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Experiment No: 03 Name of The Experiment: Objective:: X R R S

The experiment aims to verify Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) and the voltage divider rule using a series circuit. It involves constructing a circuit with specified resistors, measuring voltage and current, and comparing theoretical values with experimental results. The experiment also includes calculating the percentage of error between theoretical and practical values.

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20 views3 pages

Experiment No: 03 Name of The Experiment: Objective:: X R R S

The experiment aims to verify Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) and the voltage divider rule using a series circuit. It involves constructing a circuit with specified resistors, measuring voltage and current, and comparing theoretical values with experimental results. The experiment also includes calculating the percentage of error between theoretical and practical values.

Uploaded by

rifatniham6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No: 03

Name of the Experiment: Verification of KVL & Voltage Divider Rule.

Objective:

• To introduce Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) & VOLTAGE divider rule.


• To verify these two rules with the help of a series circuit both experimentally and
analytically.
• To measure Voltage and Current in a DC circuit.

Theory:

KVL states that around any closed circuit, the sum of the voltage rises equals the sum of the voltage
drops.

∑ 𝑉𝑅𝐼𝑆𝐸𝑆 = ∑ 𝑉𝐷𝑅𝑂𝑃𝑆
The voltage divider rule is given by

Rx
Vx = × Rs
R𝑠

The equivalent (total) resistance of a series circuit is given by

R S = ∑ R X = R1 + R 2 + R 3 + R 4

where x = 1,2,3&4

Required equipment:

1. Resistors: R1 , R 3 =1.5KΩ (2 pieces)

R2, R 4 =3 KΩ (2 pieces)

2. Multimeter (2 pieces)
3. Trainer board (1 set)
4. Connecting Board (as required)

Circuit Diagram:
Figure:01

According to KVL,
Vs=V1+V2+V3+V4

R1
𝑉1= × 𝑉𝑆
R1 +R2 +R3 +R4
R2
𝑉2= × 𝑉𝑆
R1 +R2 +R3 +R4
R3
𝑉3= × 𝑉𝑆
R1 +R2 +R3 +R4
R4
𝑉4= × 𝑉𝑆
R1 +R2 +R3 +R4

Procedures:

1. Construct the circuit as shown in Figure 1 with R1 =1.5KΩ, R 2 =3KΩ, R 3 =1.5KΩ, and
R 4 =3KΩ.
2. Use the variable DC source of the trainer board as E. Set the value of E as l volt.
3. Connect the ammeter in series and the voltmeter in parallel across the resistance, for which
voltage drop needs to be measured. Also, measured the value of R1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 using a
multimeter.
4. Note the value of I, V1, V2, V3, V4, R1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 in the data table-1.
5. Varying DC source value from 1 V to 5 V by 1-volt step and every time measured the above
Five variables (I, V1, V2, V3, V4) as mentioned in procedure-4 and record them in data
table-1 below.
6. Verify KVL (i.e. E = V1+V2+V3+V4). Find the total resistance of the series circuit using
the formula RS=R1+R2+R3+R4 and compare this with the experimentally obtained value
of Rs= E/I. Verify the voltage divider rule.
7. Repeat steps 1,2 & 3 for E= 12 V DC

8. Calculate the percentage of error:


𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒−𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = | | × 100
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

Table: 1

No of E V1 V2 V3 V4 V= V1 (by V2 (by V3 (by V4 (by V (by


obs. volts Volts Volts Volts Volts V1+V2+V3+V4 volt volt volt volt volt
div div div div div
rule) rule) rule) rule) rule)

I. 1 0.16 0.35 0.16 0.36 1.03 0.167 0.33 0.167 0.33 1


II. 2 0.32 0.72 0.33 0.73 2.1 0.33 0.67 0.33 0.67 2
III. 3 0.49 1.06 0.49 1.08 3.12 0.5 1 0.5 1 3
IV. 4 0.63 1.37 0.64 1.42 4.06 0.67 1.33 0.67 1.33 4
V. 5 0.80 1.74 0.79 1.78 5.11 0.83 1.67 0.83 1.67 5

Table: 2

V1 V2 V3 V4 Rs V

Practical 2.4 5.24 2.41 5.37 9 15.42


Value
Theoretical 2.5 5 2.5 5 9 15
Value
%Error 4 -4.8 3.6 -7.4 -2.8

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