Question 1 : Give the correct term ( 30/01/2024)
1. Process by which green plants make food Photosynthesis
2. Gas released during photosynthesis Oxygen
3. Energy absorbed by plants for the manufacture of food sunlight
4. Green pigment present in leaves that absorbs sunlight Chlorophyll
5. The high energy product formed during photosynthesis Glucose
Question 2
1. Name the gases A and C A = carbon dioxide C = oxygen
2. Name the energy rich product D Glucose
3. Write down the name of the requirements labelled B which is absorbed by the roots Water
4. State the source of the gas labelled A Atmosphere
Question 3
1. Give the function for each of the requirement labelled B which is absorbed by the roots
Captures maximum sunlight for photosynthesis.
Has xylem to transport water to the leaf and phloem to transport manufactured food away.
2. The purpose of D
It is the leaf stalk that connects the leaf to the stem.
It holds the leaf in a favourable position for maximum photosynthesis to occur.
RESPIRATION
Question 1
1. The main form in which plants store energy Starch
2. The process by which living organisms release energy from food Cellular respiration
3. Gas needed for respiration to occur Oxygen
4. Energy rich food that is broken down during respiration Glucose
5. Name the main product of respiration ATP (energy)
Question 2
1. Write down the word equation showing the requirements and products of respiration
Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy
2. Name the structure through which the ff. Organisms obtain their oxygen
A) human - lungs
B) Earthworms - skin
C) Fish - gills
D) Plants - stomata
Energy in form of ATP is used by plants and animals for growth, excretion and reproduction.
Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere.
Water gets released by animals as urine, sweat or water vapour. Plants release the water as water
vapour during transpiration.
Question 3
1. List 5 ways that energy released during respiration is used in the human body
- To grow
- To excrete
- To digest food
- Muscle action when breathing
- To reproduce
Question 4
1. Tabulate the differences between photosynthesis and respiration
PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION
Occurs in green plants only Occurs in plants and animals
Sunlight is required Not dependant on sunlight
Energy storing process Energy releasing process
Gas oxygen is released Gas carbon dioxide is released
INTERACTION AND INTERDEPENDENCE WITHIN THE ENVIRONMENT
Question 1
1. Define the following terms
Population - A group of organisms of the same species, living in a definable habitat and are free
to interbreed.
Community - Made up of different populations that interact within the same area.
Ecosystem - An area where the biotic components (plants and animals) interact with the abiotic
components (water/soil/gases etc.)
Biosphere - Part of Earth and its atmosphere in which organisms live.
Ecology - Is the study of an ecosystem.
Question 2
1. What is meant by the term abiotic factor ?
Abiotic factors are the non-living components of an ecosystem. For example, water. Soil etc.
2. Name 4 abiotic factors
Water/soil/sunlight/temperature/wind/gases.
3. Explain why light is important in an ecosystem ?
Light is the primary source of energy that is required by plants to undergo photosynthesis.
4. State the difference between shade loving plants and sun loving plants, Give examples of each.
- Sun loving plants, like the Cactus, require lots of sunlight for photosynthesis.
- Shade loving plants, like the fern, do not require lots of sunlight for photosynthesis.
5. State the difference between diurnal and nocturnal animals
- Diurnal animals are active during the day.
- Nocturnal animals are active at night.
6. Explain the following terms and give examples
a) hydrophytes - grow in water. Able to float in water. E.g. water lily; water hyacinth.
b) mesophytes - survive in soil that has moderate amounts of water. E.g. Rose/sunflower
c) xerophytes - survive in soil that has very little water. E.g. Cactus
7. State the importance of wind in the ecosystem
- Wind plays a role in pollinating certain flowers.
- Wind plays a role in seed dispersal in some plants.
- Wind causes movement of water vapour which condenses to form rain/snow/hail
8. Define hibernation and give an example
Hibernation occurs in animals when they are dormant (inactive) and go into a deep sleep
to avoid the harsh environmental conditions.Bear
9. Give two reasons why animals hibernate
- Temperatures are too low.
- Food and water is scarce
10. Explain the difference between endothermic and exothermic animals and give examples
- Exothermic animals do not control their body temperature. Hence their body temperature
fluctuates according to the outside temperature. E.g. lizards/snake
- Endothermic animals maintain a constant body temperature. Hence their temperature in not
affected by the outside temperature. E.g. Bear/cow/humans
11. Why is water important in an ecosystem?
- Water is a requirement for photosynthesis in plants.
- Animals need water for digestion, transport of food, gases and waste products.
Question 3
1. Complete the table below
SOIL TYPE PROPERTIES
Sand Has coarse particles
Poor water retention
Less nutrients and well aerated
Not suitable for plant growth
Loam Has a mix of fine and coarse particles
Moderate water holding capacity
Has humus with lots of nutrients and moderate air
Suitable for plant growth
Clay Has very fine particles
Retains lots of water
Not suitable for plant growth
Question 4
1. Name the 3 most important gases found in the air and their percentage and composition
Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21%
Carbon dioxide – 0,03%
2. Define the following terms
a) Altitude - refers to the height above sea level. High altitudes are colder than low altitude.
b) Slope - refers to how steep an area is. Very steep slopes have less vegetation.
c) Aspect -refers to the direction a slope is facing. In the southern hemisphere, south facing
slopes are cooler than north facing slopes.
Question 1
1. Match column A with column B
COLUMN A LETTER COLUMN B
1. Organisms that feed on dead decaying material C A - producers
2. Animals that feed on other animals that are already dead D B - predators
3. Organisms that make their own food A C - decomposers
4. Animals that hunt and kill prey for food F D - herbivores
5. Animals that eat both plants and animals B E - scavengers
6. Animals that eats plants only E F - omnivores
Question 2
FOX OWL
MOUSE
BIRD
RABBIT
GRASSHOPPER
CARROTS
GRAIN
GRASS
1. Name the producers CARROTS/GRASS/GRAIN
2. Name 3 primary consumers RABBIT/MOUSE/GRASSHOPPER
3. Name 2 secondary consumers FOX/OWL
4. Draw a food chain that has 4 organisms
GRASS/GRAIN GRASSHOPPER BIRD FOX
5. Write down the names of 3 predators FOX OWL BIRD
6. If a farmer uses insecticides and kills all the grasshoppers,what effect will this have on the birds
and amount of grasshoppers. Give a reason for each case.
a) birds: their population will decrease since their source of food has been eliminated.
Hence the birds will die of starvation or fly away.
b) grasses: their population will increase since there are no grasshoppers to eat the grass.
7. Select a food chain from the food web and use it to draw a fully labelled food pyramid of energy
comprising 4 trophic levels.
FOX ……………………….TERTIARY CONSUMER
BIRD …………………… SECONDARY CONSUMER
GRASSHOPPER …………… PRIMARY CONSUMER
GRASS/GRAIN …… PRODUCER
DIAGRAM OF AN ENERGY PYRAMID
8. What happens to the amount of energy as you go up in the pyramid
Energy decreases
Question 1
1. Explain what the following natural factors have on the ecosystem
Severe flooding - carries toxic materials such as pesticides, industrial wastes and sewage into
sensitive ecosystems that can cause death amongst organisms.
Drought - causes rivers and lakes to dry out. Hence less water is available to plants and
animals causing them to die.
High temperatures - will force animals to move out of their natural habitat. Plant will die.
Question 2
1. Write down 7 human activities that negatively affect the ecosystem
release of toxic chemicals into rivers and dams
release of hot water into rivers and dams
throwing plastic and litter
release of nutrients and pesticides
throwing of cigarette stumps that cause veld fires
poaching
deforestation
Question 3
1. Explain how each of the following features helps the polar bear to survive in the cold regions of
the Earth
Fur - better grip on ice and for insulation.
Large broad feet - Prevents sinking in snow
Small ears - Reduces heat loss
Thick layer of blubber - Insulation against cold
White fur - Camouflage to help hunt prey
Question 4
1. Describe 5 body features that a camel has to survuve in the desert
long eyelashes to keep out sand getting into eyes.
thick eyebrows to shield eyes from sun.
nostrils can close. This prevents sand from entering.
board feet prevent foot from sinking in the sand.
fat stored in hump is broken down for energy purposes.
MICRO ORGANISMS
Question 1
1. Define the term micro organisms. Micro-organisms are very small and visible with a microscope.
2. Name 3 diseases caused by viruses Mumps; Measles; Aids; flu; polio
3. State the differences between viruses and bacteria
Bacteria are larger than Viruses.
Bacteria are living organisms. Viruses are not true living organisms.
4. What role do bacteria play in the human intestine Helps to digest food.
5. Name 3 disease causing bacteria TB; cholera; syphilis;
6. Where do most protists live? In water
7. Write down 3 diseases caused by protists
Malaria; Amoebic dysentery; African sleeping sickness
8. Give 2 examples of fungi Mushrooms; moulds; yeasts
9. Name 2 diseases caused by fungi Athletes foot; fungal nail infection; ring worms
10. State 3 conditions that promote growth of fungi Darkness; warmth; moisture
Question 2
1. State 3 direct methods of transmitting diseases
Person to person
Animal to person
Mother to unborn child
Food contamination
2. Name 3 insects that transmit diseases Mosquitoes; fleas; lice; bed bugs
3. a)Which insects transmits malaria Female mosquito
b)State two symptoms of malaria fever; headache
4. Cholera is a water borne disease,write down 3 symptoms of the disease
diarrhoea; vomiting; stomach cramps
5. List 5 precautions that can be taken to prevent the spread of diseases
wash hand frequently
do not share personal items.
cover mouth when coughing or sneezing
get vaccinated
handle animals with caution
Question 3
1. Briefly write down the contributions made by the following scientists in the treatment and control
of infectious diseases
A) Louis Pasteur - Developed pasteurization- is a process whereby harmful microbes in food are
destroyed with minimal damage to the food.
B) Alexander Fleming -
Discovered penicillin – which is an antibiotic that kills or stops the growth of bacteria.
C) Edward Jenner - Developed the vaccine for small pox.
Question 4
1. Name 2 types of decomposers bacteria and fungi
2. Why are decomposers important in the environment
They breakdown dead plants and animals so that the nutrients are returned to the soil.
3. A)Which fungus is used in the baking industry yeast
B) Name the gas released when this fungus breaks down the sugars in the bread dough
Carbon dioxide
4. State the importance of this gas in the baking of bread
It causes the dough to rise
Question 5
1. What are antibiotics used for ? Are used in humans to kill bacteria.
2. Write down the names of 2 microorganisms from which antibiotics are obtained
Fungi and bacteria
3. List 2 side effects that antibiotics produce in humans Skin rash and diarrhoea
Question 6
1. Name the 2 types of foods that result from the action of bacteria on milk
Yoghurt and cheese
2. Name the acid formed when bacteria breaks down lactose milk
Lactic acid
3. What is the importance of this acid? Turns the milk to be thick and sour
4. Why is yoghurt an important part of some peoples diet?
Good for the digestive system
