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bUrXJZLXDQwKjKc8mIL1ZBSDB0DuPK_1kSemVv-wk/edit?tab=t.0
1. What do you know about endangered species? Illustrate with the
general statistics of the past and present.
Endangered species are organisms (sinh vật) at serious risk of disappearing
from the planet. This is mainly due to human activities and environmental
changes, such as habitat destruction and pollution. Scientists estimate that
over 1 million species are now threatened with extinction. This means we are
losing biodiversity at an unprecedented rate (tỷ lệ chưa từng có).
For example, the Siberian tiger is one of the most critically endangered
species. Their population has declined drastically (giảm mạnh) because of
illegal (bất hợp pháp) hunting and deforestation. Today, only around 500
remain in the wild, mostly in Russia and parts of China. Similarly, some sea
turtles, like the Hawksbill turtle, face extinction due to plastic pollution and
overfishing. These turtles often mistake plastic for food, which can harm or
kill them.
To conclude, the loss of these species is a global issue requiring immediate
action. Protecting habitats and reducing pollution are crucial (quan trọng)
steps to save these animals and maintain balance in ecosystems (hệ sinh thái).
2. Should people be concerned about endangered species? Why or why
not? Provide justification.
Why should we care about endangered species? Beyond their beauty, they’re
essential for the health of our planet. Let’s explore why their survival matters
to us all.
Yes, people should definitely be concerned about endangered species.
Protecting them is essential for maintaining biodiversity, which keeps
ecosystems balanced and functional. When a species becomes extinct, it
disrupts (làm gián đoạn) the food chain (chuỗi), which can lead to further
loss of wildlife and even affect human survival (sống sót).
For instance, bees play a critical role in pollinating crops (thụ phấn cho cây
trồng). Without them, food production would decline, causing shortages
(thiếu hụt) and economic problems. Similarly, sea turtles help maintain
healthy oceans by controlling jellyfish populations and supporting seagrass
(cỏ biển) growth. If these turtles disappear, marine ecosystems may collapse
(sụp đổ), affecting fisheries (ngư nghiệp) and coastal communities (cộng
đồng ven biển).
In summary, endangered species are vital (thiết yếu) to the planet’s health
and human well-being. Protecting them is not just about saving animals but
also about securing our own future.
3. Research an endangered species in Vietnam. What are some reasons
leading to this? What should be done to protect the species?
The Indochinese tiger in Vietnam is critically endangered, with fewer than 20
individuals left in the wild. One major cause is habitat loss, with over 50% of
tiger habitats in Southeast Asia being destroyed due to deforestation and
human activities. Another significant issue is poaching; around 100 tigers are
killed each year globally for their body parts, according to the World Wildlife
Fund.
To protect these tigers, we need stronger law enforcement to prevent
poaching. More patrols in protected areas and stricter penalties are essential.
Habitat restoration is also critical—reforestation and creating wildlife
corridors can reconnect fragmented habitats, providing tigers with safe places
to live and hunt. A study by the Wildlife Conservation Society shows that
such efforts can significantly improve tiger populations. Additionally,
educating local communities about the importance of conservation can help
reduce human-tiger conflicts. Lastly, international cooperation is vital to
combat cross-border poaching and trafficking.
By implementing these strategies based on scientific research, Vietnam can
help ensure the survival of its tiger population for future generations.
4. Research an endangered species in Australia or a country of your
choice. What are causes? Has the Governement been making any
attempts in protecting this
In Australia, the Leadbeater’s possum is critically endangered, with fewer
than 50 individuals left in the wild. The main reasons for its decline are
habitat loss from logging and the destruction of forests due to bushfires.
Studies have shown that habitat loss from clearfell logging has significantly
reduced the available living space for these possums, pushing them closer to
extinction.
The Australian government has taken several measures to protect endangered
species like the Leadbeater's possum. The Environment Protection and
Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) provides legal protection to
threatened species, and a Recovery Plan has been developed to protect the
possum's habitat. Additionally, the government’s Threatened Species
Strategy aims to protect 50 million hectares of land and improve the
trajectory of endangered species. Despite these efforts, challenges remain.
Research indicates that the effectiveness of these measures is limited, as
habitat loss continues to be a major threat to the species’ survival.
In summary, while there are significant efforts to protect the Leadbeater’s
possum, ongoing habitat destruction remains a challenge, requiring more
robust and effective conservation policies.
5. What is a hybrid animal? How is it created? Compare and contrast
with a normal one. Are there any real-life examples?
A hybrid animal is the offspring produced by the mating of two different
species, often from the same genus. This can occur either naturally or through
human intervention. For example, when a male lion mates with a female
tiger, the result is a liger. Hybrids are typically created by mating animals
with similar genetic backgrounds but different traits. This breeding can lead
to offspring that combine physical characteristics from both parents.
Hybrid animals are different from normal animals, as they often have a mix
of features from both species. For instance, a liger is typically larger than
both its parent species, the lion and the tiger. However, many hybrids face
fertility issues. For example, ligers are usually sterile and cannot reproduce,
unlike purebred lions or tigers. In contrast, normal animals of the same
species can reproduce freely and maintain a stable population.
In the wild, natural hybrids do occur, such as the mule, which is the offspring
of a donkey and a horse. These hybrids are generally created for specific
purposes, like working animals or to combine desirable traits from both
species. Despite the interest in hybrid animals, issues such as reduced fertility
and potential health problems make them less viable in nature compared to
purebred animals.
6. What health problems may a hybrid animal face? Illustrate with
visualizations and examples. Make some suggestions if possible
Hybrid animals can face various health problems due to their mixed genetic
backgrounds. For example, the liger, a hybrid of a lion and tiger, tends to be
much larger than both its parents, which can lead to joint problems and
physical stress on its body. Additionally, ligers are typically sterile, meaning
they cannot reproduce, which is a common issue for many hybrid animals.
Another example is the mule, the offspring of a horse and a donkey. While
mules are known for their strength and endurance, they often face issues like
infertility, as most mules are sterile. They may also experience some genetic
complications, like hoof problems and difficulties in maintaining balance due
to their mixed heritage.
To improve the health of hybrid animals, it is important to consider their
genetic limitations and provide proper veterinary care, balanced nutrition, and
appropriate living environments to help them thrive.
7. What is de-extinction? What are the pros when scientists and
conservationists decide to apply this practice?
De-extinction refers to the process of bringing back extinct species through
scientific techniques, such as cloning, genetic engineering, or selective
breeding. This practice is still in its early stages, but it has gained attention as
a potential way to restore species that have disappeared due to human activity
or environmental changes.
One of the main advantages of de-extinction is that it could help restore
biodiversity, especially for species that played key roles in their ecosystems.
For example, bringing back extinct species like the woolly mammoth could
help combat climate change by restoring grasslands in the Arctic, which
would help store carbon and maintain healthy ecosystems. Another potential
benefit is the preservation of species that are genetically similar to extinct
ones, like the passenger pigeon. These species could potentially repopulate
areas where their natural habitats have been destroyed, helping to restore
ecological balance.
Additionally, de-extinction could raise awareness about the importance of
conservation. It could inspire people to take action to protect current species
that are at risk of extinction. However, while the concept is promising, there
are still significant challenges to overcome, such as ensuring that these
species can survive and thrive in modern ecosystems.
8. What are the disadvantages of de-extinction? Are there any possible
solutions?
While de-extinction presents some exciting possibilities, it also comes with a
number of disadvantages. One major concern is the potential ecological
impact. Reintroducing extinct species into their former habitats could disrupt
existing ecosystems. For example, species that were once extinct may not fit
well into today's environment, which may have changed significantly since
their disappearance. This could result in competition with existing species, or
even lead to the extinction of other animals and plants.
Another issue is the high cost and technical challenges involved in de-
extinction. The process requires advanced technologies like genetic
engineering and cloning, which are expensive and often inefficient. Even if a
species is brought back, it may face difficulties in reproducing and
establishing a sustainable population. Furthermore, focusing on de-extinction
might divert resources and attention away from protecting endangered
species that still exist and need immediate conservation efforts.
To address these challenges, one possible solution is to focus on protecting
existing ecosystems and species before they go extinct. This means investing
more in conservation efforts, such as habitat restoration and anti-poaching
measures. Additionally, careful planning should be involved if de-extinction
is pursued, ensuring that reintroduced species are monitored and integrated
into their ecosystems in a controlled manner. Lastly, more research is needed
to fully understand the long-term impacts of bringing back extinct species, so
that we can make informed decisions about their potential reintroduction.
9. How important is customer feedback to a company when it is
developing a product? Explain your answer and give an example.
Customer feedback is crucial for a company when developing a product, as it
provides valuable insights into consumer preferences, helps identify potential
improvements, and minimizes the risk of product failure. Theoretically,
customer feedback serves as a direct communication channel between
businesses and end-users, allowing firms to tailor their products to meet
actual market demands. According to research by PwC in 2021, 73% of
consumers stated that their purchasing decisions were influenced by how well
a product aligned with their specific needs. This highlights the importance of
understanding customer expectations during the development phase.
For instance, Apple uses extensive customer feedback to improve its
products. Before launching the Apple Watch, the company collected input
from over 10,000 potential users through surveys and usability studies. Based
on this feedback, Apple incorporated features like customizable straps and
advanced health-tracking sensors, which ultimately contributed to its market
success, capturing 31% of the global smartwatch market share by 2022.
In summary, customer feedback not only guides companies in making data-
driven decisions but also fosters customer loyalty by ensuring the end product
aligns with user requirements. Therefore, it plays an indispensable role in
product development.
10. Discuss some ways that can be used to get customer feedback.
Illustrate with real-world cases.
Obtaining customer feedback is essential for businesses to understand
consumer needs and improve their products or services. There are several
effective methods to gather feedback, ranging from direct interactions to
leveraging technology.
One common approach is conducting surveys and questionnaires, which
provide structured feedback. For instance, Airbnb frequently sends post-stay
surveys to both hosts and guests to assess their experience. Based on this
feedback, Airbnb introduced features like "Instant Booking" and "Superhost"
status, improving usability and increasing customer satisfaction by 20% in
2022.
Another method is using social media platforms, where businesses can
monitor customer opinions in real time. For example, Nike uses Twitter to
engage with customers, addressing complaints and gathering feedback on its
products. In 2021, Nike identified a demand for more eco-friendly options,
leading to the development of their sustainable “Move to Zero” campaign,
which helped increase sales by 15%.
Additionally, companies utilize product testing or beta programs to gather
feedback before a full launch. Microsoft uses this strategy by inviting users to
test new software through the Windows Insider Program. Feedback from
millions of users helps Microsoft address bugs and improve features,
ensuring smoother releases and higher user satisfaction rates.
In conclusion, collecting customer feedback through surveys, social media,
and beta testing ensures businesses can adapt to customer preferences,
enhancing product success and brand loyalty.
11. Examine a well-designed product. Describe the item. Why, in your
opinion, is it designed well?
The Kindle eBook reader, developed by Amazon, is an excellent example of
a well-designed product. It is a lightweight, portable device specifically
created for reading digital books. Featuring an e-ink display, the Kindle
mimics the appearance of printed text, reducing eye strain compared to
traditional screens. Its long battery life—lasting up to several weeks on a
single charge—is another standout feature, making it highly practical for
readers.
One reason the Kindle is well-designed is its focus on user convenience. The
device’s compact size and minimal weight, often under 200 grams, allow
users to carry thousands of books without physical bulk. Moreover, the
adjustable screen brightness ensures readability in various lighting
conditions, from bright sunlight to a dark room.
Another strength lies in its integration with the Amazon ecosystem. Users
can purchase, download, and synchronize books across devices seamlessly,
which significantly enhances accessibility. For example, a 2022 Statista
survey showed that 72% of Kindle users appreciated its synchronization
features, allowing them to pick up reading on any device.
In my opinion, the Kindle’s design is successful because it combines
functionality with simplicity. By prioritizing reading-specific features like the
e-ink display and accessibility to a vast library, Amazon has created a product
that perfectly addresses the needs of modern readers.
12. Examine a well-designed product. Describe the item. What, in your
opinion, can be done to make the design even better?
A well-designed product that stands out is the Apple iPhone. The iPhone is
known for its sleek, minimalist design and powerful performance. It features
a high-resolution Retina display, offering vibrant colors and sharp details,
which enhances the user experience. The phone is lightweight yet durable,
with a glass front and back encased in an aluminum frame. The user
interface, iOS, is intuitive, making navigation seamless, and the camera
system is consistently praised for its high-quality photos and videos.
Additionally, the iPhone supports regular software updates, which keeps the
device relevant for years.
Despite its strengths, there are areas for potential improvement. Battery life
is one area where the iPhone could be enhanced. Although Apple has made
strides in this area, many users still feel that the battery drains quickly,
especially with heavy usage. A larger, longer-lasting battery could be
incorporated without significantly increasing the size of the device, providing
users with more convenience.
Another improvement could be expandable storage. Currently, iPhones do
not support SD cards or similar external storage, which can be a limitation for
users who need more space for apps, photos, or videos. Adding this feature
would give users greater flexibility, allowing them to manage their storage
needs without constantly relying on cloud services or deleting files.
Finally, the price point remains a concern for many consumers. While the
iPhone offers premium features, it is also expensive compared to other
smartphones. Apple could consider introducing more budget-friendly options
with slightly fewer features, offering accessibility to a broader range of
customers.
In conclusion, while the iPhone is undoubtedly a well-designed and
innovative product, improvements in battery life, storage options, and
affordability could enhance its overall appeal and make it even more user-
friendly.
13. What types of products or items do young people consider useful but
older individuals may not? Why would that be the case?Is there anything
that can be done to change someone's opinion for the better?
Young people often consider wireless earphones as essential, using them for
convenience, music, and communication. According to a 2020 survey by
Statista, around 68% of individuals aged 18-34 reported using wireless
earbuds regularly, citing their ease of use and portability. In contrast, older
individuals, particularly those over 50, may not view wireless earphones as
necessary. They are more likely to stick to traditional wired headphones,
which they find simpler and more reliable. A study by Pew Research Center
in 2021 found that only 35% of individuals aged 50 and older used wireless
audio devices, indicating a clear preference for more familiar technology.
The reasons for this difference stem from generational gaps in technology
adoption. Younger people have grown up surrounded by smartphones and
wireless devices, making them more comfortable with new technologies. On
the other hand, older generations are often less accustomed to these
advancements and may find wireless earphones unnecessary, preferring the
tactile feel and straightforward use of wired options.
To change someone's opinion for the better, it’s essential to focus on
demonstrating the practical benefits. For example, highlighting how
wireless earphones can improve convenience, such as hands-free calling or
better mobility during activities like exercising, can be persuasive.
Additionally, showing how easy it is to set up and use these devices, along
with their long battery life, could address concerns about complexity. A
hands-on demonstration can also go a long way in making the technology
more approachable. By making the product seem relevant to their daily lives
and emphasizing its benefits, it’s possible to shift perceptions and encourage
adoption of wireless earphones among older individuals.
14. Discuss different ways product desingers source inspiration and
devise new ideas.
Product designers rely on a variety of methods to source inspiration and
develop new ideas. These approaches can be broadly categorized into
external and internal sources of creativity.
Externally, designers often look to nature for inspiration. Biophilic design,
which draws from natural forms and processes, has been shown to enhance
creativity and well-being. For example, the design of the Lotus Temple in
India was inspired by the shape of a lotus flower, creating a harmonious
connection between the structure and its environment. According to a 2019
study by the American Institute of Architects, 75% of designers believe
nature significantly influences their design process.
Another common method is user research. By conducting surveys,
interviews, and observing how people interact with products, designers can
identify pain points and areas for improvement. For instance, in 2018, the
company IDEO conducted ethnographic research with parents to design a
more intuitive baby stroller, which led to the creation of a product that
simplified usage and addressed common frustrations. This research-driven
approach is vital because it helps designers develop products that truly meet
the needs of the target audience.
Internally, many designers use brainstorming sessions to generate innovative
ideas. This process can involve individual reflection or group collaboration.
Studies indicate that group brainstorming can lead to 20% more creative
solutions compared to working alone. A famous example is Apple's design
team, which, under the leadership of Jony Ive, created products like the
iPhone and iPad by regularly exchanging ideas and building on one another’s
concepts.
Additionally, designers often turn to trends in technology and materials.
Innovations like 3D printing and sustainable materials are shaping the future
of product design. A study by Deloitte found that 47% of designers now
consider sustainability as one of their top priorities when sourcing ideas for
new products.
In conclusion, product designers draw inspiration from a combination of
nature, user feedback, collaboration, and technological advancements. These
diverse sources of creativity not only spark fresh ideas but also help designers
create products that are functional, innovative, and aligned with current
trends.
15. Numerous new products are being designed and manufactured in the
present day. Do you consider it important to do so? Why or why not?
In today's rapidly evolving world, the design and manufacturing of new
products are highly important for several reasons. Firstly, innovation drives
progress, enhancing the quality of life by providing solutions to emerging
problems. For example, the development of electric vehicles (EVs) has
played a critical role in reducing carbon emissions, addressing environmental
concerns, and meeting the growing demand for sustainable transportation.
According to the International Energy Agency, global EV sales surged by
40% in 2023, highlighting the increasing need for eco-friendly products.
Secondly, new products contribute to economic growth. The continuous
creation of innovative products leads to the expansion of industries, the
generation of new jobs, and the improvement of overall productivity. A
report by McKinsey & Company indicates that innovation-driven industries
are responsible for over 60% of global GDP growth, underlining the
economic value of new product development.
However, it is also important to recognize the potential drawbacks. The
overproduction of new products can lead to waste and environmental harm,
especially if these products are not designed with sustainability in mind. The
Ellen MacArthur Foundation reports that the global textile industry alone
generates over 92 million tons of waste annually, much of which could be
reduced with more mindful product design and manufacturing.
In conclusion, designing and manufacturing new products is crucial for
addressing societal needs and fostering economic growth. However, it is
equally important to ensure that these innovations are sustainable and
mindful of their environmental impact, in order to promote long-term well-
being for both people and the planet.
16. Discuss mobile-first design. How is it applied in real-world cases?
Mobile-first design is an approach where designers prioritize creating
products or websites for mobile devices before adapting them to desktop
versions. This strategy is particularly important in today's digital world,
where mobile device usage has surpassed desktop usage. According to
Statista, over 54% of global website traffic in 2024 comes from mobile
devices, making it essential for businesses to focus on optimizing user
experiences for these platforms.
One of the key principles of mobile-first design is simplicity. Since mobile
screens are smaller than desktop screens, designers must prioritize essential
features, making sure the interface is user-friendly and the design is visually
clean. A study by Google in 2023 found that mobile users are 2.5 times more
likely to abandon a website if it takes more than 3 seconds to load. This
demonstrates the need for fast, responsive designs that load quickly on
mobile devices.
A real-world example of mobile-first design is the website for the fast-food
chain Domino’s. In response to the growing demand for mobile orders, the
company revamped its website and app with mobile-first principles, focusing
on creating an easy, quick, and seamless ordering experience for customers
on smartphones. This has led to increased sales, with over 60% of Domino’s
U.S. orders now being made through digital channels, many of which are
mobile.
Another example can be seen in the e-commerce industry. Amazon has
optimized its mobile app to allow for smooth navigation and one-click
purchasing, catering to the mobile shopping habits of users. As of 2023, more
than 70% of Amazon's global revenue comes from mobile sales, proving the
effectiveness of a mobile-first approach.
In conclusion, mobile-first design is essential in the digital age, where mobile
devices dominate internet usage. By focusing on simplicity, speed, and
usability, businesses can enhance user experiences and ultimately drive better
engagement and sales. Real-world examples like Domino's and Amazon
highlight the significant impact that mobile-first design has on business
success.
