Please write clearly in block capitals.

Centre number Candidate number

Surname ________________________________________________________________________

Forename(s) ________________________________________________________________________

Candidate signature ________________________________________________________________________

GCSE
ADDITIONAL SCIENCE F
BIOLOGY
Foundation Tier Unit Biology B2

Friday 9 June 2017 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour

Materials For Examiner’s Use
For this paper you must have:
a ruler Examiner’s Initials
You may use a calculator.
Instructions
Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Question Mark
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
Answer all questions.
1
You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside
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the box around each page or on blank pages.
Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not
3
want to be marked.
Information 4
The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
The maximum mark for this paper is 60. 5
You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your 6
answers.
Question 7 should be answered in continuous prose.
7
In this question you will be marked on your ability to:
8
– use good English
– organise information clearly TOTAL
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.

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Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

1 Green plants make their own food.

1 (a) (i) What is the name of the process that plants use to make food?
[1 mark]
Draw a ring around the correct answer.

digestion growth photosynthesis respiration

1 (a) (ii) Plants need energy to make food.

Where does this energy come from?

[1 mark]
Draw a ring around the correct answer.

light oxygen soil water

1 (b) In plants, most of the food is made by the leaves.

Figure 1 shows a section through a plant leaf.

In the leaf, many of the cells contain chloroplasts.

Figure 1

Xylem
Chloroplasts
Vein
Phloem

1 (b) (i) Chloroplasts contain a green substance.

Name this green substance.

[1 mark]

__________________________________________

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1 (b) (ii) How does this green substance help chloroplasts to make food?
[1 mark]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

1 (b) (iii) What is the function of the vein shown in Figure 1?

[1 mark]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

1 (b) (iv) Plants make glucose.

Name two substances a plant must take in to make glucose.

[2 marks]

1 __________________________________________

2 __________________________________________

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2 (a) Figure 2 shows layers of rock in the Grand Canyon.

Figure 2

River
Y

Scientists found fossils of three different species of animal, X, Y and Z, at the positions
shown in Figure 2.

2 (a) (i) What is a fossil?

[2 marks]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2 (a) (ii) Scientists think that animal Y was alive at an earlier time than animal X.

How does Figure 2 provide evidence for this?

[1 mark]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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2 (a) (iii) Which two of the following are evidence that animal Y may have evolved from
animal Z?
[2 marks]
Tick () two boxes.

The fossils of animals X, Y and Z are the same size.

The fossils of animals Y and Z have many features in common.

The fossils of animals Y and Z have the same skin colour.

The fossil of animal Y is more complex than the fossil of animal Z.

The fossil of animal Y is more similar to the fossil of animal X

than to the fossil of animal Z.

2 (b) Animals X, Y and Z are all now extinct.

2 (b) (i) Give two possible causes of extinction.

[2 marks]

1 ____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2 ____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2 (b) (ii) Scientists cannot be sure about what caused animals X, Y and Z to become extinct.

Suggest why.
[1 mark]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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3 (a) What is an enzyme?

[2 marks]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3 (b) Enzymes are sometimes used in the home and in industry.

Draw one line from each enzyme to the correct use of that enzyme.
[3 marks]

Enzyme Use of enzyme

Removes grease stains from clothes

Protease

Pre-digests protein in some baby foods

Lipase

Breaks down DNA in genetic fingerprinting

Isomerase

Changes glucose syrup into fructose syrup

3 (c) Fructose and glucose are two types of sugar.

Fructose tastes much sweeter than glucose. This means that a smaller amount of
fructose can be used to give the same sweetness.

3 (c) (i) Why is it an advantage to use fructose instead of glucose in slimming foods?
[1 mark]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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3 (c) (ii) Figure 3 shows how an enzyme can be used to change glucose into fructose.

The enzyme molecules are firmly attached to beads of gel in a glass tube.

Figure 3

Glucose solution in

Beads of gel with

enzyme attached

Glass tube

Tap

Fructose solution out

Give two advantages of attaching the enzyme to beads of gel.

[2 marks]
Tick () two boxes.

The enzyme can be used for more than one type of reaction.

The enzyme can easily be used again.

The enzyme would be denatured.

The fructose solution produced does not have any enzyme in it.

There is less contact between the enzyme and the glucose.

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4 Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare, inherited condition.

4 (a) The allele that causes AKU is on chromosome number 3.

4 (a) (i) How many chromosomes are there in most human cells?
[1 mark]
Draw a ring around the correct answer.

23 24 46 48

4 (a) (ii) The allele for AKU is recessive.

What is a recessive allele?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

An allele that causes a genetic disorder.

An allele that shows its effect only if the dominant allele is not present.

An allele that shows its effect when only one chromosome carries it.

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4 (b) Two parents, who do not have AKU, have a child with AKU.

Figure 4 shows how this can happen.

Figure 4

Woman

N n

Key
N Allele for not having AKU
N n Allele for AKU
Man

n Nn nn

4 (b) (i) Figure 4 is incomplete.

Complete Figure 4 to show the missing combinations of alleles.

[2 marks]
Write the correct letters in the two empty boxes.

4 (b) (ii) Draw a ring around one pair of alleles in Figure 4 to show a child with AKU.
[1 mark]

4 (b) (iii) The man and woman in Figure 4 want to have another child.

What is the chance that their next child will have AKU?
[1 mark]
Draw a ring around the correct answer.

0 in 4 1 in 4 2 in 4 3 in 4

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5 A 20-year-old student investigated the effect of exercise on his heart rate.

The student:
 measured his resting pulse rate for 15 seconds
 pedalled a stationary exercise bike at a fast pace
 stopped at various time intervals during the exercise to measure his pulse rate for
15 seconds.

5 (a) The student measured his pulse rate each time for 15 seconds.
He calculated his pulse rate per minute at the end of the investigation.

5 (a) (i) Suggest why the student measured his pulse rate for only 15 seconds instead of for a
full minute.
[1 mark]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5 (a) (ii) Table 1 shows the student’s results.

Table 1

Time spent exercising Measured pulse rate Calculated pulse rate

in minutes in beats per in beats per minute
15 seconds
0 (resting) 15

1 38 152

2 44 176

4 47 188

One of the results is missing from Table 1.

Calculate the missing result.

[1 mark]

Calculated pulse rate = ___________________ beats per minute

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5 (b) Doctors recommend that people of different ages should exercise at different intensities.

Figure 5 shows the range of target heart rates during exercise recommended for
people of different ages.

Figure 5

200
190
180
170
160
150
Mean
heart rate 140
in beats 130
per minute
120
110
Target
100 heart rate
zone
90
80
70
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85
Age in years

5 (b) (i) Describe two ways that the target heart rate zone changes as age increases.
[2 marks]

1 ___________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2 ___________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5 (b) (ii) What range of heart rates during exercise is recommended for the 20-year-old student?
[1 mark]
Use information from Figure 5.

From __________________ to __________________ beats per minute

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5 (b) (iii) At 4 minutes, the 20-year-old student was cycling at a pace that caused his heart rate
to be 188 beats per minute. This was higher than the upper limit of the target heart rate
for exercising.

How much higher?

[1 mark]
Use your answer to part (b)(ii).

_______________________ beats per minute

5 (b) (iv) The student continued to exercise at this rate for a further 30 minutes.

Suggest one reason why the student should not continue to exercise above the
recommended range for 30 minutes.
[1 mark]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5 (b) (v) The student took part in a training programme for 6 months.

He exercised within the recommended range.

Suggest what effect the training programme would have on his resting heart rate.
[1 mark]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5 (c) Muscles need extra energy during exercise. This energy comes from glucose.
Some glucose is stored in the muscles.

5 (c) (i) In what form do muscles store glucose?

[1 mark]
Draw a ring around the correct answer.

fructose glycogen protein starch

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5 (c) (ii) The increased heart rate during exercise supplied more glucose to the student’s muscle
cells.

Which other substance is needed to release energy from glucose?

[1 mark]

_____________________________________

5 (c) (iii) Name the process that releases energy from glucose in cells.
[1 mark]

_____________________________________

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6 There are many different types of cell in the human body.

6 (a) (i) Describe where epithelial cells are found in the human body.
[1 mark]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6 (a) (ii) Figure 6 shows an epithelial cell.

Figure 6

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Mitochondria
B

Name part A and part B.

[2 marks]

A _______________________________________

B _______________________________________

6 (b) What is the function of ribosomes?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

Aerobic respiration

Digestion

Photosynthesis

Protein synthesis

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6 (c) Carbon dioxide moves out of an epithelial cell by diffusion.

[2 marks]
What is diffusion?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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7 In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising

information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.

Figure 7 shows part of a plant called cross-leaved heath.

Figure 7

A student noticed that some areas of marshland contained cross-leaved heath plants
and some areas did not.

The student made the following hypothesis:

‘Soil pH affects the amount of cross-leaved heath plants that grow in an area.’

How could the student use apparatus, including the quadrat and pH meter shown in
Figure 8, to find the range of pHs where the cross-leaved heath plants grew best?

You should include details of how the student could make sure the results are valid.
[6 marks]

Figure 8
1 m x 1 m quadrat Soil pH meter

Not to scale

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Extra space _________________________________________________________________________

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8 Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch.

8 (a) Complete the equation to show the breakdown of starch.

[1 mark]

amylase
Starch _______________________________

8 (b) Some students investigated the effect of pH on the activity of amylase.

The students:
 put 5 cm3 of pH5 solution + 1 cm3 of amylase solution into a test tube
 put 4 cm3 of starch suspension into a second test tube
 left both test tubes at room temperature for 5 minutes
 mixed the contents of the two test tubes
 removed a small sample of the mixture at 1-minute intervals
 tested each sample for starch
 timed how long it took to break down all the starch
 repeated each of the above steps at pH6, pH7 and pH8.

Figure 9 shows the students’ results.

Figure 9
10

Time taken 6
to break
down all 5
the starch
in minutes 4

0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
pH

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8 (b) (i) Give two variables which were controlled in this investigation.
[2 marks]

1 ___________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2 ___________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8 (b) (ii) The students tested samples of the reaction mixture for starch.
In each test, they added one drop of the reaction mixture to one drop of iodine solution
on a white tile.

 Iodine solution = light brown colour

 Iodine solution + starch = dark blue colour

Predict the colour seen in the iodine test on the samples of the pH6 reaction mixture
at 4 minutes and at 6 minutes.
[1 mark]
4 minutes _____________________________

6 minutes _____________________________

8 (b) (iii) The students concluded that amylase works best at pH7.
This may not be a valid conclusion.

Suggest two improvements to the investigation that would increase the validity of the
students’ conclusion.
[2 marks]

1 ___________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2 ___________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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8 (b) (iv) The students repeated the investigation at pH3.

What result would you expect at pH3?

Give a reason for your answer.

[2 marks]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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END OF QUESTIONS

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