SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (SSRG-IJEEE) – volume 3 Issue 5 May 2016
A Review on Induction Heating System by Solar
Energy
Vikash Kumar Singh1, Md. Mumtaz Khan2, Suresh Jaldeep Kumar4
Sevliya3 Assistant Professor
UG Scholar Department of Electrical Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering Poornima College of Engineering
Poornima College of Engineering
Abstract—Induction Heating system utilizes electricity for the
generation of heat, whereas solar energy is largely available
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
energy source for generation of heat. Combining solar energy
with induction heat generation technique is the efficient solution The most popular types of electric heating can be classified
for the heat generation application. The proposed system mainly into two types. First one is resistance heating and
presents an effective control scheme incorporated in half bridge second one is induction heating. Resistance heating has the
series resonance induction heating by using solar energy. Pulse advantages of low cost and easy maintains but, the
width modulation technology is used for charging the battery disadvantage is its low efficiency. Considering induction
from photovoltaic array. The simulation and implementation of heating, an inverter topology supplies a high frequency current
system is done and presented in this paper. The experimental
to an induction coil, producing an alternating magnetic field. If
result of conventional solar heating and solar induction heating
are compared. It shows that proposed system, improvises heating
this field is applied to a ferromagnetic pan, it produces eddy
performance compared to conventional solar heating system currents, and magnetic hysteresis, which heat up the pan.
Recently, domestic induction hobs have become increasingly
IndexTerms—Solar system, Half bridge topology, Solar cooker, popular owing to their specifications such as quick warming,
Induction heating, Embedded system tem with shows energy saving and high efficiency [1]. Consequently, the
research on induction cookers has attracted the attention of
I. INTRODUCTION theory specialists and practical engineers. For increasing the
One of the most serious problems that we are witness is the efficiency and reducing the switching loss and power factor
increasing cost and scarcity of cooking gas. An alternate class E resonant inverter is used for the induction cooker, in
method is to use electricity for the purpose. But the extensive which only single IGBT is used for reducing the cost
upsurge in the price of electricity and the lack of availability The effort to increase the efficiency and the energy saving
of large amount of electricity forces us to think about yet during a cooking process using an induction hob has been
another alternative.On the other hand solar energy is the mainly focused on providing to the pot the maximum power in
largely available source which we can use for cooking but this the more efficient way [2], for instance, designing highly
energy is not available 24 hours so it is not possible to use it in efficient resonant inverter topologies, modulation strategies,
the night. So this energy has to be stored in the battery. This and inductors. By controlling the Pulse Width Modulation
stored energy can be use to produce the electricity and further using micro controller the temperature of the induction is
for induction heating. control
Induction cooking is the highly efficient technique for the It is important to know that the heating efficiency of
cooking purpose, when it combines with solar system it will induction cooker is usually from 80% to 90% or above, which
provide the future solution for the cooking technology. is significantly energy saving comparing to the gas burner.
Although solar based cooking may have high initial cost, but Furthermore, the electricity for the operation of the induction
over a long term it is cost effective solution. Induction heating cooker can be generated by sustainable energies such as solar
is a well known technique to produce very high temperature and wind. The domestic and commercial induction cooker
such as in melting steel. The technique requires high systems are similar in the operation theory as well as the
frequency current supply that enables to induce high configuration. Using the maximum power point tracking
frequency eddy current circulating in the target object. algorithm [3] the system is used to charge the battery from
In general, two methods are used to generate high solar panel and this energy can be used for generating the
frequency current namely hard switching and soft switching electricity for the induction cooker. The half bridge series
technique. Hard switching has disadvantage of the higher resonant inverter[4] is the most employed topology due to its
power frequency in the LC circuit and it produces positive simplicity, its cost effectiveness, and the electrical
cycle as switching losses in the switching devices. Using requirements of its components. The resonant tank consists of
power MOSFET can solve this problem [6]. Soft switching or the pan, the induction coil, and the resonance capacitor.
sometime called resonant technique reduce those switching Induction coil and pan coupling is modeled as a series
losses. However, it requires devices with low on state power connection of an inductor and a resistor, based on the analogy
losses. So MOSFET is preferred for switching operation. of a transformer. The inverter section is design for maximum
efficiency and minimum switching losses which takes power
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SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (SSRG-IJEEE) – volume 3 Issue 5 May 2016
from solar panel. Power switching components such as IV. ALGORITHM
MOSFETs and IGBTs [5], are used in high frequency resonant
inverters to reduced overall size and switching losses can be Start
reduced as well by means of soft switching technique.
III. METHODOLOGY
Hardware Initialization
The primary input to the system is solar energy coming
from the sun; it is received by the array of photovoltaic cell
and further converted into electric energy. System block Mode Control Module
diagram is shown in Fig 1.This electric energy is utilised to
charge the rechargeable lead acid battery bank. The charging
LED Display Module
of the battery must be monitor and control to avoid the
overcharging and to indicate the low voltage condition of the
battery for that charge control unit is necessary. Pulse width ADC Module
modulation technology is used in solar charge control unit.
The stored electric energy is in the DC voltage form is further
converted into high frequency(kHz) AC voltage to generate Key scan Module
electromagnetic field in the induction coil which generate the
heat. MOSFET is used as switching device for generating the
AC voltage. Temperature of the generated heat is control by
SET
the pulse width modulated signal given to the gate ofMOSFET
Temp>Tem
throughthe controller. Front end is provided with keys to
control and change the temperature of the induction cooker.
Different LEDs are used at the front end for indicating the
battery as well as solar panel voltage conditions. Start PWM
Temp> SET
Solar Panel Battery
Temp
Stop PWM
Charge Control
Unit
End
PIC Fig. 2 Algorithm for heat control
Microcontroller
Fig. 2 shows the algorithm for heat control of the system,
it is explain below.
Feedback Inverter & First it initialises the port of PIC controller PIC
Driver 18F4520
Assign logic ‗1‘ value as input and logic ‗0‘ value as
output.
Induction Checking of the ADC bit for the battery, solar and
Coil temperature sensor.
Display the status of the battery and solar voltage by
LED.
Display the temperature of the LCD.
PAN Checking of the push button status.
Variation of the PWM signal as per push button
signal.
Fig. 1 System block diagram Fan and buzzer control as per the temperature setting.
Stop
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SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (SSRG-IJEEE) – volume 3 Issue 5 May 2016
VI. RESULTS
V. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
This proposed system of solar based induction cooker is
Induction cooker works on the same principle as that of the implemented for 500 watts power. Input to system is solar
transformer. The electromagnetic field generated at primary energy which is used to charge two 12 volts batteries using
induction coil produces same amount of the electromagnetic
PWM boost converter. Stored DC energy is converted to 25
field at the secondary side. The secondary side is the
kHz AC voltage using half bridge series resonant topology.It is
ferromagnetic pan used for cooking. The conversion of the
efficient technique for the control of the temperature and for the
battery D.C. voltage into high frequency A.C. voltage is done
solar charge control of the battery.
with the help of inverter section. The switching device
Comparing conventional solar heating system with solar
MOSFET IRF3210 is control by giving the pulse width
induction system hasvarious advantages such as performance
modulation signal coming from the controller. Half bridge
in terms of time. For heating 200ml water conventional solar
series resonant topology is used for heat generation. The
system takes 15 min,whereas it can be done within 5 -6 min
frequency of the topology is selected as 25 kHz for achieving
using solar induction heating system. System has half bridge
maximum efficiency. The width of the signal is control
series resonance topology due to which it has 80 %.
according to user requirement through push buttons. For the
protection of the controller section from high current power
efficiency. Conventional solar heating system has only 50%
section TLP250 isolator is used.
efficiency. This system is easy to clean and having thermal
The controller section of induction cooker is the main
safety. This system can be utilized during the day as well as
controlling element for the induction cooker. Various control
night time. Also, it hasoptional electric charging system so
of the induction cooker from varying the temperature to
that it can be used during rainy season
control for the cooling system (fan) is done by the controller.
Fig 6(a) shows two complimented PWM signal of 25k Hz,
Input to the controller is given through the front end keys and
given to the base of the MOSFETs. In Fig 6(b) AC signal of
output is display by using the LCD and LED indications. The
25k Hz generated across heating coil is shown. Result of
main function of the controller is to generate the PWM signal
solar panel at various sunny conditions is observed as shown
for controlling of the temperature as per requirement.
in table I. It shows that PWM charging technology is the
mps so 26 Ahr capacity battery is selected. Solar panel most effective for constant voltage battery charging method.
power is calculated using the formula (1). It gets 20% to 30% more energy from solar panel for
charging the battery. Another advantage is that it reduces
Pt = Ps ×8×0.85 (1) battery heating and increases the life span of the battery.
Where; Pt = total power of system, TABLE I. RESULT OF PWM SOLAR CHARGE SYSTEM.
Ps= solar panel capacity. Battery
Solar Panel
Test Voltage( 2 in Boost LED
Voltage series)
The power needed to heat a work piece to desired No. Voltage
1 19 V 24 V 28 V Green
temperature is calculated using the formula (2).
2 16 V 24 V 28 V Green
Pw = mc(Tfinal - Tinitial)/t (2) 3 14 V 24 V 28 V Green
4 18 V 22 V 28 V Green
Where; Pw= the work piece power, 5 17 V 28 V 0V No LED
m = mass of the work piece, 6 10 V 21 V 0V Red
T final = average values of final temperatures,
T initial = average values of initial temperatures.
c = the average value of the specific heat of the VII. CONCLUSION
material.
After implementation of solar induction heating prototype
t = the required heating time.
and comparing it with conventional solar heating system
following conclusions are drawn.
Proposed System has 80% efficiency due to half
bridge series resonance topology as compare to 50%
that of conventional solar heating system.
System can be used during day as well as night time.
System can be used in rainy season by using electrical
charging option.
The proposed system can be extended to higher power
rating and used for commercial heating applications such as
water heating for industrial purpose, for food cooking in hotels
as well as in households.
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SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (SSRG-IJEEE) – volume 3 Issue 5 May 2016
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