TAWAU: A 72-year-old

man, Supardie Diaz was

sentenced to eight years
in prison
and was also punished
with three strokes of the
cane by the Tawau
Sessions Court
when he was pleaded
guilty for molesting a 9-
year-old girl yesterday
where the victim
is his granddaughter.
Sessions Court judge,
Amir Shah Amir Hassan
meted out the sentence
on the Diaz
for committing lewd acts
on a minor and child
molestation.
Diaz was charged under
Section 376A of the
Penal Code, which is
punishable with
imprisonment for a term
of not less than ten
years and not more than
thirty years, and
shall also be punished
with whipping.
On October 7, 2017, the
victim and her mother
reported to the police
that Diaz had
abused the girl.
Diaz had allegedly
committed the offence
on October 6, 2017
between 4.30pm to
4.55pm and the offence
had allegedly taken
place at an oil palm
plantation at Taman
Bukit Tawau.
The girl reportedly told
police that on one
occasion Diaz brought
her into the bathroom
of her home, unzipped
his pants and began
masturbating in front of
her while touching
her breast.
In another instance,
Diaz reportedly walked
into the victim’s room
where she was
sitting on her bed
watching television and
asked if she wanted to
see something.
Then unzipped his pants
again and exposed
himself despite the
victim’s attempts to
turn away.
Diaz was detained on
October 10, 2017 at
about 5.50pm at
Kampung Kubang Baru,
Jalan Kubang Pinang,
Semporna.
Deputy Prosecuting
Officer, Adam Bakar said
he is in awe of the
courage and resolve
that the young victim
has shown in this
case by describing the
details of what
happened to her.
The actions of this
individual violate the
basic notions of family
and trust.
“Children are meant to
be protected by their
loved ones, not
violated by those
entrusted with their
well-being and it make
she deserves all the
credit for the outcome
in this case”, Adam
said.#
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Thailand's political landscape is a complicated fabric shaped by both current issues
and historical legacies. The country, well-known for its rich cultural legacy, has struggled
with the complex interactions between the military, the monarchy, democratic aspirations,
and social unrest. The political history of the nation is characterized by several shifts between
military dictatorship and democratic administration. Thai society is profoundly rooted in the
monarchy, which has long been regarded with great respect. Nonetheless, there has been
discussion over how to strike a balance between the monarchy's symbolic function and its
participation in governing.

Thai society is heavily influenced by the monarchy, of which King Maha

Vajiralongkorn is the current head of state. Talks about the monarchy's political power,
defamation laws known as lese-majeste, and restrictions on free speech, however, continue to
be hot topics of debate. Throughout history, the military has exercised considerable influence
over political matters by regularly interfering through coups and by keeping a strong presence
in administration. Its power extends to many areas, affecting laws and reshaping the political
climate of the nation.

Thailand has seen waves of protests advocating for democratic reforms, social justice,
and reduced military influence. Youth-led movements, notably the 2020 protests, called for
constitutional reforms and greater inclusivity, highlighting a growing desire for participatory
governance. Efforts toward constitutional reforms and discussions on electoral laws are
underway. However, challenges persist in achieving a sustainable balance between
monarchy, military, and democratic governance. Recent developments reflect a push for
dialogue, reforms, and attempts to bridge the divide among different political factions.
 Thailand's political development is the result of a sophisticated synthesis of social
expectations, historical customs, and modern goals for a more open and inclusive political
system. Handling these complexities calls for a careful balancing act that honors cultural
legacy while welcoming the changing needs for a flexible and resilient democratic system.
Thailand's future requires constant communication, inclusive changes, and a dedication to
creating a political climate that balances stability and development with the many goals of its
people.

2.0 EARLY POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND MONARCHICAL

INFLUENCE
Thailand's historical odyssey unfolds through a tapestry woven with the influences of
early civilizations, beginning with Dvaravati and Srivijaya from the 6th to the 13th centuries.
These realms, saturated with the hues of Indian culture, particularly in central Thailand's
Dvaravati and the southern Srivijaya Empire, burgeoned into sanctuaries of Buddhist and
Hindu artistry. The resonance of Indian influence set the stage for the symphony of Khmer
dominance, centered in Cambodia from the 9th to the 15th centuries. Thailand, under the
sway of the Khmer Empire, witnessed the construction of awe-inspiring temples, exemplified
by the iconic Angkor Wat, a testament to the enduring impact of Khmer culture.

In the chronicles of Thai history, the Sukhothai Kingdom (1238–1438) emerges as a

beacon of independence. Regarded as the first Thai kingdom, Sukhothai, founded by King
Ramkhamhaeng, not only established a centralized government but also birthed the Thai
alphabet, marking a pivotal moment in cultural identity. The Golden Age of Ayutthaya
(1351–1767) stands as a testament to Thailand's prowess as a prosperous kingdom and a
major trading hub, renowned for its cultural achievements. However, this zenith was marred
by the tragic chapter of destruction as Ayutthaya fell to Burmese forces in 1767, leading to
the kingdom's collapse.

Amidst the ruins, the Thonburi Period (1767–1782) emerged, led by the unifying
figure of King Taksin. Although he successfully unified the country and established the
Thonburi Kingdom, his reign was ephemeral, marked by subsequent political upheaval. The
Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–present) dawned with the founding of Bangkok by King Rama
I, heralding the establishment of the Chakri Dynasty. King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) sculpted
an era of modernization in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, skillfully navigating
Thailand away from European colonization. World War II posed challenges, but Thailand's
diplomatic finesse secured independence through a treaty with Japan. Post-World War II,
political shifts and economic development unfolded, with Thailand playing a strategic role
during the Cold War.

In the contemporary period, Thailand's landscape transformed with economic growth,

fueled by the latter half of the 20th century. The development of a robust tourism industry
showcased the nation's cultural heritage and natural beauty. However, political instability,
characterized by periods of coups and protests, marked the nation's trajectory, oscillating
between military and civilian rule.

Today, Thailand stands as a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy,

beckoning travelers to its shores as a renowned destination, harmonizing cultural richness
with breathtaking landscapes. This journey through time encapsulates Thailand's
metamorphosis from ancient civilizations to a multifaceted modern nation.

3.0 ERA OF MILITARY COUPS AND SHIFTING POWER STRUCTURES

Thailand's political landscape has been punctuated by a series of military coups,

marking distinct periods of governance characterized by shifting power structures. The 20th
century saw several coups, each influencing the trajectory of the nation. In 1932, the shift
from an absolute to a constitutional monarchy laid the groundwork for subsequent power
struggles. The military's perception as a stabilizing force during times of political unrest
became a recurring theme, leading to interventions in 1957, 1976, 1991, and 2006. These
coups often resulted in changes to government structures, the drafting of new constitutions,
and, at times, direct military rule.

The influence of the military in contemporary Thailand is particularly pronounced,

with a coup in 2014 led by General Prayuth Chan-o-cha. This marked a period of direct
military rule, and even with a return to civilian rule in 2019, the military retains significant
sway. The constitution drafted under military guidance grants substantial powers to non-
elected institutions, ensuring a continued military influence in political affairs. The military's
deep involvement in national security and foreign policy further solidifies its role in shaping
the broader political landscape.
 Challenges arising from this era of military dominance are manifold. Democratic
erosion is evident as interventions disrupt the development of stable democratic institutions,
posing challenges to civilian governance. Political instability becomes a recurrent theme,
creating uncertainties that hinder long-term political and economic planning. The correlation
between military involvement and restrictions on civil liberties raises concerns about political
dissent and freedom of expression. Economic repercussions are also significant, with the
specter of political instability affecting investor confidence and foreign direct investment.

The future trajectory of Thailand's political landscape remains uncertain. While

periods of military rule have been interspersed with attempts at democratic governance, the
delicate balance between security concerns and democratic values will shape the nation's
political future. Addressing historical grievances, fostering inclusivity, and establishing a
governance paradigm that reconciles security and democracy will be critical for navigating
the challenges posed by this era of military coups and power shifts. The nation stands at a
crossroads, and how it navigates these complex dynamics will determine the contours of its
political evolution.

4.0 MILITARY INVOLVEMENT IN GOVERNANCE

Thailand's political narrative is intricately woven with the complex threads of military
involvement. The 20th century witnessed a series of coups and interventions, notably in 1932,
1957, 1976, 1991, and 2006. Each upheaval brought changes to government structures and
constitutional frameworks. The military, often seen as a stabilizing force during periods of
political unrest, has left an indelible mark on Thailand's governance landscape.

In present-day Thailand, the military continues to exert considerable influence. The

2014 coup led by General Prayuth Chan-o-cha ushered in a period of direct military rule,
culminating in a constitution drafted under military guidance. Despite a return to civilian rule
in 2019, non-elected institutions retain significant powers, sustaining the military's impact on
political affairs. The military's involvement extends to national security and foreign policy,
interwoven with a closely-knit relationship with the monarchy.

The enduring presence of the military poses multifaceted challenges. Democratic

erosion is evident as frequent interventions impede the maturation of democratic institutions,
hindering their autonomy. Political instability becomes a recurrent theme, creating
uncertainties that impede long-term planning, both politically and economically. The
correlation between military involvement and restrictions on civil liberties and human rights
raises concerns about political dissent and freedom of expression. Economically, the specter
of political instability affects investor confidence, impacting growth and foreign direct
investment. Social divisions, exacerbated by military interventions, deepen, reflecting not
only political rifts but also diverse perspectives on the military's role in governance.

The trajectory of military involvement in Thai politics remains uncertain. Periods of

military rule interspersed with attempts at democratic governance characterize the nation's
journey. The future hinges on navigating the delicate balance between security concerns and
democratic values. A sustainable and inclusive political system remains an elusive goal,
requiring the careful unwinding of historical grievances and the establishment of a
governance framework that harmonizes security and democracy.

Thailand's historical tapestry is marked by a nuanced dance between military and

civilian governance. Ongoing military influence poses formidable challenges to the
development of a robust democratic system. Charting the path forward necessitates
addressing historical wounds, fostering inclusivity, and establishing a governance paradigm
that reconciles security imperatives with democratic ideals. The fate of Thailand's political
landscape is intricately tied to the delicate negotiation of this complex relationship between
the military and civilian institutions.

5.0 DEMOCRATIC ASPIRATIONS AND CIVIL UNREST IN THAILAND

Thailand has seen a wave of democratic aspirations in recent years, marked by a surge
in civil unrest and the emergence of pro-democracy movements. Dissatisfaction with the
political status quo, coupled with a desire for greater democratic representation, has catalyzed
a groundswell of activism. Thai citizens, particularly the youth, are expressing a collective
voice in demanding political reforms and a more participatory governance structure.

The pro-democracy movements in Thailand gained momentum notably in the late

2010s and early 2020s. These movements, led by various grassroots organizations and
student activists, have called for constitutional reforms, an end to political repression, and a
more inclusive political system. The protestors have been vocal in challenging perceived
injustices and advocating for a government that is more responsive to the aspirations of the
people.

Key protests, such as those in 2020 and 2021, have left an indelible mark on
Thailand's political landscape. The demands for democratic reforms, an overhaul of the
constitution, and greater accountability have resonated widely. Despite facing challenges and
instances of government crackdowns, these protests have succeeded in drawing attention to
the need for substantial political change. The impact of these movements has been felt not
only within the country but has reverberated on the international stage, sparking discussions
about the nature of democracy and governance in Thailand.

Youth activism has been a driving force behind the pro-democracy movements. The
younger generation, equipped with social media and a strong sense of social justice, has
played a pivotal role in mobilizing support and bringing attention to their cause. The calls for
reforms extend beyond just political changes; they encompass broader societal issues,
including education reform, social equality, and an end to institutionalized discrimination.
The youth's engagement in these movements reflects a desire for a more progressive and
inclusive vision for Thailand's future.

In conclusion, the democratic aspirations and civil unrest in Thailand represent a

significant shift in the nation's political landscape. The emergence of pro-democracy
movements, driven largely by the youth, is reshaping the discourse around governance and
societal values. The impact of these protests goes beyond immediate policy changes; they are
instrumental in shaping the trajectory of Thailand's political future and fostering a more
participatory and inclusive democracy.