lCLAAS 3 CONTAIN

Q .01.PCR- Pollymerase chain reaction.

Uses- To amplify the specific piece of DNA.

Trech.- Act is photocopy machine

Discovery- Karry Bmolis 1984

Step-01. Denaturation-02 DNA Stand Seprate out

02.Annaling-

03. Extension

Q.02. Ribosomes- Protien synthesis(Prokarytic70s Type, and eukaryotic80s Type)

Surface on RER- Ribosomes

Protien Packing- Golgi aapratores

Lipid formation- SER,Help in Drug Metabolism,Calcium supplying

Energy production- mitocondriya (Heam synthesisi enzymes contain,electron transport

chain,beta oxidation enzymes )

Q.03-Bacteria grow temtrature

01. Psychrophiles- Below 20 C

02. Mesophiles -25 – 40 c (most of Pathogen bacteria are mesophils)
03. Thermophiles-More then 55 c or 55 -80 c
04. Capnophilic-Required high concentration CO2(15 - 10 % CO2)
05. Low ph bacteria grow Acidic condition-Lactobasillus(4 Ph)
06. Bacteria that grow in alkaline Condition-Vibrio (8 – 9ph Best grow 08.4)

Q.04 Blotting

01.Southern blot- DNA

02. Northern blot- RNA

02Eastern blot-Post translation modification /carbohydrate

03.Western blot- Protien

Q.05 Most abundant amino acid in collagen Protein- Glycine

02.Most abundant protein in mammals- Collagen(Structral protein)

03. Collagen- 1/3 total protein of body

03. Collagen structure -Triple helical

04. Collagen is support rigidity provide and shape (part of connective tissue)

05. every third amino acid in collagen –glycine

06.Amino acid that is absent in collagen –tryptophan

Q.06 Zwitter ion –Hybride or mixure (Charge is zero)

01. Ph at which zwitter ion can be found –Isoelectric ph

02.zwitter ion also known as –Dipolar ion

03. Acidic condition seen – Cation

04. alkaline condition seen – Anion

Q.07 Functional unit of the enzyme –Holoenzymes

01. Enzymes contain – protine part (Apoenzyme) ,non protein part(Co enzymes)

02.Holoenzymes = apoenzyme +co enzyme

03.Holoenzyme = apoenzymes +prosthetic group( Tightly Join non protein part,Apoenzymes)

Q.08 Smollest unit of antigenicity- epitop (Atigen)

01.Paratop- antibody

02.Haptens – Carrier protein , All immunigens are antigen but all antigen are not immunogens

Q.09 Humoral immunity – Active and passive

01.Anibody are synthesized by body called active immunity but direct ready made antibody
called passive immunity.

02.Active immunity(2) – natural (infection) and artificial (vaccine)

03. Passive immunity(2)- Natural (IgG By placenta) and Artifecial (injection ab)

Q.10 Delayed hypersensitivity –Type4 (cell mediate but 1,2,3,hyper all humoral)

Type4 –delayed(24 – 72 Hur) But 1 2 3 hyper. Immediate

Type1 – IgE(mast cell degranulation,anaphylaxis asthma ,atopic dermatitis) ,

Type 2 IgG (transfusion reaction ,Rh incompability hemolytic anema

type3 Ag Ab complex(arthus reaction ,serum sickness ,glomerulonephritis,rheumatoid arthritis)

type4 T cell medate (Tuberculin test ,granuloma formation ,contact dermatitis,Tuberculosisi

leprae

CLASS 4 CONTENT

Q.01 Bacterial gowth curv- 4 phase

01. Lag phase-Log phase –stationary phase – decline phase

Q.02

01. Nutrient broth – It is made up of nutrient broth + 02% agar

02. Agar is a solidify agent

03. Solid agar prepare- Agar 01 to02% (japniese agar 02% ,or new zeeland agar 01.2%)

04. Semisolid agar – 0.5%

05. Solid agar to inhibit proteus swarming 06%

Q.03

01.End product od purin matabolism – uric acid

02. end product of glycolysis- Aerobic in pyruvic acid and Anaerobic in lactate acid

03. end product of Prtien or amino acid- Urea

04. end product of Haemdegradation-Bilirubin

05. end product of Beta oxidation- Acetyle Co A

05. Pyrimidine- Beta amino butyric acid

06.Fatty acid synthsis- palmitate

07. T3 and T4 – secreted by thyroid gland

08. TSH – secreted by pituitary gland

Q.05
01. Fate soluble vitamin (KEDA)

02. water soluble vitamin (B and C)

03.Hematopoitic Vitamins – B9 &B12

Q.05

01. B&T cell originate in- Bone marrow

02. T cell maturation Thynus and B cell maturation bone marrow

Q.06

The volume of packed red blood cells that occupies a given f whole blood – Hemetocrite (PCV)

Normal Value – Adult male 40 – 40 %

Adult female – 38-45%

Pregnant (female) – 36 – 42 %

Q.07 Transport Protein of iron in the circulation – TansferrinFe3+(ferric form)

02. Hemoglobine –o2 carring protein Fe2+ (Ferrous form)

03. Ceruloplasmin – Cu. binding Protien

04. Ferritin(Hemosidrin)- Storage form of iron

Q.08 GRAFT- Pease of living tissue

01.Autograft –Self body (Apni body ka tissue apni hi body me Transplant Kiya jay)

02.Isograft-genitically. Identical indibisual (twins)

03. Allowgraft- Geniticaly non identical person os same species

04. Xenograft –Genetically different species

Q.09

01. Bad cholesterol – LDL

02. Good chole. HDL

* largest genome virus- retrovirus

* smolest genom virus- hepatitis D <hepanavirdae<parvovirdae

*DNA Prsent- Nuclus

*RNA Present- Cytoplasm

*All DNA virus replicate – nuclus (Except Pox virus replicate in cytoplasm)

*All RNA virus in replicate – Cytoplasm (Except retrovirus and orthomyxoviruses) replicate in
nuclus)

Electron microscope

Use- nano size organism

Typ- Sem (3D) and Tem (2D)

Embeding media- Resin

Fixatives- glutraldyhyde and osmeium tetraoxyde

Slide made up – megnet

Stain – salt of heavy metal Ex.↓

01. Lead citrate

02. Urenyle acetate
03. Phashotungstic acid
04. O5O4
Museum Techniqui

Use Knife Name- Butcher knife

Kaiserling I(fixing solution) - Formaline400gm

Pottasium acetate30gm

Pottasium nitrate2000gm

Kaiserling II Solution – 80%ethyl alcohol mainten colour of specimen

Kaiserling III solution – Mounting

Glycerin 300ml ,sodium acetate 100g ,formalin 5ml ,D/w 1000ml

AMINO ACID
 Aliphatic simple amino acid- glycine , alanine
Branched chain amino acid- leucine ,isoleucine, valine
Sulfur cantain amino acid – cystein and metheonine
Hydroxyl group contain – serine , threonine
Amid group contain – aspargine , glutamine
Acidic amino acid – aspartic acid ,glutamic acid
Basic amino acid – arginine , lysine

Metabolism

*Glycolysis – The oxidation of glucose or glycogen to Pruvate(Aerobic condition) and lactate

(Anaerobic condition)

*Gluconeogenesis - The synthesis of glucose from Non-carbohydrate precursors.

*Glycogenesis- the formation of glycogen from glucose.

* Glycogenolysis- the breakdown of glycogen to glucose.

* Central molecule of carbohydrate metabolism – glucose

*lipogenesis- synthesis of fat

*HMP – hexose mono phosphate shunt

*Universal pathway in living cells- glycolys

 Classical Dengu
*Black bone fever – Dengue virus (arbovirus RNA)

*Vector-Infected female Aedes aegypti

*Symtomes- High fever, rases,muscles joints pain ,bone pain,headech ,eye wall pain.swelinf
lymph nodes.

*Haemmorrhaic dengue- capillary brust,TPC Down,

*Phase of Dengue- 1.dengue fever2.febrible phase3.critical phase 4.recover phase

*Tourniquiet test- rases seen

*chikinguniya(RNA)- Also knows as “doubled up” and bending

*On the basis of RBC morphology – Size and colour

*Microcytic hypochromic- < MCV 80 fl (Reduction of hb component)

Note- Dicrease MCV ,MCH,and MCHC

Ex.(SITA) 01.Sideroblastic anemia

02.Iron deficiency anemia

03.Thalassemia

04.Anemia of chronic disease

*Normocytic normochromic- MCV 80 -100 fl(Reduction of RBC Cound

Note- Two condntion

(A)(SHAPE).High reticulocyte count

01.Sickle cell anemia

02.herediatory spherocytosis

03.Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

04.PNH

05.Enzymes deficiency (G6PD)

(B) Low reticulocyte count

01.Renal failure

02.anemia of chronic disease

03.Mylofibrosis
 04.Cancer (leukemia/metastasis

*Macrocytic normochromic- > MCV 100 fl (Disruption of DNA Synthesis)

Note- MCV raised

Ex.01. Liver disease

02. Hypothyroidism

03.Megalobastic anemia

04. Cytotoxic drugs

*100 ;c in flowing steam for 30 minuts each on 3 days- Tyndallization( for use sugar)

*Function of mesosomes in bacteria-ATP production ,power house ,respiration,cell

division,sporulation

Staphylococcus Aureus
Maphology- *Gram positive cocci(Grapes like cluster)

*Non sporing ,non capsulated & non motile bacteria

* Catalase – positive

*Oxidase- negative

*Cogulase enzymes- Fibrinogen convert to fibrin

*Culture- Nutrient agar- golden yellow pigment

*Blood agar – pin head colonies and beta hemolytic colonies

*Mackonkey medium- tiny lactose fermenting colonies

* Selective media – Salt agar Salt agar , ludlams media

* Selective + differential media – manitol salt agar

* Carriage- Nose Site,oropharynx,skin, hair, vagina

*Toxin-Cytotoxin(Alfa beta gama delta ), enterotoxin(Shock syndrome) ,exofaliative

toxin(scaled skin syndrome disease)
Infection –

*Skin and soft tissue-Impetigo,

* Bone muscle joint infection- Osteomyelitis, myesitis , septic arthritis

*Respiratory tract infection-Pharynxgitis, sinusitis ,Pneumonia

*Nasocomial infection-

Elentnry canal Layer – 01.Serosa

02.Muscularis

03.Submucoas

04.Mucosa
 Streptococcus

*alpha hemolysis – streptococcus Pneumoniae

*Beta hemolysis – streptococcus pyogenos
* Gama hymolysisi- enterococcus

Streptococcus lancefield

*Gram positive cocci

*Catalase test – negative
*Oxidase test – negative
*Non motile &non sporing
*Facultative Aerobes - O2 +&O2 negative In present
*Use media – only grow on enriched media (Blood agar)

Cornebacteria Deptheria
01. Gram positive bacillus
02. Non sporing
03. Non capsulated
04. Club shaped
CATALASE POSITIVE BACTERIA(Cats Have BeeN to PLACESS)
01.Bordetella pertussis
02.Helicobactor pylori
03.Burkholderia cepacia
04.Nocardia
05.Pseudomonas
06.Listeria
07.Aspergillus
08.Candida
09.E.colli
10.Serratia
11.Staphylococcus

Capsulated Bacteria Motility Type

01.Anthrax bacillus Tumbling - Listeria
02.Klebsheilla Gliding -Mycoplasma
03.Hameophilus enfluenza Stately - clostredium
04.Yersenia pestis Darting - vivrio
 05.Meningococci Swarming - Protius
06.Clostridium perfinges Corkscrew - spirochete
07.Bordtella
08.Vivrio cholera
Inclusion Bodies
Basophilic Stippling in seen – 01.Thalassemia
02. Megaloblastic anemia
03.Lead poisning
04. Liver disease

Howel Jolly bodies inseen - 01.Megaloblastic anemia

02.Thalassemia
03.Hemolytic anemia
04.Splenectomy

Cobot’s Ring In Seen – 01.Megalblastic animea

02.Lead poisning
Pappenheimer Bodies in seen –Basophilic smoll ,iron containing granules in rbs,
Positive for perls prussion blue reaction
01. Spelenectomy
02. Thalassemia
03. Sederoblastic anemia

Acid And Base

Companstated – Normal Ph (Acid and Base)

Partial Uncompanstated – Abnormal H+ and HCO3 ione

Uncampanstated – normal H+ and HNO3 ione

CELL JUNCTION

Tight junction – no leakage

Gap junction – connection

Desmosome – (Neighbouring) Pluque protein (Prsnt –heart,intestine,skin)

Adhering junction – all around protein pluge (prsnt – intestine)

Himidesmosomes junction – no involment of basement membrane

 PARASITE

Protozoa -01. Ciliate

Balantedium (large protozoa, larege intestine,2 nucli)

02.Flagelate
Giardia lamblia ,tricomonas vaginalis(intestine)
Leismania , trypanosome (Blood&Tissue)
03.Psedopodes-
Intestine- E. histolytica (PATHOGENIC) ,E.colli Intestine(Non pathogenic)
Free living- Neglaria (PAM), acanthamoeba(GAE) , balamuthia(GAE) ,
sappinia
04.Sporozoa
Cryptospora ,isospora , cyclospora (Intestne)
Palsmodium ,babesia ,toxoplasma (Blood&tissue)

HELMINTHES -

Heamatopoesis

*Heamatopoesis in bone marrow- Medullary

* Heamatopoesisi in other than bone marrow- extra medullary (emergency case.spleen liver)

* All Blood cells are formed from – HSC (Heamatopoitic stem cells)

*Embryo and placenta – Totipotent

*All cells in the body – Pluripotent

* Makes several cells types- multipotent

*myeloid & lymphoid series formed cell. Dendritice cell

*Mast cell(BASOPHIL) &machrophase(Monocyte)- myeloid series

Erythropoesis (P.E.I.L.R.RBC)

*Remnants of ribosomal RNA –Reticulocyte

*Early Erythrolast also known as- Basophil erythroblast

* Intermediat erythroblast also known as- Polychromatophil erythroblast

*Late erythroblast also known as- Orthochromatic erythroblast

*Befor the appearance of hb – Basophilic

*When hb synthesis appear – Polychromatic and staind by both acidic and basic dye

*Complete hb synthesis(Late normoblast)- Acidophilic

* Site for rRNA synthesis- Nucleolus

Iron deficiency anemia

*Iron Inhancers – Meat (Heme iron) , Fruit (Vita. C) , Sugar (solubilizing agent) , Acids

* Iron inhibitor- Dairy food (Calcium) , High fiber (Phytate) ,coffee/tea ,anti acids

Couses Iron deficiency anemia

 GIT Bleeding ,peptic ulcer, esophageal varice

 *Hookworm & cancer ,Hematuria , Uterine bleeding
 Increase demond of iron – pregnancy , erythropoietin therapy
 No absorption of iron – enteropathy and gastrectomy9
 Sign and symtoms- Koilonychia (spoon shape nail) ,angular stomatitis, dysphagia (in
esophagus welling), plummer , Vinson syndrome
 Lab diagnosis of IDA
 01.BLOOD –Examination – Hb, RBC reduse ,Retic increase, MCV ,MCH ,MCHC, Dicreased
,WBC normal, TPC normal
 02.BONE MARROW EXA.- Cellularity- increase
 Erythropoesis –increased
 M/E ratio- decreased
 Marrow iron – decreased
 03.Biochemistry Exa.- Serum iron- reduced
 Serum ferritin –reduced
 TIBC (Total iron binding capacity) – Increased
 Transferrin saturation – decreased
 Stain uses- perls prussain blue stain
 Hemophilia (Royal disease)

 X-linked disorder,inherited disorder

 Mostly affected male

  Hemophilia A(classical hemophilia) - Factor 8 defeciency ,commom type 80 to 85 %
cases

 Hemophilia B. – (Factor 9 defecincy or Christmas disease), 15to20 % cases

 Hemophilia C – Factor 11 defecinecy (Aoutosomal disorder) Male and female affected

 Aquired hemophilia- usually factoe 8 defeciency ,affect old age

Megaloblastice Anemia (MACROCYTIC NORMOCHROMIC)

*Defeciency- VitaB12 , folic acid B9 , Intrincsic factor

*Intrinsic factor –release by parietal cell of stomach

Hemolytic anemia (RBC Distruction)

01. RBC life span – Reduced

02. Erythropoisis activity – Increased

03. RBC breakdown in condition- Heme and globin Out from rbc

04. Product of HB catabolism – Increased

0A. intravascular hemolysis-

Pontiac fever –legionella
09
01. Which of the following can be used fixative ?

A.10% Nutral buffered formaline (B) Bouins fluid (C) Carnoys fluid (D) All

02.Which of the following acid may be used for decalcification?

(A) 25% sulfuric acid (B) 05%nitric acid (C) 20% Hcl (D) 30% orthophashoric acid

03.Tissue process unit also knows as?

(A) histokinatte (B) histomate (C) histocatt (D) histoform

04.one is not found (involve) in colorimeter?

(A) Cuvett (B) light source (C) Filter (D) fule source

05.Leukocyte responsible for respone to parasitic and aalergic infection?

(A) monocyte (B) lymphocyte (C) eosinophil (D) neutrophil

06. Normal Value of thrombin time?

(A) 30 – 40 second (B) 11 – 15 sec.(C) 200 - 400sec

07.Eosinophilia is seen in?

(A) Food sensitivity (B) drug sensitivity (C) atopic dermatitis (D) all

08.All these are causes of thrombocytopenia except

(A) cytotoxic drugs (B) hemorrhage (C) aplastic anemia (D) radiotherapy

09.The most common form of leukemia in children is?

(A) ALL (B) CLL (C) AML (D) CML

10.Infection mononucleosis is coused by ?

(A) Echo virus (B) Coxsaki virus (C) Epstein barr virus (D) CMV

11.Which of the following is not a prokaryotic organism ?

(A) Bacteria (B) Archaea (C) Fungi (D) Cynobacteria

12.Which of the following is an example of a gram negative Bacteria ?

(A) Staphylococcus (B) E.Colli (C) Clostridium (D) Stretococcus

13.What is the primary function of the ribosomes in a bacteria cell?

(A) DNA Replication (B) Protien synthesis (C) ATP Production (D) Lipid synthesis

14.Yellow brown barrel Shaped egg colourles producing plug polar

(A) Ascaris (B) Tenia solium (C) Trichuris trichura (D) Entamoeba hystolytica

15.Biochemisry test used sample except?

(A) Urin (B) Whole blood (C) Serum (D) Stool

16. The normal Range of HDL?

(A) 45 – 70Md/Dl (B) 70-100 (C) 100-120 (D) 18-40

17.The main site of production of ATP in the cell I the ?

(A) Cell wall (B) Cell membrane (C) Mitocondria (D) Ribosome

18.Hot air oven temperature ?

(A)121 C for 15min. (B) 180 C for 30min. (C) 160 Cfor 30min. (D) All

19. Hb used in ?

(A) Utilized therapy anemia (B) diagnose Anemia (C) Joindic (D) All

20.The antibody of blood group is?

(A) Anti A and B (B) Anti A and C (C) Anti A and O (D) All of the above

21. Torch Means ?

(A) Toxoplasma ,rubella ,cmv, Aids

(B) toxoplasma ,rubella, cmv, Hepatitis

(C) toxoplasma ,cmv,herps virus

(D) all

22.Which is the keto sugar?

(A) glucose (B) fructose (C) Galactose (D) All

23.An instrument which used for measuring the concentration of colored and colorless
solution is known as?
(A) Sahlis hemoglobonometer (B) Flame photometer (C) spectrophotometer(D)colorimeter

24.Visible light range covers between …..nm?

(A) 250- 450 (B) 550 – 800 (C) 250 -700 (D) 350 -700

25.All value are affected by hemolysis sample and gives false high value except?

(A) Na+ (B) Bilirubin (C) K+ (D) Creatinine

26. Anticoagulant of choice for blood gas analysis is?

(A) EDTA (B) Sodium citrate (C) Heparin (D) Floride

27. How many bones are axial skeletal?

(A) 110 (B) 206 (C) 200 (D) 80

28.DOTS programine is associated with?

(A) Deptheia (B) Typhoid (C) Tuberclosis (D) Maleria

29.Solubility of substance can be increased by?

(A) Vapourisation (B) heating (C) Cooling (D) heating

30.which is the order of mitosis cell division?

(A) Anaphase,telophase,metaphase,prophase

(B) metaphase,prophase,telophase,anaphase

(C) prophase, metaphase,anaphase, telophase

(D)Telophase,anaphase ,prophase,metaphase

31.Bacteria having flagella all over the body called as?

(A) Monotrichous (B) Peritrichous (C) Lophotrichus (D) Amphitrichus

32.All of the following characteristics are seen in the stool in the amoebic dysentery
except?

(A) Rbc in clump (B) Charcot leyden crystal (C) Pykonotic bodies (D) Ghost cell

33. Which enzyme help in the breakdown of food in the digestive system?

(A) Trypsin (B) Amylase (C) Lipase (D) All

34.How many chromosomes are present in the human body?

(A) 23 (B) 46 (C) 32 (D)64

35. Which of the following disease has been eradicated ?

(A) Small pox (B) Maleria (C) Leptospirosis (D) Japanese B encephalitis

36.As a laboratory technologist it is your job to provide?

(A) Timely report (B) Accurate report (C) Coourteous service (D) all of the above

37.Which of the following test used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from other
staphylococcus spp.?

(A) Coagulase (B) Catalase (C) Urease (D) Oxidase

38. which part of the light microsope converges the light beam so that it passed through
the specimen?

(A) Objective lens (B) Mechanical stage (C) Condenser (D) Iris diaphragm

39.Solidifying agent of a culture media is ?

(A) Peptone (B) Meat extract (C) Sodium chloride (D) Agar

40.Paraffin oil can be sterilized by using?

(A) Autoclave (B) Hot air oven (C) Vaccine (D) Pastuerization

41. Man is the intermediate host for ?

(A) Guina worm (B) Maleria (C) Filaria (D) Kala azar

42. In which condition would you expect a decrease in leukocyte Production ?

(A) Leukemia (B) Aplastic anemia (C) Infection (D) Inflamation

43.which of the following does NOT typically affect haematocrit value?

(A) Altitute (C) Red Blood cell shape

(B) Hydration status (D) Gender

44.In which situation would you expect a transient decrease in AEC?

(A) In the early stages of autoimmune disease

(B) During recovery from parasitic infection

(C) After exposure to allergens

(D) Following corticosteroid therapy

45.which of the following is a common symptom of thrombocytopenia ?

(A) Frequent nosebleeds (B) High bld pressure(C) Fatigue (D) Elevated cholesterol level

46.which of the following finding on a blood smear is associated with vitamin B12
defeciency?

(A) Spherocytes (B) Microcytic red blood cell (C) Hypersegmented neutrophils (D) Sickel cell

47.which cellular abnormality can be detected using supravital stain like new methylene
blue ?

(A) Reticulocyte (B) eosinophils (C) Sickle cells (D) Pletelete

48.what is the most common anatomical site for bone marrow aspiration in adults?

(A) Sternum (B) Illiac crest (C) Tibia (D) Femur

49.which condition is diagnosis by the presens of “Reed Stenberg” cells in a bone marrow
biopsy?

(A) thalassemia (B) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (C) Multiple myloma (D) Hodgkins
lymphoma

50.which of the following is NOT a contraindication for a bone marrow biopsy?

(A) Hemophilia (B) severe thrombocytopenia (C)infection at the biopsy D) Polycythemia vera

51. which phase of laboratory workflow is phlebotomy in?

(A) Analytical (B) Pre analytical (C) Post analytical (D) Follow up

52. Anticoagulant are also called as ?

(A) Blood thicker (B) Vasodilator (C) Blood thinner (D) All

53 A commonly used screening method for anti HIV 1 detection is ?

(A) Latex agglutination

(B) Radioimmunoassay
 (C) Thin layer chromatography
(D) ELISA

54. the optimum storage temperature for platelets is?

(A) -20C (B) -12C (C) -22C (D) 4C

55.What does a left shift in a diferentiatl leukocyte count refer to?

(A) An increase in immature neutrophils (B) A decrease in lymphocyte

(C) An increase in eosinophils (D) A increase in basophil

56.15.3 tumor marker is done for….?

(A) Colon cancer (B) Ovary canser (C) lungs cancer (D) Breast cancer

57.which component of coagulation is largest by anticoagulant therapy such as warfarin?

(A) Prothrombin (B) Fibrinogen (C) Platelets (D) Thromboplastin

58.Which of the followingis not a type of acid fast bacteria?

(A) Mycobacterium leprae

(B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

(C) Nocardia

(D) E.Colli

59.Acid fast staining is a type of?

(A) Special stain

(B) Defferenitial stain

(C) negative stain

(D) simple stain

60.what is the purpose of the decolorizing step in acid fast staining?

(A) To remove the primary stain from acid fast bacteria

(B) To remove the lipid content from acid fast bacteria

(C) To remove the counterstain from acid fast bacteria

(D) To remove the cell wall from acid fast bacteria

61.In the estimation of Hb in the colorimeter,the correct wavelength is?

(A) 310nm

(B) 520nm

(C) 540 nm

(D)600nm

62.Hemophilia A is the deficiency of?

(A) Factor V

(B) Factor VIII

(c) Factor IX

(D) Factor All

63. A disease characterized by progressive neoplastic proliferation of immature white cell

precursor?

(A) Acute leukemia (B) Chronic leukemia (C) Lymphoma (D) Multiple myloma

64.Target cell are seen in cases of ?

(A) Folic acid deficiency

(B) Iron deficiency anemia

(C) Vit,B12 defeciency

(D) Thalassemia

65.All Amino acid are branched chain except?

(A) Leusin (B) Isoleusin (C) Valine (D) Histidine

66.A Prolonged low rate of bleeding result in?

(A) Normochromic anemia

(B) Hypchromic anemia

(C) Hyperchromic anemia

(D) None of these

67.Young red blood cell with cytoplasm RNA ?

(A) Spherocyte (B) Reticulocye (C) Stomatocyte (D) Elipocyte

68. Pantameric antibody is a?

(A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgE (D) IgM

69.All of these are essential structure except?

(A) Nuclear body (B) Spore (C) Cell wall (D) Plasma membrane

70.Clostridium tetani is a?

(A) Atrichous bacteria

(B) Monotrichous Bacteria

(C) Amphitrichous bacteria

(D) Peritrichous bacteria

71.Robert kotch Is related?

(A).Father of bacteriology

(B)Solid media concept

(C).Isolation of bacteria pur culture

D) all

72.what is the sperm count of a person who has undergone vasectomy?

(A) 5 million sperm/ml

(B) 15 million sperm/ml

(C) 25 million sperm/ml

(D) Zero sperm /ml

73.Of the following which is the normal consistency of sputum?

(A) Purulent (B) Mucopurulent (C) Clear and watery (D) Seropurulent
74.which is the most prominent enzyme present in sliva ?

(A) Lipase (B) Amylase (C) Lactate dehydrogenase (D) Alkaline phasphatase

75.Polyuria, polydipsia,weight loss and hydperglycaemia are often associate with?

(A) Hyperadrenalism

(B) Hyperpituitarism

(C) Diabetes mellitus

(D) Hyperthyroidism

76.If A:B =11:7 and B:C=5:19, then what is A:B:C ?

(A) 55:35:133

(B)35:55:133

(C) 55:133:55

(D)55:133:35

77.2 man and 3 woman ek kam ko 96 days me pura kar sakte hai to 6 man and 7 woman usi kam ko
kitne dino me pura karegi?

(A) 18 (B) 27 (C) 20 (D) 24

78. A ka 20% = B ka 50% hai to A ka kitna % B hai ?

(A) 30% (B) 40% (C) 25% (D) 15%

79. 24:48::28:?

(A) 168 (B) 280 (C) 39 (D) 74

80.300 and 1000 ke bich ki kitni sankhyay 7 se Bibhajya hai?

(A) 994 (B) 301 (C) 101 (D)100

81.Hindi bhasha kis lipi me likhi jati hai ?

(A) Gurumukhi (B) Bramhi (C) Devnagri (D) Sourastri

82.Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank

If I …….. a doctor , I would have treated you all

(A) were (B) would (C) am (D) could

83. She does not go to office ……6 O’ clock ?

(A) TO (B) before (C) After (D) none

84.Synonym of “ Incessant”

(A) Temporary (B) Unending (C) Occasional (D) Intermittent

85. What is the “gobar gas”?

(A) Butane (B) Methane (C) Octane (D) propane

01D 2b 3b 4d 5c 6b 7d 8b 9A 10c 11c 12b 13b 14c 15d 16A 17c 18c 19b 20A 21c 22b 23c 24d
25b 26c 27d 28c 29d 30c 31b 32d 33d 34b 35a 36d 37a 38c 39d 40b 41b 42b 43b 44b 45a 46c
47A 48b 49d 50d 51b 52c 53d 54c 55a 56d 57a 58d 59b 60a 61c 62b 63b 64c 65d 66A 67b 68d

69b 70d 71d 72d 73c 74b 75c 76a 77a 78b 79a 80d 81c 82a 83b 84b 85b

MOCK TEST 2

01.what is the fasting blood sugar level above which a person is diagnosed as a diabetic?
(A) 110mg/dl

(B) 120mg/dl

© 126mg/dl (D) 80mg/dl

02. What does I stand for in NIDDM?

(A) Immediate (B) Insulin (C) Instantaneous (D) Independent

3.HbA1C indicate the blood sugar control over the past days?

(A) 30

(B) 60

(C) 120

(D) 200

q4. Urine urobilinogen is absent in?

(A) Impaired liver function

(B) Drug induced liver dysfunction

(C) Complete bile duct obstruction

(D) Rotor syndrome

Q5 what are the basic component of photometer?

1 Light source

2 filter

3 cuvette

4 all

Q6 which is the good cholesterol in the body ?

A.HDL B.VLDL C.LDL D.Triglycride

Q7 which antibody in milk secreton ?

A- IgG B. IgA c. IgM D.IgE

Q8 which of the following acid may be used for decalcification ?

 (A) 25% sulfuric acid (B) 5% nitric acid (C) 20% hcl (D) 30% orthophosphoric acid

Q9 Bouins fluid is yellow because of the presence of?

(A)Chloroform (B) picric acid (C) formaldehyde (D) Iodine

Q10 One of these is not a component of Drabkins solution?

(A)Sodium bicarbonet

(B)Potassium ferricyanide

(C)Potassium ferrocyanide

(D)Disttiled water

Q11 The minimum weight of blood donor should be?

(A)45kg (B)70kg (C) 50kg (D)110kg

Q12.The disease can not be transmitted through transfusion of blood is?

(A)HepatitisB (B)AIDS (C) Cancer (D) Malaria

Q13- 500ml whole blood contains plasma approximately?

(A)100 to 150ml

(B)200 to250ml

(C)300 to 350ml

(D) 350 to 400ml

Q14- Immunological reaction of blood transfusion include all except?

(A)Allergic

(B)Anaphylactic

(C) Leak agglutination

(D) Circulatory overload

Q15-All Coagulation factor are stable at low freezing point except?

(A)Factor V&VIII

(B)Factor IX&X
(C) Factor IV & V

(D) Factor II

16. The normal Platelet count in adult is?

(A) 100,000 to 300,000mm3

(B) 150,000 to 250,000mm3

(C) 150,000 to 450,000mm3

(D) 200,000 to 300,000mm3

Q17- which of the following is better indicator of need for transfusion ?

(A)Urine output

(B)Hematocrit

(C)Colour of skin

(D)Clinical examination

Q18- Massive blood transfusion is defind as?

(A)Whole blood volume in 24 hour

(B)Half blood volume in 24 hour

(C)40% blood volume in 24 hour

(D)60% blood volume in 24 hour

Q19- Before 24 hour which type of donor avoide for donation?

(A)Person who drunk alcohol

(B)Dental extraction patient

(C) Mentrual bleed woman

(D) all of the above

Q20- Rh antigen present on?

(A)Chromosome19 (B) Chromosome9 (C) Chromosome 1 (D) Chromosome 8

Q21- which one is the largest particulate of the cytoplasm?

(A)Lysoomes (B) Mitochondria (C) Galgi appraratus (D) EPR

Q22- Alpha- D- glucose and beta-D- glucose are? Q25-Neutrophilia is afeature of all of the

(A)Starioisomer following disorder except?

(B)Epimers (A) Acute pyogenic infection

(C)Anomesr (B) Tissue damage

(D)Keto-aldo-pair (C) Corticosteroid therapy

Q23- Synovial fluid contain? (D) Parasitic infection

(A)Heparin Q26-All of the following condition lead to

(B)Keratin sulphate prolonged bleeding time except?

(C)Hyoluronic acid (A) Thrombocytopenia

(D) Inulin (B) Von willebrand disease

Q24- ESR is high in all of the condition except? (C) Hemophilia A

(A)Multiple myloma (D) DIC

(B)Collagen disease Q27- Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis is

(C)Hypofibrinogemia caused by:

(D)Active tuberclosis (A) E.Colli

Q28- The following are zoonotic disease except? (B) Pneumococci

(A)Leishmaniasis (C) Neisseria meningitis

(B)Balantidium (D) MTB

(C)Scabies Q34- Where is the site of protein

(D)Taeniasis synthesis:

Q29- Two host are required in : (A)Ribosomes

(A)Taenia solium (B)Mitochondria

(B)Entamoeba hisolytica C)Centriols

(C) Trichuris trichura (D)Lysosomes

(D) Giardia lamblia Q35- Function of centeriols include:

Q30- Protozoa belong to kingdom: (A) Mitosis

(A)Monera (B)cell membran

(B)Protista (C) movement of cytoplasmic vesicls

(C)Plantae (D)All

(D)Animalia Q36- Negative staining I used to

Q31- Man is the intermediate host for: demonstrate:

(A)Strongyloides (A)Bacterial spore

(B)Plasmodium Vivax (B) Bacterial Flagilla

(C)Entamoeba histolytica (C) Bacterial capsule

(D) Enterobius vermicularis (D) Bacterial fimbri

Q32- All of the following protozoans are found in Q37-which of the following statement is

smoll intestine except: true in the case of endotoxins:

(A)Giardia lamblia (A) Heat Stable

(B)Balantidium coli (B) Highly antigenic

(C)Cyclospora (C) Protien in nature

(D)Isospora belli (D) Action is often enzymatic

Q33-All of the following protozoans can be transmitted Q38- Which is false regarding gram

by sexual contact except: negative cocci:

(A)Trichomonas vaginalis (A) Staph.saprophyticus UTI in female

(B)Entamoeba histolytica (B) Micrococci are oxidase positive

(C)Enterobius vermicularis (C) Most enterococci are sensitive to

(D)Giardia lamblia penicillin (D) All of the above

Q39- The fundamental for the germ theory of disease (A) 52% Protien,40% lipid and 8%

was et down by: carbohydrate

(A)Robert kotch (B) 40% protein,52%lipid and 8%

(B)Ronald ross carbohydrate

(C)Luice pasture (C) 52% carbohydrate,40%lipid and 8%

(D)Walter reed protien

Q40- Media containing spore and thermolabile constituents (D) None of thes

are sterilized by: Q44-Minimum Hemoglobin value

(A)Pasteurization required to accept an adult as a blood

(B)UV Radiation donor is:

(C) Dry heat (A) 12gm/dl

(D)Tyndalization (B) 12.5gm/dl

Q41-Milk is pasteurized in batch method by (C) 13gm/dl

Keeping it at: (D) 11.5gm/dl

(A)63C for 30 minuts Q45-Half life of hydroxyl ethyl starch

(B)72C for60 second (HES):

(C) 73C for 30 Minuts (A) 6 hrs

(D)72C for 6 minuts (B) 12 hrs

Q42- Low fixed urine specific gravity at 1010 is (C) 24 hrs

a feature of: (D) 48 hrs

(A)Acute glomerulonephritis Q46- Source of Erythropoetin:

(B)Diabetes insipidus (A) Renal interstitial fibroblast

(C) Chronic renal failure (B) Renal tubular epithelial cells

(D) Nephrotic syndrome (C) Peri sinusoidal cells in liver

Q43.Biochemical Composition of Rbc membrane is (D) All of the above

Q47- ………substance is present in hydatid cyst fluid: Q52- Name commonly used staining

(A)Sulpher in cytology:
(B) Iron (A) AFB (C) PAP

(C) Potassium (B) H&E (D) Neg.stain

(D) Chlorine Q53- The following are used to

Q48.Transplant of porcine heart valv to a man an example of detect bacterial motility except:

an example of: (A) Streak culture (C) Maniitol

(A)Syngenic transplant (B) Hanging drop (D) Craigos tube

(B) Xenogenic Transplant Q54- Crystal are seen in amoebic

(C) Allogenic transplant dysentery stool:

(D) Autologous transplant (A) Calcium oxalate

Q49- Granulocyte component to be transfused within (B) Charkot leyden

……….. hrs after collection: (C) Triple phasphate

(A)8 hrs (D) Iron crystal

(B) 6 hrs Q55-Cob web clot of csf indicate:

(C) 48 hrs (A) Cryptococcus meningitis

(D) 24 hrs (B) Encephalitic

Q50- Anticoagulant commonly used in apheresis (C) Poliomylitis

procedure: (D) Tuberclosis

(A)CPD Q56- which is come unser RFT:

(B) ACD (A) Creatinine (B) Bilirubin

(C)CPDA (C) SGPT (D) Cholesterole

(D) EDTA Q57- Bacteria having chinese letter

Q51.WBC having blue black granules: pattern arrangement:

(A) Neutrophil (C) Lymphocyte (A) clostridium (B) Sprocheat

(B) Eosinophil (D) Basophil (C)Actinomycete (D)Cornibacterium

Q58- Leukocyte present in normal csf:

(A)Eosinophil (B) Lymphocyte

(C) Monocyte (D) Basophil

Q59- Name the test associated with the

Kirby-bouer method:

(A)VDRL (B) WIDAL

(C) AST (D) RPR

Q60- Blue pus producing bacteria:

(A)Haemophilus (B) Neisseria

(C) E.colli (D) Pseudomonas

Q61- 6:12:: 4:?

(A)12

(B)24

(C)34

(D)20

Q62 पुरुष दिबस कब मनाया जाता है

1.19 नवंबर

2.28 दिसंबर

3.12 जनवरी

4. 10 जुलाई
01a, 02b , 3c 4c 5d 6a 7b 8b 9b 10d 11c 12c 13b 14d 15a 16c 17b 18a 19a 20c 21b 22a 23c
24c 25d 26c 27c 28c 29a 30b 31b 32b 33c 34a 35d 36c 37a 38c 39c 40b 41a 42c 43a 44b 45c
46d 47c 48b 49d 50b 51d 52c 53… 54b 55d 56a 57d 58b 59c 60d 61a 62.1