4 Scaffolding Safety Guidelines and Regulations

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Refers to a scaffold member spanning between two runners upon
Bearer
which the platform rests.
Refers to a scaffold member that holds posts in a fixed position to
Brace
prevent any lateral movement.
Refers to one who is capable of identifying existing and potential
hazards in the surroundings or working conditions, and who has
Competent Person the authority to take prompt corrective action to eliminate them;
a person must be a holder of Scaffold Erector NC II and COSH
training.
Refers to a lifting machine with a carriage, platform or cage which
Hoist
moves on guides.
Refers to any plant equipment gear, machinery, apparatus or
Plant or Equipment
appliances, or any part thereof.
Refers to the vertical member of scaffold transmitting the load to
Post
the ground or to a base plate.
Refers to a scaffold member spanning between a runner and a
Putlogs
building wall upon which the platform rests.
Refers to one who, by possession of a recognized technical de-
gree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive
Qualified Person knowledge, training and experience, has successfully demon-
strated his/her ability to solve or resolve problems related to the
subject matter, the work, or the project.
Refers to a scaffold bracing, which extends horizontally from post
Runner to post forming right angles with the bearer and forms a tie be-
tween the posts.
Refers to a temporary or movable platform supported on the
ground or suspended, used for access and/or working at consid-
erable heights above ground.

Scaffold

Means one or more platforms supported by outrigger beams,

Supported Scaffold
posts, legs, posts, frames or similar rigid support.
Means one or more platforms supported by ropes or other
non-rigid means from an overhead structure(s).

Suspended Scaffold

Refers to scaffolds in which the supports for the platform are step
Trestle Scaffold
ladders, tripods or similar movable contrivances.
Also referred to as sole plates, are the load-bearing base of a
Base Plates scaffold. They're used to distribute weight and support the vertical
scaffolding poles known as standards.
Also known as uprights, verticals, or legs, are the long pipes or
Standards
tubes that connect the whole scaffold to the ground.

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Also referred to as runners, ledgers are tubes that run horizontally
Ledgers
along the length of the scaffold.
Transoms Horizontal members that meet the ledgers at right angles.
Provide support for the standards and the working platform by
Main transoms
holding them in position.
Provide additional board support when placed at intervals be-
Intermediate transoms
tween the main transoms.
Boards Planks that form the working platform on a scaffold.
Couplers Hold components of a scaffold together.
Braces Diagonal tubes that reinforce the scaffold's rigidity.
Provides strength by controlling the 'unbraced length' of the scaf-
Bracing
fold leg.
So that the worker can stand on the platform to do their work easily
Working platform
and safely.
Scaffolding supports the platform used by the worker as their
Platform and walking passage
walking path to transport the material and logistics.
Every scaffold must be built with materials that are strong and
Quality materials
sturdy enough for the specific job it's meant to do.
Timber used for scaffolds should be in good condition, with the
Timber condition bark fully removed, and not painted or treated in any way that
would hide defects.
Height limit for timber or bamboo scaffolds Should not exceed a height of 6 meters from the ground or base.
Steel scaffolds Must be used instead for scaffolds taller than 6 meters.
Must have stress removed from welded or bent joints, and the
Load-bearing components design and construction must be approved by the appropriate
authority.
Manufactured scaffolds Must comply with the manufacturer's designs and specifications.
The technical properties and data of scaffolds must be certified by
Certification
a qualified testing laboratory.
Must create and approve the design for scaffolds over 6 meters in
Structural engineer
height.
Must be approved by the appropriate authority after being de-
Site-fabricated scaffolds signed and examined by a structural engineer if taller than six
meters or has a working load more than 150 kg/m².
Fall protection equipment Must be used when working at heights of 2 meters or more.
Fall arrest equipment Required for work at heights of 10 meters or above.
All personnel involved in scaffolding must have proper training and
Training and certification
certification.
Each scaffold platform must be fully decked or planked between
Scaffold platform decking
the uprights and guardrail supports.
Should be installed with a gap no wider than 1 inch (2.5 cm)
Platform unit gap
between adjacent units and between the platform and uprights.
Each scaffold platform and walkway should have a minimum width
Minimum platform width
of 18 inches (46 cm).
Must extend at least 6 inches (15 cm) beyond its support center-
Platform end extension
line, unless secured by cleats, hooks, or similar means.
The end should not extend more than 12 inches (30 cm) unless
Platform extension for 10 feet or shorter designed to support workers or materials safely or has guardrails
preventing access to the cantilevered end.

Platform extension for longer than 10 feet

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Should not extend more than 18 inches (46 cm) beyond their
support unless they are designed to safely hold workers or have
guardrails preventing access to the cantilever end.

Must rest on separate support surfaces but using common sup-

Abutted scaffold planks
ports like 'T' sections are permitted.
Must overlap over supports by at least 12 inches (30 cm) unless
Overlapping platforms
restrained.
Platforms at non-right angles are laid first, and right-angle plat-
Changing direction of platforms
forms are laid on top.
1. Constructed with inadequate materials. 2. Erected and altered
Reasons for Scaffold Accidents by incompetent people. 3. Overloaded. 4. Electrocution. 5. Slippery
surface. 6. Workers being struck by falling objects.
Design instructions for scaffolds Users must create design instructions with all necessary data.
Design must follow engineering principles and consider all vari-
Design principles for scaffolds
ables.
Ease of assembly for scaffolds Scaffolds should be safe and easy to assemble and disassemble.
Must hold 4 times the intended load; suspended ones must hold
Load capacity for supported scaffolds
6 times.
Approval of scaffold design Scaffold design must be approved by authorities.
Scaffold posts must be diagonally and horizontally braced to pre-
Bracing of scaffold posts
vent sideways movement.
No splices are allowed between support points of load-carrying
Splices in load-carrying members horizontal members; they must be secured against lateral move-
ment.
Must be stable, rigid, and able to support twice the intended load.
Stability of scaffold footing
Do not use unstable objects like barrels or bricks.
Must sit on a strong foundation to spread the load and prevent
Foundation for scaffold posts
settling. Posts should be vertical.
Repair of damaged scaffold parts Repair or replace any damaged scaffold parts immediately.
Overloading scaffolds Do not overload scaffolds beyond their intended working load.
Must be secured to permanent structures; use braces or outrig-
Securing scaffolds to structures
gers if no permanent structure is available.
Do not mix scaffold components from different manufacturers
Mixing scaffold components
unless they fit properly and maintain structural integrity.
Modification of scaffold components Do not modify components unless designed by an engineer.
Do not use front-end loaders or forklifts to support scaffold plat-
Support for scaffold platforms
forms unless specifically designed for it.
All scaffolding materials delivered to the site must undergo a visual
Inspection of scaffolding materials
inspection either upon arrival or before installation.
Wooden planks with two nail holes positioned crosswise or four
Use of wooden planks nail holes along their length must not be used as horizontal
load-bearing components of the scaffold.
Site inspection before assembly
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A site inspection must be conducted before scaffold assembly to
assess ground stability, overhead power lines, obstacles, surface
elevation changes, and structural support conditions.
Must ensure that the ground is level and firm. Mud and soft soil
Site preparation for scaffolds
should be replaced with compacted gravel or crushed stone.
Less than 300 V - minimum distance of 3 feet; 300 V to 50 kV -
Safety clearance from insulated lines minimum distance of 10 feet; more than 50 kV - 10 ft plus 0.4in for
each 1 KV over 50 KV.
Less than 50 kV - minimum distance of 10 feet; more than 50 kV
Safety clearance from un-insulated lines
- 10 ft plus 0.4in for each 1 KV over 50 KV.
No scaffold work shall be undertaken without the direct supervi-
Requirements for scaffold erection
sion of a competent/qualified person as the case may be.
Plumb maintenance for scaffold posts All posts shall be maintained plumb regardless of connection.
All posts spacing and materials shall conform to the designer's
Post spacing and materials
specification.
All posts spacing and materials shall conform to the designer's
Posts
specification.
Runners All runners shall be perpendicular to the posts in all situations.
Diagonal brace shall extend from one connection to another and
Diagonal Brace shall be connected to the post within 150 millimeters from the point
of connection.
Diagonal braces shall not exceed an angle of 60 degrees from
Diagonal Brace Angle
horizontal.
Diagonal braces shall be installed immediately as the scaffold
Installation of Diagonal Braces
rises to maintain plumbness of the system.
All posts shall be joined or connected by means of joint pin, spigot
Post Connections or any appropriate means of connections. No lap connection shall
be allowed.
Always maintain the base width to height ratio of 1:4 during erec-
Base Width to Height Ratio
tion for stability.
No scaffold activity shall be undertaken if the wind velocity ex-
Wind Velocity Limit
ceeds 48 kph.
No other work shall be allowed to commence below the scaffold
Work Below Scaffold
during the erection phase.
Working platform shall be provided per level during erection and
Working Platform
shall not be removed unless the succeeding level is installed.
Scaffolds of more than 6 meters in height shall be designed by a
Height Requirement for Scaffolds structural engineer and shall be erected, installed and dismantled
by TESDA certified erectors.
Scaffold shall be erected, added, altered or dismantled only under
Supervision Requirement the supervision of the competent/qualified person in the construc-
tion.
Tools, equipment and materials for erection, installation and dis-
Tools and Equipment mantling shall be appropriate for its usage on the type of scaffold,
properly inspected and safe for use.
Scaffold with one section height shall be provided with safe ac-
Access for Scaffold
cess.
Supporting members used in the construction of runways, ramps,
Supporting Members
stairs and ladders shall be securely fastened and braced.
When a hooked-on ladder is used, a rest platform with a minimum
Rest Platform Requirement
width of 60cm (2ft) shall be provided every 4m in height.
Ladders used for access shall protrude at least 1m above the
Ladder Protrusion
landing place.
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Secure Foundation Select a secure foundation on which to build and set your scaffold.
Opt for casters if you plan on moving your scaffolding to work on
Casters various spots, and remember to lock the casters when you get it
into place.
Assemble the scaffolding frame by laying out the ends, lifting one
Scaffolding Frame Assembly
end piece, and attaching the upper cross brace.
Make sure the scaffold is stable by moving it into the desired
Stability Check
position and ensuring it is level and secure.
Lift the planks through the scaffold bars and into place, ensuring
Plank Placement
hardware is included to fasten the planks.
If ladders are used to access the scaffold, use ones that are
Access Safety designed for that specific scaffold and ensure they have handrails
and treading.
Guardrails are highly recommended for all scaffolding due to the
Guardrails
height of the equipment and the risk of falls.
Highly recommended for all scaffolding due to the height of the
Guardrails
equipment and the risk of falls.
Fall Protection Consider using tie offs and other fall protection measures.
Thoroughly examine the scaffolding setup to ensure all pieces are
Scaffolding Inspection
secure and reinspect every time you leave and return to the site.
Suspended Scaffolds Scaffolds that are suspended from a support structure.
Used if external parts cannot support the weight of a suspended
scaffold.

Outrigger Beams

Tiebacks Essential to support the scaffold's maximum load.

Counterweights Designed to stabilize the beams and support the scaffold.
Ropes should be in good working condition and replaced if they
Ropes Installation
lose one-third of their diameter due to damage or wear.
Test and ensure that the hoists are functioning properly with
Hoists Preparation special blockers attached to prevent the entire rope from passing
through the hoist.
Should be wide enough (between 20 and 36 inches) for workers
Scaffold Platform Requirement
to store tools, move, and pass by each other safely.
The rope should be secured to create a sling, with fiber rope
Boatswain's Chairs Requirement between 1/2 and 3/4 inch in diameter, and wire rope used in
high-heat areas.
OSHA mandates guardrails on scaffold platforms, protecting all
Guardrails Installation open sides and ends, 39-45 inches above the walking surface,
able to hold 200 pounds.
Scaffolds that are elevated and require specific setup and safety
Aerial Scaffolds
measures.
Ensure the ground is stable and capable of supporting the aerial
Site Preparation and Inspection
scaffold, checking for obstructions and unstable surfaces.
Extend the outriggers as needed for stability and lock them in
Base and Outriggers Setup
place before further assembly.

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Attach the mast to the base securely and verify all connections are
Mast and Platform Assembly
stable.
Inspect the power source and test the control panel to confirm
Power and Controls Testing
lifting and lowering functions work correctly.
Install guardrails on all open sides of the platform and ensure fall
Guardrails and Safety Features Installation
protection equipment is available and used properly.
Verify that the scaffold platform does not exceed the rated load
Load Capacity Check
capacity, factoring in the weight of workers, tools, and materials.
Conduct a thorough inspection of the assembled aerial scaffold,
Final Safety Inspection
including all safety systems and structural components.
All modifications should not impair the stability of the scaffold and
Modifications
should be approved if adding sheeting or debris netting.
A process to ensure that scaffolds are safe for use and properly
Scaffold Inspection and Tagging
marked.
Scaffold Inspection All scaffoldings shall be inspected prior to use.
Inspection and tagging shall be performed by a qualified or com-
Qualified Person
petent person.
All manufactured scaffolds shall follow the manufacturers' recom-
Manufactured Scaffolds
mendations.
Direct connections shall be evaluated by a qualified or competent
Direct Connections Evaluation person who shall confirm that the supporting surfaces can resist
the loads to be imposed.
Inspection Frequency Inspections should be carried out daily and every shift.
All site fabricated/conventional supported scaffolds exceeding 6
Height Requirement for Evaluation meters in height or a working load of 150 kg/m2 shall be evaluated,
tested and approved by a qualified person.
All scaffold identification tags shall be of a solid green, yellow, or
Scaffold Identification Tags
red color with black lettering.
Green tags shall be hanged at each scaffold access that have
Green Tags
been inspected and are safe for use.
Yellow tags shall be placed whenever special requirements for
Yellow Tags
safe use are required.
Red 'DANGER - UNSAFE FOR USE' tags shall be used during
Red Tags
erection and dismantling when the scaffold is left unattended.
All the records of the inspections shall be available on site and
Inspection Records
made available to proper authority upon request.
All scaffolds shall be properly maintained and every part shall be
Scaffold Maintenance
kept, fixed and secured in position to prevent displacement.
No partly dismantled scaffold shall be used unless it is rendered
Partly Dismantled Scaffold
stable, strong and safe for the purpose.
Scaffoldings left standing for four (4) months shall not be used until
Standing Scaffold Duration
damaged members are replaced.
During dismantling, no component which endangers the stability
Dismantling Safety
of the remaining structure should be removed.
If dismantling has reached the stage at which a critical member
has to be removed, the stability of the structure should be assured
Critical Member Removal
by fixing a similar or otherwise adequate member in place before
removal.
If changes are made in the scaffold structure during its working
Dismantling Order life, it is not safe to assume that dismantling can be carried out in
the reverse order to the erection.
Material Handling
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Materials should be lowered to the ground and not stored on the
scaffold.
Scaffolds, which are to be progressively dismantled during the
Progressive Dismantling demolition of a building, should not be left projecting above the
residual height of the walls more than is necessary.
Scaffolds, which are to remain in use while partly dismantled,
Partly Dismantled Scaffold Safety
should be fitted with end guardrails and toe boards.
If access is possible onto a partly dismantled scaffold, warning
Warning Notices
notices should be fixed.
Scaffolds accessories requiring lubrication shall be oiled prior to
Scaffold Accessories Maintenance
storage in a covered or closed container.
All loading and unloading operations, including transport of scaf-
Loading/Unloading Operations
folds, shall be properly planned by a competent person.
During loading/unloading and transport of scaffolds, the opera-
Transport Planning tions shall be appropriately supervised and carried out in a safe
manner.
Equipment provided on any scaffold 2m (6 feet) or more above
Scaffold Fall Protection Equipment
ground to protect personnel from falling.
Platforms supported by legs, outriggers, beams, brackets, poles,
Supported Scaffolds
uprights, posts, frames, or similar rigid support.
A system that reduces injury when a fall occurs, comprising an
anchor, fall arrest connector, and harness.

Fall Arrest System

A point located as high as equipment permits, capable of support-

Anchorage Point
ing 6,000 lbs, and must be corrosion resistant.
A part of the fall arrest system attached to the anchor point and
Lifeline
the user, supporting a weight of 2500 lbs/1140 kgs.
A device made of rope, wire, or nylon strap used to tether an
Lanyard
individual to an anchorage point.
A device that limits the force applied to the user when a fall occurs,
Shock Absorber
either separate or built into the lanyard.
Fall Arrestor (Rope Grab) A device that automatically locks into the lifeline when a fall occurs.
A device designed to contain the torso and pelvic area of a worker
Full Body Harness
and support them during and after a fall.
A temporary or portable safety barrier that prevents falls from
Guardrail System
elevated surfaces.
Components of Guardrail Includes Top Rail, Mid Rail, and Toe Board.
A component of a guardrail system that must withstand a force of
Top Rail
at least 100 kg (220 pounds) applied in any direction.
The height of top rails on supported scaffolds shall be 91 cm (36
Height of Top Rails
in.).
Includes location, methodology, provision of spacer during load-
Loading/Unloading Operation
ing, and safe loading/unloading sequence.
Includes required Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for safe
Manual Handling
handling of materials.
Includes risks faced by slingers, riggers, and drivers during oper-
Hazards for Stockyard Workers
ations.
Loose Parts Transport
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All loose parts shall be strapped or secured prior to transport;
small parts must be placed in a box or bag indicating total weight.
Includes speed limits, reversing constraints, and danger areas that
Site Restrictions
must be considered during transport.
Includes de-sheeting, strapping, checking, and ensuring load sta-
Duties of Driver
bility during transport.
Checking stability of loads after transport from stockyard to work
Inspection of Loads
site and vice versa.
Ensuring safe access to the vehicle for loading and unloading
Provision of Safe Access
operations.
Provision of spacers during the loading of scaffolds to ensure
Spacer Provision
safety.
Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid
panels, etc., shall be able to withstand a force of at least 68 kg
Mid Rail
(150 pounds) applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at
any point along the midrail or other member.
Installation of Mid Rail It shall be installed between the toprail and the platform surface.
When screens and mesh are used, they shall extend from the
Screens and Mesh toprail of the guardrail system to the scaffold platform, and along
the entire opening between the supports.
Crossbracing may serve as a midrail when its crossing point is
Crossbracing as Midrail between 50 and 75 cm (20 and 30 in) above the work platform
and install top rail.
Crossbracing may serve as a top rail when its crossing point is
Crossbracing as Top Rail between 96 and 122 cm (38 and 48 in.) above the work platform
and install midrail.
Prevents tools and materials from falling off the edge and poten-
Toe Board tially injuring someone below. It is usually 4 inches (10cm) high,
installed at the base.
Suspended scaffolds are platforms supported by ropes or other
non-rigid means from an overhead structure. They are commonly
Suspended Scaffolds
used for tasks such as window cleaning, maintenance, and exte-
rior construction work.
Fall protection equipment shall be provided on any suspended
Fall Protection Requirement
scaffold 2m (6 feet) or more above ground to ensure worker safety.
A fall arrest system minimizes the risk of injury in the event of a
Fall Arrest System fall. It consists of several key components designed to support and
protect workers.
Anchorage Point, Lifeline, Fall Arrestor (Rope Grab), Lanyard,
Components of a Fall Arrest System
Shock Absorber, Full Body Harness.
Must be made of high-strength synthetic or wire rope capable of
Rope Strength Requirement
supporting at least 6 times the intended load.
Must be securely attached to the scaffold system and not made of
Counterweights
materials that could shift, like loose bricks or sandbags.
If used, they must be properly anchored and capable of withstand-
Outrigger Beams
ing the scaffold load.
Must be strong enough to support workers, tools, and materials
Platform Materials
without excessive bending or breaking.
Employers must provide fall protection for workers who erect,
Erectors and Dismantlers install, or dismantle scaffolds whenever feasible, ensuring that the
protection does not introduce additional hazards.
A competent person shall be designated by the employer to evalu-
Competent Person ate the feasibility and safety of fall protection measures for workers
involved in scaffold erection, installation, and dismantling.
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All unused materials, equipment, and tools on the scaffold must
Protection from Falling Objects
be secured to prevent accidental displacement.
Every competent person responsible for scaffolds must complete
Training and Competency Requirement for Competent Person the standard scaffold training and assessment as required by
DOLE and TESDA.
The competent person must possess a COSH (Construction Oc-
cupational Safety and Health) Training Certificate issued by DOLE
Competent Person Certifications
or an accredited safety training organization and a TESDA-issued
Scaffold Erection Certificate, as prescribed by TESDA standards.
The competent person must have a minimum of two years of
Competent Person Experience Requirement
experience in scaffold erection.
All scaffold erectors are required to undergo and successfully
Scaffold Erector Requirements complete the standard scaffold training and assessment required
by DOLE and TESDA.
Scaffold erectors must have a One-Day Workers' Safety Orienta-
tion Certificate issued by DOLE or an accredited safety training
Scaffold Erector Certifications
organization and a TESDA-issued Scaffold Erection NC II Certifi-
cate.

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