HOSPITAL DIETS

a. ROUTINE DIETS
1. Full, House, General or regular diet
• Designed for patients who require no special dietary modifications or restrictions
2. Soft Diet
3. Liquid Diets
• Clear
• Full
• Cold
• Osterized
• Blenderized
• tube feedings

b. THERAPEUTIC DIETS
c. TEST DIETS
1. These are diets with specified food components; used as diagnostic aids

Characteristics and Indications For Use Of Different Therapeutic Diets

Type of Diet/Indications for use Characteristics Food selection

1. Modification A. Liquid Diet
in Consistency
Clear liquid diet Liquid Clear, fat-free
- Illness Leave no residue broths
- Surgery Non-distending Strained juices
- Intolerance to foods Non-irritating Tea
- Acute inflammatory Non-stimulating to Black coffee
conditions of the GI tract peristaltic action Salabat
- Necessary to minimize fecal Used for 1-2 days Plain gelatin
material Sugar plain
Hard candies
Give small amounts
every 1-2 hrs
Full Liquid diet Intermediate between Those included in
- post-operatively clear liquid and soft the clear liquid diet
- Acute infections, acute diet plus;
inflammatory conditions of Consists of liquids or Strained cream
GIT strained semiliquid soups
- Patients too ill to eat solid or foods and foods that Pureed strained
semi-solid foods liquefy at room and meat and fish
- Impaired chewing and body temperature Vegetable purees
swallowing ability Free from cellulose and and juices
- Face lifting irritating spices Strained lugao and
- Radical mouth surgery 6-8 small feedings oatmeal
recommended Strained fruit juices
Plain ice cream
Plain gelatin
Custard or
cornstarch pudding
Milk and milk drinks
Cocoa cream in
moderation
Melted margarine or
butter
Cold liquid diet Given to prevent Plain ice cream
- Tonsilectomy bleeding Cold milk
- Adenectomy Used only for a limited Iced tea
- Dental extraction period Iced coffee
- Other minor throat and Soft drinks
mouth operations Cooked soft and
bland foods which
have been cooled
Tube feedings (Blenderized Composed of foods All foods included in
and Osterized) included in the soft and the soft and liquid
- Esophageal obstruction liquid diet, blended and diets which are
- Surgery of the mouth liquefied easily blended
- Gastric surgry Ideally 1 cc of diluted 100-200 cc of dilutes
- Severe burns formula provides 1 kilo formula given every
- Coma calorie 2-3 hours is
- Insanity recommended
- Severe under nutrition
- Paralysis of swallowing
muscles
- Acute and chronic infections
- Face lifting
B. Soft Diet Transition from the full Low in cellulose
- Unable to chew, swallow or liquid to the regular full content
digest foods diet Low in fiber
- Mild to moderate infection Nutritionally adequate Free from tough
- Simple GI disturbances diet connective tissues
- Convalescence Modification of the and strong flavors
normal diet in Simple and easily
consistency and texture digested
Minimum Residue Diet Made up of foods FOODS ALLOWED:
- Dysentery which form the least Plain and strained
- Diarrheas amount of fecal matter soups
- Pre and post periods when it Inadequate in vitamins Lean and tender
is desired to reduce fecal and minerals beef
residue Used for limited time Liver, chicken (no
- Colostomy only Skin) and other sea
- Ileostomy Limited fiber foods
- Bowel resection Soft cooked eggs
Well cooked
strained vegetables
and strained fruit
juices
Only margarine and
butter in
moderation
Rice and other
cereals
Plain cakes
Plain gelatin
Refined sugars
Black coffee and tea

FOODS AVOIDED:
Milk and milk drinks
Cheese
Raw eggs
Vegetables
Fruits
Coarse breads and
cereals
Tough meat
Fried foods
Rich desserts

Low Residue Diet If this diet is ordered, a Up to 2 cups of milk

soft diet is given is allowed
Bland Diet Food and drink which is FOODS ALLOWED:
- Gastric and deudenal ulcers chemically, Mild in flavor
- Gastritis mechanically and No coarse fiber and
- Ulcerative colitis thermally non-irritating tough connective
- Some cardiac cases in order Foods likely cause tissues
to provide rest to the heart dyspepsia omitted Non-stimulating and
Regularity and any food tolerated
frequency of meals is by the patient
advised FOODS AVOIDED
Black pepper
Chili powder
Strong coffee and
alcohol

Mechanical Soft Diet Food given requires Include full diet but
- Poor dentures little chewing reduced to small
- Lack of teeth pieces by grinding,
 - Presence of sores and lesions chopping, mincing
in the mouth
Low Fiber Diet contains a minimum of avoid gristle and
Spastic constipation indigestible tough tissues in
Diverticulitis carbohydrate and meats
Other gastrointestinal tough connective seeds and skins of
disturbances tissues fruits and
vegetables
whole grains cereals
coarse breads

C. High Fiber Diet

Atonic Constipation Normal diet with fiber Full diet with
- Atherosclerosis increased to more than emphasis on long-
- Diverticulosis 10 gms daily fibered vegetables
- Diabetes mellitus Concentrated foods Raw fruits and
replaced by those of vegetables
greater bulk Whole grain cereals
Coarse breads

2. Modification A. Calorie
in
Composition
High Calorie Contains a greater FOODS INCLUDED:
- Underweight amount of total energy Normal diet with
- Protein energy malnutrition to effect a positive increased amounts
- Fevers and infections energy balance of cereals;
- Hyperthyroidism Minerals and vitamins Breads
- Burns remain at or above Butter
- Growth recommended levels Cream
- Pregnancy and lactation Gradual rather than other fats and
drastic increase in the sugars
amount of food given
3 meals with in FOODS AVOIDED:
between feedings excessive amounts
of bulky low calorie
foods
fried foods or those
which may interfere
with appetite

Low Calorie Contain a reduced FOODS INCLUDED:

- Obesity amount of total energy Protective foods are
- Diabetes mellitus to effect a negative emphasized
- CVD energy balance Sufficient bulk
- Renal disease Protein, minerals and Low in calories for a
- HPN vitamins remain at or satisfied feeling
- Gout above recommended
- Gall bladder disease levels FOODS RESTRICTED:
- Preceding surgery Distribution of CHO and High fats foods
fats may follow normal High CHO foods
pattern as long as total
calories are reduced
Drastic reduction
should be avoided

B. Carbohydrate
High CHO CHO in the diet are Rice and cereals
- Renal and liver disturbances increased by 50% Breads and bakery
- Toxemia of pregnancy above the normal products
- Addison’s disease Rootcrops
- Preparation for surgery Noodles
- hyperthyroidism Sugars and sugar
products
Native cakes
Dried beans and
legumes
Low CHO CHO in the diet are Foods high in
- Hyperinsunalism reduced by 50% protein
- Dumping syndrome Proteins and/or fats are Adequate to high fat
- Obesity increased foods in certain
- Epilepsy conditions
- Celiac disease

C. Protein All regular diet with

emphasis on milk,
eggs, cheese, meat,
poultry and fish
High Protein Increased by 50-100%
- Growth above the ormal
- Pregnancy allowance
- Lactation
- Protein-energy malnutrition
- Burnsfractures
- Fever
- Debilitating conditions
- Pernicious anemia
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Renal disease without
azotemia
- Hepatitis
- Cirrhosis without impending
coma
- Hyperinsulanism
- Dumping syndrome
- Celiac disease

Low Protein Protein restricted to FOODS AVOIDED:

- Acute glomerulonephritis 50% below the normal Protein foods in
- Uremia allowance excess of prescribed
- Hepatic coma 20-30 gm per day amount
- Chronic glomerulonephritis
- With nitrogen retention FOODS LIMITED
Legumes
Nuts
Cereals
Vegetables
Protein-free or Zero protein Use only for emergency Fruit juices if
- Hepatic coma measure potassium is not
- Acute anuria High CHO and fats to restricted
prevent tissue Sugar
breakdown Butter
Sugar-mixtures as
butterballs
Butter soup
Butter pudding

D. Fats and Lipids

Low Fat Severely restricted fat Skim milk
- Malabsorption with diet Egg
styeatorrhea 20-30 gms fat per day Lean meat
- Acute attacks of pancreatitis Cottage cheese
cholecystitis Cereals
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Fruits
- Celiac disease Vegetables
Sugars

FOODS AVOIDED
Fatty meats
Desserts
Fried foods
Modified fatty acid ratio calories from fat FOODS AVOIDED
- Coronary artery disease approximately for fats of meats
- DM normal level butter
- Hypercholesterolemia hydrogenated
- Atherosclerosis margarine
- hyperlipoproteinemia whole milk
cream cheese
coconut oil
Low cholesterol Eggs limited to 2-3 per Lean meat only r
- Atherosclerosis week fish
- Hypercholesterolemia Dietary cholesterol 2-3 eggs yolk/week
- Gallbladder stones with reduced to less than Eggwhite as desired
cholesterol esters 300 mgs per day Skim milk
- Coronary artery disease Cottage cheese
Vegetables and
fruits
Topioca
Cornstarch or rice
pudding prepared
with skim milk
Honey
Sugar

FOODS AVOIDED
Glandular organs
Oyster
Cream cheese
Wholemilk
Cream
Butter
Ice cream

E. Combination of
Carbohydrates, protein and
fats (diabetic diet)

F. Minerals
Sodium restricted Sodium content is FOODS ALLOWED
- Restriction depends on limited to a specific Foods that are low
individual needs level which may range in sodium content
- Less severe restriction when from mild restriction to FOODS AVOIDED
diuretics are used severe restriction Canned foods
Provides an adequate Processed foods
diet with a prescribed which uses salt and
level of sodium sodium containing
according to individual flavoring agents and
needs preservatives, salt,
patis, vetsin, and
toyo
Levels of Restriction
1. 200-250 mg Na Lowest level of sodium FOODS ALLOWED
restriction Rice or oatmeal
- Severe hypertension Jam
- Whose salt tolerance is low Meat limited to 4
exchanges per day
unsalted vegetable
oil for cooking
only low sodium
milk
Lofenalac
FOODS AVOIDED
Butter
Margarine
Commercial baked
productcs
2. 500 mg Na Strict sodium FOODS ALLOWED
restriction Ordinary
- Severe CHF evaporated milk not
- Renal disease with edema more than 2 T/day
- Cirrhosis with ascitis 200 mg Na diet
- Pulmonary edema
3. 1000 mg Na Moderate sodium 500 mg Na diet ¼
restriction tsp Na Cl/day
- Serious CHF High in protein diet
- Used as maintenance diet for
nephritis
- Toxemia for pregnancy

4. 2000-3000 mg Na Mild sodium restriction FOODS ALLOWED

 Essentially a normal Moderate use of salt
- Patients with moderate diet in preparation
heart damage Moderate use salt in FOODS AVOIDED
- Maintenance diet in renal food preparation Further addition of
disease salt, toyo, patis or
- Steroid edema other salty
- Edema of hepatic origin condiments
- Premenstrual tension Highly salted foods
- Mild CHF
5. No added salt Liberal NA restriction –
(3-4 g NA) no salt is added to food
during cooking and
serving
• Potassium Potassium content is FOODS ALLOWED
Restricted reduced to about 1.0 to Cereals and breads
- Renal failure 1.5 gms per day Sugars
- Hyperkalemia Fats
- Addisons disease Protein foods
- Oliguria Fruits and
- Anuria vegetables within
the prescribed
amount

FOODS RESTRICTED
Milk
Cream
Eggs
Meat
Fish
Poultry
Fruits and
vegetables

FOODS RESTRICTED
• Calcium Calcium content is Milk
restricted reduced to Cheese
- Calcium stones approximately 150 and Eggs
- Hypercalcemia 350 mgs per day in Nuts
- Recurrent pancreattis adults and children Meat
- Diagnostic test for Fish and other high
hyperparathyroidism calcium foods

G. Ash Content
Acid Ash Diet Acid-ash foods FOODS INCLUDED
- Kidney stones are Acid-ash food
- Calcium and magnesium emphasized Meat
phosphates Neutral foods Fish
- Carbonates and oxalates used as Poultry
desired Eggs
Whole grain cereals
Bread
Noodles
Prunes
Corn lentils
NEUTRAL FOODS
Butter
Sugar
Plain candies
Oils and fats
Coffee and tea
FOODS LIMITED
Milk
Fruits
And vegetables