a Muslim can engage
himself could include learning the Quran by Heart, overcoming things such as anger, greed,
hatred or pride giving up smoking and working for social justice. In todays world everyone
cannot take part but by adopting good manners, respect and compassion for everyone
treating people justly can help to serve humanity.
3.7 Islamic Festivals
Contents:
 The origins and activities of Islamic festival of Eid Ul Fitr, Eid Ul Adha and Ahsura
 The meaning and significance of the Islamic festivals for Muslims
Qa: Identify 1 lesson we can learn from Eid Ul Fitr?
Ans: Being grateful to Allah that He blessed with the strength to fast for 29 or 30 days.
Qa2 identify 1 lesson we can learn from Eid Ul Ahda?
Ans: Sacrificing for the sake of Allah
A3 Give 1 teaching from Ashura?
Ans: Standing to up hold justice
 (b) Describe how Eid ul Fitr is celebrated?
Ans: Eid Ul Fitr is celebrated on 1st of Shawwal after completing 29 or 30 days of fasting.
After Fajr prayer, 2 rakah of Eid prayer are offered in congregation in a mosque or an
open place. Muslims celebrate this day by paying charity to poor Muslims (Fitranah)
cooking special dishes, exchanging of gifts, mostly in the form of money and visiting
family and friends as well as wearing new clothes.
Eid ul Adha

Describe how Eid Ul Ahda is celebrated?

Ans: Eid Ul Adha is celebrated on 10th of Zil Hajj in the remembrance of the great sacrifice
of Prophet Ibrahim A.S and his son Ismaiel A.S. On the 10th of Zil Hajj, after offering Fajr
prayer, 2 rakah of Eid prayer are offered. The Imam delivers the sermon or Khutba, in which
the importance of sacrifice is highlighted. After the prayer, Muslims sacrifice a cow, goat or a
camel. The meat of sacrifice is distributed in 3 parts. One part is for the family itself, one for
the friends and relations and the rest is left for the poor Muslim fellows. Sacrifice could be
performed on 10th, 11th and 12th of Zil Hajj but preferably it should be done on the 1st 2
days.
Q. Explain the importance of Eid-ul-Hajj for Muslims.
Eid-ulHajj or Eid-ul-Adha is another important festival in the Muslim calendar. It is the
celebration of sacrifice during which Muslims remember the spirit of Prophet Ibrahim and
how he was willing to sacrifice the person he loved most, because it was Allah’s command
which he had to obey no matter what.
Muslims celebrate this day by slaughtering animals (goat, cow, sheep, or a camel) which
reminds them that life is sacred and nothing is more important than pleasing Allah. The meat
of the sacrificed animal is distributed among families. One third is for the families and
relatives and the other third is donated to the poor and needy. This act of giving symbolizes
the willingness to give up things that are of benefit to us and close to our hearts.
Eid-ul-Hajj ends the period of Hajj, every year millions of people go to Makkah and perform
the pilgrimage together. To actually be so near to the Kabbah is to be closest to Allah which
is entirely an experience out of this world. Celebrating Eid together and helping the poor
strengthens the ties of friendship and helps those who are in need. It teaches that all
blessings are from Allah and one should open up his heart and share with others for the
sake of God.

Ashura
Describe how Ashura is commemorated?
Ans: Ashura is observed on 10th of Muharram in the remembrance of martyrdom of the holy
Prophets grandson, Imam Hussain and his Family. This day is observed with deep religious
respect by Muslims of the World. Muslims arrange special seatings Majlis, Recitation of the
Quran and Special prayers. Food is distributed to the Poor Muslims. The Shia Muslims take
out Special processions to pay tribute to the Sacrifice of Imam Hussain and his Family.
Explain the Importance of Ashura?
Ans: The 10th of Islamic month Muharram is called Ashura. Every Muslim must be aware of
the importance and virtues associated with this day. The Day of Ashura Marks the great
historical significance for muslims all over the world.
It is narrated that on this day, Allah almighty forgave the father of Humanity Adam AS, the
arc of prophet Noah came to rest on the mount Judi on this day and Allah saved Hahdrat
Musa and his people and also forgave the prophet Yunis. Prophet Ayub was recovered after
a pro longed sickness, Prophet Isa was born and raised to the sky on this day. However,
Ashura is commemorated also in the remembrance of the great sacrifice of prophet
Muhammads Grandson Imam Hussain for the great sacrifice he made along with his family
in Karbala for the sake of upholding justice in front of a tyrant ruler.
The martyrdom of the great Imam and his companions gave the humanity a lesson of
patience selflessness and true commitment to religion. It was a battle between right and
wrong, justice and injustice. The month of Muharram is extremely holy for the Muslim
community, Shia Muslims mourn the death of Imam Hussain and his family on this day of
sorrow.
3.7 Hadith
Abu Ubaid said I was present for Eid with Ummar bin Khattab he started with a prayer before
the sermon and said “ The messenger of Allah forbade fasting on these 2 days, the day of
Fitr and day of Adha. As for the day of Fitr, it is the day when you break your fast, and on the
day of Adha you eat the meat of your sacrifices.”

.
(d) ‘Religious festivals are an essential part of Islam.’ Assess this statement.
You should refer to the significance of this passage from the Hadith provided, using
your own or others’ views to support your answer
The given statement draws attention to the festivals Muslims have in Islam.Many Muslims
would agree with this statement as there are clear instructions in Islamic holy texts regarding
the importance of festivals. In the Hadith the significance of what occurs is directly related to
the spiritual journey of the Muslim . Festivals in Islam are seen as a way of deepening the
faith of all Muslims. They remind Muslims of key aspects of their faith that resonate with
each worshipper. Such as remembering the importance of obedience to Allah as Ibrahim
was told to sacrifice Ismail on the festival of Eid-ul-Adha .
Many Muslims would agree because the Hadith make clear reference to the festivals of Eid-
ul-Adha and Eid-ul-Fitr. These are two important festivals that unite the Umma in worship as
local and global community . Eid-ul-Fitr is known as the festival of the breaking of the fast,
which occurs at the end of Ramadan. Muslims are reminded that they have completed the
great fast and will gain many benefits from doing so. Theirs sins have been forgiven by Allah
and they have become closer to Allah .
Although many Muslims would agree that festivals are essential in Islam, some Muslims
would disagree and point to the fact that Islam only has two key festivals as proof that this
being true. They would also state that the festivals are only important as part of the
pilgrimage of Hajj. This means any real importance for festivals is only as part of the fifth
pillar of Islam. They are only part of a bigger celebration and really have no individual
significance outside the Hajj.

3.8 : Marriage & Divorce ,birth & Funeral rites of Muslims

Contents:
· The Significance of Marriage in Islamic life
· Muslim teachings about marriage and purpose of Family
· Ceremonies related to birth and death and their meaning
· Importance of Procreation in the strengthening of Ummah
Related Information about the topic:
From Islamic point of view Marriage is a religious duty, a moral safe guard and a social
commitment. Islam views this as a strong bond .As the foundation of family in Islam is the
blood ties due to marital commitment. Islam builds the family on solid ground that are
capable of providing reasonable continuity, through security and mature intimacy. Marriage
is a part of life Family, as well as society. Islam regards Marriage as the 1st and foremost
religious act and an act of responsible devotion. Islam considers Marriage as a very serious
commitment and has described certain measures to make the marital forms as permanent
as humanly possible.
Allah Almighty created men and woman as company for one another so that they can
become parents and live in peace and calmness. According to Prophet S.A.W Marriage is
completion of half of a Muslims faith. It is an act of pleasing Allah because it is in accordance
with his commandments that Husband and Wife love each other. Make effort to continue the
Human race and raise their children to become the Servants of Allah.
Q(a): Identify one purpose of Marriage?
Ans: To start the family
Q: Identify 1 feature of a Muslim Birth?
Ans: The most important feature of a Muslim birth is whispering Adhan in the Baby’s ear.
The Baby is given honey or a soft piece of a date to taste. The baby’s head is shaved on the
7th day and Aqiqah ceremony is performed by slaughtering 1 goat for a girl and 2 for a boy.
Q: Give 1 reason why Islam encourages Family life?
Ans: Many Muslims believe that Family life is the foundation of human society providing a in
different culturessecure healthy environment for parents and growing children the best place
to pass on and develop human virtues such as love kindness mercy and compassion.
Q: Describe the features of an Islamic marriage ceremony?
Ans: The Muslim wedding ceremony may differ in different cultures however everywhere the
marriage is announced and Nikka is performed, agreed by the 2 families and witnessed by
the Bride’s guardian and 2 other people. The most important requirement is that neither the
groom nor the bride should be forced for the marriage .An amount called mahr is settled
between the 2 families according to the income of the groom and is given to the bride by her
husband. Preferably Nikka takes place in a Masjid or at the bride’s house in the presence of
her father or guardian ,the bride and the groom demonstrate their free will by repeating the
words of acceptance thrice and the marriage contract is signed in the presence of 2 male
witnesses. Although not required , and imam is often presence in the wedding ceremony.
Sermon is delivered by the Imam quoting the relevant verses of the Quran and the Sunnah
and informal speech about marriage is made. After the Nikka the bride leaves her father’s
home to live with her husband at his place, the Walima feast is arranged the next day by the
groom’s family which is a Sunnah of the Prophet S.A.W.
Q: Describe the purpose of Families in the Islamic Faith.
Ans: Family life is referred in the Quran as the way in which Allah wants husband and wife to
live, it ensures a bond between a couple in the form of children which ensures a family life
lived according to Muslim principles. Family is seen as a way to secure the future of Islam by
having Muslim children, teaching them the ways in which Allah wants his people to live and
spreading the Message of Islam throughout the world.
Q: Describe what happens during Aqiqah ceremony?
Ans: The aqiqah ceremony is a significant event in the Islamic tradition, typically formed to
celebrate the birth of a child usually on the 7th day . After the birth of the child, as per the
sunnah of the Prophet S.A.W. However if it is not possible it could be performed later as
well. It is a common practice during the aqiqah ceremony to shave babies head, which is a
symbol of cleanliness is accompanied by the recitation of prayers. 2 goats are sacrificed for
a boy and 1 for the girl. The meat is divided into 3 parts, ⅓ for the family, one for relations
and friends and one for the less fortunate or needy people in the community. The aqiqah
ceremony concludes with a joyful celebration, it brings together family and friends to
celebrate the birth of a child and to express gratitude to Allah for this blessing.
Q b Describe the importance of procreation in Islam
Procreation in Islam is considered important as it aligns with the divine purpose of creation
and the continuation of human life. It is seen as a way to fulfill the natural instinct for family
life, contribute to the growth of the Muslim community (Ummah), and raise children in
accordance with Islamic values. The Qur'an and Hadith encourage marriage and having
children within the framework of family life, as it helps maintain social stability and provides
an opportunity to nurture future generations in faith, morality, and good conduct.
Q: Explain Muslim teachings on the purpose of Families?
Ans: The prophet S.A.W loved and respected his family and spoke highly of the importance
of family life. Muslims are urged to follow his teachings on this. The Prophet S.A.W taught
that it is extremely important to have a family as it increases wealth and well being and
prolongs life.
According to one of Hadith of prophet S.A.W, husband is the guardian of his house hold
which means that he must make an effort to fulfil the financial and moral needs of the Family
besides this the wife is the guardian of husbands property, she must remain loyal to him and
guide the children according to the Islamic tradition.
Muslims believe that Family life is the foundation of human society, it increases the ummah
and provides a secure, healthy and nurturing environment for Parents and growing children.
The family is the best place to pass on and develop virtues such as mercy and compassion.
Q: Explain what happens when a Muslim dies?
When a Muslim is near to death those around him/her may recite verses from the Quran and
preferably the first Kalimah so that the person may be encouraged to recite. As soon as a
person dies, those close to him/her should close the eyes and jaw of the deceased.
It is important that the body should be cleansed completely thrice by a same sex family
member. In case of spousal death, the spouse may perform the cleansing in a particular
order. It begins with the upper right side, then the left, after that the lower right side ending
with the lower left side. Hands must not directly touch the body. After ghusl, shrouding is
done using 3 white sheets wrapped all around the body with a rope tight on the top of the
head. One or 2 ropes are tied around the middle of the body.
The body is then transported to a mosque or directly to a burial place. The funeral prayer is
led by the Imam. In Islamic tradition only men are allowed to attend the burial, although
some Muslim communities allow women as well. The body must be facing the right side
towards Makkah. Embalming and cremation is not allowed in Islam.
Divorce
Divorce
Informative note: Divorce is the dissolution of Muslim marriage. It is the most dislike act by
Allah among all the Halal things. The Arabic word for divorce is Talaq. The basis of divorce
under Islamic law is the inability of spouses to live together. It is initiated by the husband and
can be done verbally by pronouncing thrice the phrase I divorce you to his wife. Khula is a
divorce initiated by the wife. This involves a wife seeking a divorce from her husband
through a legal process by offering financial compensation or forfeiting her rights, such as
returning the dowry in exchange for her release from the marriage contract. Khula is typically
granted by a religious authority or a judge if valid reasons for the divorce are presented such
as abuse or irreconsincilable differences.
There are 3 kinds of divorce, the 1st and most proper form of divorce is talaq e ahsan
method of divorce in Islam. It is considered the least disruptive and upright way to end a
marriage. It is the single pronouncement of talaq by the husband followed by a period of
iddah or a waiting period which is of 90 days. The purpose of iddah is to ensure that the wife
isn’t pregnant to allow for the resolution of any disputes and give time for reconciliation.
During this waiting period the couple continues to live together and the husband can revoke
the divorce if reconciliation is sought. Talaq-e-Ahsan is seen as the preferred method of
divorce in Islam because it allows for the possibility of reconciliation and minimizes the
immediate disruption to the family unit. it encourages careful consideration before finalizing
the divorce aiming to prevent the hasty decisions that may lead to regret later on this method
reflects the Islamic principle of maintaining harmony within the family and preserving the
sanity of marriage as much as possible .
The 2nd form of talaq is, when reconciliation doesn’t take place after the first 3
pronouncements and passing of the iddah of 3 months, it makes the divorce irrevocable and
is called talaq-e-Bain or Biddah. It refers to a form of divorce that is considered legally
invalid due to its deviation from the prescribed methods of divorce outlined in Islamic
jurisprudence.
When a Husband pronounces talaaq to his wife in a Manner that is considered severe and
final. Which involves uttering the word Talaaq thrice in a single instance without the
possibility of revocation during the waiting period after the divorce is final. After the matters
related to the custody of children should be resolved. A mother can have the custody of
children till a certain age but the maintenance of children remain husbands liability. If a wife
remarries, the husband can get the custody the same moment
Q(5) (d) And of His signs is that He created for you from yourselves mates that you
may find tranquility in them; and He placed between you affection and mercy. Indeed
in that are signs for a people who give thought. [Qur’an 30:21]
(d) ‘Marriage is the most important personal relationship in Islam.’
Assess this statement. You should refer to the significance of this passage from the Qur’an
provided, using your own or others’ views to support your answer.
Many Muslims would agree with this as all Muslims are expected to get married as part of
their duty to Allah. Marriage is mentioned many times in the Qur'an, as revealed to the
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) . Therefore, they follow its teachings on marriage. The purpose
of marriage is to raise children according to the Islamic faith and to be faithful to your
spouse. Spreading the faith is important in Islam and it is permissible for a Muslim man to
take 4 wives (though this practice is not often used now). If this does occur each wife must
be treated equally as stated in Surah 30 .
Many Muslims would agree with this because one of the main purposes of marriage is to
have children and create families. The family is the building block on which the Islamic
tradition is built on. Strong Islamic family life builds strong Islamic society. The family cannot
exist outside marriage and there are clear, defined roles within the family that exist to
support the family and strengthen the Ummah. The man acts as provider and the woman
secures the home as a place of love, prayer and education in bringing children up in the
Islamic way as stated in Surah 30 .
Although many Muslims would agree that marriage is an important relationship in Islam as it
creates families and spreads the faith, some Muslims would say the most important
relationship is between Allah and his worshippers. The relationship between a person and
Allah is the centre point from which all good things flow. Doing what pleases Allah, as
outlined in the Qur’an and through the Prophet, enlightens Muslims in all their relationships
and it is this which strengthens the Ummah more than any other relationship .
 3.9 :Muslim citizenship & Religious & political Leadership
 Contents:
 Muslim’s beliefs about the nature of leadership & the responsibilities of
Religious & Political Leaders
 The challenges & responsibilities of citizenship for Muslims.
 The challenges faced by leaders of Islam in the Modern World
Q.1 Identify a characteristic that a religious leader should have.
Loyalty is one quality which must be there in a religious leader. They must practice what they
preach to their people.
Q.2 Give two examples of how an individual can be a guardian in society.
An individual can be a guardian in society by performing his duties honestly, by taking care
of the orphans and the vulnerable in the society.
Q.3 Describe the responsibilities of a religious leader in society.
Religious leaders can share social values and promote responsible behavior. They can
communicate with the people through media and websites. It is their responsibility to guide
the people positively and in case of a conflict, they should play the role of a mediator rather
than to become a source of division amongst the community. They must encourage people
through their personal examples in order to have a positive impact upon people so that they
could live according to the teachings of Islam.
Q b)Describe how Prophet Muhammad SAW is a good example for Muslim leaders
today
Prophet Muhammad SAW is an example for Muslims in every aspect of daily life. He lived a
life of complete submission to the will of Allah, by practicing good and obligatory acts and
avoiding sin, this example must be followed as good leaders are required to practice good
habits.
He demonstrated compassion to the fiercest of enemies after defeating them in battle. He
established political and social alliances with Jews and Christians, which teaches Muslim
leaders today the importance of living together in peace and harmony.

Qc)Explain the challenges of citizenship a Muslim may face today.

Citizenship can be challenging as some aspects of citizenship may be contrary to Islamic
belief. If a devoted Muslim wishes to pray five times each day this may interrupt their work,
as directed by the country and community they lived within. This may cause serious
challenges to how a Muslim is able to adapt as a full citizen in a secular country.
Citizenship can also cause problems for a Muslim as Islamic teaching on shirk may run in
direct conflict with a Muslim’s faith. In many countries, Muslims may face prejudice and
hostility due to negative stereotypes and fears associated with terrorism, particularly in
Western societies. This can affect employment, education, and social inclusion. A Muslim
cannot support the activities declared haram in Islam.
In the issue of what is halal and directly referred to food, could cause problems in relation to
a Muslim’s citizenship. A Muslim is directed to eat meat that is slaughtered in accordance
with Islamic beliefs. However, in some countries this form of slaughtering animals may be
considered illegal which would be a great challenge to a Muslim living as a citizen in that
country.
Qc) Explain the responsibilities of Muslim individuals in the society.
The Holy Quran in many verses addresses mankind and makes it clear that everyone is
responsible for their own deeds and will be blamed or credited for all he did in a society.
Muslim individuals have both religious and ethical responsibilities. Muslims are encouraged
to promote goodness and discourage evil and wrongdoing in the society. Every individual
has separate responsibilities and duties to fulfill in his life. These responsibilities are directed
towards the creator, one’s own self, common people, nature, and other creatures.
Muslims are obligated to serve their community and contribute to their betterment. They
should also actively participate in life, including voting, engaging in public betterment
projects, and contributing to the democratic process. Life is based on communication
between people, hence a Muslim as an individual must make an effort to live in harmony,
and to facilitate people in their relations with each other.
An individual is honored to have special rights as a child, parent, relatives, friends,
neighbors, etc. one should fulfill his duties honestly with every relation so that he/she may be
successful in this world and the hereafter.

(c) Explain why the Prophet and his successors are good examples of leadership for
Muslims today.
Muhammad (pbuh) was an excellent leader because he had the missionary vision to seek
the best in human nature . He led by example, devoting his life to what he believed in and
his influence spread to all his believers. His actions and words, guided by Allah, inspired
people to be the best versions of themselves .
Abu Bakr was a good leader because of his devotion to the Prophet during his life time, and
the good character he displayed as Caliph . He was one of the great saviours of Islam and
he was a true embodiment of Islam. He is a good example to leaders today because he
ruled with great diligence, wisdom and farsightedness. He was also a great worshipper who
feared Allah .The second caliph umar is known for his excellent administrative skills,and love
for the betterment of his people.
Uthman was an example for Muslim leaders today because of his high character and was
the most modest of all the Companions . He did his own housework and refused any
payment for his role of caliph. aliph Ali ibn Abi Talib, often revered as a righteous and just
leader, indeed serves as a profound example for Muslim leaders today. His legacy remains
an enduring standard for leadership that aligns with the core ideals of Islam and the needs of
the community.

Hadith (3.9)
"Every one of you is a guardian and is responsible for his charges. The ruler who has
authority over people, is a guardian and is responsible for them, a man is a guardian
of his family and is responsible for them; a slave ('Abu) is a guardian of his master's
property and is responsible for it; a woman is a guardian of her husband's house and
children and is responsible for them.
d) “No one can be like the Prophet, leaders need to build their skills and be a
guardian: Assess this statement.
The given statement mentions the excellence of the prophet SAW as a leader and also the
role of the leaders that they must act as caretakers and be responsible for those under their
charge .Prophet SAW being a role model for Muslims exemplified the qualities of
guardianship that leaders should strive to follow .They should not merely strive to be liked
but rather to be respected and admired for their caring and protective nature and must
remain careful about whatever duty assigned to them as stated in the given Hadith above .

Many Muslims may consider that the statement might be overly idealistic while people may
strive to follow his qualities it is widely acknowledged that Prophet Salallahu Salam holds in
the Islamic history. Leaders can certainly learn from his example and aspire to be guardians
but they will always be individuas with their own unique qualities and limitations. Islam has
clearly defined the rules and responsibilities of every individual and if everyone is right at
their place then an ideal society could be formed if according to the Hadith everyone feels
their responsibility .
It is essential to remember that no one can entirely replicate the prophet’s unique qualities
and position in Islamic history . leaders should strive to be the best they can be, which
recognizes their wide recognizing their own limitations as individual.They can also take
guidance from the Holy Quran and can also find some good qualities in other leaders of the
world who were not the prophets but were dedicated and honest to their people.

The statement "No one can be like the Prophet; leaders need to build their skills and be a
guardian" reflects the view that the Prophet, as an ideal figure, embodies unparalleled
qualities of wisdom, compassion, and justice that are unattainable in full by any other
individual. His character and actions set a high standard for leadership—one based on
selflessness, integrity, and deep responsibility towards others. In this sense, he serves as a
model or benchmark that leaders aspire to, even though they may not fully reach his level of
moral excellence. This notion also suggests that leadership goes beyond mere authority or
position; it requires continuous skill-building, moral vigilance, and a deep commitment to the
welfare of the community.

The call for leaders to "build their skills" implies that leadership is not just an inherent quality
but a set of abilities that must be nurtured and developed over time. Skills such as effective
communication, strategic thinking, empathy, and decision-making are essential for addressing
the complex challenges that leaders face. By dedicating themselves to self-improvement,
leaders can cultivate the virtues needed to guide others responsibly. Furthermore, the idea of
being a "guardian" highlights a key dimension of leadership: protecting and advocating for
those under one's care. This role of guardianship involves a commitment to justice, honesty,
and equity, requiring leaders to safeguard the interests and rights of their people, often at the
cost of personal gain.

However, while striving for excellence is important, it's also valuable to recognize that
leadership models are diverse and can draw from multiple influences beyond religious
figures. Some may argue that comparing leaders to an ideal figure like the Prophet, with
qualities that may seem unattainable, could discourage aspiring leaders. Instead,
acknowledging the strengths of diverse historical, cultural, and contemporary figures—who,
while imperfect, have made positive impacts in their own ways—may provide a more
realistic and inclusive approach to cultivating effective leadership. This perspective
encourages leaders to embrace their unique strengths and areas for growth, creating a legacy
that honors their individual capacities while still striving for the high ideals embodied by
figures like the Prophet.