Institut des Langues Vivantes

Faculté d’architecture, d’ingénierie

architecturale, d’urbanisme

NOM (Majuscules) :
ARCB11 BA
PRÉNOM :
LBARC1123 NOMA (Matricule) :
MOCK EXAM
Signature : BLEU

I. Textes non vus : Certaines phrases ont été enlevées dans le texte.
Choisissez parmi les bouts de phrase proposés celui qui complète le
mieux le texte. Attention certaines propositions sont des leurres
qui n’ont pas leur place dans le texte.

The Guardian view on the future of

buildings: make do and mend
a) the UK has some of the oldest housing stock in the world
b) a zero emission house
c) are a way forward
d) as an alternative to renovating old buildings
e) a thing of the past as soon as possible
f) as an alternative to pulling down buildings as a matter of course
g) throwaway building culture
h) to remove the tax advantage of new-builds over refurbishments
i) to lower the cost of building from scratch

Demolition and construction are hugely carbon-intensive. Developers must change their ways

A controversial decision by London’s mayor, Sadiq Khan, to allow the demolition of a

flagship Marks & Spencer store on London’s Oxford Street is one of the highest-profile
instances so far of what is certain to become a wider debate about embodied carbon. This
crucial term, which refers to the carbon emissions of a building over its lifetime, urgently
needs to be brought into wider circulation. In the UK, buildings are estimated to be
responsible for 23% of all emissions.

With its millions of Victorian and Edwardian terraces, (1) ------------------------------- So the
idea of a “(2) -----------------------------------”, as Will Hurst of the Architects’ Journal
describes our contemporary attitude to construction, takes some getting used to. But
developers, particularly of large-scale projects, routinely look for a blank slate on which to
place a new edifice. Demolition is part of what the construction industry does.
Emissions calculations are more complicated than in other sectors because of the role played
by time. Arguments over the Marks & Spencer decision, and other proposed demolitions such
as that of the fire-damaged Assembly Rooms in Derby, arise because short-term and long-
term impacts have to be weighed along with other considerations. In environmental terms, the
question comes down to whether the benefits of a new, energy-efficient building will offset
the emissions of a demolition and construction project.’

Recycling, refurbishing and retrofitting (3) --------------------------------------, and architects and

engineers have come up with some ingenious solutions. One block of flats in Copenhagen
reused the brick walls of a brewery by cutting them into panels. But such innovative examples
of reuse aside, Lord Deben, chairman of the UK’s Climate Change Committee, was right to
say last year that “we have to learn to make do and mend” (4) -------------------------------------.

Such a shift poses particular challenges in the dysfunctional UK, where property price
inflation and rent extraction have, to a damaging extent, taken the place of economically
productive activity. While the government has promised a new focus on embodied carbon,
any shift in the approach taken by the construction industry will require economic incentives.
Vague notions of corporate social responsibility will not cut it. Whole-life carbon assessments
should form part of every planning process, with decision-makers empowered to reject
schemes that do not meet strict standards. Changing the law (5) ------------------------------- is
one obvious step.

The size of this undertaking should not be underestimated. But nothing about the struggle
against global heating is easy. Like his support for the Silvertown tunnel, Mr Khan’s refusal
to prevent the Marks & Spencer scheme sends a worrying signal. The challenge is to make
such decisions, and the economic and political conditions that enable them, (6)
---------------------------------------------

II. Textes vus et reading file : Lisez le texte, puis lisez les propositions et
choisissez l’option adéquate.

§1 You can reach the 50 percent reduction right away by making siting, fenestration, and
orientation of buildings work with the local environment, so that buildings take advantage of
passive heating and cooling and natural lighting. That's just smart design. Let me give you an
example in the housing sector. Approximately 15 percent of all energy in houses is used for
domestic hot water. Yet we've had solar hot water heating in this country for 30 years now.
It's not a new technology. The payback on that sort of system is three to five years. So using
solar hot water heating would reduce residential consumption in many areas of the country by
about 15 percent overnight-that's a no-brainer.
§2 Another example for the commercial sector: In the early 1980s the Department of Energy
did a demonstration project at the Mount Airy Library in North Carolina. They wanted to see
what kind of reductions you could get simply through design. The project was built and then
monitored for several years. That project achieved an 80 percent drop in energy consumption
thanks to natural lighting, passive heating and cooling concepts, and simple conservation
strategies. There were no special energy systems or technologies or materials involved. These
were all just design solutions

1. According to §1 by using solar hot water heating

a. It is not possible to reduce residential consumption of energy in one day
b. It would only take three to five years to compensate for the price of the
installation
c. You won’t need to change the design of houses to reduce energy consumption
d. Buildings will take advantage of passive heating and cooling as well as natural
lighting

2. According to §2, architects of the Mount Airy Library in North Carolina

a. Used innovative technology to reduce energy consumption
b. Achieved an 80 percent drop of energy consumption through design only
c. Used new materials to reduce energy consumption
d. Used design so that the energy consumption was reduced to 80 percent

III. Choisissez la meilleure proposition pour compléter les phrases

suivantes.

1. If I had recognised her I ………… (not to walk) away without even saying hello.
a. Wouldn’t walk
b. Wouldn’t have walked
c. Will not walk
d. Will not have walked

2. When I finally got to platform 10, the train ………… (to leave, already) and the next
one was coming in.
a. Has already left
b. Left already
c. Had already left
d. Is leaving

3. A trial ………… (to hold) in court at the moment to determine whether Mr Smith is
guilty of murder.
a. Is held
b. Is being held
c. Is holding
d. holds
4. You would face serious charges if you ever ………. (to break) that law again – so I’m
sure you won’t!
a. Break
b. Broke
c. Have broken
d. Had broken

5. Please go and buy the newspaper tomorrow as soon as the shops (to open).
a. Will open
b. Open
c. Were opened
d. Would open

6. I'd come if I (be) not so busy

a. Wouldn’t be
b. Hadn’t been
c. Weren’t
d. Hasn’t been
7. My sister, _________ lives is the US, wants be an architect.
a. that
b. which
c. whom
d. who
8. The door of my new house, _________ colour is red, will be repainted in black.
a. that
b. whose
c. whom
d. which

9. Excuse me sir, ____________ ask you a question, please?

a. can
b. should
c. may
d. ought to

10. You ____________ be at the station, if you want to catch the 8.10 train!
a. must
b. will have to
c. can
d. could
IV. Questions: Formulez la question de telle manière que la réponse soit la
partie soulignée.

11. Mary’s watch was stolen yesterday.

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12. He’s tall, quite thin. He’s got blue eyes and blond hair
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V. Passive: Mettez les phrases suivantes au passif

13. Someone told them to wait outside the room.

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14. They are building a new skyscraper in the middle of the city.
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