LESSON 1

CULTURE
characteristic of knowledge of particular group of people, language, religion,
cuisine, habits, music arts, beliefs, identity.
-from latin ‘’colore’’ means tend to the earth and grow, or cultivation and nurture.
-cultural influences from spain & US
Elements: symbols, language, values, norms
 Symbols- use for stand for something, share culture often attach a specific
meaning to an object, gestures, sound, or image.
 Language- a system of words and symbols used to communicate with other.
This includes full languages such as English, Tagalog, etc.
 Values-culture’s standard for discerning what is good and just in society,
embedded and critical for transmitting and teaching help shape society what
is good or bad.
 Norms- types
 formal norms- called mores and laws, standards of behavior
considered the most important in any society.
 informal norms. called folkways and customs, refer to
standards of behavior that are considered less important but
still influence how we behave.
SOCIAL BELIEFS AND CUSTOMS
Early Filipinos already ate kinilaw, performed riddles as a way to teach folklore
wisdom, and celebrated a girl's first menstrual.
Kinilaw- 100 yrs, one of the earliest food discoveries.

- made through souring

historian Doreen Fernandez’s essay, “Food At the Very Beginning,” -kinilaw, the
seafood dish similar to a ceviche. “It was the discovery of seagoing, river-faring
people who knew the richness of the waters, the flavors of their wealth, and the
high value of freshness,”

1987 Balangay excavation in Agusan del Norte- tabon-tabon-is a green fruit, and
bones of yellowfin tuna both were cut in the same way as how the kinilaw is
prepared.

Since kinilaw was and not by fire, it was highly likely that they consumed this food
as it was easy to make. Fernandez.

Rice- center meal. The Staff of Life.

 Palay-unhusked
 bigas- husked
  kanin -cooked

girl's first menstrual- she underwent a ceremony known “dating,” -she was
blindfolded and secluded in a windowless space for four days. When period is over,
she was led to a stream for a bath but her feet were not allowed to touch the
ground.

Spaniards came in 1521- were appalled by the freedom that women had, a
freedom that did not coincide with their idea of how a woman should behave. to
transform Filipinas to how women were in Iberian society (sheltered and reserved.)

earliest coin was made of gold- most pre-colonial Filipinos had no knowledge of
money, but instead were trading through gold.

piloncito -a small gold piece shaped like a rounded cone

- weigh 2.65 grams-equivalent to one ‘mas,

pilon- gold bits looked the same as the sugar receptacle.

PRE-COLONIAL INHABITANTS WERE ALREADY LITERATE

Francisco Colin (1663)- Spanish missionary said ‘’the people cling fondly to their
own methods of writing and reading. There is scarcely a man, nor a woman, who
does not know and practice that method, even those who are already Christian in
matters of devotion.”

Spaniard- introduce roman alphabet

Riddle- earliest form of Philippine literature

- been found ethnolinguistic group across the Philippines: bugtong in

Tagalog, patoto’don in Bikol, burburtia in Iloko, pabitla in Pangasinan,
kabbuni in Ivatan, tigmo in Cebuano, paktakon in Hiligaynon, titiguhon in
Waray, antoka in Maranao, and tigum-tigum in Tausug.

Damiana Eugenio’- “Riddles to Tease and Teach,”

When someone dies corpse was then made to “smoke” tobacco to avert bacteria
from entering the body. 3rd / 4th day after the washing, dead body would be placed
under sunlight and everyone in the community help in peeling off the skin of the
body before they’re put in a coffin.

POPULAR CULTURE
It is also called mass culture & pop culture -generally recognized by members of a
society as a set of the practices, beliefs and objects.
Filipinos are very resilient, take pride in their families, religious, respectful, value
traditions and culture, have longest xmas celebration, help one another, love to eat,
sing, art and architecture.

LESSON 2

The Seven Topics of Philippine Popular Culture; sports, clothin,

cousine, literature and arts, music and dance, religion festial and holidays,
social beliefs and customes
The Philippines
commonly referred to as a melting pot of western and eastern cultures.The
cultural landscape also features Spanish, American, Japanese, Arabic,
and Indonesian influence.
religions in the country are Christianity and Islam a significant role in
shaping the culture of the Philippines.

7. Social Beliefs and Customs

primarily influenced by the religion and demographics of the region, based

on the beliefs of the Austronesian inhabitants of the Philippines.

6. Religion, Festivals, and Holidays

The Philippines' Constitution allows for religious freedom.

Christian- 90.07%, Roman Catholic Church-80.58%. Islam 2nd largest

religion-5.6% of citizens identifying as Muslim.

The country's cultural diversity is showcased through numerous festivals,

with patron saints honored through festivals like Silmugi, Sinulog, and
Kuraldal. Some are public holidays celebrated nationwide, such as New
Year's Day, Holy Week, Independence Day, Christmas Day, and Rizal Day.

5. Music and Dance

influenced by various cultures, with traditional folk songs primarily inspired

by indigenous customs. Urban youth-oriented music, known as original pinoy
or Philippine pop. Dance styles range from indigenous-inspired to modern
western-inspired, with Tinikling best eaxmple.

4. Literature and Arts

literature was primarily legends and folklore, passed down through
generations through oral and written. Famous writers during Spanish era-
Jose de la Cruz, Francisco Balagtas, and Jose Rizal.

Art dates back to 5000 BC- ancient Filipinos skilled tattoo artists. Modern
artists- Damian Domingo, Juan Luna, Fernando Amorsolo, and Elito
Circa. The National Art Gallery and Metropolitan Museum of Art showcase
the country's artistry.

3. Cuisine

cultural diversity through its local cuisine, influenced by both local and
foreign cultures.

Rice- the staple meal, and seafood is a common item. Other popular dishes
include lechon, mechado, and afritada.

The country also has western fast food franchises like Pizza Hut, KFC, and
McDonald's. Rice flour is used in pastries and sweets.

2. Clothing

Maria Clara- traditional dress worn by Filipino women, attire gets its name
from a famous character “Maria Clara” epic 19th-century narrative, “Noli me
tangere” written by Jose Rizal.

made of four components;

saya (a long dress) tapis (a knee-long skirt) camisa (a collarless
chemise) panuelo (a stiff scarf).

In recent years, it has been modernized known as the terno popularized by

President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo who wore 2008 State of the Nation.

Barong Tagalog- normally worn by men during special occasions. known

as the Baro. The attire was popularized by President Ramon Magsaysay who
wore the Baro in most state functions.

1. Sports

popular sports nation, known for its martial arts, boxing, and basketball,
with global superstars like Manu Pacquiao and Robert Jaworski.

Culture of the Philippines Like?

Philippines- melting pot of eastern and western cultures.
culture influenced by indigenous populations (Spanish, American, Japanese,
Indonesian, and Arabic)

 Asia between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea
 Capital: Manila
 Population: 107+ million (2019 est.)
 Ethnic Make-up: Christian Malay 91.5%, Muslim Malay 4%, Chinese
1.5%, other 3%
 Religions: Roman Catholic 83%, Protestant 9%, Muslim 5%, Buddhist and
other 3%


Languages in the Philippines

Former Pilipino- Tagalog and official language
55%of Filipinos speak the language.
111 distinct indigenous languages and dialects.
English- used for educational, medium of instruction in schools. The
Philippines are the 3rd largest group of English speaking people in the world,
after the United States and the United Kingdom.
hear Filipinos use a mixture English and Filipino words or phrases- Taglish (a
mixture of English and Tagalog). sometime still speak Spanish, had been an
official language.

January
9- feast of the black Nazarene- celebrated heart in manila- honoring the 100
yrs old statue of the black Nazarene
15- 2nd Sunday- sinulog festival- commences 9 days before 3 rd Sunday of
January
3rd Sunday- ati-atihan festival- celebration in honor pf the infant jesus (child
jesus) , towns patron.
-means making like “atis”
4th Sunday- Dinagyang festival- Hiligaynon word means “merry making”
celebrate the feast of infant jesus and pact between datus and locals

Febuary
7- mahaguyog festival- agricultural festival, foundation anniversary, and
religious fiesta in Sto. Tomas, Batangas,
3rd Sunday- features racing events between local outriggers in the strait
between Iloilo City and Guimaras Island.
11- the tinagba festival-
10-16- taytay hamaka festival- celebrates the town's arts, crafts, and cultural
heritage
20-27- international bamboo organ festival –
- Baguio flower
14- ollalion festival- celebrates the Kalinga culture through its sports, crafts,
and indigenous food.
19- babaylanes festival- highlights the culture of the first settlers of Bago
City before the Spanish colonizers arrived
20-27- kalilangan festival- features cultural shows, a civic/military, agro-
industrial fair, sports competition, and a beauty pageant.
2nd week-10 - kaamulan festival - three-day gathering of Bukidnon’s various
ethnolinguistic groups in Pines View Park.

March
10-12 – malasimbo festival – four pillars: music, arts, indigenous people, and
environment.
- It takes pride in showcasing the country's most compelling music and
art,
21-27 – Theater week – occasion for theatre artists of varied disciplines in
performance and media arts, country heritage, history, habitat.
1st week - island garden city of samal – celebration of Samal’s founding
anniversary
8- Anibina bulawanun festival – an eight-day multi-themed annual festival
-- celebrates the bountiful gold harvest and the
founding anniversary of Compostela Province

March-april (holyweek) - moriones festival- honors Saint Longinus and the

story of Christ's passion and resurrection.
(holy week) - Centurion festival - a Holy Week tradition in General Luna,
Quezon, Philippines. It honors Christ's passion through parades
and participation from young people
(Good Friday) - Ang pagtaltal- procession of flagellants and devotees in
biblical attire that ends in the Balaan Bukid Shrine.
(Good Friday) - Pangalap Ritual- ritual where believers crawl through the
Catilaran cave chanting prayers in the hope of gaining
supernatural powers to ward off evil spirits.
(Holy week) - witches’ festival- witchcraft/ mangbabarang, held in crocodile
hill to gather herbs, roots, and live insects throw with boiling
water
April
Moriones festival - a religious and cultural celebration in the Philippines that
takes place during Holy Week. It's known for its elaborate
costumes and masks that depict Roman soldiers.
Centurion festival - a Holy Week tradition in General Luna, Quezon,
Philippines. It honors Christ's passion through parades and participation from
young people
Trumba
14-16 – lami- lamihan festival –
27 – kadaugan sa mactan –

May
Whole month – flores de mayo
1 – Pasalamat Festival –
1 – magayon festival –
1 – Pista y Dayat festival –
2 – Boa-boahan –
3 – carabao-carozza race –
1-3 – Lanahan Ritual –
Balanghai festival –
Whole month – tapusan festival –
11 – barangay Boat –

June
11-12- pagdayao festival- 2 days affair. Thanks giving feast in honor of the
lord
12-20- araw ng cotabato- founding events of layang2/ giant kite festival
2nd week- naliyagan festival- agusan del sur foundation anniversary june 17
23- ormoc city’s pina festival- honor patron saints and queen of Pineapple
24- parade ng mga lechon (parade of roast pig)-
24- honor of St. John the Baptist
3rd week- daet pineapple festival- show casing famous and sweetest of all
pineapples
Last week - tacloban estival- major activities: subiran regatta-seal booth
race. Balyuan- pageant historic exchange images between basey (samar
& acloban). Pintados festival- paint their bodies and dance to rhythm of
bamboo sticks.

July
2-3- foundation of batangas city- tradition of dancing the subli, IP of province
1st week- sagayan- festival with maranao war.
4-7- pagoda festival- honor of the holy cross of wawa.
24-25- sinulog and kinabayo festival- honor dapitan. Patron St. James
Last week- sinulog de tamjay festival- features origin og old sinulog culture.
-kahimoan abaya festival- honor of santa ana (St. anne)
-sandugo festival- compact blood between Spaniards legacy and
Filipino sikatuna.

August
1-4 Pasaka- native work for assumption- honor lady of assumption
1-7- Dangadog festival- thanks giving feast culture of Sama (IP of samal)
4- Palu- Palo- shows life and times of ivatans
5- marang festival- bountiful harvest of marang
6- Mercedes festival- thanks giving by fisher folks
14- Pangasinan Bamboo festival- showcasing bamboo products
15- Lubi-Lubi festival- dance festival involving coconut, homage lady of
Fatima and St. Roque
17- Kalibongan festial- gathering of Mindanao ethnolinguistic group like
bagobos and manobos. Horse fight and Manobo wedding
3rd week- Kadayawan sa dabaw festival- great fortunes og dabawnon tongue,
dayaw (good)
19- Gigantes festival- measure of 14 feet tall. Giant pairs or asawa. Made of
panata (oath).

September
1st week- Aurora Festival- features evening novenas more than 40 clans
1-29- Hin-ay Festival- shows cultural show, trade fair, and depicting
1-30-Bicol Food Festial- Bicol Cuisine. Bicol express: cocido, pecadilli, tilmak
1-8- Sarakiki Festival- dancers dressed as cocks swaying the beat of ancient
Samareno instrument
3rd week- T’boli festial- malong- gathering of ethnolinguistic group
3rd Sunday- Pena Fracia fiesta festival- honoring Nuestra se &Ntilde: ora de
pe & ntilde:patron of bicol
25-dalit festival- shows local rituals way of life
30- linapit sharing food festival- festival with pre-planting feast at core,
natives share food with everyone
28-29-djanggo festival-commerates centuries old religious and cultural
tradition base life of St. Michael
29- bahig kawayan festial- celebrates bahig and kawayan craft from basey.

December
1-8- Subayan keg subanan- involve trade fair, street theater,and song of rich
subanon cultural heritage
1-8- Pasko sa Tanjya Festival- present cultural presentation and contests
month-long Christmas
5-8- Fiesta de Agoo-lantern festival, coronation of Miss Agoo, awarding of
Dannuar ad Dakilang Datu Awards.
5-8- sinadya-
2nd week- hanging of the green-
8-feast of line immaculate conception
8-pagdiwata-