UNDERSTANDING THE MULTIFACETED IMPACT OF PARENTAL

INFLUENCE TO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN SAINT MARY’S

COLLEGE OF TAGUM INC.

___________________________________

A Qualitative Research Presented to the Senior High School Faculty

St. Mary’s College of Tagum, Inc.
Tagum City, Davao del Norte

___________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

Subject Practical Research 1: Qualitative
Research

___________________________________

DE GUZMAN, PRINCE RICH MATTHEW

PAGAL, CHRISTIAN JACOBE
MASANGUID, MARY QUEEN
CANDIA, KARL ZANDRO
OROLAN, RODJENNO
MASIGA, NICOJOHN
IGAR, KYR PETER
TISBE, BRIGETH

February 2024
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

In the realm of education, the symbiotic relationship between parents and

schools plays a crucial role in shaping the path of a student's academic journey.

Challenges can arise when there is a lack of communication and alignment between

parents and schools, leading to misunderstandings and hindered support for the

student.

In Vietnam, students are pressured by their parents' high expectations in

academics. A study says this affects their health problems, like depression, and how

they avoid talking to their parents. As this study stated, "The more they study, the

more they are pressured." Many students in Vietnam, ages 14 to 19, are said to be

good students during middle and high school, and at the same time, they are also

pressured by their parents' expectations (Nguyen, 2022). Another study in Indonesia

states that parental influence has become crucial. Students are pressured by their

parents to achieve the highest accomplishments in school. The study explored the

influence of parents in terms of academic accomplishments (Handayani et al.,

2020). According to Man (2021), parents are recognized as one of the main causes

of students' academic stress in Singapore. Singaporean parents have high

expectations since they frequently hire private tutors to help their kids perform better

academically. As a result, students could grow afraid of performing below

expectations, especially when it comes to getting into their top universities. The

entire stress that students and their families endure is greatly increased by this

dynamic.

In the Philippines, Guillena et al. (2023) investigated the influence of

parenting style, parental involvement, and parents’ self-efficacy on the learning

motivation of elementary school students in Iligan City during the academic year
2022-2023. Encouraging kids can also be very crucial. In Cebu City, some parents

are lacked of support on their child causing to a poor behavior attitude in school,

leading to increased their tardiness and poor academic performance. The study also

stated that it lacks to define deeper in discussing the role as a parent to their child, It

needs insight through specific challenges that their child may be facing which could

prevent parents from having an impact on them (Garces et al., 2023)

In Tagum City, Amante et al. (2022) stated that in Grades 11 and 12,

students' academic motivation has decreased, affecting their academic

performance. The study investigates how parents will influence the academic

motivation of students. For students to succeed in their studies, they need to have a

strong psychological motivation. However, as a result of the current environment,

student performance in school has suffered as their passion for studying has

increasingly decreased.

The previous research in Tagum City conducted by Amante et al (2020)

entitled "The relationship between parental involvement and academic motivation of

Grade 11 and 12 senior high school students" has recognized the motivation of

parents on their children's academic growth, but their seems to be a significant

knowledge gap concerning the small details of parental participation in the senior

high school setting at Saint Mary's College of Tagum, Inc. The majority of their

research ignores the various parental influences on students' learning in favor of

concentrating on the motivational factor.

Understanding these factors is essential for educators, parents, and

policymakers to create targeted interventions that foster a more collaborative and

effective partnership between home and school. Thus, this research aims to

understand the existing gap by providing an understanding exploration of parental

influence in the specific context of Senior High School education in Saint Mary’s

College of Tagum Inc.

This study holds significance as it understands the different parental

influences on their senior high school students. Fostering collaboration between

researchers, educators, and parents can facilitate the development of more effective

strategies to enhance parent-school partnerships and improve educational

outcomes for all students.

The researchers plan to disseminate the outcomes from the researcher's

study on the impact of parents on senior high school students primarily through

releasing copies to libraries and educational conferences. The researchers’ goal is

to release copies in libraries because it can increase its accessibility to a larger

group of users, such as community members who frequently visit the library,

educators, researchers, and students. In addition, the researchers’ intend to give

presentations of the researchers’ study research at education conferences, which

will allow us to interact directly with those who are interested in the study.

Purpose of the Study

This phenomenological study aims to gain a complete understanding of the

relationship between senior high school students and their parents through

understanding the different factors between both subjects. The research aims to

understand various factors influencing the student's academic journey, including the

parents, by examining aspects such as parental guidance, expectations, and

academics.

At this stage of research, the multifaceted impact of parental influence is

defined as indicating that parental roles and behaviors can impact students'

academic achievement and overall educational experiences in a variety of complex

ways.
Research Questions

This study investigates parental influence on Senior High School students at

Saint Mary's College of Tagum Inc., aiming to improve educational practices and

support mechanisms for student benefit:

1. What are the multifaceted impact to senior high school student?

2. How do these parental influence affects on student’s learning?

3. What are the insights of the study?

Theoretical Lens

In examining the dynamics of parental influence on students, two prominent

theoretical lenses provide valuable perspectives: Albert Bandura's Social Learning

Theory emphasizes observation, imitation, and modeling in learning, highlighting the

influence of social interactions, cognitive processes, and environmental factors on

behavior and learning outcomes.

Another theory provided is Murray Bowen's Family Systems Theory

emphasizes the interconnectedness of family relationships, their impact on

individual behavior and development, and how these dynamics influence students'

experiences and academic learning. As the researchers explore these lenses, the

researchers aim is to expound complexities of how observed behaviors and family

relationships contribute to shaping student’s academic journey:

The Social Learning Theory by Albert Bandura (1977) stated that a child can

imitate others actions by observing them especially their parents. By just watching

and listening them, it can influence them. Bandura's theory has been influential in

various fields, including education, psychology, and sociology, providing insights

into how social interactions contribute to learning and behavior development. The
importance of paying attention to and imitating the actions, attitudes, and emotional

responses of others is emphasized by Albert Bandura's theory of social learning,

also known as observational learning. Bandura stated in 1977 that learning would

be extremely difficult, if not dangerous, if a person had to rely only on the results of

our actions to guide our comprehension of a subject. Fortunately, most human

behavior is picked up through demonstrating and observation: ideas for new

behaviors are picked up by observing others (Learning Everest Team, 2024).

As this theory relates to the researchers’ topic, parent serves as their role

models in their lives. Children or students will watch and hear their parents from

actions to verbal communication, this can influence them little by little. Every student

has a different behavior, and this behavior may have been influenced to the

environment where they come from. Bandura's theory suggests that individuals

learn by seeing the behaviors of others, especially those in close authority figures

like parents. The research could investigate how the behaviors, attitudes, and

expectations demonstrated by parents influence various aspects of Senior High

School students' experiences in academic performance. By applying the Social

Learning Theory, it can explore how parental modeling and reinforcement contribute

to the shaping of students' beliefs, values, and actions during their high school years

at Saint Mary's College of Tagum Inc.

Furthermore, Murray Bowen (1966) also proposed the Family System

Theory, it is said that this theory views the family as a complex system, with each

member influencing and being influenced by others. Any change in one family

member has the potential to affect the entire system and possibly even cause

changes in other family members. The parent-child relationship is the target of many

interventions meant to help children change their behavior, but it might be more

advantageous to concentrate on the family as a whole (Robbins et al., 1998).

 The theory connects to the researchers’ study by examining how family

dynamics influence parental influence on student behavior. The theory emphasizes

the interconnectedness of family members and how emotional processes within the

family system can impact individual behavior. For example, both parents raising and

giving advice to their child, this is a way to influence them. And at the same time, a

child will apply the advice that has given from their parents in their life. In the context

of the researchers’ study, the researchers could explore how family relationships

and communication patterns affect the parents' ability to influence their senior high

students in SMCTI, contributing to the multifaceted nature of parental influence on

student behavior.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This research delves deep into how parental influence shapes the

experiences of 15 students engaged in school environments. In this way, it could

potentially have an excellent benefit since it yields a great result at lowest cost. A

company named Nielsen Norman Group suggested that a total of 15 participants will

recognize the results for over 99% of the issues (Laja, n.d). The chosen participants

for this study are senior high students at Saint Mary's College of Tagum, who will

provide data through interviews to unravel the impact of parental influence. The

study will be conducted in the second semester of the 2023-2024 school year, from

February to April, the individuals taking part were from Tagum City.

This study is constrained by its reliance on the honest responses of senior

high school students whose education were directly influenced by their parents.

Although concentrating on the experiences of directly impacted students offers

valuable insights, the general applicability of the findings to a wider educational

context, encompassing those beyond the senior high school program, may be
limited. The relevance of the results may vary across different senior high school

environments, given the study's specific focus on St. Mary's College.

Significance of the study

This part explains that the result of the study may be beneficial to the

following:

Students. This research sheds light on the pivotal role of students, delving

into the intricate ways parental influence impacts their academic performance. By

exploring this dynamic, the study aims to empower students with a deeper

understanding of how parental involvement shapes their educational journey,

fostering an environment that encourages knowledge expansion.

Parents. This study brings parents to the forefront, recognizing them as key

influencers. This study will serve as a guide for parents to provide valuable support,

actively engage, and inspire their children in academic pursuits. Moreover, by

examining effective strategies, parents can set meaningful examples, creating a

positive atmosphere that motivates and nurtures their children's academic growth.

Teachers. Acknowledging teachers as the "second parents," this research

emphasizes the shared goal of achieving students' academic aspirations. It serves

as a reflective tool for teachers, encouraging them to align their objectives with

student success by providing guidance and support. By understanding the factors of

parental influence, teachers can enhance their role as mentors, contributing to a

collaborative effort in shaping students' educational experiences.

St. Mary’s College of Tagum Inc. The school may benefit from this study

because this will help them create a more supportive and effective learning

environment. Knowing how parental influence plays a role can guide the school in

developing programs that align with the needs and expectations of both students
and parents. It's like building a connection between home and school for better

educational outcomes.

Future researchers. This work can serve as both a foundational framework

and a resource for future studies aiming to delve deeper into the multifaceted impact

of parental influence on students' educational experiences. Potential research gaps

may include investigations focusing on parental influence specifically within the

realms of Junior High School or Grade School contexts.

Definition of Terms

Multifaceted. It has many facets or aspects (Merriam-Webster Dictionary,

2024). In this study, the term "multifaceted" means the intricate and varied

dimensions through which parental influence operates, encompassing the academic

performance that collectively shapes the overall experience of Senior High School

students at Saint Mary's College of Tagum Inc.

Parental Influence. Any opinion, attitude, or behavior that in any way forms

or shapes a child's reading attitudes is considered parental influence. Any direct

tutorial support a child receives with their reading is considered engagement (Nebor,

n.d). In this study, the parental influence encompasses a comprehensive exploration

of how parental guidance, support, and expectations shape the academic

performance of Senior High School students in the specified institution.

Senior High School. Students can select a specialization based on their

aptitude, interests, and the school's capacity during their two years of specialized

upper secondary education in senior high school. The subjects that a student will

take in Grades 11 and 12 will depend on the career track they select

(OfficialGazatte, n.d). In this study, the Senior High School, refers to the specific

educational level within Saint Mary's College of Tagum Inc., where the research
focuses on unraveling the diverse effects of parental influence on students'

academic journey.

Organization of the Study

In this section of the researchers’ paper, appropriate and comprehensive

arrangements of the study were presented:

Chapter 1 explains the investigation and comprehension of the research.

The research questions are published, and important terms are defined both

technically and operationally. This section outlines the limitations of the study.

Chapter 2 provides an overview of relevant readings, research, studies, and

concepts from concerned citizens and researchers that are comparable to the

current study. Online articles will provide us with the relevant literature that we used

for our investigation.

Chapter 3 explains the use of the qualitative research methodology;

participant confidentiality is connected to interviews. It describes the instruments

used in connection with the selected research design and methodology, including

details about the validity, reliability, and origin of the instruments.

 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In this chapter, the researchers are looking at how parents affect Senior

High School students at Saint Mary’s College of Tagum Inc. The researchers focus

on three main ideas: (1) Different style of parental are influence on student learning,

(2) The overall impact parents have on how students behave and (3) The role of

parental support in shaping student learning experiences. By exploring these areas,

the study aims to understand how parents influence their kids' school experiences

and how this understanding can help create better ways for parents to get involved

in the school community, leading to students doing better overall.

Different Style of Parental

Influence on Students
Learning

"Different Style of Parental Influence on Students Learning" in the main

headline implies that the purpose of the research or review article is to examine the

different style in which parents can influence the learning of their children. It

suggests a study of the various ways parents can affect their childrens’ academic

achievement and overall educational experience, especially when it comes to senior

high school students enrolled in Saint Mary's College of Tagum Inc.

An article published by Musengamana (2023), explores how parental

involvement affects childrens’ academic outcomes. The linked study provides wider

view by methodically examining different aspects of parental involvement and their

effects on childrens’ learning outcomes, while the researchers’ study focuses on

comprehending the various dynamics of parental influence on student learning. Both

studies advance our knowledge of the impact of parents on academic achievement.

The linked study offers a thorough summary of the body of research in this field,

enhancing the more focused investigation carried out in the researchers’ study.

Furthermore, Merlin, et. al. (2020) concluded that understanding the

elements of group dynamics that influence learning in small groups among

undergraduate students is crucial for educators. Similarly, the researchers’ study

delves into exploring the different dynamics of parental influence on student

learning. While the related study focuses on group dynamics within the educational

context, it shares a common goal with the researchers’ study in understanding the

factors that impact learning outcomes. Both studies aim to provide insights that can

help educators create optimal environments for learning, whether through

understanding group dynamics or parental involvement.

Hence, the study focus on how parents' involvement influences their kids'

academic success at Crescent International School in Bangkok, Thailand (Naite,

2021). The study, which involved twelve parents of secondary school students,

looked at the relationship between parental involvement and various demographic

characteristics such as age, income, marital status, education, and employment.

The results indicate that parental income has no appreciable impact, but that age,

marital status, employment status, and level of education are all highly significant

factors. Stronger academic achievement in students is associated with highly

involved parents. Increasing parent awareness, fostering a welcoming school

environment, and organizing frequent Parent-Teacher Association meetings are

some of the recommendations.

 In addition, majority of parents are deeply invested in their childrens

achievements across various domains, be it academics, arts, sports, or any other

pursuit the child may have. Parents are eager to support their children in realizing

their full capabilities. Studies have shown that parenting styles characterized by a

combination of high expectations and warmth result in children achieving high

academic performance. Conversely, when parents exhibit high expectations but lack

warmth and responsiveness, it often leads to lower academic performance in

children (Weicker, n.d).

However, Picardal (2022) investigated how parents influence their child to

achieve higher grades in schools. And the study indicates that most parents actively

participate in their childrens’ academic performance, underscoring the significance

of parental involvement in education. Picardal also stated that parents with higher

levels of education actively support and guide their children in pursuing their

academic aspirations.

Lastly, Smith (2020) stated that numerous research findings indicate that

parental parenting styles plays a crucial role in shaping students' academic

achievement and success. Moreover, these studies demonstrate the impact of

parenting styles on academic performance across various settings, including

different grade levels and countries. The limited availability of literature on the

correlation between African-American parenting styles and academic outcomes is

significant, given the absence of a universally accepted optimal approach to

parenting.

Parental Impact on
Students Learning

The headline "Parental Impact on Students Learning" emphasizes how

important parental involvement is in determining students' academic success and

how important it is to comprehend the complex dynamics of this influence in the

context of Saint Mary's College of Tagum Inc. senior high school education.

According to Schmid and Garrels (2021), parental social and financial

resources significantly affect their childrens’ degree of engagement and

involvement. It might be useful to find out more about the kinds of involvement that

are important to students in order to make decisions about how to support them.

The goal of the study is to investigate further the nature of parental involvement with

students between the ages of 16 and 18, with a focus on results that are thought to

be critical to their academic success.

In addition by Kong & Wang (2021) found that, when it comes to visual

programming, parental support and perceived usefulness have a major impact on

students' willingness to learn and their sense of flow. Their study aimed to

comprehend, from the viewpoint of parents, how parental roles affect young pupils'

flow experiences. As both studies stress the significance of parental engagement in

forming childrens attitudes and experiences in learning, this is consistent with the

researchers’ study on the impact of parents on student learning. Although the study

focuses on visual programming specifically, their findings highlight the importance of

parental involvement in a variety of educational domains by highlighting the critical

roles that parental support and perception play in fostering students' motivation and

engagement in learning activities.

Furthermore, Sion et al. (2021) highlights the critical role that parents play in

affecting the learning outcomes of their students. Their research emphasizes how

crucial outside influences, such the home environment, are in determining a

students’ academic achievement. This is in line with our study, which also examines

how parental roles affect students' learning. The importance of parental involvement

in school and its role in fostering a learning environment are acknowledged in both
studies. The study helps to clarify the complex nature of student learning outcomes

by recognizing the impact of outside variables, especially parental participation, on

students' academic performance.

Meanwhile in Indonesia, some parents are having lack of communication

with their children in terms of academic performance. The study also points out to

examine how they communicate to motivate students’ learning. In addition, it

expounds the different ways of communication to influence their child to motivate in

terms of their academic achievement. It is also stated that parental communication

is way to increase students’ motivation and behavior (Amin et al. 2021).

In addition to Moore (2020) parental pressure can negatively impact a childs’

self-esteem because parents may impose their ideals of achievement and

enjoyment on their kids. This pressure frequently results from circumstances in

which the child encounters obstacles, makes decisions about their own life, or

makes acquaintances that their parents find objectionable. Parental pressure can

take two forms: guilt-tripping and reminding of strict standards, or it can show up

directly as force or complaints. Teenagers' mental health is significantly impacted by

stress imposed by their families, according to research. Parental pressure comes in

two major forms: indirect (guilt-tripping, reminders) and direct (yelling, coercion).

Childrens mental health repercussions include depression, aggressive behavior,

anger management problems, misbehavior, and difficulties sustaining relationships.

Parental criticism that is expressed verbally might lead to negative self-talk and a

loss of affection. parental influence is linked with eating disorders, problems with

body image, and subpar academic achievement. Parental pressure can be

attributed to a variety of factors, such as the parents' own upbringing experiences,

guilt from significant life disruptions, and a desire to make up for any perceived

neglect during turbulent times. It is advised to exercise parental authority without

becoming dictatorial in order to preserve a positive relationship.

Meanwhile, Kremer, et. al. (2019) also stated that parental influences

significantly impact students' expectations for college completion, which resonates

with the study of focusing on the role of parents in students' learning. Both studies

highlight the importance of parental expectations and support in shaping students'

academic aspirations and outcomes. While the research that is conducted delves

into how parental roles influence students' learning processes, The study

specifically explores how parental expectations contribute to students' expectations

for college attendance. By recognizing the influence of parental expectations on

students' future educational goals, both studies contribute to understanding the

multifaceted dynamics of parental involvement in education and its implications for

student success.

Lastly, parental involvement has consistently captured the attention of

researchers, educators, and parents alike. The extent and caliber of parental

participation that impacts their childs’ educational journey and pivotal factors

influencing both academic achievements and conduct. On the upper hand, parental

engagement in the educational process has shown correlations with favorable

results for students, such as enhanced academic achievements, heightened

motivation, enhanced attendance rates, better social adeptness, decreased

instances of behavioral problems, boosted self-assurance, a deeper feeling of

integration, improved judgment abilities, enhanced time management competencies,

and superior communication capabilities. This discussion will briefly delve into these

impacts (Rashid, 2023).

The Role of Parental Support

In Shaping Student Learning
Experiences
 "The Role of Parental Support In Shaping Student Learning Experiences"

highlights the significance of parental involvement and support in shaping students'

entire educational journey. It suggests a study of the ways in which parental support

shapes students' educational experiences and highlights the role that parental

involvement plays in supporting academic development.

A study by Saa’da (2020) Parental engagement pertains to the dedication of

parents towards their childrens' educational journey, encompassing their attention,

emotions, perspectives, and the role they play as parental figures. Saada further

elaborates that this encompasses parental participation through accountability,

availability, and active involvement. Consequently, it is widely recognized that

parents play a pivotal role in shaping their children's educational attainment and

overall growth.

Furthermore, parental support plays a crucial role in fostering independent

motivation among children, directly influencing their academic performance at

school. It is strongly linked to positive motivation and achievement in various

aspects of students’ educational journey. Parents' involvement not only contributes

to a childs’ growth but also significantly impacts their overall development. Children

often turn to their parents for assistance during challenging times and rely on their

help and guidance to navigate through obstacles efficiently. This parental guidance

and encouragement are instrumental in shaping a childs’ attitude towards learning

and success. Parents act as pillars of strength and support, creating a nurturing

environment that enables children to thrive in academics (Mih, 2013; Lopez, 2023).

Aditionally, Farooq (2020) stated that parental engagement plays a crucial

role in fostering a childs’ successful learning and the acquisition of fundamental

skills. By meeting their childs’ essential needs, parents cultivate self-regulated

behaviors. This research employs a causal-comparative approach to investigate the

interconnection between parental involvement, self-regulated learning, and the

academic performance of high school students. Farroq also stated that parents with

children attending private secondary schools typically show heightened interest in

their childrens’ educational progress, leading to increased levels of student self-

regulation and academic achievement. Consequently, initiatives focusing on

parental engagement may be established to promote active parental participation in

their child's educational journey.

Moreover, parental support is widely acknowledged as a significant

determinant of student academic success, as evidenced by extensive research in

the field of sociology of education. In this study, we aim to investigate the specific

impacts of parental support on the academic performance of students in Islamabad.

Supportive parents play a crucial role in their childrens’ education by maintaining a

consistent system of checks and balances, providing guidance, and offering

unwavering encouragement. They actively engage in monitoring their childs’

academic progress, regularly meet with their child to discuss school-related matters,

and directly oversee all aspects of their childs’ educational experience. Through

these proactive measures, parental support serves as a catalyst for enhancing a

childs’ academic performance, fostering a positive learning environment, and

promoting overall academic achievement (Shahzad, et al., 2020)

Furthermore, children learn most from their parents or other primary

caregivers. Their assistance has an impact on kids' growth, learning, and ensuing

academic results. This covers both direct assistance with learning both before and

during formal education as well as indirect assistance with things like diet, hygiene,

and health. And also, support jobs include helping with homework at home,
attending school events, and participating in decision-making bodies at the school.

Depending on the childs’ age, the type of support might vary from in-home

preschool assistance to in-school direct support, which can include helping with

homework and volunteering in classrooms and at school events (Desforges and

Abouchaar, 2003; Unesco, 2021).

Moreover by Utami (2022) found out that parental involvement in a students’

academic journey positively impacts the student's performance. Engaging in

activities such as helping with school assignments, participating in extracurricular

activities, and communicating with teachers are all examples of ways parents can

be involved in their childs’ education. Research indicates that parents who actively

show interest in their childrens’ schooling are associated with better academic

outcomes, increased school attendance, and higher enrollment in advanced

courses. Moreover, heightened parental involvement correlates with improved

attitudes toward school and greater academic motivation among children. While

socioeconomic or family-related challenges may sometimes hinder a students’

academic progress, parental participation serves as a protective factor against these

influences.

In addition to Varthama (2023) stated that students’ achievement relies on a

supportive environment created by both the school and the family. Beginning from a

young age, parents play a pivotal role in shaping a childs’ outlook, principles, and

actions. By actively engaging in their childs’ educational path, parents underscore

the significance of education and cultivate an atmosphere that prioritizes academic

development. Extensive research shows that a positive collaboration between home

and school consistently enhances student drive, confidence, and overall academic

achievement.

In conclusion, parents are the figure for being role models in their life.
Parents have different styles to influence their child to motivate more in terms of

their academic performance. These numerous authors proofs that this study should

endure and understand more what are the ways and impacts that parents influence

their child in terms of their performance in academics.

Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methods and procedures of this qualitative

phenomenological study, employed in this study which includes the research

design, participants, role of the researcher, data sources, data collection

procedures, data analysis, trustworthiness of the study, and ethical considerations.

Research Design

This research used a phenomenological approach within a qualitative

research design. Deeper understanding and exploration of real-world issues are

provided by qualitative research. Qualitative research aids in the generation of

hypotheses as well as the further investigation and understanding of quantitative

data, as opposed to gathering numerical data points or intervening or introducing

treatments as in quantitative research. Qualitative research collects the views,

behaviors, and experiences of participants (Tenny et al., 2022).

Moreover, this study examined senior high school students' experiences

using a phenomenological approach. Research in phenomenological aims to explain

the nature of things by using people's experiences as a guide. It means "study of

phenomena," which means that it's the study of how these things, or phenomena,

are understood by the audience you're researching (Dovetail Editorial Team, 2023).

Additionally, Ayton (2023) stated that a few of phenomenology's many benefits are

its ability to give accurate explanations of intricate phenomena, its humanistic

approach to research that honors the full person, and its ability to tell compelling

narratives about both the phenomenon and the people who experience it.

To find out how parental influence affects senior high school students, the

researchers carried out a qualitative phenomenological study. Understanding the

relationships between parents and their students—on how these affect their

learning. The researchers concentrate on the experiences that carry the

connections between parents and their senior high school students through the use

of qualitative phenomenological approaches. Developing research questions,

enlisting participants, carrying out in-depth interviews, and assessing the qualitative

data are all part of the study.

Research Participants

Fifteen senior high school students who studied private secondary schools in

the City of Tagum, Davao del Norte, participated in this phenomenological

investigation. Fifteen (15) of the participants were students who had participated in

in-depth interviews. 15-person qualitative research is an excellent investment since

it produces the greatest number of discoveries at the lowest expense. More than 15

participants in a qualitative research study won't provide much value (you'll reach

saturation and find 99% of the insights at that point), but the expense will mount

(Wynter, n.d).

Participants for this study were selected using purposive sampling, ensuring

a diverse representation of senior high school students at Saint Mary’s College of

Tagum Inc. In qualitative research, purposeful sampling is a technique used to

choose a certain set of people or units for study. Not at random, but "on purpose,"

participants are selected. It is sometimes referred to as selective or judgmental

sampling. Purposive sampling involves the researcher choosing the sample with a

specific goal in mind. As a result, the traits or qualities that the researcher is

interested in research are taken into consideration when choosing the sample

(Dovetail Editorial Team, 2023a).

In the chosen students participants of this study, the following inclusion

criteria were employed: (1) must be officially enrolled as a Senior High Student in

Saint Mary’s College of Tagum Inc; (2) inclusion of students with diverse academic

performances, such as high achievers, average performers, and those facing

academic challenges, to understand differential impacts on academic outcomes; (3)

selection of students reporting varying levels of parental involvement in their

education, including academic support, guidance in decision-making, and

participation in school-related activities.

Role of the Researcher

References
Amante, E. L. G., Gindap, R. a. L., Varquez, A. A., Maureal, A. F., Torres, D. J. D.,
Masepequina, J. N. C., Arig, R. E., Galang, G. D. M., Pableo, C. P., Pogpog,
J. B., Granada, C. O., & Magnanao, J. M. (2022). The relationship between
parental involvement and academic motivation of grade 11 and grade 12
senior high school students. Ioer International Multidisciplinary Research
Journal, 4. https://www.ioer-imrj.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/The-
Relationship-between-Parental-Involvement-and-Academic-Motivation-of-
Grade-11-and-12-Senior-High-School-Students.pdf

Amin, A; Alimni, A; Kurniawan, D.A; Azzahra, M.Z. & Septi, S.E. (2021) parental
communication increases student learning motivation in elementary schools,
5(4). https://doi.org/10.23887/ijee.v514.39910

Farooq, Muhammad Shahid; Asim, Iqra (2020). Parental Involvement as Predictor

for Self-regulated Learning and Academic Achievement of Students at
Secondary School Level. Vol 7, Issue 1,
p14https://openurl.ebsco.com/EPDB%3Agcd%3A15%3A3995487/detailv2?s
id=ebsco%3Aplink%3Ascholar&id=ebsco%3Agcd%3A144311853&crl=c

Garces, E., Bulay, V., Berberio, V., Dela Cerna, B., Armecin, E., Gamboa, E.,
Badian, K., Sarigumba, J., Yac, C. (2023). Perception of selected senior
high school students on parental involvement to education.
https://www.academia.edu/104285591/perception_of_selected_senior_high_
school_students_on_parental_involvement_to_education

Guillena, J. B., Mediodia, H. B. G., & Baldonado, C. E.. (2023). The influence of
parenting style, involvement, and self-efficacy on intermediate learners'
motivation. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7868554

Handayani, D. a. P., Wirabrata, D. G. F., & Magta, M. (2020). How parents’

academic background can affect tparental involvement in preschooler’s
education. JurnalPendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha, 8(1), 53–
60.https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JJPAUD/article/view/
24560/15120?
fbclid=IwAR10mrtaDWi7mKXqPu2H9DDTdfCd9whqLOXnS8y92osgGNnl2Iv
EFVrD6Cg

Kong, S. & Wang, Y. (2021) The influence of parental support and perceived
usefulness on students' learning motivation and flow experience in visual
programming: Investigation from a parent perspective, 52(4), 1749-1770.
https://bera-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bjet.13071

Kremer, K., Huang, J., Vaughn, M., Maynard, B. (2019) College expectations of
eighth grade students: The role of learning approaches and parent
influence
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0190740919300842
Laja, P. (n.d). What’s a good sample size for qualitative research?
https://wynter.com/post/a- good-sample-size-for-qualitative-
 research#:~:text=Qualitative%20research%20with%2015%20people,but%20
costs%20quite%20a%20bit
Learning Everest Team. (2024, January 25). Implications of Bandura’s social
learning theory. Learning Everest.
https://www.learningeverest.com/implications-of-banduras-social-learning-
theory/#:~:text=Albert%20Bandura's%20theory%20suggests%20that,cannot
%20learn%20only%20by%20observing.

López, Z., Nouws, S., Villar, E., Pais, M. E. M., & Tinajero, C. (2023b). Perceived
social support and self-regulated learning: A systematic review and
meta- analysis. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 5, 100291.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2023.100291
Man, F. F. (2021, June 6). Commentary: Parents play an outsized role in academic
stress children face. CNA.
https://www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/parents-academic-stress-
psle-students-exam-children-1825846?fbclid=IwAR0zpZloVnFQYKZ0-
L7p4Aa2wkfak7kg4bBYbKcKB6HKeED5VumVDG5eUb4

Merlin, M, Lavoie, S., Gallagher, F. (2020) Elements of group dynamics that

influence learning in small groups in undergraduate students: A
scoping review
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0260691719311074
Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (2024). Multifaceted. https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/multifaceted

Moore, L. (2022, May 20). How too much parental pressure can affect kids’ mental
health. Psych Central.
https://psychcentral.com/lib/parental-pressure-and-kids-mental-health
Musengamana, I. (2023) A Systematic Review of Literature on Parental
Involvement and Its Impact on Children Learning Outcomes
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374978615_A_Systematic_Review
_of_L
iterature_on_Parental_Involvement_and_Its_Impact_on_Children_Learning_
Outco mes#:~:text=As%20per%20results%2C%20parental%20involvement
%20di mensions %20like%3A%20learning,for%20children%27s
%20performance%20might% 20negatively%20influence%20children%27s
%20studies
Naite, I. (2021). Impact of parental involvement on children’s academic performance
at Crescent International School, Bangkok, Thailand. IOP Conference
Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 690(1), 012064.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/690/1/012064

Nebor, J. N. (n.d.). Parental influence and involvement on reading achievement. http

s://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED286150#:~:text=Parental%20influence%20is%20defin
ed%20as,with%20his%20or%20her%20reading.
Nguyen, Q. (2022, April 20). Parents’ high expectations stress out children.
VnExpress International – Latest News, Business, Travel and Analysis From
 Vietnam.https://e.vnexpress.net/news/trend/parents-high-expectations-stres
s-out-children-4448983.html

Official Gazatte (n.d.).K-12 Program. https://officialgazette.gov.ph/k-12/

Picardal, E. B., Jr. (2022, January 1). Parental involvement to grade 11 and grade
12 students to their academic achievements.
https://www.academia.edu/66678568/PARENTAL_INVOLVEMENT_TO_GR
ADE_11_AND_GRADE_12_STUDENTS_TO_THEIR_ACADEMIC_ACHIEV
EMENTS?email_work_card=view-paper
Rashid, M. H. A. (2023b, July 30). Effects of parental involvement on student
behavior. Library & Information Management. https://limbd.org/effects-of-
parental-involvement-on-student- behavior/?
fbclid=IwAR02qLQsDFh0MWWoPo1lSklygIIiipI7wb1cwxntBGH5x w6Q53Vs3mN-
M-I
Robbins, M. S., Szapocznik, J., Alexander, J. F., & Miller, J. L. (1998). Family
systems therapy with children and adolescents. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 149–
183). https://doi.org/10.1016/b0080-4270(73)00123-1
Saa’da, N. (2023). Parental Involvement and Self-regulated Learning: The Case of
Arab Learners in Israel. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1341718.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR0yLke_xrKJryeCV ane3n
oWXBoGWIsGnoFZqc12dhvPad99fXJib3jA83A

Schmid, E., & Garrels, V. (2021). Parental involvement and educational

success among vulnerable students in vocational education and
training. Educational Research, 63(4), 456–
473.https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2021.1988672

Shahzad, M., Abdullah, F., Fatima, S., Riaz, F., Mehomood, S. (2023). Impacts of
parental support on academic performance among secondary school
students in islamabad.
https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38355168/EJSS_50_impacts_of_p
arental_support_on_academic_performance_among_seco
ndary_school_students_in_islamabad-libre.pdf?1438459957=&response-
contentdisposition=inline%3B+filename%3DIMPACTS_OF_PARENTAL_SU
PPORT_ON_ACADEMIC.pdf&Expires=1709567741&Signature=F1pFIwSws
Zz9PI0SoJkHZyO7eoGq4Gs8UQx8vtqgTTbwalo3PXPKfs1rlJWxTHZTCCJe
KHFewykjQc221dStq6VR93N1Y7fJioE8BTgvo9TJ~Nou5aA3TbWO7t3RaC
WZ~RoDJihjNqcbS3oRDxEuRUil2sN6nPMGWTwoGh9WbgQy8zY2Sj8WyQ
aZwrmPabf3hyrglQnaw97u91pGfUMMu8IkFHEQdphaH0zuK8dfwFjngbqkd5
JAGW0Dd6hbShe3FnzC9eSTtT08tb~ttxevihCY8HDicUgR1FBOe9uuMuyeD
C2tplk5NQYXqPSb5IenUvylp9MxqfSDUXeA4sA__&KeyPairId=APKAJLOH`
F5GGSLRBV4ZA
Sion, H; Ludang, Y; Rahan, N. & Kuswari, F. (2021) Student’s Learning interest and
role of parents on student learning outcomes in Palangka Raya Elementary
School, 7(2), 63-75.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yetrie-Ludang/publication/352363370_
 Student's_learning_interest_and_the_role_of_parents_on_student_learning_
outcomes_in_Palangka_Raya_elementary_school/links/
60c5ef154585157774d351d0/Students-learning-interest-and-the-role-of-
parents-on-student-learning-outcomes-in-Palangka-Raya-elementary-
school.pdf

Smith, C. P. (2020). How Do Parenting Styles Influence the Academic Performance

of African-American College Students at an HBCU on the East Coast
African-American College Students at an HBCU on the East Coas.
https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=9417&context=dissertations&fbclid=IwAR3DI47j_hDQEhI0ST6Q6Xd
bdUq2bFzeC20tCk4a1buPiiMbqFeSCyMXBUk

Varthana. (2023, December 28).What is the role of parental involvement in student

success?https://varthana.com/school/what-is-the-role-of-parental-
involvement-in-student- success/?
fbclid=IwAR1Z5baHt79p_hJuO7NPy07BIbcfEqHAoFXR9CRJsBh mNJVDf
BX9G5RQqxY
Weicker, E. (n.d.). Parenting style and academic success: How can you help your
child succeed?
https://sc.edu/about/offices_and_divisions/research/news_and_pubs/caravel/
archive 2022/2022_parenting.php#:~:text=Results%20indicated
%20that%20parentin g%20styles,children%20with%20low%20academic
%20performance.