Six Week Field Experience at Shaheen Dairy

Farm
Project Report
Of

BBA-Agribusiness (Batch: 7)

By

Ammad Saeed

CMS ID: 163-20-0016

Submitted to the Department of Business Administration,

Sukkur IBA University

 Abstract
This report outlines my internship experience at Shaheen Dairy Farm, where I engaged in
various aspects of dairy farming operations over six weeks. My responsibilities included
assisting with milking processes, managing livestock, and participating in the daily care routines
to ensure animal health and productivity. Additionally, I gained insights into dairy farm
management practices, including feed formulation, sanitation protocols, and sustainability
efforts. This hands-on experience enhanced my understanding of the dairy industry and
reinforced my passion for agricultural practices, providing a solid foundation for my future
career in this field.
 Acknowledgment
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to making my internship
at Shaheen Dairy Farm a valuable and enriching experience.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the management and staff of Shaheen Dairy Farm
for providing me with the opportunity to intern at their esteemed establishment. Special thanks to
General Manager Muhammad Saeed Zia for his invaluable guidance and support throughout
my internship.

I am also deeply grateful to Dr. Imtiyaz for his mentorship and insights, which greatly
enhanced my learning experience. Their encouragement and expertise were instrumental in
helping me understand the practical aspects of dairy farming and management. This internship
has been an enriching experience, and I am thankful for the chance to be a part of such a
dedicated team.

During my internship at Shaheen Dairy Farm, I had the invaluable opportunity to delve deeply
into the multifaceted operations of the farm, particularly in the realms of medical treatment for
cows, agricultural activities, and the integration of agricultural technology. Under the expert
guidance of General Manager Muhammad Saeed Zia, I gained firsthand insight into the
comprehensive health management protocols implemented at the farm. Mr. Saeed emphasized
the importance of regular health check-ups, vaccination schedules, and the prompt treatment of
illnesses to ensure the well-being of the livestock. I observed the diligent efforts of the veterinary
team, which included Dr. Imtiyaz, who played a pivotal role in diagnosing and treating various
health issues that arose among the cows. I learned about the common ailments that affect dairy
cattle, such as mastitis and ketosis. His hands-on approach, including performing clinical
examinations and administering treatments, showcased the vital link between animal health and
productivity.

The farm is committed to sustainable agricultural practices, which include cultivating fodder
crops that are crucial for maintaining the health and productivity of the cows. Under the
supervision of Mr. Saeed, I participated in various planting and harvesting activities, gaining a
practical understanding of crop rotation and soil management techniques. This experience
highlighted the significance of quality forage in dairy farming, as it directly impacts milk yield
and the overall health of the herd.

This achievement was impossible without cooperation and support of officers of Dairy Farm.
 Table of Content
Sr. No Content
1 Introduction OF Dairy Farm

2 Introduction of Dairy Industry in Punjab

3 Introduction to Diary Industry Development Project

Learning During Internship

4 Training in the Medical Field on Dairy Farms

5 Problems Observation Faced on a Commercial Dairy Farm

6 Solutions to the Problems Faced At Dairy Farm

7 Agricultural Machinery Practices on a Dairy Farm

8 Recommendations

9 Conclusion
Introduction OF Dairy Farm
Dairy farming plays a crucial role in the agricultural sector, contributing significantly to food
security and the economy. At its core, dairy farming involves the breeding and management of
cows for the production of milk and dairy products, which are essential sources of nutrition for
communities worldwide.

Shaheen Dairy Farm stands out as a model of excellence in this field, integrating traditional
farming practices with modern technology to enhance productivity and ensure the welfare of its
livestock. The farm prioritizes sustainable agricultural practices, focusing on animal health, high-
quality feed production, and efficient resource management.

Introduction OF Chichawatni

Chichawatni is a vibrant city located in the Sahiwal District of Punjab, Pakistan. Nestled
strategically near the bustling city of Sahiwal, Chichawatni serves as a vital hub for commerce
and agriculture in the region. Established in the late 19th century, the city has rapidly developed
into a thriving urban center, characterized by its rich cultural heritage and a diverse population.

Chichawatni is known for its agricultural contributions, particularly in the production of crops
such as wheat, rice, and sugarcane, benefiting from the fertile land of the Punjab plains. The city
also boasts a blend of traditional and modern influences, with markets bustling with activity and
an array of local goods. Its proximity to major transportation routes facilitates trade and
connectivity, making it an important node for economic activities in the area. As Chichawatni
continues to grow, it maintains a unique identity rooted in its agricultural heritage while
embracing the dynamics of urban development.

The city hosts a significant livestock market, attracting farmers and traders from surrounding
areas. This vibrant marketplace is essential for the local economy and offers a glimpse into the
region's agricultural practices.

Geography & Climate

Chichawatni is situated in the Sahiwal District of Punjab, Pakistan, approximately 30 kilometers

from the city of Sahiwal and about 180 kilometers from Lahore, the provincial capital. The city
lies on the fertile plains of Punjab, characterized by rich alluvial soil that supports extensive
agricultural activities. The area is predominantly flat, with a gentle slope towards the rivers,
making it ideal for farming. The city itself is built on a grid pattern, with well-planned roads and
residential areas. The soil in and around Chichawatni is highly fertile, primarily due to the
sediment deposited by the Sutlej River, which is located nearby. This fertility contributes to the
city’s reputation as an agricultural hub. The city benefits from a network of canals and irrigation
systems, which support the agricultural activities in the region. The nearby rivers, including the
Sutlej, provide essential water resources for farming. The region is dotted with fields of crops
and patches of greenery, including fruit orchards and vegetable farms. Common crops include
wheat, rice, and sugarcane, with various fruits cultivated in the surrounding areas.
Chichawatni experiences a typical Punjab climate, characterized by four distinct seasons: winter,
spring, summer, and autumn. Summers are hot and dry, with temperatures often exceeding 40°C
(104°F). This period is marked by low humidity and very little rainfall, making irrigation
essential for agriculture. The monsoon season brings relief from the summer heat, with rainfall
occurring primarily in July and August. Average rainfall during this season can range from 150
to 250 mm, which is crucial for replenishing groundwater and supporting crops. Autumn sees a
gradual decrease in temperatures, with pleasant weather prevailing. This season is often
associated with the harvest of various crops, making it an important time for farmers. Winters are
mild and can get quite chilly, with temperatures ranging from 5°C (41°F) at night to around 20°C
(68°F) during the day. Fog is common in the mornings, particularly in January, which can affect
visibility.
Introduction of Dairy Industry in Punjab
The dairy industry in Punjab, Pakistan, stands as a pivotal sector within the region's agricultural
framework, significantly influencing both the local economy and the livelihoods of millions. As
the most populous province in the country, Punjab accounts for the largest share of Pakistan's
milk production, contributing approximately 70% of the national total. This impressive output is
supported by a combination of favorable climatic conditions, fertile land, and a rich cultural
heritage that prioritizes livestock farming. The province's dairy sector not only serves the
nutritional needs of its residents but also plays a crucial role in providing employment and
income to farming communities.

Historically, Punjab has been known for its robust agricultural practices, and the dairy industry is
a natural extension of this legacy. The region's agricultural landscape is characterized by vast
fields and a diverse range of crops, which contribute to the nutritional requirements of dairy
cattle. The integration of crop and livestock farming has fostered a symbiotic relationship,
allowing farmers to utilize by-products of crop production as feed for their animals. This
interdependence has enhanced the productivity of both sectors, making dairy farming a vital
component of Punjab's economy.

One of the key features of the dairy industry in Punjab is its diverse farming structure,
encompassing both small-scale and large-scale operations. Smallholder farmers typically manage
a few cows for household consumption and local sales, while larger commercial farms focus on
mass production to supply urban markets and processing plants. This dual structure ensures that
a wide range of dairy products, from fresh milk to value-added items like yogurt, cheese, and
butter, are available to meet the diverse needs of consumers. The presence of various indigenous
and crossbred cattle, such as Sahiwal, Jersey, and Holstein-Friesian, further enhances the
industry's capacity to produce high-quality milk.

Punjab's dairy sector is also marked by a rich cultural heritage that celebrates livestock farming.
Traditional practices, such as hand milking and the use of local feeding techniques, coexist with
modern methods, including artificial insemination and veterinary care. This blend of tradition
and innovation has allowed the industry to adapt to changing market demands and consumer
preferences. Moreover, the dairy industry is closely tied to the social fabric of Punjab, with many
families relying on dairy farming as their primary source of income and sustenance.

Despite its significant contributions, the dairy industry in Punjab faces a range of challenges that
hinder its full potential. Issues such as inadequate infrastructure, market access, and climate
change pose significant threats to the sector's growth. Many smallholder farmers lack proper
transportation facilities and storage systems, leading to milk spoilage and reduced income.
Additionally, the impact of climate change, including erratic weather patterns and rising
temperatures, affects the health of livestock and the availability of feed. Addressing these
challenges requires concerted efforts from both the government and private sector to develop
policies that support sustainable practices and enhance productivity.
In recent years, there has been a noticeable shift toward modernization in the dairy sector.
Farmers are increasingly adopting advanced technologies to improve herd management, feed
efficiency, and milk production. Digital solutions, such as mobile applications for tracking
animal health and production metrics, are becoming more prevalent, empowering farmers to
make informed decisions. Furthermore, the establishment of modern processing facilities in
Punjab has improved the quality of dairy products, ensuring they meet both local and
international health standards.

The future of the dairy industry in Punjab looks promising, driven by a growing domestic
demand for milk and dairy products. With an increasing population and changing dietary habits,
the need for high-quality dairy products is expected to rise. However, realizing the full potential
of this sector will depend on addressing existing challenges and fostering an environment
conducive to growth and innovation. Government initiatives that focus on infrastructure
development, market access, and research can enhance the industry's sustainability and
profitability.
Introduction to Diary Industry Development Project
The dairy industry in Punjab, Pakistan, has experienced significant development over the past
few decades, transforming into a vital sector of the provincial economy. This growth has been
driven by several factors, including increasing consumer demand, advancements in technology,
and government initiatives aimed at enhancing productivity and sustainability.

Punjab, being the most populous province in Pakistan, has a large consumer base with a growing
demand for milk and dairy products. Rising awareness of the nutritional benefits of dairy,
combined with changing dietary habits, has led to a surge in consumption. This heightened
demand has prompted farmers to expand their production capabilities, leading to the
establishment of both small-scale and large-scale dairy farms.

The integration of modern technology into dairy farming practices has played a crucial role in
the industry’s development. Farmers are increasingly adopting innovative techniques such as
artificial insemination to improve livestock genetics, enhancing milk yield and quality.
Additionally, the use of digital solutions, including mobile applications for herd management and
tracking animal health, has empowered farmers to make data-driven decisions, optimizing their
operations.

Efforts to improve infrastructure have also contributed to the dairy industry’s growth.
Investments in transportation and storage facilities have facilitated better market access for
farmers, reducing milk spoilage and enhancing profitability. The establishment of modern
processing plants has further improved the quality of dairy products, enabling compliance with
health standards and expanding market opportunities.

Here are some key objectives related to the development of the dairy industry in Punjab:

 To enhance overall milk production through improved farming practices, better genetics,
and optimized feeding strategies.
 To encourage the adoption of modern agricultural technologies, including artificial
insemination, automated milking systems, and digital herd management tools, to increase
efficiency and productivity.
 To implement stringent quality control measures in milk production and processing to
ensure that dairy products meet health and safety standards, thereby boosting consumer
confidence.
 To develop and upgrade transportation and storage infrastructure to reduce milk spoilage
and enhance market access for dairy farmers, particularly smallholders.
 To collaborate with government bodies to develop and implement supportive policies and
programs that foster the growth of the dairy industry in Punjab.
 Learning and Practices during Internship
Training in the Medical Field on Dairy Farms

Introduction

Training in the medical field on dairy farms is essential for ensuring the health and productivity
of dairy cattle. Proper veterinary care, effective monitoring systems, and knowledge of treatment
protocols contribute to the overall success of dairy operations. This comprehensive training
covers various aspects, including cow monitoring, treatment methods, milk handling, calf care,
regular medication, calving procedures, and stress management. By equipping farm staff with the
necessary skills and knowledge, dairy farms can optimize animal welfare and enhance milk
production.

1. Cow Monitoring

1.1: Importance of Monitoring

Effective monitoring of dairy cows is crucial for identifying health issues early, allowing for
timely interventions. This includes monitoring physical health, behavioral changes, and
environmental conditions.

1.2 Technical Tools

 Physical Examination: Regular visual checks for signs of illness, injury, or distress. Key
indicators include appetite, posture, and overall appearance.
 Body Condition Scoring (BCS): Assessing body fat and condition to determine
nutritional status and health.
 Temperature Monitoring: Using digital thermometers to check for fever, a common
sign of infection.
 Behavioral Observations: Noting changes in social behavior, feeding patterns, and
activity levels to detect stress or illness.
 Wearable Technology: Utilizing collars or sensors that monitor activity levels,
rumination, and heat detection.

1.3 Record Keeping

Maintaining detailed health records for each cow, including treatment history, vaccination
schedules, and monitoring results, is vital for effective herd management. This data aids in trend
analysis and early problem detection.

2. Cow Treatment
2.1 Common Health Issue
 Dairy cows can face various health challenges, including mastitis, lameness, and
reproductive issues. Understanding these common conditions is critical for effective
treatment.

2.2 Treatment Protocols

 Mastitis Treatment: Involves antibiotic therapy and anti-inflammatory medications.

Regular milking and maintaining hygiene are essential to prevent infections.
 Lameness Management: Identifying the cause (e.g., hoof abscesses or laminitis) and
providing appropriate treatment, such as anti-inflammatory drugs and hoof trimming.

 Reproductive Health: Monitoring estrus cycles and providing artificial insemination.

Recognizing signs of pregnancy and managing any complications is crucial.

2.3 Veterinary Collaboration

Establishing a relationship with a veterinarian for regular health check-ups and

emergency interventions ensures that cows receive appropriate care. Training farm staff
to recognize when to call a vet is essential.

3. Milk Treatment
3.1 Importance of Milk Handling

Proper milk handling is crucial for maintaining quality and safety. This involves
cleanliness during milking, storage, and transportation.

3.2 Milking Procedure

 Hygiene Practices: Ensuring that equipment and the environment are clean to prevent
contamination. Staff should be trained in proper sanitation protocols.

 Milking Techniques: Training in proper milking techniques to minimize stress on the

cow and ensure complete milking.

3.3 Milk Quality Monitoring

Regular testing for somatic cell counts (SCC) and bacterial counts is essential. High SCC
may indicate mastitis, while bacterial contamination can compromise milk safety.
Training staff to conduct these tests and interpret results is crucial.

4. Calf Caring

4.1 Importance of Early Care

Proper care for calves is essential for their growth and future productivity. Early interventions
can significantly impact their health and development.
4.2 Calf Feeding

 Colostrum Management: Ensuring calves receive colostrum within the first few hours
of life to boost immunity.
 Balanced Nutrition: Providing high-quality milk replacers and later transitioning to solid
feeds, ensuring proper nutrition for healthy growth.

4.3 Health Monitoring

Regular health checks for calves, including vaccinations and deworming, are crucial. Monitoring
growth rates and feeding behavior helps in identifying any potential issues early.

5. Regular Medication
5.1 Preventive Care

Implementing a regular medication schedule, including vaccinations and deworming, is

vital for preventing diseases and maintaining herd health.

5.2 Medication Records

Keeping accurate records of all medications administered is essential for compliance and
effective herd management. Training staff in proper record-keeping practices ensures
accountability.

6. Cow Calving Cases

6.1 Importance of Proper Calving Management

Calving is a critical period that requires careful monitoring and intervention when
necessary. Complications during calving can lead to health issues for both the cow and
calf.

6.2 Calving Procedures

 Preparation: Ensuring that calving pens are clean, dry, and well-equipped for the birth
process.
 Monitoring Signs of Calving: Training staff to recognize signs of impending calving
and when to assist or call for veterinary help.

6.3 Post-Calving Care

After calving, cows require special attention to ensure they recover properly and bond
with their calves. Monitoring for signs of postpartum complications, such as retained
placenta, is crucial.

7. Stress Management
7.1 Stress Management
 Understanding common stressors in dairy cattle, such as environmental changes, handling
practices, and social dynamics, is essential for effective management.
7.2 Strategies for Reducing Stress
 Environmental Management: Providing comfortable housing with adequate ventilation,
space, and bedding to reduce heat stress and improve overall well-being.
 Handling Techniques: Training staff in low-stress handling techniques to minimize
anxiety during milking and veterinary procedures.
 Social Cohesion: Understanding the social structure of the herd and minimizing
disruptions to maintain a calm environment.
7.3 Monitoring Stress Responses
Utilizing behavioral observations and physiological measures (e.g., heart rate and cortisol
levels) to assess stress in cows helps in developing targeted interventions to improve
welfare.
Problems I Observed Faced on a Commercial Dairy Farm

1. Health Issues in Cattle

Problem: Health problems such as mastitis, lameness, and respiratory diseases can significantly
impact milk production and overall herd health.

2. Milk Quality Control

Problem: Poor milk quality due to contamination, high somatic cell counts, or bacterial growth
can lead to economic losses and market penalties.

3. Reproductive Issues

Problem: Low conception rates and reproductive inefficiencies can lead to decreased milk
production and profitability.

4. Labor Shortages

Problem: Finding and retaining skilled labor can be a significant challenge on dairy farms,
impacting operations and animal welfare.

5. Environmental Management

Problem: Environmental concerns, such as waste management and water usage, can pose
regulatory challenges and affect sustainability.

6. Market Fluctuations

Problem: Dairy prices can be volatile, leading to economic uncertainty and financial stress for
farmers.

7. Feed and Nutrition Management

Problem: Inadequate or inconsistent feed quality can lead to poor milk production and health
issues in cattle.

8. Stress Management

Problem: High-stress environments can negatively impact cattle health, milk production, and
reproduction.
Solutions to the Problems Faced At Dairy Farm

1. Health Issues in Cattle

Problem: Health problems such as mastitis, lameness, and respiratory diseases can significantly
impact milk production and overall herd health.

Solution

 Regular Veterinary Care: Implement a routine veterinary health program, including

vaccinations and regular check-ups, to monitor the herd’s health.
 Biosecurity Measures: Establish strict biosecurity protocols to prevent disease
introduction, such as controlling farm access and sanitizing equipment.
 Proper Nutrition: Provide balanced diets tailored to the nutritional needs of cows,
ensuring they receive adequate vitamins and minerals to maintain health.
 Monitoring Systems: Use monitoring systems (like wearables) to track cattle health
indicators, enabling early detection of health issues.

2. Milk Quality Control

Problem: Poor milk quality due to contamination, high somatic cell counts, or bacterial growth
can lead to economic losses and market penalties.

Solution

 Sanitation Protocols: Implement stringent sanitation practices for milking equipment

and storage areas. Regularly clean and disinfect all surfaces.
 Regular Testing: Conduct routine testing of milk for somatic cell counts, bacterial
counts, and antibiotic residues to ensure compliance with quality standards.
 Training Staff: Provide training for farm staff on best practices for milking and handling
milk to minimize contamination risks.

3. Reproductive Issues

Problem: Low conception rates and reproductive inefficiencies can lead to decreased milk
production and profitability.

Solutions
  Breeding Management: Implement a systematic breeding program, including the use of
artificial insemination (AI) and genetic selection to improve herd fertility.
 Heat Detection: Train staff to recognize signs of estrus accurately and use technology
(e.g., heat detection collars) to monitor and improve breeding success.
 Nutrition and Health: Ensure that cows are receiving proper nutrition and management
to support reproductive health.

4. Labor Shortages

Problem: Finding and retaining skilled labor can be a significant challenge on dairy farms,
impacting operations and animal welfare.

Solution

 Training Programs: Establish comprehensive training programs for new hires to

enhance their skills and understanding of dairy management practices.
 Incentives: Offer competitive wages, benefits, and incentives to attract and retain skilled
workers. Consider providing opportunities for advancement within the farm.
 Automation: Invest in technology and automation for routine tasks (e.g., milking
machines, feeding systems) to reduce reliance on manual labor.

5. Environmental Management

Problem: Environmental concerns, such as waste management and water usage, can pose
regulatory challenges and affect sustainability.

Solution

 Waste Management Systems: Implement effective waste management practices,

including composting, anaerobic digesters, or manure management systems to recycle
waste products.
 Water Conservation: Adopt water-saving technologies, such as efficient irrigation
systems and recycling wastewater for cleaning and cooling purposes.

 Sustainability Practices: Focus on sustainable farming practices, including crop rotation

and cover cropping, to enhance soil health and reduce chemical usage.

6. Market Fluctuations

Problem: Dairy prices can be volatile, leading to economic uncertainty and financial stress for
farmers.

Solutions

 Diversification: Consider diversifying products (e.g., yogurt, cheese, and ice cream)
to mitigate the impact of price fluctuations on raw milk sales.
  Forward Contracts: Engage in forward contracts or hedging strategies to lock in
prices and protect against market volatility.

 Financial Planning: Develop a robust financial plan that includes budgeting for lean
periods and building a reserve fund to withstand market fluctuations.

7. Feed and Nutrition Management

Problem: Inadequate or inconsistent feed quality can lead to poor milk production and health
issues in cattle.

Solution

 Quality Control: Source high-quality feed and conduct regular testing for nutritional
content and contaminants.
 Balanced Rations: Work with a nutritionist to formulate balanced rations tailored to
the specific needs of the herd, considering factors like age, production stage, and
health.

 Forage Management: Optimize forage management practices, including proper

harvesting and storage techniques, to ensure consistent feed quality throughout the
year.

8. Stress Management

Problem: High-stress environments can negatively impact cattle health, milk production, and
reproduction.

Solution

 Housing Improvements: Provide comfortable and spacious housing with proper

ventilation, bedding, and temperature control to reduce heat stress and discomfort.
 Low-Stress Handling: Train staff in low-stress animal handling techniques to
minimize stress during milking and other routine activities.

 Social Structure: Monitor and manage herd dynamics to reduce aggression and
social stress among cattle.
Agricultural Machinery Practices on a Dairy Farm

During my internship at a commercial dairy farm, I had the opportunity to engage in various
agricultural machinery practices that are crucial for efficient dairy farming operations. This
experience provided hands-on exposure to essential machinery, including tractors, Total Mixed
Ration (TMR) feeders, grass cutters, silage-making equipment, and water-saving devices. This
report outlines my experiences and learnings related to these practices, emphasizing their
importance in enhancing productivity and sustainability in dairy farming.

Machinery Operations

1. Tractor Operations

The tractor serves as the backbone of many agricultural operations, facilitating tasks such as
plowing, planting, and transporting materials.

Under the supervision of experienced farm staff, I learned to operate the tractor. Tasks included
preparing fields for planting by tilling soil and transporting feed from storage to feeding areas.

2. Total Mixed Ration (TMR) Feeding

TMR feeders are used to combine different feed ingredients into a complete diet for dairy cattle,
ensuring balanced nutrition.

Training and Activities:

 TMR Composition: I learned about the ingredients used in TMR, including forages,
grains, vitamins, and minerals. Understanding the nutritional requirements of dairy cows
was essential for effective TMR formulation.
 TMR Mixer Operation: I was trained in operating the TMR mixer. This involved
loading the mixer with various feed components, monitoring mixing times, and adjusting
moisture content.
 Feeding Process: I participated in the feeding process, ensuring that each group of cows
received the appropriate amount of TMR. This experience underscored the importance of
precise feeding for maximizing milk production and maintaining cow health.

Advanced Machinery and Practices

 1. Grass Cutting and Forage Management

Efficient grass cutting is vital for producing high-quality forage, which is essential for dairy
cattle nutrition.

Training and Activities:

 Grass Cutter Operation: I was introduced to the operation of a grass cutter, which
included adjusting cutting height and speed to optimize forage quality. Proper technique
is crucial for preventing damage to the grass and promoting regrowth.
 Forage Collection: After cutting, I assisted in collecting and transporting the grass to the
silage-making area. Understanding the timing of cutting is important, as it affects the
nutritional value of the forage.

2. Silage Making

Silage is a fermented feed made from green foliage, crucial for providing nutrients during
off-seasons.

Training and Activities:

 Silage Preparation: I learned the steps involved in preparing silage, including chopping
forage into small pieces, packing it into silos, and ensuring an airtight seal to promote
fermentation.
 Monitoring Fermentation: Understanding the fermentation process and its impact on
silage quality was crucial. I learned how to monitor pH levels and moisture content to
ensure optimal fermentation.
 Silage Feeding: I observed how silage is fed to cows and its role in maintaining a
balanced diet during dry periods when fresh forage is not available.

3. Water-Saving Devices

Efficient water management is critical in agriculture, especially in dairy farming, where

water is needed for both animal hydration and crop irrigation. Software Operated Device
was developed by the students of LUMS collaboration with Nestle Pakistan.

Training and Activities:

 Introduction to Water-Saving Technologies: I was introduced to various water-saving

devices, including drip irrigation systems and Software Operated Device. These
technologies help conserve water and improve irrigation efficiency.
  Field Applications: I assisted in installing and maintaining device in the fields.
Understanding the layout and operation of these systems was essential for optimizing
water usage.
 Monitoring Water Use: I learned how to monitor water consumption and implement
strategies to reduce waste, such as scheduling irrigation based on weather forecasts and
soil moisture levels.

This device used at Shaheen Dairy Farm is one of seven in the country that ensure the
water save in field by alarming the water excess and low level in fields.

Recommendations

These are the recommendations that must need to practical on farm to enhance the overall
growth of the farm. These factors that I observed on dairy farm during my internship quite
disturbing in progress. Health and daily basis observation is the key success factor in livestock
industry that I observed during my internship.

Improve Record-Keeping Practices:

 Utilizing digital tools for tracking animal health, production data, and
management practices can streamline operations. Accurate record-keeping is
essential for effective decision-making and performance evaluation.

Adopt Sustainable Farming Practices:

 Integrating more sustainable agricultural practices, such as rotational grazing and

organic feed options, can improve soil health and reduce environmental impact,
while also enhancing the farm's long-term productivity.

Strengthen Community Engagement:

 Building relationships with local agricultural organizations and participating in

community outreach can foster a supportive network, promote knowledge
sharing, and enhance the farm's reputation.
 Conclusion
The six-week internship at the dairy farm has been an invaluable learning experience, providing
me with comprehensive insights into the multifaceted operations of modern dairy farming.
Throughout this period, I gained hands-on experience in various aspects, including cow
monitoring, health management, agricultural machinery practices, and sustainable farming
techniques. This multifaceted exposure not only enhanced my technical skills but also deepened
my understanding of the critical role that effective management plays in ensuring animal welfare
and optimizing production.

In the first half of my internship, I focused on medical practices, where I learned the importance
of regular monitoring and health assessments for dairy cattle. Understanding common health
issues such as mastitis, lameness, and reproductive challenges allowed me to appreciate the
significance of timely veterinary care and preventive measures. By engaging in health record
management and treatment protocols, I recognized how these practices contribute to maintaining
a healthy herd, which is essential for maximizing milk production and ensuring the farm's
profitability.

The second half of my internship emphasized agricultural machinery practices, where I operated
various equipment, including tractors, TMR feeders, and silage-making machinery. This hands-
on experience taught me the importance of machinery in enhancing operational efficiency and
productivity. I learned not only how to operate these machines but also the maintenance practices
necessary to prolong their lifespan and ensure safety. Understanding the role of proper forage
management and the production of silage highlighted the critical connection between crop
management and dairy nutrition.

Moreover, the introduction to water-saving devices underscored the importance of sustainability

in dairy farming. As water scarcity becomes an increasing concern, implementing efficient
irrigation practices and technologies is vital for the long-term viability of dairy operations. My
training in these areas has equipped me with knowledge that is crucial for addressing
contemporary challenges in agriculture.

Overall, this internship has significantly enriched my understanding of dairy farming as a

complex and dynamic industry. The integration of animal health management, advanced
machinery, and sustainable practices is essential for achieving a balance between productivity
and environmental stewardship. I am grateful for the mentorship and guidance received during
this period, as it has prepared me to contribute meaningfully to the agricultural sector in the
future. This experience has not only solidified my interest in dairy farming but has also inspired
me to pursue further studies and a career focused on sustainable agricultural practices.

References
General Manager

Muhammad Saeed Zia

Veterinary Doctor
Dr. Imtiyaz

Consultant doctor of Shaheen Dairies

Dr. Zahid Gujjar (Head of Veterinary Hospital Ravi Campus Pattoki)