9. Name two natural fibers and two human-made fibers.

Answer: Two natural fibers: wool, silk. Two human-made fibers:

nylon, polyester.

10.Give a reason for the fact that the cotton textile industry in India
could not compete with that in the West initially.
Answer: The production of handwoven cotton textiles in India was
expensive and time-consuming, so it could not compete with the
Western standards.

11. What industries have started replacing the textile industry in

Osaka?
Answer: Iron and steel, machinery, shipbuilding, automobiles,
electrical equipment, and cement industry have begun to replace
the textile industry in Osaka.

12. Why is Bangalore called “Silicon Plateau”?

Answer:Bangalore is called Silicon Plateau because of the IT
industry there, and the word “plateau” refers to the Deccan Plateau
where it is located.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Industries Short Answer Type

Questions

1. Describe briefly the classification of industries on the basis of

raw material used. Answer: On the basis of
raw material used, industries are classified into agro, mineral,
marine, and forest-based. The raw material of agro-based industries
consists of plant and animal-based products. Some examples are
food processing, cotton textile industry, and leather industry. The
raw material used in mineral-based industries consists of mineral
ores. An example: iron and steel
industry. Marine-based industries use products obtained from the
sea and oceans as raw materials. Seafood industry is one such
industry. A forest-based industry uses forest produce as raw
material. Examples are the paper industry and furniture.
2. Describe briefly the classification of industries on the basis of
ownership. Answer: On the basis of
ownership, industries are classified into the private sector, state-
owned (public sector), joint sector, and cooperative sector. Private-
sector industries are owned by individuals or a group of individuals.
Public sector industries are owned by the government. Joint sector
industries are owned and operated by the state and individuals.
Maruti Udyog is an example of such an industry. Cooperative sector
industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of
raw materials, workers, or both. AMUL is one such industry.

3. Describe the inputs, processes, and outputs in an industrial

system with an example. Answer: An industrial
system consists of inputs, processes, and outputs. Raw materials,
labor, costs, transport, power and infrastructure are inputs. In a
cotton textile industry, for example, inputs are cotton, human labor,
transport cost, etc. Processes are activities done to convert raw
material into finished products. In a cotton textile industry, ginning,
spinning, weaving, dyeing, etc process. The finished product and all
profits earned are the outputs. In the cotton textile industry, the
outputs are clothes we wear.

4. Give examples of industrial regions in India and the world.

Answer: The major industrial areas of the world are eastern North
America, western and central Europe, eastern Europe, and eastern
Asia. In India, major industrial regions are the Mumbai-Pune cluster,
Bangalore-Tamil Nadu region, Hugli region, Ahmedabad-Baroda
region, Chota Nagpur industrial belt, Vishakhapatnam-Guntur Belt,
Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut region, and the Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram
industrial cluster.

5.Write the properties and significance of steel. Answer: Steel has

these properties: it is tough, it can easily be shaped (malleability),
cut or made into wire (ductility). Adding certain other elements
makes it harder, tougher, and rust-retention capability.
Steel is the backbone of the modern industry. We use a lot of steel
objects in daily life. Ships, trains, and most other vehicles, tiny
needles and safety pins, machinery and equipment, buildings, etc
utilize steel as a main or sole constituent.
6. What factors supported Sakchi being chosen to set up the steel
plant by TISCO? Answer: Sakchi was chosen for
various reasons. It was close to the Kalimati Railway Station. It was
also close to iron ore, coal, and manganese deposits. Kolkata, a
source of a large market, was not far away. Jharia coalfields, and
limestone, dolomite, limestone and manganese from Orissa and
Chhattisgarh were easily accessible. The nearby rivers (Kharkai and
Subarnarekha) provided sufficient water supply.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Industries Long Answer Type

Questions

1.Describe the cotton textile industry with special reference to its

history and spread in India. Answer: Cotton is a natural fiber
crop. The cotton textile industry is the industry which involves
making clothes out of the fiber. It is one of the oldest industries of
the world. India has a glorious history of producing excellent quality
cotton textiles. The Muslims of Dhaka, Chintzes of Masulipatnam,
Calicos of Calicut and gold-wrought cotton of Burhanpur, Vadodara
and Surat had world-famous quality and design. The traditional
Indian cotton textile industry, however, could not compete with the
Western textile mills, due to the high cost of the handwoven textile.
The process involved, moreover, was time-consuming.
The first successful mechanized textile mill in India was established
in Mumbai in 1854. The factors that led to the success were the
warm and moist climate, the presence of a nearby port for
importing machinery, the availability of raw material and skilled
labor. Humidity was the main reason why the industry was initially
limited to Maharashtra and Gujarat.
Today the industry has spread to various other parts of the country,
due to the artificial production of humidity. The important cotton
textile centers are in Coimbatore, Kanpur, Chennai, Ahmedabad,
Mumbai, Kolkata, Ludhiana, Puducherry, and Panipat.

2. Write short notes on (a) the iron

and steel industry in Pittsburgh and (b) cotton textile
industry in Osaka.
Answer: (a) Pittsburgh is an important steel city in the USA. Most
raw materials such as coal are available locally. Iron ore is brought
from the iron mines in Minnesota. The shipping of ore is also a
convenient pathway: the Great Lakes of North America. From the
lakes to the industrial area, trains are there to carry the ore. Rivers
like Ohio, the Monongahela, and the Allegheny provide adequate
water supply. Finished steel is transported to the market by both
land and water routes.

(b) Osaka is an important textile center in Japan. It is called the

“Manchester of Japan”. Like every important center, geographical
factors played an important role in the establishment of industry
here. The plains around Osaka meant land was easily available for
the growth of cotton mills. The warm and humid climate is well
suited to the spinning and weaving of cotton. The river Yodo
provides adequate water supply. Easily available labor and the
location of the port are also significant factors. The industry
however depends completely on imports. The finished product is
exported and is not very expensive.