Republic of the Philippines

EASTERN VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Tacloban City
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Industrial Engineering Department

MODULE 5
CBDRRM mechanisms during and after a
disaster & Disaster Response Mechanisms and
Preparations for Rehabilitation and Recovery
Presented by:
Adorsa, Mariel
Aner, Jann Rainier
Animos, Annie Rose
Germones, Hanz Revane
Mortezo, Kate Carren
Surmeon, Rhea
Tañola, Chammel
Content:
1. Disaster response - Surmeon
2. Key roles and responsibilities during disaster response - Surmeon
3. Evacuation camp/center management – Adorsa & Germones
4. Relief delivery operations - Animos
5. Family and individual response to specific disasters - Surmeon
6. Management of the dead and the missing - Tanola
7. Psychosocial support - Mortezo
8. Preparing for the rehabilitation and recover – Aner
 Disaster Response
(Understanding the Importance of Effective Disaster Response)
What is Disaster Response?
"The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or
immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts,
ensure public safety, and meet the basic subsistence needs of people
affected" (RA 10121, p6).

Key Measures: Search and rescue, evacuation center management, relief

operations, damage assessment.
Key Roles During Disaster Response

Question 1: Did we see this during the role-playing? Did the Barangay
Captain convene the BDRRMC?

Question 2: How did the disaster response sub-committees perform?

Question 3: Who was monitoring and giving warning? In the structure we

prepared, who should be doing this?
Reviewing Tasks and Responsibilities

Question 4: Let us again review their tasks. What are these assigned
tasks and responsibilities? What should they do when there is an
incoming hazard?

Question 5: What did the Information and Communication do during our

group exercise?

Question 6: How about the Evacuation Management Committee? Did

they check the evacuation sites and routes?
Evaluating Evacuation Management

Question 7: Did they support actual evacuation? Did they prioritize the
vulnerable sectors?

Question 8: Were they able to evacuate those who refused to do so?

Question 9: Did they provide appropriate first aid treatment to those in

need?

Question 10: Were they the last people out?

Assessing Transportation and Family Roles

Question 11: How about the Transportation Committee? Were there

transportation arrangements for evacuation?

Question 12: How about the families? Did the members know what to do?

Question 13: How did they behave?

Question 14: Did anyone bring their “Go Bag”? Remember, families should
also assign roles and responsibilities to members.
The Importance of Simulations and Drills

Question 15: What are the benefits of having simulations and drills?
 General Guidelines on
Evacuation Camp/Center
Management
1. The safety and wellbeing of the affected population including their
livestock and domestic animals by natural or human induced disaster is
the primary concern of the State. Whenever necessary, the families and
communities residing in hazard prone areas shall be evacuated to safe
location when their lives are at risk of impending danger or prevailing
hazard occurs.
2. Gender sensitivity is paramount and will be observed/practiced in all
evacuation centers including separate facilities for male and for females.
3. The management of an evacuation center is the primary responsibility of
the affected local government unit or by local government units hosting
the displaced families ensuring that these centers are managed and
operated following the standards set in this policy. The national
government shall provide augmentation support including management
of evacuation centers, additional shelters, etc. in the event that the
number of displaced families exceeds the capacity of the LGU to
accommodate.
4. All schools, sports arenas/basketball courts, stadium, multi-purpose halls,
churches other open spaces can be identified and used as sites for
setting up evacuation centers.
5. Alternative temporary shelters shall be established or explored for the
evacuees or displaced population. In the event the evacuees are already
housed in schools, they shall be transferred to alternative shelters such
as tents, bunkhouses and other temporary shelters as early as possible.
6. All evacuation centers shall provide basic needs of evacuees such as but
not limited to: Healthy, safe and nutritious food, safe water, toilets,
clothing, blankets, plastic sheets, health care and other services needed
to ensure safe and healthy environment in the evacuation center.
7. Schools shall not be the primary choice and option for evacuation
centers. However, in the event that schools need to be utilized, the LGU,
with support from national government agencies shall establish
transitional shelters to house the evacuees for an extended period of
time. Use of schools should be up to 3 days for short-term displacement
while medium and long term displacement is up to 15 days or until such
time that the respective LGUs are able to establish the alternative
transitional sites.
8. Documentation of the individuals and families inside the evacuation
center shall be observed at all stages of its operation following standard
set for reporting and recording of evacuees.
9. Where possible, evacuation facilities/spaces/areas shall be provided for
livestock and other domestic animals of evacuees ensuring their safety
and provided with their basic needs such as but not limited to food, water,
etc.
10. Isolation and quarantine facilities, protocol and procedure shall be
provided to handle highly communicable diseases.
11. Safe, clean and healthy environment in evacuation centers shall be
strictly observed.
12. Essential facilities such as but not limited to the following: Medical
station/clinic, hand washing and laundry, waste disposal area, kitchen
and cooking, breast feeding rooms, conjugal room, livestock and
domestic animal pen/coral shall be available in evacuation centers/camps
based on standards.
11. Safe, clean and healthy environment in evacuation centers shall be
strictly observed.
12. Essential facilities such as but not limited to the following: Medical
station/clinic, hand washing and laundry, waste disposal area, kitchen
and cooking, breast feeding rooms, conjugal room, livestock and
domestic animal pen/coral shall be available in evacuation centers/camps
based on standards.
Evacuation Center
Management Plan
Immediately upon the issuance of these guidelines, all local government units shall
develop an evacuation center management plan that will include the following:
• List of Evacuation centers with contact numbers of camp management team.
• List of activities to be undertaken within the duration of the evacuees’ stay
inside the evacuation center.
• Responsible persons/partner agencies and their contact numbers involved in
the management of EC.
• Resources Needed
• Expected output per activity
Evacuation Center
Management Kit
 Basic Facilities and Standard
1. Shelter and Accommodation 7. Water Spaces
2. Camp Management desk or office 8. Health
3. Toilets and Bathing Areas 9. Couple Room
4. Child- Friendly Spaces (CFS) 10. Provision for management of
5. Storage area livestock and domestic animals
6. Laundry Spaces owned by evacuees
 Basic Services
1. Food
2. Nutrition
3. Protection
• Child Protection
• Gender based violence
Relief Delivery Operation
 What is Relief Delivery Operation?
Relief delivery is an emergency response which aims to ensure the
immediate survival of the threatened population.

Relief delivery covers the provision of:

• Emergency health services (First aid, managing mass casualties,
managing severe nutritional deficiency, sanitation, water supply,
personal hygiene, control of communicable diseases)
• Provision of food and non-food items
• Temporary shelter
• Emergency repair of critical facilities
• Psychosocial support
 Relief Package Contents for Typhoon Yolanda Victims
DSWD Family Food Pack
• Intended Duration: 2-3 days for a
family of five
o 6 kg of rice o 8 packs of instant noodles
o 8 sachets of coffee o 6 canned goods
• IOM Non-Food Item (NFI) Relief
Package
o Blankets, mosquito nets, o Cooking Kit
mats, tarpaulins o Sanitation Kit
o Water basin and dipper o Hygiene Kit
o Shelter Kit
Rapid needs assessment is done to provide us with other basic information
and to make sure our assistance is appropriate.
steps should be followed immediately after a disaster has occurred:
a. Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (DANA) DANA “involves a
participatory analysis of the disaster event, of the damages it caused, of
the immediate needs and priorities of the affected community, and of the
remaining capacities people use to cope with the adverse effect” (Heijmans
& Victoria, 2001, p. 34).)
b. Planning. Once the damages, needs, and capacities have been identified,
the BDRRMC could then determine the materials and resources needed by
the barangay, how these can be procured and sources, and the institutions
and agencies that they could seek assistance from.
steps should be followed immediately after a disaster has occurred:
c. Resource Generation. This step entails the proactive solicitation of
resources identified in the plan. The BDRRMC could write solicitation
letters and project proposals, approach businesses, and seek
augmentation from local and national government and non-government
agencies. We could show them the results of the DANA, along with the
plan, so that they would know the basis for the assistance we’re soliciting.
d. Purchasing. When sufficient funds have been availed, we can now
purchase the goods or materials that we need.
e. Warehousing. There must be a place large and secure enough to place and
repack the goods and materials procured.
steps should be followed immediately after a disaster has occurred:
f. Repacking. Volunteers could then be mobilized to repack the goods.
g. Distribution. Once repacked, we could distribute the relief items to those in
need. Ensure that the distribution is properly documented and all intended
recipients receive their relief packs.
h. Reporting. Upon distribution of the relief packs, reporting should ensue.
The BDRRMC could prepare the financial and narrative reports and submit
such to the donors and agencies that provided support. The reports should
also be posted in conspicuous areas in the community so that the residents
are aware of how the resources solicited were used In every step of the
process, we must always remember that relief assistance must be timely,
appropriate, and adequate.
Family/Individual Response to
Other Hazards
(Preparing for and Responding to Hydro-Meteorological, Geological, and Other
Hazards)
Hydro-Meteorological Hazards
(Flooding)
During Flooding: Immediately After Flooding:
• Do not attempt to cross rivers or streams • Re-enter dwellings cautiously using
with water above the knee. flashlights, lanterns, or torches.
• Beware of water-covered roads and • Be alert for fire hazards like broken electric
bridges. wires.
• Avoid swimming or boating in swollen • Report broken utility lines to appropriate
rivers. agencies.
• Eat only well-cooked food and protect • Do not turn on main switches or use
leftovers from contamination. appliances until checked by an electrician.
• Drink clean or boiled water only. • Consult health authorities for immunization
requirements.
• Avoid "sight-seeing" in disaster areas.
 Storm Surge
• Stay away from within 500 meters of the coast when a storm or
typhoon is approaching.
• Evacuate to higher ground before waves swell.
• Move boats to higher ground.
• Wait for local authorities to advise it is safe to return home.
Geological Hazards
(Volcanic Eruption)
During Eruption: After Eruption:
• Clear canals and pathways of ash debris.
• Stay alert and follow instructions. Evacuate • Hose down accumulated ash and plant
if directed. leaves on roofs.
• Scrape off ash to prevent roof overloading. • Listen to local radio or television for
• Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, updates.
goggles, and eyeglasses. • Report broken utility lines and damaged
• Avoid running vehicle engines. buildings.
• Avoid driving in heavy ashfall unless • If you have a respiratory ailment, avoid
absolutely necessary. contact with ash and stay indoors.
 AshFall
• Clean roofs and gutters with water to prevent corrosion.
• Shake loose ash from plants before watering.
• Use powder detergent to wash ash-contaminated clothes.
• Vacuum or shake loose ash from furniture before dusting.
• Cover your nose and mouth while cleaning.
• Use a water hose to remove ash from windows and doors before
washing.
• Collect ash and dispose of it away from water drainage.
 After AshFall
• Stay calm and cover your nose and mouth with a damp cloth or gas
mask.
• Scrape off ash from rooftops to prevent collapse.
• Listen to the radio for updates.
• Close all windows and doors.
• Keep pets indoors to avoid ash inhalation.
• Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating.
• Cover water containers and food to prevent contamination.
• Pull over and stop if driving in heavy ashfall.
• Seek shelter outdoors and wear glasses to protect your eyes.
 Earthquake
During Earthquake:
• Stay calm and "Drop, Cover, and Hold" if inside a sturdy building.
• Open the door for exit if possible.
• Duck under a sturdy desk or table and hold on.
• Stay away from windows, shelves, cabinets, and heavy objects.
• Be alert for falling objects.
• Move to an open area if outside.
• Stay away from trees, power lines, posts, concrete structures, steep
slopes, and the shore.
• Stop and get out of a moving vehicle.
 Earthquake
After Earthquake:
• Be prepared for aftershocks.
• Take the fastest and safest way out of the building.
• Avoid using elevators, entering damaged buildings, and using
telephones unless necessary.
• Check for injuries, water and electrical damage, and chemical spills.
• Control fires.
• If evacuating, leave a message and bring your "Go Bag."
• Listen to battery-operated radios for updates.
 Landslide
If No Time to Evacuate (Indoors):
• Stay inside and hide under a sturdy object like a table.
If Caught Outdoors:
• Stay away from the path of the landslide.
• Go to the nearest higher ground.
• Run towards the back of trees or buildings if debris is approaching.
• Assume a fetal position and cover your head if unavoidable.
 Fire
Fire escape : If Fire is Too Big:
• Have at least two escape routes • Leave the building immediately.
for every room and a safe If Clothes Catch Fire:
meeting place. • Stop, drop, and roll.
Putting Out Small Fires:
• Use a fire extinguisher or water
(not for electrical or chemical
fires).
 Fire
If Smoke is Present: If Escape Route is Blocked:

• Cover your nose and mouth with a • Stay in the room with the door closed.

cloth and stay low to the ground. • Signal for help with a brightly colored

• Crawl on your hands and knees to cloth.

exit. • Call the fire department if there is a

Once Out, Stay Out: phone.

• Call the fire department from a Before Fire Goes Out of Control:

neighbor's home. • Try to put out the fire with a fire

extinguisher or sand.
• If the fire doesn't die down, drop the
extinguisher and evacuate.
 Bucket Brigade
• Community-based firefighting method.
• People form a line from the water source to the fire and pass buckets
to extinguish the blaze.
 Tsunami
If a Strong Earthquake is Felt and Unusual Sea Conditions are Observed:
• Immediately move to higher ground.
• Never Go Down to the Beach to Watch:
• You are too close to escape if you see the wave.
• Stay Out of Danger Areas Until "All Clear" is Issued:
• A tsunami is a series of waves.
Management of the Dead and
the Missing
 What is Management of the Dead and Missing?
The Management of the Dead and the Missing (MDM) aims to provide assistance in
the proper identification and disposal of the remains in a sanitary manner with cautions
to prevent negative psychological and social impact on the bereaved and the
community (NDRRMC, 2014).
The management of the dead entails the following steps:
• Retrieval of the bodies
• Transportation of the bodies
• Identification of the bodies
• Final arrangements for the dead
• Disposal of the unidentified bodies.
 Which barangay unit could take charge of
retrieving the bodies?
The BDRRMC Sub-Committee on Search and Rescue (SAR) Operation could take
charge of the retrieval of the dead. The SAR members and volunteers should
follow the guidelines set by the Department of Health (DOH) when recovering
bodies (DOH, 2012).

How should dead bodies be handled at the scene?

Per DOH’s guidelines (2012), the SAR Team should observe and document the
location
 How will the bodies be removed and transported
from the scene?

• Care must be taken not to lose, contaminate or switch the body, body parts, or
property to be removed and transported. All dead bodies and body parts
retrieved onsite should be placed in cadaver bags.
• When choosing vehicles to transport dead bodies, it is advisable to use trucks
or vans, preferably closed, with floors that are either waterproof or covered
with plastic.
 How will the dead be identified?
For deaths caused by natural disasters, the unidentified bodies shall be turned
over to the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) for proper identification of all
declared dead bodies. For deaths due to human-induced disasters, the Philippine
National Police (PNP) is tasked to identify the bodies. Both will issue Certificate of
Identification for all examined/processed and identified bodies. The City/Municipal
Health Officer shall issue the Death Certificate based on the Certificate of
Identification issued by the NBI/PNP.
 What will be the final arrangement for the dead?
Upon verification of the legitimacy of the claimant, the LGU through the local
health officer, shall authorize the release of the identified bodies to the legitimate
claimants who in turn will be responsible for the ultimate disposal of the identified
cadavers. The city/municipal LGU shall be responsible for the final disposal of
unclaimed identified bodies.
 How will the unidentified bodies be disposed?
• The city/municipal LGU, shall dispose of the unidentified bodies with religious
and ethnic considerations and consultation with the community.
• The location of graveyards should be agreed upon by the community and
attention should be given to ground conditions.
 How will the cases of missing persons be handled?
The provincial/city/municipal Social Welfare office shall:
• Establish the local Social Welfare Inquiry Desks for data
generation/information management of missing persons presumed to be dead
during the disaster and their surviving families.

Who will assist the bereaved families?

The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), DOH, and
Philippine Red Cross (PRC) shall work together to address medical, psychological,
and physiological needs of the families of missing persons, responders, and
communities affected
Psychosocial Support
 What is Psychosocial Support?
Psychosocial Support covers "crosscutting activities which prevent and
reduce negative impacts on well-being that promote the ability of families
and communities to support each other, resume everyday activities, and
heal" (UNICEF).
 Psychosocial Supports: First-line Responders

• DOH is the lead agency in health emergency management, where the

Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) is one major
component.
• The Department of Health (DOH) is responsible for providing
psychosocial support services to government responders (relief
workers, rescuers, etc.). On the other hand. DSWD takes the lead in
the provision of MHPSS services in evacuation centers while the
Department of Education (DepEd) is the lead in schools
How To Identify Individuals Who Are High • Watched a friend, relative/person die as
Risk/Likely To Develop Severe a result of the disaster
Psychological Reactions After A Disaster: • Lost their homes, properties/livelihood
• Those who were trapped inside fallen because of a disaster
buildings, entombed for hours or caught • Do not show usual reactions to disaster
in a near death situation during the • Forced to flee, leave their homes/transfer
disaster to another place as a result of disaster
• Lost a limb or suffered any serious • Reactions are exaggerated or distorted
physical injury as a result of the disaster • Reactions last for more than 4-6 weeks
• Lost one/more members of the family • Previous psychiatric problems/crisis
because of a disaster before the disaster
 What Do We Refer?
REFERRAL the act of recommending that a person speak to a professional who
is more competent to handle the difficulties and complexities of his/her needs,
• Referral may be necessary when the stress reactions of individuals
affected by disasters are causing impairments (inability to take care of self
or inability to work)
• When a person hints or talks openly of suicide
• If there is a possibility of child abuse or any criminal activity
• The problem is beyond your training
• The problem is beyond your capability
• The problem does not fit the purpose of the community responder program
• The person seems to be socially isolated.
What Do We Refer?
• You have difficulty maintaining real contact with the person
• You become aware of dependency on alcohol and drugs
• When the person is engaging in risky or threatening behavior
• When you yourself become:
o Restless
o Confused
o Have negative recurring thoughts
o Dream about the case
o Feel you are the only one who can help
Preparation For Rehabilitation
& Recovery
 Conducting Post Damage Needs Assessment

When it is already safe to go back to our houses, a systematic process of

preparing for rehabilitation and recovery should be done. The first thing to be
done by the BDRRMC is the conduct of post-damage needs assessment
(PDNA). While the DANA discussed earlier is needed to determine the
immediate needs and capacities of our community, the PDNA seeks to assess
our long-term needs and capacities for rehabilitation and recovery; and prevent
another disaster to happen.
• How will the barangay do the
PDNA? Let us go back to the
BDRRMC structure.
• Which committee should be in
charge of the PDNA?
• Who are the best people to
• assist the committee?
 Can we assign at least 3 from the barangay and two representatives
from each purok to assist in the conduct of the PDNA?

• Various experts like engineers, economists, statisticians, etc. who have knowledge on
the valuation and estimation of damages, losses and needs in a sector should be
members of the assessment team for that given sector. While the BDRRMC is not
mainly responsible for the valuation and estimation, it could assist the city/municipal
government in identifying the rehabilitation and recovery needs of the barangay,
• This form is based on internationally accepted PDNA process. However, it has been
adapted and expanded for the situation in the Philippines. Let us do a quick review of
the contents of the form now.
• Which items can we answer ourselves? Which items require help from technical
experts?
 Cleaning and Livelihood
Assessment at the Household
Level
• Parallel and complementary to the PDNA efforts, is the cleaning of houses
and public facilities.
• What do we need to ensure when cleaning houses and public structures?
Indeed, we need to ensure safety and protection from health risks (exposure
to harmful chemicals and disease carriers).
• What protective measures should we have? We should wear gloves and
boots to protect our hands and feet. We should also use disinfectant to kill
harmful bacteria brought by flood water or debris. The BDRRMC could
coordinate with government agencies and non-government organizations for
the provision of cleaning and protection materials.
• From the assessment of our household needs and clean-up drive, we can
proceed to the assessment of our livelihood. What was destroyed (crops?
Fish pens? Products?)
• If many of you in the same sector (e.g. farmers, fishers, storeowners) have
experienced similar loss, you could join forces and identify what needs to be
done to recover from your losses.
• If losses could not be recovered, what are the alternatives? You can then
seek the support of the BDRRMC and other agencies and organizations on
addressing livelihood needs and alternatives.
 Planning for Rehabilitation and Recovery

Once the results of the PDNA are done, the BDRRMC could gather all
community stakeholders and develop a rehabilitation and recovery plan. The
plan should contain programs, projects, and activities (PPAs) that will ensure
that the losses and destruction will not happen again.
• Where are we going to access funds for the PPAs? Which agencies can
we tap for support?
• How are we going to protect structures and livelihoods should a similar
event occurs (e.g. insurance)?
 Ensuring protection of children and their participation in the
preparations for rehabilitation and recovery.

• Consider the needs of children in the conduct of PDNA.

• Involve children in the conduct of PDNA and the development of the rehabilitation
and recovery plan.
• When conducting the PDNA and in the development of the plan for rehabilitation and
recovery, focus on facilities and structures used by children (like schools, public
playground, day care center, etc).
• Strengthen mechanisms and develop policies that would ensure protection of
children's rights.
 and that concludes our presentation, . .

thankyou!