Making of Constitution
(lafo/kku dk fuekZ.k)
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
Independence of India
(15 August 1947)
Before (igys) After (ckn esa)
389 299
296 93 229 70
British India Princely States Indian Province Princely states
(fczfV”k Hkkjr) (ns”kh fj;klrs ) (Hkkjrh; jkT; ) (ns”kh fj;klrs )
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
Other function and facts of assembly
(lafo/kku lHkk ds vU; dk;Z)
Assembly also worked as legislative body. In other
words, assembly was working as parliament beside
making of constitutional enacting ordinary law for
country. / lafo/kku lHkk lafo/kku cukus ds lkFk&lkFk dkuwu cukus dk dke Hkh
djrh FkhA tks fd vkt laln ds }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
Constituent Assembly
(lfoa/kku lHkk)
To make Constitution To make law
(lafo/kku Ckukuk) (dkuwu Ckukuk)
President – Rajendera Prashad President – G.V. Mavlankar
(v/;{k& jktsUnz izlkn) (v/;{k & th- oh- ekoyadj)
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
It adopted the national anthem and national song on
January 24, 1950. It also elected Rajendra Prasad as
first president on same date / lafo/kku lHkk us 24 tuojh 1950 dks
jk’Vªh; xkuk ,oa jk’Vªh; xhr dks viuk;k vkSj blh fnu MkW0 jktsUnz izlkn dks Hkkjr ds
igys jk’Vªifr ds :Ik esa pquk x;kA
The Constitution was adopted on November 26, 1949.
It contained a Preamble, 395 Article and 8 Schedules.
/ 26 uoEcj] 1949 dks viuk;s x, lafo/kku esa izLrkouk] 395 vuqPNsn vkSj 8
vuqlwfp;ka FkhA
The Constitution of India came in force on 26
January 1950. / Hkkjr dk lafo/kku 26 tuojh] 1950 dks ykxw gqvkA
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
Dr.B R Ambedkar, then the law minister drafted
Indian Constitution. He is recognised as the "father of
the Constitution of India" and also known as modern
“Manu." / Hkkjr ds lafo/kku ds fuekZ.k esa MkW0 ch0 vkj0 vEcsMdj dk cgqr gh
egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gSA blfy, mUgsa ^Hkkjr ds lafo/kku dk ds firk* ds :Ik esa igpkuk
tkrk gSA mUgsa ge ^vk/kqfud euq* ds uke ls Hkh tkurs gSA
It is lengthiest written Constitution unlike the
unwritten Constitution of Britain. / ;g fczVsu ds vfyf[kr
lafo/kku ds foijhr lcls yack fyf[kr lafo/kku gSA
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
It is drawn from various sources like- / ;g fofHkUu L=ksrksa ls
rS;kj fd;k x;k gS
Parliamentary system, Rule of law, Single
Citizenship from Britain.
lalnh; iz.kkyh]dkuwu dk “kklu] ,dy ukxfjdrk &fczVsu ls
Fundamental rights, Judicial review, Impeachment
of President from USA / ekSfydvf/kdkj] U;kf;d leh{kk] jk’Vªifr dk
egkfHk;ksx& la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ls
Federation with strong center from Canada
etcwr dsanz ds lkFk la?k& dukMk ls
Emergency from Weimer Constitution of Germany
vkikrdky & teZuh ds ohej lafo/kku ls
Fundamental duties from USSR(now Russia)
ekSfyd dÙkZO; & ;w-,l-,l-vkj ¼vc :l½
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
In 1950 when Constitution was came in force, it have
395 Articles, grouped in 22 parts and 8 schedules but
now it have 448 articles grouped in 25 parts and 12
Schedules./ 1950 esa lafo/kku ykxw gqvk FkkA blesa 225 vuqPNsnksa dks 22 Hkkxksa
vkSj 8 vuqlwfp;ksa esa oxhZd`r fd;k x;k Fkk] ysfdu vc blesa 448 vuqPNsn] 25 Hkkxksa
vkSj 12 vuqlwfp;ka gSA
26 Jan 1950
• Constitution of India came into force.
Hkkjr dk lafoèkku ykxw gqvkA
• It was on this day in 1930 that Poorna Swaraj day
was celebrated.
1930 esa blh fnu iw.kZ Lojkt fnol euk;k x;k FkkA
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
Other important facts / vU; egRoiw.kZ rF;
• The original Constitution of India was handwritten by
Prem Behari Narain Raizada.
Hkkjr ds ewy lafoèkku dks izse fcgkjh uk;kjk.k jk;”kknk us fy[kk FkkA
• The original Constitution is handwritten, with each page
uniquely decorated by artists from Shantiniketan including
Beohar Rammanohar Sinha and Nandalal Bose.
ewy lafoèkku gLrfyf[kr gS] ftlds izR;sd i`"B dks 'kkafrfudsru ds dykdkjksa }kjk] R;kSgkj
jkeeuksgj flagk vkSj uanyky cksl lfgr] fof'k"V :i ls ltk;k x;k gSA
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
• The Calligraphy of the Hindi version of the original
Constitution was done by Vasant Krishan Vaidya.
ewy lafoèkku ds fganh laLdj.k dk lqys[ku olar Ñ".k oSèk }kjk fd;k x;k FkkA
• Total time – 2 years, 11 months and 18 days.
dqy le; & 2 o"kZ] 11 eghus 18 fnu
• Total expenditure approx.Rs.64 lakh (63,96,729)
dqy [kpZ & yxHkx 64 yk[k #i,
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
Preamble/izLrkouk
“We THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to
constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR
DEMORCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, Social, Economic and Political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote
among them all;
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the
unity and integrity of the Nation;
IN OUR CONSITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of
November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO
OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION”.
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
Preamble/izLrkouk
“ge Hkkjr ds yksx] Hkkjr dks ,d laiw.kZ izHkqRo laiUu lektoknh] /keZfujis{k]
yksdrkaf=d x.kjkT; cukus ds fy, vkSj blds leLr ukxfjdksa dks
Lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd U;k;]
fopkj] vfHkO;fDRk] /keZ] fo”okl o mikluk dh Lora=rk]
izfr’Bk vkSj volj dh lerk izkIr djkus ds fy, rFkk
O;fDr dh xfjek vkSj jk’Vª dh ,drk rFkk v[kaMrk lqfuf”pr djus okyk] ca/kqRo c<kus
ds fy, n`< ladfYir gksdj
viuh bl lafo/kku lHkk esa vkt fnukad 26 uoacj] 1949 dks ,rn~ }kjk bl lafo/kku dks
vaxhd`r] vf/kfu;fer vkSj vkRekfiZr djus gSA”
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
Preamble/izLrkouk
• The American Constitution was the first to begin
with a Preamble. Many countries including India
followed this practice. The term Preamble refers to
“Introduction”. Preamble is known as the Identity
Card of the Constitution.
loZizFke vesfjdh lafo/kku izLrkouk ds lkFk “kq: gqvk FkkA Hkkjr lfgr dbZ ns”kksa us
izLrkouk dks tksM+kA izLrkouk “kCn *ifjp;* dks lanfHkZr djrk gSA izLrkouk dks
*lafo/kku dk igpku i=* Hkh dgrs gSaA
• The Preamble of Indian Constitution is based on the
Objective resolution drafted by J L Nehru.
Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dh izLrkouk tokgjyky usg: }kjk rS;kj fd, x, mÌs”; izLrko
ij vk/kkfjr gSA
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
Preamble as the part of Constitution
(Lakfo/kku ds Hkkx ds :Ik esa izLrkouk)
In the Berubari Union case 1960, the Supreme Court
held that Preamble is not the part of constitution. /
cs#cjh ;wfu;u dsl 1960 esa lokZsPp U;k;ky; us ekuk fd izLrkouk lafo/kku dk fgLlk
ugha gS]
But in Kesvanand Bharti case 1973 Supreme Court
rejected the earlier opinion and declare that Preamble
is an integral part of Constitution. / ijUrq ds”kokuan Hkkjrh ekeys
1973 esa lqizhe dksVZ us igys dh jk; dks [kkfjt dj fn;k vkSj izLrouk dks lafo/kku dk
vfHkUu vax ?kksf’kr fd;kA
In another case of LIC of India 1995, Supreme Court
again held that preamble is the part of
constitution./,yvkbZlh vkWQ bafM;k 1995 ds ,d vU; ekeys esa lqizhe dksbZ us
fQj dgk fd izLrkouk lafo/kku dk ,d fgLlk gSA
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
However, Supreme Court declared that
gkykafd lqizhe dksVZ us ?kks’k.kk dh fd&
1) The Preamble is neither the source of power to
Legislature nor the prohibition on the power of
legislature / izLrkouk u rks fo/kkf;dk dh “kfDr dk L=ksr gS vkSj u gh
fo/kkueaMy dh “kfDr dk izko/kku gSA
2) It is not Justifiable, hence not enforceable in court
of law / ;g U;k;laxr ugha gS blfy, dkuwu dh vnkyr esa ykxw ugha fd;k
tk ldrk gSA
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
Amendment of preamble(izLrkouk dk la”kks/ku)
After the Historical case of Kesvanand Bharti 1973,
Supreme Court held that Preamble is the integral part
of constitution, hence can be amended under Article
368 but amendment must not change the basic
structure of Constitution. / ds”kokuan Hkkjrh1973 ds ,sfrgkfld ekeys
ds ckn] lqizhe dksVZ us izLrkouk dks lafo/kku dk vfHkUu vax ekukA blfy, blds
vuqPNsn 368 ds rgr la”kks/ku fd;k tk ldrk gS] ysfdu la”kks/ku dks lafo/kku dh ewy
lajpuk esa cnyko ugha djuk pkfg,A
Our preamble was Amended only once in so far, in
1976 by the 42nd amendment act, which has added
three words in Preamble-Socialist, Secular and
Integrity. / gekjh izLrkouk dks dsoy 1976 esa 42osa la”kks/ku vf/kfu;e }kjk vc
rd dsoy ,d ckj la”kksf/kr fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlls izLrkouk esa *lektoknh*]
*/keZfujis{k* vkSj *v[kaMrk* rhu “kCn tksMs+ x,A
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
Explanation: / O;k[;k%
1. Source of authority of the Constitution/
lafoèkku ds vfèkdkj dk lzksr
The words, “ we, the People of India....” clearly
indicates the source of authorityof the Constitution.
It emphasizes the sovereignty of the people.
'kCn] ^ge] Hkkjr ds yksx ---------* lafoèkku ds vfèkdkj ds lzksr dks Li"V :i ls crkrk
gSA ;g yksxksa dh laizHkqrk ij tksj nsrk gSA
2. Nature of Indian State / Hkkjr dh izÑfr
It declares India to be a sovereign, socialist, secular,
democratic and a republic nation.
;g ?kks"k.kk djrh gS fd Hkkjr ,d laizHkq] lektoknh] èkeZfujis{k] yksdrkf=kad o
x.krkaf=d ns'k gSA
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
(a) Sovereign / laizHkq
• Sovereignty denotes supreme and ultimate power.
laizHkqrk loksZPp vkSj vfrae 'kfDr dks n'kkZrk gSA
• Sovereignty means the independent authority of the
State, not being subject to the control of any other
State or external power.
laizHkqrk dk vFkZ jkT; dk Lora=k vfèkdkj gS] tks fdlh vU; jkT; ;k ckgjh 'kfDr ds
fu;a=k.k ds vèkhu ugha gSA
• Types of Sovereignty: /laizHkqrk ds izdkj%
External / ckgjh
Internal / vkarfjd
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
b) Socialist / lektoknh
• The word “socialist” was added in the Preamble by
the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976. /
lektoknh 'kCn dks 42osa lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e] 1976 }kjk tksMk+ x;kA
• “socialist” indicates the incorporation of the
philosophy of “socialism” in the Constitution,
which aims at elimination of inequality in income
and status and standards of life
lektokn dk mís'; vk; vkSj izfr"Bk vkSj thou ds ekudkas esa vlekurk dks
lekIr djuk gSaA
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
(c) Secular / /keZfujis{k
• The word “secular” was added in the Preamble by
the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act,1976.
/keZfujis{k 'kCn dks 42osa lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e] 1976 }kjk tksMk+ x;kA
• A secular State, in Indian context, means that the
State protects all religions equally and does not
itself uphold any religion as the State religion.
,d /keZfujis{k jkT;] Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa] dk vFkZ gS fd jkT; lHkh èkeks± dh leku
:i ls j{kk djrk gS vkSj fdlh Hkh èkeZ dks jkT; èkeZ ugha ekurk gSA
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
(d) Democratic / yksdrkaf=d
• The word democracy comes from the Greek words
"demos", meaning people, and "kratos" meaning
power. / ^MseksØslh* 'kCn dks nks xzhd 'kCnksa dks feykdj cuk;k x;k gS] ^Mseksl*
,o ^ØsVksl*A Mseksl dk vFkZ yksx vkSj ØsVksl dk vFkZ 'kklu gSA
Thus, in democracy, ultimate power lies with the
people. / vFkkZr~ ,d yksdra=k esa yksxksa dk 'kklu gksrk gS ;k nwljs 'kCnksa esa]
,d yksdra=k esa loksZPp 'kfDr yksxks esa fufgr gSA
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
(e) Republic / x.kra=
• The term „republic‟ in our Preamble indicates that
India has an elected head called the President.
izLrkouk esa x.kra=k dk vFkZ gS fd Hkkjr dk ,d fuokZfpr izeq[k gS ftls jk"Vªifr
dgk tkrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa Hkkjrdk izeq[k vFkkZr~ jk"Vªifr pquko ds }kjk lÙkk esa
vkrk gSA
• India is a republic because the head of the State is
elected and is not a hereditary monarch.
Hkkjr ,d x.kra= gS D;ksafd jkT; dk izeq[k fuokZfpr gksrk gS vkSj oa'kkuqxr
jkt'kkgh (lezkV) ugha gksrk gSA
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
1. Who proposed the Preamble before the Drafting
Committee of the Constitution?
lafo/kku dh izk:i lfefr ds le{k izLrkouk dk izLrko fdlus j[kk\
[UPPCS 2007]
(a) B R Ambedkar / Ckh vkj vEcsMdj
(b) B N Rao / ch ,u jko
(c) Mahatma Gandhi / egkRek xka/kh
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru / tokgjyky usg:
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
2. Who among the following was not a member of the
drafting committee of the Constituent Assembly?
buesa ls dkSu lafo/kku lHkk dk izk:i lfefr dk lnL; ugha Fkk\
[CDS 2017]
(a) N G Ayangar/,u th vk;axj
(b) K M Munshi/ds ,e eqa”kh
(c) B N Rao / ch ,u jko
(d) Muhammad Saadullah / eqgEen lknqYykg
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
3. When did the Constitution of India adopt the design
of the Indian National Flag?
Hkkjrh; lafo/kku lHkk us Hkkjrh; jk’Vªh; /ot dh :ijs[kk dks dc vaxhdkj fd;k\
[SSC 2011]
(a) 23 August, 1947/23 vxLr] 1947
(b) 13 September, 1947/13 flrEcj] 1947
(c) 15 August, 1947/15 vxLr] 1947
(d) 22 July, 1947/22 tqykbZ] 1947
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
4. From which country did the written constitution
begin? / fyf[kr lafo/kku dk izkjEHk fdl ns”k ls gqvk\
[MPPCS 2015]
(a) Japan/ tkiku
(b) India / Hkkjr
(c) Britain/fczVsu
(d) America/ vesfjdk
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
5. Who among the following was not a member of the
Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India? /
buesa ls dkSu Hkkjr ds lafo/kku dh izk:i.k lfefr dk lnL; ugha Fkk\
[NDA 2014-II]
(a) B.R. Ambedkar / ch-vkj- vEcsMdj
(b) K.M. Munshi / ds-,e- eqa”kh
(c) Krishnaswamy Iyer / d`’.kkLokeh v¸;j
(d) M.K. Gandhi / ,e- ds- xka/kh
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
6. Who has called the constitution of India a sacred
document? / lafo/kku dks ,d ifo= nLrkost fdlus dgk gS\
[MPPCS 2015]
(a) B R Ambedkar/ ch vkj vEcsMdj
(b) Mahatma Gandhi /egkRek xk¡/kh
(c) Deen Dayal Upadhyay/ nhun;ky mik/;k;
(d) Mohammed Ali Jinnah/ eksgEen vyh ftUuk
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
7. The idea of including the Emergency provisions in
the Constitution of India has been borrowed from
the-/ Hkkjr ds lafo/kku es avkikr mica/kksa dk lekos”k djus dk fopkj fuEufyf[kr
esa ls fdlls fy;k x;k gS\
[NDA2009-I]
(a) Constitution of Canada
(b) Weimar Constitution of Germany
(c) Constitution of Ireland
(d) Constitution of the USA
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
8. The decision to implement the Constitution on 26
January was taken, because
Lakfoa/kku dks 26 tuojh ds fnu ykxw djus dk fu.kZ; blfy, fd;k x;k] D;ksafd
[BPSC 2011]
(a) The congress celebrated the situation as
Independence Say in the year 1930.
dkaxszl us bl frfFk dks o’kZ 1930 esa Lok/khurk fnol ds :i esa euk;k tkrk gSA
(b) Quit India Movement was started in the year 1942.
bl frfFk dks o’kZ 1942 esa Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu izkjEHk fd;k x;k FkkA
(c) It was a lucky day / og ,d “kqHk fnu FkkA
(d) None of the above / mijksDr esa ls dksbZ ughaA
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
9. Constitutional Government means
laoS/kkfud ljdkj dk vFkZ gS
[IAS Pre 2020]
(a) Government by Legislature/ fo/kkueaMy }kjk ljdkj
(b) Popular Government / yksdfiz; ljdkj
(c) Multi Party Government / cgq nyh; ljdkj
(d) Limited Government/ lhfer ljdkj
Polity by :-Yash Rawat Sir
