Management Information

System

ECCILO 7013
What Is MIS?

Management information system or MIS is a set of procedures

that provides essential data and information to the management
for making an informed decision.

The Management information system

involves:
● Collection of appropriate data from various reliable sources.
● Processing of such data to extract the relevant and useful
information.
● Delivering this information to the respective department.
Why MIS Is Important For Businesses?
The corporate environment is dynamic involving uncertainties
and risks. These uncertainties and risks drive business
organizations to take complicated decision to survive in the
market.

The primary goal of any organization is to improve its

profitability and sustain in the long run. Hence, any business
establishment cannot afford to ignore the importance of MIS.

Management information system report plays a crucial role in

improving performance, productivity, and profitability of the
organization.
Information Technology (IT): any
computer-based tool that people use to work with
information and to support the information and
information-processing needs of an organization.

Information System (IS): collects, processes,

stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for
a specific purpose.

Informed User: A person knowledgeable about

information systems and information technology
CHAPTER
1
Introduction to
Information
Systems
1. Why Should I Study Information
Systems?
2. Overview of Computer-Based
Information Systems
3. How Does IT Impact Organizations?
4. Importance of Information Systems
to Society
 >>>
1. Identify the reasons why being an informed
user of information systems is important in
today’s world.
2. Describe the various types of computer-based
information systems in an organization.
3. Discuss ways in which information
technology can affect managers and
non-managerial workers.
 >>>
4. Identify positive and negative societal effects
of the increased use of information
technology.
1.1 Why Should I Study
Information Systems
• The Informed
User – You!
• IT Offers Career
Opportunities
• Managing
Information Resources
 Reasons Why You Should Be
An Informed User…
1. You will benefit more from your organization’s
IT applications because you will understand
what is “behind” those applications.

2. Your input can enhance your organization’s IT

applications.

3. As you enter the workforce you can assist in

selecting the IT applications your organization
will use.
 Reasons Why You Should Be
An Informed User (con’t)…
1. You will aware of both new information
technologies and rapid developments in
existing technologies.

2. You will understand how using IT can

improve your organization’s performance.

3. If you are entrepreneurial minded, you

can use IT to start your own business.
IT Offers Career
Opportunities
• Chief Information
Officer (CIO)
• Substantial Demand for IT Staff
– Programmers
– Business Analysts
– System Analysts
– Designers
• $115,000 is the median salary for IS
Managers (US Dept of Labor)
Managing Information
Resources
• Managing information systems (IS)
is difficult and complex
• Contributing Factors:
– Strategic value of IS’s
– Acquiring, operating, and maintaining
IS’s is very expensive
– Evolution of the MIS Function
Evolution of the MIS Function….
● Traditional Functions of the MIS Department:
• Managing systems development and systems project management
• Managing computer operations, including the computer center
• Staffing, training, and developing IS skills
• Providing technical services
• Infrastructure planning, development, and control
● New (Consultative) Functions of the MIS Department
• Initiating and designing specific strategic information systems
• Incorporating the Internet and electronic commerce into the business
• Managing system integration including the Internet, intranets, and
extranets
• Educating the non-MIS managers about IT
• Educating the MIS staff about the business
• Partnering with business-unit executives
• Managing outsourcing
• Proactively using business and technical knowledge to seed innovative
ideas about IT
• Creating business alliances with business partners
 ’S ABOUT BUSINESS 1.1
• Information Technology Supports
Students in Georgia
1. Describe how the University System of Georgia
manages its information resources vis-à-vis the
individual universities in the system.
2. What are the advantages of central
management of information systems in the
University System of Georgia?
3. What are the disadvantages of central
management of information systems in the
University System of Georgia?
1.2 Overview of
Computer-Based IS’s
• Data – Information – Knowledge

• Computer-Based Information System

(CBIS)

• Types of Computer-Based Information

Systems (CBIS)
Data–Information–Knowledge
Data–Information–Knowledge
Data Items: an elementary description of things, events,
activities, and transactions that are recorded, classified,
and stored but are not organized to convey any specific
meaning.Eg.

Information: refers to data that have been organized so

that they have meaning and value to the recipient.Eg.

Knowledge: consists of data and/or information that have

been organized and processed to convey understanding,
experience, accumulated learning, and expertise as they
apply to a current business problem.Eg.
Computer based information
Systems
Computer-based information system (CBIS) is an
information system that uses computer technology to
perform some or all of its intended tasks. Although not all
information systems are computerized, today most are.
For this reason the term “information system” is typically
used synonymously with “computer-based information
system.”

Components of a CBIS
• Hardware
• Software
• Database
• Network
• Procedures
• People
Components of a CBIS
• Hardware: consists of devices such as the processor,
monitor, keyboard, and printer.
• Software: a program or collection of programs that enable
the hardware to process data.
• Database: a collection of related files or tables containing
data.
• Network: a connecting system (wireline or wireless) that
permits different computers to share resources.
• Procedures: are the instructions for combining the above
components to process information and generate the
desired output.
• People: individuals who use the hardware and software,
interface with it, or utilize its output.
Computer based information
Systems

These components are integrated to form the wide variety

of information systems found within an organization.
Information Technology
within the Organisation
IT Infrastructure

● IT components of hardware, software, networks (wireline

and wireless), and databases form the information
technology platform.
● IT personnel use these components to develop
information systems, oversee security and risk, and
manage data. These activities cumulatively are called
information technology services.
● The IT components plus IT services comprise the
organization’s information technology infrastructure.
● At the top of the pyramid are the various
organizational information systems.
Capabilities of Computer-Based
Information Systems (CBIS)
● Perform high-speed, high-volume numerical
computations.
● Provide fast, accurate communication and collaboration
within and among organizations.
● Store huge amounts of information in an easy-to-access,
yet small space.
● Allow quick and inexpensive access to vast amounts of
information, worldwide.
● Interpret vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently.
● Automate both semiautomatic business processes and
manual tasks.
Types of Computer Based
Information Systems (CBIS)
• Breadth of Support for Information
Systems (IS):
Information systems support parts of organizations,
others support entire organizations, and still others
support groups of organizations.

• Support for Organizational Employees:

Information systems that typically support particular
employees within the organization.
Breadth of Support for
Information Systems (IS)
• Functional Area Information Systems
(FAIS)
• Enterprise Resource Planning Systems
(ERP)
• Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
• Interorganizational Information
Systems (IOS)
• E-Commerce Systems
Functional Area Information Systems (FAIS) : a collection
of application programs in a single department or functional
area.Eg. Finance IS, Marketing IS etc.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): systems are
designed to correct a lack of communication among the
functional area IS.
Transaction Processing System (TPS): systems that
support the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of
data from the organization’s basic business transactions,
each of which generates data.
Interorganizational Information systems (IOSs):
Information systems that connect two or more organizations.
Electronic Commerce (e-commerce) Systems: an
interorganizational information system that enable
organizations to conduct transactions, called
business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce, and
customers to conduct transactions with businesses, called
business-to-consumer (B2C) electronic commerce.
Figure 1.5: IS that function
among multiple organizations
Support for Organizational
Employees
Information systems that typically
support particular employees within the
organization. They are:
• Knowledge Workers
• Office Automation Systems (OASs)
• Business Intelligence (BI) Systems
• Expert Systems (ES)
• Dashboards
Knowledge Workers: professional employees that are
experts in a particular subject area (e.g., financial and
marketing analysts, engineers, lawyers, and accountants.).
Office Automation Systems (OASs): typically support the
clerical staff, lower and middle managers, and knowledge
workers (e.g., word processing and desktop publishing
software).
Business Intelligence (BI) Systems: systems that provide
computer-based support for complex, nonroutine decisions,
primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers.
Expert Systems (ES): systems that attempt to duplicate the
work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities,
knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain.
Dashboards: a special form of IS that support all managers
of the organization by providing rapid access to timely
information and direct access to structured information in the
form of reports.
1.3 How Does IT Impact
Organizations?

• IT Reduces the Number of Middle

Managers
• IT Change’s the Manager’s Job
• Will IT Eliminate Jobs?
• IT Impacts Employees at Work
IT Impacts Employees at
Work

• IT Impacts Employees’ Health and

Safety
• IT Provides Opportunities for People
with Disabilities
Robotic Page turner:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xiE6l_cz9pw
Hospital-bedside video trip to the zoo:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MG9oN4hJUQ0
Figure 1.6: Ergonomic products
protect computer users.
1.4 Importance of IS to
Society

• IT Affects Our Quality of Life

• The Robot Revolution is Here Now
• Improvements in Healthcare
Virtual reality for brain surgeries:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZvY1a-0rpg
 ’S ABOUT BUSINESS 1.2
• Different Types of Robots
1. Discuss some disadvantages of (a) telepresence
robots, (b) autonomous cars, and (c) drones.
2. Would you be willing to ride in an autonomous
car? Why or why not?
3. Which occupations are most at risk from a
widespread adoption of autonomous cars?
Support your answer.
4. Debate the privacy issues associated with
domestic use of drones by law enforcement
agencies.
 ’S ABOUT BUSINESS 1.3
• Getting Kids in
Shape
1. Why is Zamzee using
games to help kids
lose weight?
2. In your opinion, would Zamzee be as
successful for adult weight loss? Why or
why not?