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IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU
DATED THIS THE 7TH DAY OF SEPTEMBER, 2023
BEFORE
THE HON'BLE MR JUSTICE SHIVASHANKAR AMARANNAVAR
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 276 OF 2023
BETWEEN:
SMT. MANGALA GOWRI,
W/O. JAGNATH,
AGED ABOUT 37 YEARS,
R/AT NO. 16/11,
MAHALAKSHMI LAYOUT,
SRIKANTESWARA NAGARA,
BENGALURU - 560 096.
…APPELLANT
(BY SRI. SIDDHARTH. B. MUCHANDI, ADVOCATE)
Digitally signed by AND:
LAKSHMINARAYANA
MURTHY RAJASHRI
Location: HIGH
COURT OF STATE OF KARNATAKA,
KARNATAKA
BY BANNERUGATTA P. S.,
REPRESENTED BY S. P. P.,
HIGH COURT BUILDING,
BENGALURU -560 001.
…RESPONDENT
(BY SRI. RANGASWAMY. R., HCGP)
THIS CRL.A IS FILED U/S 374(2) OF CR.PC PRAYING TO
SET ASIDE THE JUDGMENT OF CONVICTION DATED
31.01.2023 PASSED BY THE III ADDITIONAL DISTRICT AND
SESSIONS JUDGE, BENGALURU RURAL DISTRICT, SIT AT
ANEKAL IN S.C.NO.5050/2020, CONVICTING THE
APPELLANT/ACCUSED FOR THE OFFENCE P/U/S 306 OF IPC.
THIS APPEAL, COMING ON FOR DICTATING JUDGMENT,
THIS DAY, THE COURT DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:
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JUDGMENT
This appeal is filed against the judgment of
conviction and order of sentence dated 31.01.2023 passed
in S.C No. 5050/2020 by the III Additional District and
Sessions Judge, Bangalore Rural District, Bangalore sit at
Anekal, convicting the appellant/accused for the offence
under Section 306 of Indian Penal Code sentencing to
undergo with rigorous imprisonment for a period of 7
years and to pay fine amount of Rs.50,000/- in default to
undergo with simple imprisonment for a period of 06
months.
2. The factual matrix of this case is that, the
deceased Raju was elder son of the complainant and he
married Kavita in the year 2010 and they have got one
child namely Puneeth. The deceased and his wife are in
cordial relationship. The deceased had friendship with the
appellant/accused. The appellant/accused was torturing
him as she has given loan to the deceased and she was
threatening him. That on 21.04.2019 deceased Raju and
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his wife Kavita went to Mysuru for a function, after
function the Kavita with her child stayed at Mysuru
and the deceased Raju came back to the Bangalore. That
on 25.04.2019 the appellant/accused and her daughter
came to the house of the deceased Raju and on that day
deceased Raju committed suicide by hanging with a piece
of saree. The appellant/accused called the brother of the
deceased Raju namely Laxminarayana over phone and
informed that Raju committed suicide by hanging. The said
Laxminarayana informed to the Manjunath and Sagar and
they also came to the house of the deceased Raju.
The appellant/accused and her daughter Sapandana have
untied the body from the hanging and blood was oozing
from his mouth. Sagar shifted the Raju to
Astra Super Speciality Hospital, the appellant/accused and
her daughter accompanied them. Raju was treated in
the Hospital till he died on 10.05.2019 at about 3.50p.m.
In the complaint it is stated that Raju was
intelligent, he was got properties and he was not a
person to commit suicide. The appellant/accused caused
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torture to Raju and therefore, he committed suicide. On
the basis of the compliant the case came to be registered
in crime No.69/2019 in the Bannerghatta Police Station for
the offence punishable under Section 306 of Indian Penal
Code. After investigation, charge sheet came to be filed
and case committed to the Sessions Court. The Sessions
Court filed charge against the appellant/accused for the
offence under Section 306 of the Indian Penal Code. The
prosecution in order to prove the charge examined 11
witnesses as PW-1 to PW-11 and got marked documents
as EX.P1 to EX.P11. The statement of the
appellant/accused was recorded under Section 313 of
Cr.P.C. After hearing the arguments on both sides the
Trial Court formulated points for consideration and
convicted the appellant/accused for the offence under
Section 306 of the Indian Penal Code. The said judgment
of conviction and order of sentence has been challenged
by the appellant/accused in this appeal.
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3. Heard the arguments of learned counsel for the
appellant and the learned High Court Government Pleader
for respondent-State.
4. Learned counsel for the appellant argued that
the evidence on record is not sufficient to attract
ingredients of abetment as defined under Section 107 of
the Indian Penal Code and ingredients of Section 306 of
the Indian Penal Code. There are material contradictions in
the evidence of the prosecution with regard to amount
barrowed by the deceased from the appellant/accused. He
argued that mere demand of repayment of the money
borrowed will not amount to abetment to commit suicide.
The witnesses examined by the prosecution have not
stated any harassment by the appellant/accused to the
deceased. The ligature material used by the deceased
Raju to hang him has not been seized, since it is stated
that it was burnt. The deceased was in Hospital for nearly
15 days and during that time the relatives of the deceased
have not filed any complaint of any harassment by the
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appellant/accused to the deceased Raju and there is delay
in filing the complaint. PW-4 who stated the
appellant/accused brought rowdies to the house of the
deceased and made galata has not been stated the day
and date of the same. PW-5, 6 and 8 who are Panchas to
the inquest Mahazar, who have been given statements
before the P.S.I who conducted the inquest and they have
not supported the case of the prosecution. The pancha to
Spot Mahazar-Ex.P4 namely PW-7 has also not supported
to the case of the prosecution. There is no any allegation
against the appellant/accused having any illicit relationship
with the deceased Raju. Witnesses are examined by the
prosecution have stated that this deceased having good
relationship with the appellant/accused.
5. He further argued that mere appellant/accused
telling to the deceased Raju to go and die does not
amounts to abetments, since, there is no mens rea or
intention on the part of the accused to drive the deceased
Raju to commit suicide. There is no mens rea on the part
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of the appellant/accused to drive the deceased to commit
suicide. The appellant/accused only has asked for the
deceased to repay the amount barrowed. The deceased
was doing lorry business by borrowing money from the
different persons and his lorry business was under loss
and therefore, he might have committed suicide. There is
no instigation by this appellant/accused to deceased to
commit the suicide. The persuasion for repayment of
borrowed money does not amount to abet to commit
suicide. The prosecution has failed to establish the
ingredients of abetment and therefore, there is no
necessity for this appellant/accused to explain the
circumstances under Section 106 of the Evidence Act. On
the above contention, the learned counsel for the
appellant has relied upon the following decisions:
1) Sanju v. State of M.P (2002) 5 SCC 371
2) Chitresh Kumar Chopra v. State(Government of NCT of
Delhi) (2009)16 SCC 605
3) Ude Singh and Others v. State of Haryana (2019) 17
SCC 301
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4) State of WB v. Indrajit Kandu and Others (2019)10 SCC
188
5) Amalendu Pal Alias Jhantu v. State of WB (2010)1 SCC
707
6) Shabbir Hussain v. State of MP and Others (2021) SCC
Online SC 743
7) M. Mohan v. State (2011) 3 SCC 626
8) Jorubhai Amrubhai Varu v. State of Gujarat (2020) SCC
Online Guj 1189
9) Nagendra Shah v. State of Bihar (2021)10 SCC 725
6. The learned High Court Government Pleader
argued that the trial Court on proper appreciation of
evidence on the record, Court has rightly convicted the
appellant/accused. He has supported the reasons
assigned by the trial Court. He has further argued that
the evidence of PW-1 to 4 is sufficient to convict the
appellant/accused for the offence levelled against him.
The appellant/accused was present in the house of the
deceased on the date of incident and there is no
explanation by the appellant/accused regarding the same.
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The appellant/accused continuously demanded the
deceased to repay the money which drew the deceased to
commit the suicide. On these grounds he sought for
dismissal of the appeal.
7. On the grounds made out and considering the
arguments advanced, the following point arises for my
consideration:
1) Whether the Trial Court erred in
convicting the appellant/accused for
the offence under Section 306 of I.P.C?
8. My answer to the above point is in affirmative
for the following
REASONS
9. The deceased Raju hanged himself with the
piece of a saree in his house on 25.04.2019 and he was
taken to the Hospital and treated for 15 days and he died
on 10.05.2019. The doctor who conducted the post
mortem examination of the deceased Raju has opined
that cause of death is due to "Cerebral Anoxia Consequent
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upon to attempted hanging". The said aspect itself
establish that the death of the deceased is suicide as per
EX.P7 Post Mortem Report.
10. The deceased Raju was taken to Hospital on
25.04.2019 and he died on 10.05.2019. The complaint as
per EX.P10 came to be filed on 10.05.2019. The father of
the deceased Raju has filed the said complaint. The father
of the deceased has died and therefore, prosecution has
not examined him. PW-1 is the elder brother of the
deceased, PW-2 is the wife of the deceased, PW-3 is the
younger brother of the deceased and PW-4 is the cousin
brother of the deceased. The statements of PW-5 as per
EX.P1, PW-6 as per Ex.P3 and PW-8 as per Ex.P6 recorded
by the investigation officer at the time of the inquest. PW-
5, 6 and 8 did not supported the case of the prosecution
with regard to the harassment by the appellant/accused to
the deceased Raju insisting him to repay the amount
borrowed and giving him life threat.
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11. PW-1 is the elder brother of the deceased Raju
and he has deposed that on 25.04.2019 the
appellant/accused was found in the galata between her
and deceased Raju and he committed suicide. He went to
the house and shifted Raju to the Hospital. He has
deposed that the appellant/accused was harassing the
deceased Raju regarding repayment of the money
borrowed by her.
12. PW-2 is the wife of the deceased and she has
deposed that her husband Raju introduced the
appellant/accused as his friend. She used to come to her
house in her absence. She has given Rs.10,00,000/-
(rupees Ten Lakhs) loan to the deceased Raju. The
deceased Raju told her that they both have to die as the
appellant/accused is harassing him and she used to pacify
him. She has deposed that the appellant/accused told her
husband to repay the money or to leave his wife. In the
cross examination she has denied that in her absence the
appellant/accused used to come to her house.
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13. PW-3 is the younger brother of the deceased
and he has deposed that the deceased was acquainted
with the appellant/accused. The deceased use to go to the
house of the appellant/accused and the appellant/accused
use to come to the house of the deceased Raju. On
25.04.2019 on receiving message regarding Raju
committed suicide by hanging, he went and saw, at that
time the appellant/accused was in his house and blood
was oozing from the mouth of the deceased Raju and he
has taken the deceased Raju to the Hospital. He has
stated that he came to know that the appellant/accused
used to harass deceased Raju asking him to repay the
money borrowed from her.
14. PW-4 is the cousin brother of the deceased Raju
and he deposed that on receiving the phone call on
25.04.2019 and he went to the house of the deceased at
that time the appellant/accused and her daughter were
there and he has taken the deceased Raju to the Hospital.
He has further deposed that the appellant/accused had
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given Rs.20,00,000/-loan and she was harassing the
deceased and one day before she brought some rowdies
and made galata and same was informed to him by
deceased Raju.
15. On the basis of the above evidence, what can to
be gathered is that the deceased Raju had borrowed
money from the appellant/accused and the
appellant/accused demanded the repayment of the money
borrowed by the deceased and used to harass him.
Whether the said aspect of insisting the deceased to repay
the loan borrowed and asking him to die amounts to
abetment to commit suicide or not.
16. Abetment is defined under Section 107 of the
Indian Penal Code which reads as under:
"107. Abetment of a thing.- A person is
said abet the doing of a thing who
First - Instigates any person to do that
thing; or
Secondly - Engages with one or more other
person or persons in any conspiracy for the
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doing of that thing, if an act or illegal
omission takes place in pursuance of that
conspiracy, and in order to the doing of that
thing; or
Thirdly - Intentionally aids, by any act or
illegal omission, the doing of that thing."
As per the aforesaid definition there should be
instigation to do that thing and then it amounts to
abetment. A person is said to have instigate another to an
act when he actively suggests or stimulates him to act by
means of language, direct or indirect, whether it takes the
form of express solicitation, or of hints, insinuation or
encouragement.
17. The learned counsel for the appellant has
placed reliance on the decision of the Hon'ble Apex Court
in the case of Sanju alias Sanjay Singh Sengar Vs Sate
of M.P (2002) 5 SCC 371 wherein it is held as under:
"..............Even if we accept the
prosecution story that the appellant did tell
the deceased "to go and die", that itself
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does not constitute the ingredient of
"instigation". The word "instigate" denotes
incitement or urging to do some drastic or
inadvisable action or to stimulate or incite.
Presence of mens rea, therefore, is the
necessary concomitant of instigation. It is
common knowledge that the words uttered
in a quarrel or on the spur of the moment
cannot be taken to be uttered with mens
rea. It is in a fit of anger and emotion………."
18. The learned counsel for the appellant has
placed reliance of the Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of
Chitresh Kumar Chopra Vs Sate (Government of NCT
of Delhi) (2009) 16 SCC 605 wherein it is observed as
under:
"17. Thus to constitute "instigation", a
person who instigates another has to
provoke, incite, urge or encourage the
doing of an act by the other by "goading" or
"urging forward". The dictionary meaning of
the word "goad" is "a thing that stimulates
someone into action; provoke to action or
reaction" (see Concise Oxford English
Dictionary); "to keep irritating or annoying
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somebody until he reacts" (see Oxford
Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 7th Edn.).
18. Similarly, "urge" means to advise or
try hard to persuade somebody to do
something or to make a person to move
more quickly and or in a particular
direction, especially by pushing or forcing
such person. Therefore, a person who
instigates another has to "goad" or "urge
forward" the latter with intention to
provoke, incite or encourage the doing of
an act by the latter.
19. As observed in Ramesh Kumar,
where the accused by his acts or by a
continued course of conduct creates such
circumstances that the deceased was left
with no other option except to commit
suicide, and "instigation" may be inferred.
In other words, in order to prove that the
accused abetted commission of suicide by a
person, it has to be established that:
(i) the accused kept on irritating or
annoying the deceased by words,
deeds or wilful omission or conduct
which may even be a wilful silence
until the deceased reacted or
pushed or forced the deceased by
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his deeds, words or wilful omission
or conduct to make the deceased
move forward more quickly in a
forward direction; and
(ii) that the accused had the intention
to provoke, urge or encourage the
deceased to commit suicide while
acting in the manner noted above.
Undoubtedly, presence of mens
rea is the necessary concomitant
of instigation.
20. In the background of this legal
position, we may advert to the case at
hand. The question as to what is the cause
of a suicide has no easy answers because
suicidal ideation and behaviours in human
beings are complex and multifaceted.
Different individuals in the same situation
react and behave differently because of the
personal meaning they add to each event,
thus accounting for individual vulnerability
to suicide. Each individual's suicidability
pattern depends on is inner subjective
experience of mental pain, fear and loss of
self-respect. Each of these factors are
crucial and exacerbating contributor to an
individual's vulnerability to end his own life,
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which may either be an attempt for self-
protection or an escapism from intolerable
self."
19. The appellant/accused insisted the deceased
Raju to repay the money borrowed by him. There was no
intention on the part of the appellant/accused to drive the
deceased to commit suicide. The appellant/accused was
interested in getting back the money lent to the deceased.
In the case of suicide, mere allegation of harassment of
the deceased by another person would not suffice unless
there be such an action on the part of the accused which
compels the person to commit suicide; and such an
offending action ought to be proximate to the time of
occurrence. Whether a person as abetted in the
commission of suicide by another or not, only be gathered
from the facts and circumstances of each case.
20. How a human mind reacts has been observed
by the Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of Ude Singh and
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Other Vs State of Haryana (2019) 17 SCC 301
wherein it is observed as under:
"16.2. We may also observe that human
mind could be affected and could react in
myriad ways; and impact of one's action on
the mind of another carries several
imponderables. Similar actions are dealt
with differently by different persons; and so
far a particular person's reaction to any
other human's action is concerned, there is
no specific theorem or yardstick to estimate
or assess the same. Even in regard to the
factors related with the question of
harassment of a girl, many factors are to be
considered like age, personality,
upbringing, rural or urban set-ups,
education, etc. Even the response to the ill
action of eve teasing and its impact on a
young girl could also vary for a variety of
factors, including those of background, self-
confidence and upbringing. Hence, each
case is required to be dealt with on its own
facts and circumstance"
21. The person may attempt to commit suicide due
to various reasons such as depression, financial difficulties,
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disappointment in love, tired of domestic worries, acture
or chronic ailments and so on and need not be due to
abetment. The same has been observed by the Hon'ble
Apex Court in the case of Mangat Ram Vs State of
Haryana reported in AIR 2014 SC 178.
22. PW-1 the brother of the deceased Raju in his
cross examination has stated that the deceased had
purchased the lorry by taking loan and he has sustained
loss in his lorry business. The very said admission given by
PW-1 itself show that the deceased has barrowed money
for purchase of lorry and he has sustained loss in the said
lorry business. That may be one or the reason for the
deceased to commit suicide.
23. The Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of the
M.Mohan Vs State (2011) 3 SCC 626 wherein it is
observed as under:
"44. Abetment involves a mental process
of instigating a person or intentionally
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aiding a person in doing a thing. Without a
positive act on the part of the accused to
instigate or aid in committing suicide,
conviction cannot be sustained.
45. The intention of the legislature and the
ratio of the cases decided by this Court are
clear that in order to convict a person under
Section 306 IPC there has to be a clear
mens rea to commit the offence. It also
requires an active act or direct act which
led the deceased to commit suicide seeing
no option and this act must have been
intended to push the deceased into such a
position that he/she committed suicide."
24. The appellant/accused has lent money to the
deceased Raju. She was interested in getting back the
said money. She had no intention of taking the life of the
deceased Raju. Therefore, there is no clear mens rea on
the part of the appellant/accused to abet the deceased to
commit suicide. The Hon'ble Apex Court in the said
decision also observed that "Human sensitivity of each
individual differs from person to person. Each individual
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has his own idea of self-esteem and self-respect. Different
people behave differently in the same situation"
25. In the similar situation that the deceased
committed suicide as the accused insisted the deceased to
repay the loan amount, the Hon'ble Apex Court in the case
of M.Arjuna Vs State reported in AIR 2019 SC 43 has
observed reads as under:
"8. The essential ingredients of the offence
under Section 306 I.P.C. are: (i) the
abetment; (ii) the intention of the accused
to aid or instigate or abet the deceased to
commit suicide. The act of the accused,
however, insulting the deceased by using
abusive language will not, by itself,
constitute the abetment of suicide. There
should be evidence capable of suggesting
that the accused intended by such act to
instigate the deceased to commit suicide.
Unless the ingredients of
instigation/abetment to commit suicide are
satisfied, accused cannot be convicted
under section 306 I.P.C."
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26. In the said case the deceased had left a suicide
note stating that he is unable to repay the loan and taking
the extreme steps.
27. Having advanced money to the deceased the
appellant/accused have uttered some abuse words and
threatened him to take his life; but that by itself is not
sufficient to constitute the offence under Section 306 of
I.P.C. From the evidence brought on record and in facts
and circumstances of the case, the ingredients of 306 of
I.P.C is not established. The trial Court placed much
reliance on the evidence wherein accused was present in
the house of the deceased Raju along with her daughter
and deceased committed suicide. There is no evidence on
record to show that at what time the appellant/accused
has came to the house of the deceased. The trial Court
has held that what happened on that day in the house of
the deceased was within the knowledge of the
appellant/accused and burden of proving of that fact is
upon the appellant/accused placing reliance on provision
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contained under Section 106 of the Evidence Act.
Considering said provision under Section 106 of the
Evidence Act the Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of
Nagendra Sah Vs State of Bihar (2021) 10 SCC 725
wherein it is observed as under:
"22. Thus, Section 106 of the Evidence Act
will apply to those cases where the
prosecution has succeeded in establishing
the facts from which a reasonable
inference can be drawn regarding the
existence of certain other facts which are
within the special knowledge of the
accused. When the accused fails to offer
proper explanation about the existence of
said other facts, the court can always
draw an appropriate inference.
23. When a case is resting on
circumstantial evidence, if the accused
fails to offer a reasonable explanation in
discharge of burden placed on him by
virtue of Section 106 of the Evidence Act,
such a failure may provide an additional
link to the chain of circumstances. In a
case governed by circumstantial evidence,
if the chain of circumstances which is
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required to be established by the
prosecution is not established, the failure
of the accused to discharge the burden
under Section 106 of the Evidence Act is
not relevant at all. When the chain is not
complete, falsity of the defence is no
ground to convict the accused."
28. The circumstances established by the
prosecution do not lead to only possible inference
regarding the guilt of the appellant/accused. Therefore,
the Trial Court was not right in placing burden on the
appellant/accused under Section 106 of the Evidence Act,
as the prosecution has not established its burden as
required under Section 101 of the Evidence Act.
29. The Gujarat High Court in the similar set of
facts has quashed the proceedings for the offence under
Section 306, 384, 385, 387 of Indian Penal Code and
Section 40 of the Gujurath Money Lenders Act, in the case
of the Jorubhai Amrubhai Varu Vs State of Gujarat
2020 SCC Online Guj 1189 wherein it is observed as
under:
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"11. Admittedly, the allegation in FIR is of
deceased having borrowed money from the
present applicant. The deceased failed to
repay the amount with interest. The
applicant was constantly demanding the
money and alleged to have threatened the
deceased. Such act of demanding the
repayment of money would not bring case
within the meaning of section 306 of the
Indian Penal Code. There would not be any
mens rea of the applicant as he would not
benefited from the act of suicide of the
deceased and thus, prima facie the
allegation in the FIR, taken at its face value
do not prima facie constitute any offence or
make out a case against the accused."
30. On the consideration of the evidence on record,
there is no evidence to show that the appellant/accused
had intention to drive out the deceased Raju to commit
suicide. Looking from any angle the act of the
appellant/accused harassing the deceased for repayment
of money borrowed and threatening him to take his life
does not amounts to abetment. Therefore learned
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Sessions Judge has committed an error in holding that the
act of the appellant/accused amounts to abetment to the
deceased Raju to commit suicide. In the result the
following:
ORDER
i) Appeal is Allowed.
ii) The judgment of conviction and order of
sentence passed in S.C No.5050/2020
dated 31.03.2023 by the III Additional
District and Sessions Judge, Bangalore
Rural District, Bangalore sitting at Anekal
convicting for the offence punishable
under Section 306 of Indian Penal Code
is set aside.
iii) Consequently, the appellant/accused
stands acquitted for the offence under
Section 306 of the Indian Penal Code.
Fine if any, paid by the appellant/accused
is ordered to be refunded to her.
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iv) In view of the disposal of appeal pending
IA's does not survive for consideration.
Sd/-
JUDGE
DSP
List No.: 1 Sl No.: 13
CT: AVB