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“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 13630-1 (2006): Ceramic Tiles-Methods of Test, Sampling

and Basis of Acceptance, Part 1: Determination of
Dimensions and Surface Quality [CED 5: Flooring, Wall
Finishing and Roofing]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

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“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

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है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 IS 13630 (Part 1): 2006

( )

Indian Standard
CERAMIC TILES — METHODS OF TEST,
SAMPLING AND BASIS FOR ACCEPTANCE
( First Revision)

ICS 91.100.23

© BIS 2006
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

August 2006 Price Group 3

Flooring, WallFinishingand RoofingSectionalCommittee, CED S

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Parts 1 to 15) (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the
draft finalized by the Flooring, Wall Finishing and RoofingSectionalCommittee had been approved by the Civil
Engineering DivisionCouncil.
This standard was first publishedin variousparts in 1992-93. This is the first revision;havingall parts combined
in one publication, of the standard in whichthe following major changeshave been incorporated:
a) As per the decisiontaken in the last meeting, the requirements of all the parts have been includedin one
volume and the revised standardhas been brought in line with ISO 10545 (various parts).
b) The requirements for determination of bulk density have been added in Part 2 and a few changes have .
been made in the requirements for determination of water absorption.
c) A few modifications have also been made in Part 3.
d) Requirements for determination of breakingstrengthhave also been added in Part 6.
e) Requirements for determination ofglazingresistance tests have also been modified in Part 9.
t) A new test for determination of impactresistance by measurement of co-efficient of restitutionhas been
added as Part 14.
g) IS 13711 : 1993 'Samplingand basisfor acceptance'has beenamalgamated with Part 15 ofthis standard.
In formulation ofthis standard considerable assistance have been derived from the following standards:
ISO 10545-1 : 1995 Ceramictiles - Part 1 : Sampling and basis for acceptance
ISO 10545-2 : 1995 Ceramictiles - Part 2 : Determination of dimensions and surface quality
ISO 10545-3 : 1995 Ceramictiles - Part 3 : Detennination of waterabsorption, apparentporosity, apparent
relative density and bulk density
ISO 10545-4 : 2004 Ceramictiles - Part 4 : Determination of modulus of rupture and breakingstrength
ISO 10545-5 : 1996 Ceramic tiles- Part 5 : Determination of impact resistance bymeasurement of coefficient
of restitution
ISO 10545-6 : 1995 Ceramictiles - Part 6 : Determination of resistanceto deep abrasionfor unglazedtiles
ISO 10545-7 : 1996 Ceramictiles - Part 7 : Determination of resistance to surfaceabrasionfor glazed tiles
ISO 10545-8 : 1994 Ceramictiles - Part 8 : Determination of linear thermalexpansion
ISO 10545-9 : 2004 Ceramictiles - Part 9 : Determination of resistance to thermalshock
ISO 10545-10 : 1995 Ceramictiles - Part 10 : Detennination of moistureexpansion
ISO 10545-11 : 1994 Ceramictiles - Part 11 : Determination of crazing resistancefor glazed tiles
ISO 10545·12 : 1995Ceramictiles - Part 12 : Determination offtost resistance
ISO 10545-13 : 1995 Ceramictiles - Part 13 : Determination ofchemicalresistance
ISO 10545-14 : I99S Ceramictiles - Part 14 : Determination of resistanceto stains
ISO 13006 : 1998 Ceramictiles - Definitions, classification, characteristics and marking
For the purpose of deciding whethera particularrequirement of this standard is complied with, the fmal value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance
with IS 2.: 1960 'Rules for roundingoff numerical values (revised)'. The numberofsignificantplaces retained in
the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specifiedvalue in this standard.

•
 IS 13630 (part 1) : 2006

Indian Standard
CERAMIC TILES - METHODS OF TEST,
SAMPLING AND BASIS FOR ACCEPTANCE
PART 1 DETERMINATION OF DIMENSIONS AND SURFACE QUALITV

( First Revision)
1 SCOPE b) All measurements of length and width;
1.1 This standard (Part 1) covers methods for c) Average size ofeach test specimenfor square
detennining the dimensional characteristics (length, tiles; and the averagelength andwidthfor each
width, thickness, straightness of sides, rectangularity, oblong tile;
surfaceflatness) and the surface quality ofall ceramic d) Average size of 10 test specimensfor square
tiles. tiles and the average length and width of
oblong tiles;
1.2 Tileswith area less than 400 mm2 are excluded from
e) Deviation in percentof theaverage sizeof each
measurements of length, width, thickness, straightness
tile (2 or 4 sides) from the work size; and
of sides, rectangularity, and surface flatness.
f) Deviation in percent of the average size of
1.3 Spacer lugs, glaze bobs and other irregularitiesof each tile (2 or 4 sides) from the average size
thesidesshallbe ignoredwhenmeasuring length, width, of the 10 test specimens (20 or 40 sides).
and straightness of sides, rectangularity if these are
subsequently hidden in the joints after fixing. 3 MEASUREMENTS OF THICKNESS

2 MEASUREMENTS OF LENGTH AND WIDTH 3.1 Apparatus

2.1 Apparatus Micrometer screwgaugewithanvilsof S mm to 10 nun

diameter, or other suitable apparatus.
Vernier calipers or other suitable apparatus for linear
measurement. 3.2 Test Specimens
Ten whole tiles in each type shall be tested.
2.2 Test SpeclmeDs
Ten whole tiles in each type shall be tested. 3.3 Procedure
3.3.1 For all tiles except split tiles, draw diagonals
2.3 Procedure between the comers and measure the thickness at the
Measure each side of the tile under test at positions thickest pointwithin eachof the foursegments. Measure
5 mm from the comers. Measurements shall be made the thicknessof each tile under test in four positionsto
to the nearest 0.1 mm. an accuracyof 0.1 mm.
3.3.2 For split tiles, draw four lines at right angles
2.4 Expression of Results
across the extruded projections at distance of 1/8,3/8,
The average dimension of square tiles is the average 5/8, 7/8 ofthe lengthmeasured from the end. Measure
of four measurements. The average dimension of the the thickness at the thickest point on each line.
sampleis the average of40 measurements. For oblong
tiles, each similar pair of sides of a tile provides the 3.4 Expression of Results
appropriate average dimension of the tile, an average For all tiles the average thickness of each individual
of two measurements. The average dimensions for tile is the average of four measurements. The average
length and width are the average of 20 measurements thickness of the sample is the average of 40
each. measurements.
2.5 Test Report 3.5 Test Report
The test report shall contain the following: The test report shall contain the following:
a) Description of the tiles; a) Description of the tiles;
IS 13630 (part 1) : 2_

b) All measurements of thickness; 5 MEASUREMENT OF RECTANGULARITY

c) Average thickness of each test specimen; and 5.1 TermlDololY
d) Deviation in percentof the average thickness
of each tile (2 or 4 sides) ftom the work size 5.1.1 For the purpose ofmeuurement ofrectaDp11rity
thickness. ofceramic tilesaccordiD& to thisstIIndard, thefollowina
deftnition shall apply.
4 MEASUREMENTS OF STRAIGHTNESS OF
5.1.2 Devlallon/rom Rectanplarlty -If a comerof
SIDES
the tile is placed against the angle of an accurate
4.1 TermlDOlol)' calibratiDg plate,deviation in percentfiun rectangularity
is defined 81:
4.1.1 Forthe purpose ofmeuurement ofstraighmess
ofceramic tilesaccordiD& to thisstandard, thefollowiD& &
definitions sbaU'Bpply. -)(100
L
4.1.2 Stralghtnal olSldes - Defined u thedeviation where
from straightness of the centreof the side in the plane
of the tile. The measurement is only relevant to the L -lenath of the adjacentsides of the tile, and
straight sidesof tiles. 8 - deviation of the outercomer of thesideofthe
tile (measured S mm from the comer) from
4.2 Appantul the innerside of the calibrating plate.
4.2.1 An apparatus asshown in Fig. 1, or othersuitable 5.2 Appantul
apparatus such as steel square. The dial puge (..4) is
used for measuring the straightness of sides. 5.2.1 Anapparatus as shown inFig. 1,or othersuitable
apparatus such as steel square. The diallauge (B) is
4.2.2 A calibrating plate made of steel of accurate used for measuring the rectangularity of sides.
dimensions and with straightflat sides.
5.2.2 A calibrating plate, made of steel of accurate
4.3 Test SpeelmeDI dimensions and withstraightflat sides.
Ten ~bole tiles in each type shall be tested. 5.3 Test Speclmenl
4.4 Proeedure Tenwhole tiles in each type shallbe tested.
4.4.1 Select an apparatus of tile appropriate dimensions 5.4 Procedure
so that, when a tile is placed in the apparatus, the
locating studs are S mm from the each comer of th~ 5.4.1 Select anapparatus oftheappropriate dimensions
sidebeingmeasured. so that, when a tile is placed in the apparatus, the
locating studs are S mm from the each comer of the
4.4.2 Fitthe appropriate calibrating plate e~ly into sidebeingmeasured. Theplungerof the dialgauge (8)
position in the instrument and adjust the dial gauge shall also be ~ mm from the comer of the tile on the
reading to a suitable known value. side beingmeasured.
4.4.3 Remove the calibrating plate, place the proper 5.4.2 Fit theappropriate calibrating plateexactly into
surface ofthetileon the locating studsinthe apparatus position in the instrument and adjust the dial gauge
and record the dial gauge reading in the centre of reading to a suitable known value.
the side. Rotate the tile, if square, to obtain four
measurements. Repeatthis procedure for each tile. In 5.4.3 Remove the calibrating plate, place the proper
the case of oblong tiles, use separate instruments of surface oCthe tile on the locating studs in theapparatus
the appropriate dimensions to measure lengths and andrecord thedialpoge reading S mm from thecomer.
width. Measure to an accuracy of 0.1 mm. Rotate the tile, if square,to obtainfourmeasurements.
Repeat this procedure for each tile.Inthe case ofoblong
4.5 Test Report tiles, use separate instruments of the appropriate
dimensions to measure lengths and width. Meuure to
The test report shallcontainthe following:
an accuracy of 0.1 mm.
a) Description of the tiles;
5.5 EspreuloD of Results
b) All measurements of straightness of sides; and
c) Maximum deviation from straightness in Rectangularity shall be expressed u a percentage of
percent, related to the corresponding work the length and width for oblonl tiles; and the size for
sizes. squaretiles.

2
 IS 13630 (part I) : 2006

(8)

DIRECTION OF POSITIVE
ORNEGATIVe READING

FIG. 1 ApPARATUS FOR MEASUREMENT OF STRAIGHTNESS OF SIDES AND RECTANGULARITY

5.6 Test Report 6.1.4 Edge Curvature - The departure of the centre
of one edge of a tile from the plane in which three of
The test report shall contain the following:
the fourcomers lie.
a) Description of the tiles;
6.1.5 Warpage - The departure of the fourth comer
b) All measurements of rectangularity; and of a tilefrom the plane in which threeofthefourcomers
c) Maximum deviation from rectangularity in lie.
percent, related to the corresponding work
sizes. 6.2 Apparatus
6.2.1 For tiles larger than 40 mm )( 40 mm the
6 MEASUREMENTS OF SURFACE FLATNESS
apparatus given in 6.2.1.1 and 6.2.2.2 shall be used.
(CURVATURE AND WARPAGE)
6.1.1.1 An apparatusas shown in Fig. 2, or any other
6.1 Terminology
suitable instrument. Although only one dial gauge is
6.1.1 For the purpose of measurement of surface shown in the figure. there are three on the instrument,
flatness (curvature and warpage) of ceramic tiles located at the centre of oneside,at thecentreof thetile
according to this standard, the following definitions and at one comer. To measure smooth-surfaced tiles
shall apply. the support studs are S rnm in diameter. In order to
obtain meaningfbl results forothertile surfaces, suitable
6.1.2 Surface Flatness - Defmed by measurements
. support studs shall be used.
inthreepositions onthe surface of tiles.Tilesthathave
relief on the proper surfacepreventing measurements 6.2.1.2 True flat calibrating plate of metal or glassand
on that surface shall, wherepossible, be measured on at least 10 mm thick for the apparatus described
the back. in 6.2.1.1.
6.1.3 Centre Curvature - Thedeparture of thecentre 6.2.2 For tiles of dimensions 40 rnm )( 40 mm or less
ofa tilefrom theplanein which threeofthefourcorners the apparatus given in 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2 shall be
lie. used.

3
IS 13630 (part I) : 2006

DIRECT ION OF
POSITIVE OR
NEGATIVE
READING

3-0FF GAUGE AND

ADJUSTABLE MOUNTING
DEVICE ,ONE ONlY SHONN

FIG. 2 ApPARATUS FOR MEASUREMENT OF SURFACE FLATNESS

6.2.2.1 Metal straightedge of the tile, and the two outer dial gauges are 10 mm
from the sides of the tile.
6.2.2.2 Thickness feeler gauges
6.4.1.3 Adjustthe threedial gaugesto a suitableknown
6.3 Test Specimens value.
Ten whole tiles in each type shall be tested. 6.4.1.4 Remove the calibrating plate, place a tile on
the apparatuswithpropersurfaceofthe tile downwards
6.4 Procedure andrecordthethreedialgaugereadingin the centre of
6.4.1 For 1iles Larger Than 40 mm x 40 mm the side. Rotate the tile, if square, to obtain four
measurements ofeachproperties. Repeatthis procedure
6.4.1.1 Select an apparatus of the appropriate size for each tile. In the case of oblong tiles, use separate
and place the corresponding calibrating plate exactly instruments of the appropriate dimensions.Record the
into positionson top ofthe three accuratelypositioned maximum centre curvature, edge curvature and warpage
studs. for each tile. Measure to an accuracy of 0.1 mm.
6.4.1.2 The centre ofeach stud is 10 nun fromthe side 6.4.1 For Ttl« Dimension 0/49 mm )( 40 mm or Less

4
 IS 13630 (part 1): 2006

6.4.2.1 In order to measure edge curvature, place a m) Shading,

straightedge acrosstheedgesandmeasurethegap under n) Nipped edges, and
the straightedge by means of the feeler gauges. p) Nipped comers.
Determine centre curvature in the same manner but
alonf.diagonals. 7.1.2 In order to judge whether an intentional
decorative effect is acceptable or is a defect; see the
6.4.2.2 There shall be no warpage measurements. relevant clause of the product standard. Cracks,
6.5 Expression or Results nippededges and nipped comers cannotbe intentional
effects.
6.5.1 Centrecurvature is expressed as a percentageof
the length of the diagonal. 7.2 Apparatus
6.5.2 Edgecurvatureis expressed as percentageof the 7.2.1 Fluorescent Lighting of Colour Temperature
length and width, for oblong tiles and percentage of 6 000 K to 6 500 K
the size for square tiles. Warpage is expressed as a 7.2.2 Meter Rule or Other Suitable Means of
percentage ofthe length ofthe diagonal. Measuring Distance
6.5.3 Measurements for tiles with spacer lugsshall be 7.2.3 Light Meter
expressed in mm.
7.3 Test Specimens
6.6 Test Report
At least I m2 with a minimum of 30 tiles shall be
The test report shall contain the following: tested.
a) Description of the tiles;
7.4 Procedure
b) All measurements of centre curvature;
c) All measurements of edge curvature; 7.4.1 Place the tiles with the proper surface under
observationso that they can be viewed nonnally at a
d) All measurements of warpage;
distance of I m. Illuminate them with an even light
e) Maximum centre curvature, in percentage, intensity of300 lux at the surfaceof the tiles and check
related to the diagonal calculated from work the light intensityat the centre and each comer of the
size; area of tiles under test,
f) Maximum edge curvature, in percentage,
related to the correspondingwork size; and 7.4.2 Viewthe tiles with naked eye (with the aid ofa
spectacle, if usually worn).
g) Maximum warpage, in percentage related to
the diagonal calculated from work size. 7.4.3 Preparation of the test area and the viewing of
the test shall not be performed by the same person.
7 SURFACE QUALITY
7.4.4 Intentional effects in the surface shall not be
7.1 Surface Defects and Intentional Effects regarded as defects.
7.1.1 Criteria for assessing the surface quality of
7.5 Expression or Results
glazed, engobed and unglazed tiles are as follows:
Swface quality is expressed as the percentage of tiles
a) Cracks.
withoutdefects.
b) Crazing,
c) Short glazing, 7.6 Test Report
d) Unevenness, The test report shall contain the following:
e) Depressions,
a) Descriptionof the tiles;
t) Holes,
b) Number of tiles tested including the area of
g) 0 laze devitrification, tiles tested;
h) Specks and spots, c) Assessment criteria used; and
j) Under glazefaults, d) Percentageof tiles withoutdefects.
k) Decoratingfaults,

5
IS 13630 (part 1) : 2006

L ~ ........- --+c L ~"''''''''''''·c

FIG. 3 STRAIGHTNESS OF SIDES; DEVIATION FROM STRAIGHTNESS: elL

Flo. 4 RECTANGULARITY; DEVIATION FROM RECTANGULARITY 61L

"'---L---~

FIG. S CENTRE CURVATURE (L1cID)

+61
-tu

I.~---L----.1
FIG. 6 EooE CURVATURE (&IL)

6
 IS 13630 (Part 1) : 2006

-6w
FIG. 7 WARPAGE (4wID)

1
Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau 0/ Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and
attending to connected matters in the country.
Copyright
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withoutthe prior permission in writingof BIS.This does not preclude the free use, in the courseof implementing
the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to
copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
Review of Indian Standards
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latestamendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
'BIS Catalogue' and 'Standards: Monthly Additions'.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc: No. CEO S(73S8 to 7372).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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