Part 3

10 Physical Divisions of India

ANSWERS
Main coursebook
GET SET, GO!
1. c 2. a 3. d 4. b
I CAN DO IT!
1. Himadri. 3. ASSAM 5. True
2. Karakoram Range 4. Kanniyakumari
READ AND ANSWER
A. 1. b 2. a 3. d 4. c 5. b
B. 1. Purvachal 2. silt 3. Thar 4. Nilgiri 5. Arabian
C. 1. The five physical divisions of India are
l the northern mountains,
l the northern and coastal plains,
l the western desert,
l the southern plateaus, and
l the islands.
2. There are three parallel ranges in the Himalayas.
These ranges are the Greater Himalaya or the Himadri, the Middle Himalaya or the Himachal
and the Outer Himalaya or the Shiwalik.
3. The plain that lies along the coast is a coastal plain.
The Coromandel Coast is a part of the Eastern Coastal Plain.
4. The Aravalli Range, the Vindhya Range and the Rajmahal Hills surround the Central Highlands.
5. Andaman and Nicobar Islands are hilly, while Lakshadweep islands are flat.
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D. No, I cannot travel to Andaman and Nicobar Islands or to Lakshadweep by train. This is because
both Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep are islands located in the Bay of Bengal
Knowledge Trail 4 Social Studies – Answers
and the Arabian Sea respectively. They are separated from the mainland by vast stretches of
water. Since trains cannot be used to travel through water, we need ships or aeroplanes to travel
to these places.
E. 1. This is a glacier.
2. A slow-moving river of ice and snow is called a glacier.
 DO AND LEARN
H.
P P K L M R D S W E L A B
O M A L A B A R C O A S T
L O R R K S U T N E K L A
L U S H A I H I L L S H A
S N N K L G P N M D H A O
A T E G A N G A P L A I N
U E S R L A L N E S D M M
A V E W O R E E G L W S R
D E C C A N P L A T E A U
E R A O W E I B E L E L S
E E I P C P A A H T P S S
I S H I M A L A Y A S L T
P T H A R D E S E R T T L

Worksheet
A. 1. Himachal 2. Ganga 3. Aravalli 4. Deccan 5. hilly
B. 1. e 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. d
C. 1. The northern mountains is divided into three parts.
They are the Himalayas, the Karakoram Range and the Purvachal Hill Ranges.
2. The Eastern Coastal Plain is divided into two parts.
They are the Northern Circars and the Coromandel Coast.
3. The land surrounded by water on all sides is called an island.
Two island groups of India are Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep.

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Knowledge Trail 4 Social Studies – Answers
 11 Rivers of India

ANSWERS
Main coursebook
GET SET, GO!
Kaveri, Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus, Narmada, Godavari
I CAN DO IT!
1. False 2. perennial 3. Padma 4. YAMUNA 5. Dihang
READ AND ANSWER
A. 1. Bhagirathi 2. Yamuna 3. Brahmaputra 4. Godavari 5. Narmada
B. 1. perennial 2. Yamuna 3. rain 4. Odisha 5. Bay of Bengal
C. 1. Two types of rivers on the basis of their origin are the Himalayan rivers and the peninsular rivers.
2. The perennial rivers receive water both from melting of snow and from rain. Hence they carry
water throughout the year. On the other hand, the non-perennial rivers receive water only from
rain. Hence they do not carry water throughout the year.
3. Sometimes a river splits into branches. These branches are called distributaries.
Two distributaries of River Ganga are Padma and Hugli.
4. Some peninsular rivers are Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Narmada and Tapi.
(Accept any three of these.)
5. River Krishna originates from the Western Ghats in Maharashtra.
It drains into the Bay of Bengal.
D. Non-perennial rivers get water only from rain. They almost dry up during summer when there
is no rain. Hence these rivers cannot provide water for irrigation during summer and as such
not suitable for agriculture.
E. 1. This type of mouth of a river is called an estuary.
2. River Narmada forms an estuary.
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DO AND LEARN
G. 1. Brahmaputra 3. Ganga 5. Vaigai Knowledge Trail 4 Social Studies – Answers
2. Jhelum 4. Yamuna 6. Narmada

Worksheet
A. 1. d 2. b 3. d 4. c
B. 1. Zanskar 2. Sundarban 3. non-perennial 4. Godavari 5. estuary.
C. 1. The Himalayan rivers get water from the melting of snow and from rain. Thus they carry water
throughout the year.
2. Some rivers that drain into the Bay of Bengal are Ganga, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Godavari,
Krishna and Kaveri. (Accept any three of these.)
 12 People of India

ANSWERS
Main coursebook
GET SET, GO!
Accept relevant response.
BOBO’S CORNER
Accept relevant response.
I CAN DO IT!
1. True 2. Sikkim 3. DOGRI 4. Konkani 5. Kannada
READ AND ANSWER

A. LANGUAGE FESTIVAL FOOD

Santhali Taj Mahotsav vindaloo
Kokborok Gandhi Jayanti litti-chokha
Malayalam Pongal shrikhand
B. 1. Uttar Pradesh 2. Hindi 3. religious 4. rice 5. Rajasthan
C. 1. People prefer to live in areas which have flat agricultural land, fertile soil, moderate climate
and availability of water, and all these factors are available in the northern and coastal plains.
Thus more people live here.
2. The difference in the way Hindi and Kashmiri are written is that Hindi is written from left to
right. Kashmiri, on the other hand, is written from right to left.
3. Three national festivals are celebrated in India.
They are Republic Day, Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti.
4. Vegetarians eat only foodgrains, pulses, vegetables and fruits.
Some sweet dishes popular in India are shrikhand, kulfi, payasam, gajar ka halwa, rasgulla and
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khapse. (Accept any two of these.)
5. We, the people of India, live in different states, follow different religions, eat different types
Knowledge Trail 4 Social Studies – Answers

of food, celebrate different festivals, speak different languages and follow different lifestyles.
Despite these diversities, we are citizens of India. We are one and we all are Indians. Our
national flag and national anthem bind us together. We love our country.
D. Rajasthan is bigger than Uttar Pradesh in terms of area, but is less populated than Uttar Pradesh.
This is because a major part of Rajasthan is desert with hot and dry climate. Moreover, there
are very few streams which flow through the state and they mostly remain dry. Thus agriculture
is carried out in pockets where water is available. On the other hand, Uttar Pradesh has fertile
agricultural land, moderate climate and abundant supply of water which support population.
E. 1. This is eromba.
2. It is popular in Manipur.
DO AND LEARN
F. 1. Sikkim 3. Gujarat 5. Bihar, Jharkhand
2. Kerala 4. Jammu & Kashmir 6. Goa

INTEGRATION
K. Accept relevant response.

Worksheet
A. 1. northern plains 3. 2 October 5. different
2. Sindhi 4. western
B. 1. e 2. a 3. d 4. c 5. b
C. 1. Population is the total number of people that live in a country.
At present, the total population of India is more than 1.21 billion.
2. The harvest festivals are celebrated when the crops have been cut.
Makar Sankranti is the most popular harvest festival celebrated across India.
3. Some refreshment drinks popular in India are masala chai, kahwa, buttermilk, aam panna,
lassi and coconut water. (Accept any two of these.)

My page
A. 1. Thar Desert 2. perennial river 3. non-perennial river 4. island
B. Accept any relevant response.

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Knowledge Trail 4 Social Studies – Answers

 13 Environmental Pollution

ANSWERS
Main coursebook
GET SET, GO!
1. green 2. red 3. green 4. red 5. green 6. red
I CAN DO IT!
1. Pollution 2. air 3. SMOG 4. water 5. False
READ AND ANSWER
A. 1. Asthma 2. water 3. land 4. Decibel 5. Brahmani
B. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T
C. 1. The introduction of pollutants into the environment is called pollution.
Four main types of pollution are air pollution, water pollution, land pollution and noise pollution.
2. Some of the gases, released from factories and vehicles, mix with water droplets in the air to
form weak acids. When it rains, the acid falls on the Earth. This is called acid rain.
Acid rain is an effect of air pollution.
3. Some measures that we can adopt to prevent water pollution are:
l Never throw household and chemical waste, and plastic into water bodies.
l Sewage should be treated in water treatment plants before being discharged into
water bodies.
Avoid bathing, and washing clothes and utensils in water bodies.
l

l Avoid bathing animals in water bodies.

(Accept any three of these.)
4. The release of harmful substances or their accumulation on land is called land pollution.
Land gets polluted by
l dumping household garbage and factory waste in the open.
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l using chemical fertilizers and pesticides in fields.
l refuse from forests, agriculture and mines.
Knowledge Trail 4 Social Studies – Answers

5. In Sukinda Valley mining is an important occupation. This activity generates a lot of refuse
which has polluted the soil and made it infertile.
D. A bicycle is more environment friendly. This is because it does not emit fumes and cause
air pollution.
E. 1. The type of pollution caused here is noise pollution.
2. This type of pollution is harmful because it leads to constant headaches, loss of hearing,
increase in blood pressure and stress. It also disturbs a person’s sleeping pattern and
causes irritation.
INTEGRATION
J. 1. b 2. c 3. a
 Worksheet
A. 1. effect 2. water 3. Manure 4. noise 5. Mining
B. 1. b 2. c 3. a 4. e 5. d
C. 1. Smoke from factories and vehicles mixes with fog to form smog.
Smog reduces visibility and makes it difficult to breathe.
2. Some causes of noise pollution are honking of vehicles, listening to music and watching
television on a high volume, use of loudspeakers, use of home appliances such as vacuum
cleaners, washing machines, air conditioners and mixer-grinders, bursting firecrackers and
sound of machines used during construction work. (Accept any three of these.)

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Knowledge Trail 4 Social Studies – Answers

 14 Waste Disposal

ANSWERS
Main coursebook
GET SET, GO!
COMPOST – 1, 5, 6, 10
PAPER – 2, 4,
PLASTIC & METAL – 3, 7, 8, 9
I CAN DO IT!
1. POLLUTES 2. biodegradable 3. False 4. open dumping 5. incinerator.
READ AND ANSWER
A. 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. b 5. d
B. 1. waste/garbage 3. composting 5. recycle
2. biodegradable 4. reduce
C. 1. It is important to dispose of garbage properly as it affects our environment. It pollutes land,
water and air and makes our surroundings dirty and ugly. Garbage causes drains to get choked
and gives off foul smell. Flies, mosquitoes and rats breed in the garbage and spread diseases.
2. The differences between biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste are:

BIODEGRADABLE WASTE NON-BIODEGRADABLE WASTE

a. Biodegradable waste rots easily and a. Non-biodegradable waste does not rot and
mixes with the soil. mix with the soil easily.
b. Leftover food, fruit and vegetable b. Plastic goods, polythene bags, silver foil,
peels, paper, fallen leaves, and human aluminium cans, glass, metals and parts
and animal waste are examples of of electronic goods are examples of
biodegradable waste. non-biodegradable waste.
30 c. Microorganisms such as bacteria and c. Non-biodegradable waste do not get
fungi decompose biodegradable waste. decomposed. They remain in the
environment for many years and pollute it.
Knowledge Trail 4 Social Studies – Answers

3.Different methods of waste disposal are open dumping, landfills, incineration and composting.
4. In open dumping method, waste is taken far away from the town or city and dumped in the
open. On the other hand, in the landfill method deep ditches are dug on the outskirts of cities
and waste is dumped in them. When the ditches are full, they are covered with soil, and in
some cases, parks and gardens are built over them.
5. The three Rs are reduce, reuse and recycle.
The benefits of recycling are it saves raw materials and the energy required to produce a
product, and it also reduces pollution.
D. Incineration plants are also called waste-to-energy plants because the heat produced as a result of
burning waste in an incineration plant is used to generate electricity.
E. 1. This method of waste disposal is called composting.
2. Composting is regarded as the most environment-friendly method because in this method
biodegradable waste from kitchens and gardens is put in compost pits or compost bins.
This waste turns into compost. As compost is a nutrient-rich food for plants, so it is used
by farmers to increase soil fertility.
INTEGRATION
J. 1. bangles 2. ice-cream sticks 3. egg cartons

Worksheet
A. 1. Waste, Garbage (Accept any one of these.)
2. two 3. decompose. 4. landfill 5. reduce.
B. 1. glass 2. paper 3. microorganisms 4. incinerator 5. renew
C. 1. Waste which do not rot and mix with the soil easily are called non-biodegradable waste.
2. Burning of waste into ashes in a furnace at a high temperature is called incineration.
3. Turning of waste into compost by putting the waste inside a compost pit or compost bin is
called composting.
4. To produce a new product from a used or waste material is called recycling.

My Page
A. 1. Of the three Rs, reuse has been applied here.
2. When we use a thing again for another purpose, it is called reuse. In this picture, we see
that waste tin cans have been used to plant saplings. Thus we can say that ‘reuse’ has been
applied here.
B. Yes
C.
N N S G A R N O G L C O
P O L L U T A N T S O I
O U L R G S G S E R M H
T A D E A R E J E O P O 31
I N C I N E R A T I O N
S M O G C C C U G P S K Knowledge Trail 4 Social Studies – Answers

U M F R R Y T N A I T I
A I A C A C I D R A I N
U R I L D L G I B O N G
R E F U S E E C A D G E
S R A C R I E E G A I U
M O H I O I I O E G K E
 MODEL TEST PAPER
A. 1. southern plateaus 3. natural 5. Composting
2. Nabanna 4. Andaman and Nicobar Islands 6. Malabar
B. 1. e 2. d 3. f 4. a 5. c 6. b
C. 1. peninsula 3. Karnataka 5. non-biodegradable
2. glacier 4. noise 6. Shiwalik
D. 1. This activity causes land pollution.
2. Some other causes of land pollution are dumping household garbage and factory waste in
the open, using chemical fertilizers and pesticides in fields, and refuse from forests,
agriculture and mines. (Accept any two of these.)

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Knowledge Trail 4 Social Studies – Answers