DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL

DWARKA EXPRESSWAY, GURUGRAM

Academic Session: 2024-25
Grade- IX
Subject- Political Science
Chapter-3 Electoral Politics
NOTES

Why Do We Need Elections?

Elections take place regularly in any democracy. There are more than 100 countries in the world in
which elections take place to choose people’s representatives. The mechanism by which people can
choose their representatives at regular intervals and change them is called an election.

In an election, the voters make many choices:

 They can choose who will make laws for them.

 They can choose who will form the government and take major decisions.

 They can choose the party whose policies will guide the government and law-making.

What Makes an Election Democratic?

The minimum conditions of a democratic election include the following points.

1. Everyone should be able to choose their own representative.

2. Parties and candidates should be free to contest elections and should offer some real choice
to the voters.

3. Elections must be held regularly after every few years.

4. The candidate preferred by the people should get elected.

5. Elections should be conducted in a free and fair manner where people can choose as they
really wish.

Is It Good to Have Political Competition?

Elections are all about political competition. This competition takes various forms. At the
constituency level, it takes the form of competition among several candidates. Here are a few reasons
that support political competition as being good for people.
1. Regular electoral competition provides incentives to political parties and leaders.

2. Political parties know that if they raise issues that people want to be raised, their popularity
and chances of victory will increase in the next elections. On the contrary, if they fail to satisfy the
voters with their work, they will not be able to win again.

3. If a political party is motivated only by the desire to be in power, despite that, it will be forced
to serve the people.

What Is Our System of Election?

Elections are held in India in Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha (Assembly) regularly after every five years.
After five years, the term of all the elected representatives comes to an end.

Elections held in all constituencies at the same time, either on the same day or within a few days, are
called General Elections. Sometimes elections are held only for one constituency to fill the vacancy
caused by the death or resignation of a member. This is called a By-Election.

Electoral Constituency

India is divided into different areas for the purpose of elections. These areas are called electoral
constituencies. The voters living in an area elect one representative.

 For the Lok Sabha elections, India is divided into 543 constituencies. The representative
elected from each constituency is called a Member of Parliament or an MP.

 Each state is divided into a specific number of Assembly constituencies. In this case, the
elected representative is called the Member of the Legislative Assembly or an MLA. Each
Parliamentary constituency has within it several assembly constituencies.

The same principle applies to Panchayat and Municipal elections. Each village or town is divided into
several ‘wards’ that are like constituencies. Each ward elects one member of the village or the urban
local body. Sometimes these constituencies are counted as ‘seats’, for each constituency represents
one seat in the assembly.

Reserved Constituencies

Some constituencies are reserved for people who belong to the Scheduled Castes [SC] and Scheduled
Tribes [ST]. In the Lok Sabha, 84 seats are reserved for the SC and 47 for the ST.
 In SC reserved constituency, only someone who belongs to the Scheduled Caste can stand
for election.

 Only those belonging to the Scheduled Tribes can contest an election from a constituency
reserved for ST.

In many states, seats in rural (panchayat) and urban (municipalities and corporations) local bodies
are now reserved for Other Backward Classes (OBC) and women candidates as well.

Voters’ List

In a democratic election, the list of those who are eligible to vote is prepared much before the election
and given to everyone, which is officially called the Electoral Roll and is commonly known as
the Voters’ List. It is the responsibility of the government to get the names of all the eligible voters
put on the voters’ list.

The voters are required to carry Election Photo Identity Card [EPIC] when they go out to vote so that
no one can vote for someone else. But the card is not yet compulsory for voting as voters can show
many other proofs of identity, like the ration card or the driving licence.

Nomination of Candidates

Anyone who can be a voter can also become a candidate in elections. The candidate should be a
minimum of 25 years of age. Every person who wishes to contest an election has to fill out a
‘nomination form’ and give some money as a ‘security deposit’. The candidate has to make a legal
declaration, giving full details of:

1. Serious criminal cases pending against the candidate,

2. Details of the assets and liabilities of the candidate and his or her family, and

3. Educational qualifications of the candidate.

This information is made available to the public so that voters can make their decision on the basis
of the information provided by the candidates.

Election Campaign

The election campaigns are conducted to have a free and open discussion about who is a better
Representative and, in turn, which party will make a better government. In India, Election Campaigns
take place for a two-week period between the announcement of the final list of candidates and the
 date of polling. During this period, the candidates contact their voters, political leaders address
election meetings and political parties mobilise their supporters.

Some of the successful slogans given by different political parties in various elections:

 Save Democracy

 Land to the Tiller

 Protect the Self-Respect of the Telugus



According to India’s Election Law, no party or candidate can:

1. Bribe or threaten voters.

2. Appeal to them in the name of caste or religion.

3. Use government resources for election campaigns.

4. Spend more than 25 lahks in a constituency for a Lok Sabha election or more than 10 lahks in
a constituency in an Assembly election.

If any political party does so, their election can be rejected by the court. In addition to the laws, all the
political parties in our country have agreed to a Model Code of Conduct for election campaigns.
According to this, no party or candidate can:

 Use any place of worship for election propaganda.

 Use government vehicles, aircraft and officials for election.

 Once elections are announced, ministers shall not lay the foundation stones for any projects,
take any big policy decisions or make any promises of providing public facilities.

Polling and Counting of Votes

The day when the voters cast or ‘poll’ their vote is called election day. The voting is done in the
following manner.

1. Every person whose name is on the voters’ list can go to a nearby polling booth.

2. Once the voter goes inside the booth, the election officials identify her, put a mark on her finger
and allow her to cast her vote.
3. An agent of each candidate is allowed to sit inside the polling booth and ensure that the voting
takes place in a fair way.

A ballot paper is a sheet of paper on which the names of the contesting candidates, along with party
names and symbols, are listed. The ballot paper was used earlier. Nowadays, electronic voting
machines (EVM) are used to record votes.

 The machine shows the names of the candidates and the party symbols.

 The voter has to just press the button against the name of the candidate she wants to give her
vote to.

 Once the polling is over, all the EVMs are sealed and taken to a secure place.

 A few days later, all the EVMs are opened, and the votes secured by each candidate are
counted.

 The candidate who secures the highest number of votes from a constituency is declared
elected.

What Makes Election in India Democratic?

1) Independent Election Commission

In India, elections are conducted by the Election Commission (EC). The Chief Election Commissioner
(CEC) is appointed by the President of India. Election Commission is independent and has a wide
range of powers which are:

1. EC takes decisions on every aspect of conduct and control of elections, from the announcement
of elections to the declaration of results.

2. It implements the Code of Conduct and punishes any candidate or party that violates it.

3. During the election period, the EC can order the government to follow some guidelines, to
prevent the use and misuse of governmental power to enhance its chances of winning elections or to
transfer some government officials.

4. When on election duty, government officers work under the control of the EC and not the
government.

2) Popular Participation
The quality of the election process can also be checked by seeing the participation of people. People’s
participation in the election is measured by voter turnout figures. Turnout indicates the per cent of
eligible voters who actually cast their vote.

1. In India, the poor, illiterate and underprivileged people vote in larger proportion as compared
to the rich and privileged sections.

2. Common people in India feel that through elections, they can bring pressure on political
parties to adopt policies and programmes favourable to them.

3. The interest of voters in election-related activities has been increasing over the years.

3) Acceptance of Election Outcome

One final test of the freedom and fairness of the election is the outcome of the election.

1. The ruling parties routinely lose elections in India both at the national and state level.

2. In the US, an incumbent or ‘sitting’ elected representative rarely loses an election. In India,
about half of the sitting MPs or MLAs lose elections.

3. Candidates who are known to have spent a lot of money on ‘buying votes’ and those with
known criminal connections often lose elections.

4. Barring very few disputed elections, the electoral outcomes are usually accepted as ‘people’s
verdicts’ by the defeated party.

Challenges to Free and Fair Elections

Elections in India are essentially free and fair. Sometimes this may not be true for every constituency.
There are many limitations and challenges to Indian elections. These include:

1. Candidates and parties with a lot of money enjoy a big and unfair advantage over smaller
parties.

2. Candidates with criminal connections have been able to push others out of the electoral race
and to secure a ‘ticket’ from major parties.

3. Tickets are distributed to relatives from their families.

4. Elections offer little choice to ordinary citizens as major parties are quite similar to each other,
both in policies and practice.
5. Smaller parties and independent candidates suffer a huge disadvantage compared to bigger
parties.
 DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL
DWARKA EXPRESSWAY, GURUGRAM
Academic Session: 2023-24
Grade- IX
Subject- Political Science
Chapter-3 Electoral Politics
NCERT SOLUTIONS
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following statements about the reasons for conducting elections are false?
(a) Elections enable people to judge the performance of the government.
(b) People select the representative of their choice in an election.
(c) Elections enable people to evaluate the performance of the judiciary.
(d) People can indicate which policies they prefer.
Answer:
(c) Elections enable people to evaluate the performance of the judiciary.

2. Which of these is not a good reason to say that Indian elections are democratic?
(a) India has the largest number of voters in the world.
(b) India’s Election Commission is very powerful.
(c) In India, everyone above the age of 18 has a right to vote.
(d) In India, the losing parties accept the electoral verdict.
Answer:
(a) India has the largest number of voters in the world.

3. Match the following:

 (a) It is necessary to keep the voters’ list up (i) there is a fair representation of all sections

to date because of our society

(b) Some constituencies are reserved for (ii) everyone has equal opportunity to elect

SCs and STs so that their representatives

(c) Everyone has one and only one vote so (iii) all candidates must have a fair chance of

that competing in elections

(d) Party in power is not allowed to use (iv) some people may have moved away from

government vehicles because the area where they voted last

Answer:

(a) It is necessary to keep the voters’ list up (iv) some people may have moved away from

to date because the area where they voted last

(b) Some constituencies are reserved for (i) there is a fair representation of all sections of

SCs and STs so that our society

 (c) Everyone has one and only one vote so (ii) everyone has equal opportunity to elect their

that representatives

(d) Party in power is not allowed to use (iii) all candidates must have a fair chance of

government vehicles because competing in elections

4. Name the countries, which have introductory lines of their constitution as “We the People”.

(a) India, USA and South Africa

(b) India, England and USA
(c) England, USA and South Africa
(d) India, England and South Africa

Ans: (A) India, USA and South Africa

5. Assertion (A): The candidates, standing for elections have to provide detailed account of their
assets, educational qualification etc
Reason (R): In India, provision has been made to ensure independent and fair elections.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true

Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Very Short Answer

1. List all the different election-related activities mentioned in the chapter and arrange them in a time
sequence, beginning with the first activity and ending with the last. Some of these activities are given
below: releasing election manifestos; counting of votes; making of voters’ list; election campaign;
declaration of election results; casting of votes; ordering of re-poll; announcing election schedule;
filing nomination.

Answer:

Making of voters’ list → Announcing election schedule → Releasing election manifesto → Election
campaign → Filing nomination → Casting of votes → Ordering of re-poll → Counting of votes →
Declaration of election results.

2. What is the purpose of an election campaign?

Answer:

Election campaigns are important because they give people and their future representatives an
opportunity to have a free and open dialogue about what they can expect if they vote for a particular
candidate and who will make policies that are more suitable to them.

3. Chinappa was convicted of torturing his wife for dowry. Satbir was held guilty of practising
untouchability. The court did not allow either of them to contest elections. Does this decision go
against the principles of democratic elections?

Answer:

The decision of the court does not go against the principles of democratic elections because the court
can disqualify any person from contesting the election. In the present case, both the persons have
been convicted and not allowed to contest elections.

4. What does ‘rigging’ mean?

Answer:

Rigging refers to different types of fraudulent activities that a political party or candidate indulges in
to increase their votes in order to increase their chance of winning an election.

Short Answers

1. Surekha is an officer in-charge of ensuring free and fair elections in an assembly constituency in a
state. Describe what should she focus on for each of the following stages of election

(a) Election campaign

(b) Polling day

(c) Counting day

Answer:

(a) Election campaign − For this, Surekha will have to focus on seeing that the candidates do not bribe
or threaten the voters; appeal to them in the name of caste or religion; use government resources for
election campaign, and spend more than 10 lakh rupees to fund their campaigns. In addition to this,
she will have to see that places of worship are not used for election propaganda; that ministers do
not use government vehicles for their campaign, and that they do not take major policy decisions
after the elections are announced.

(b) Polling day − For this, Surekha will have to ensure that incidents of rigging and booth capturing
do not take place

(c) Counting day − For this, Surekha will have to see that the agents of all the candidates are present
to ensure that counting is done properly.

2. The table below gives the proportion of different communities among the candidates who won
elections to the US Congress. Compare these to the proportion of these communities in the
population of the US. Based on this, would you suggest a system of reservations in the US Congress? If
yes, why and for which communities? If no, why not.
Proportion of the community (in per cent) in the

House of Representatives Population of US

Blacks 8 13
Hispanics 5 13
Whites 86 70

Answer:

Blacks and Hispanics ought to be given a reserve in the US Congress based on the percentage of each
group in the US population. Compared to Whites, they have a lower representation in the US
Congress.

3. What is the difference between a general election and a by-election?

Answer:

The basic term of Lok Sabha or the legislative assemblies of states in generally five years. The election
held in all the constituencies at an almost similar time to fill the seats after every five years is referred
to as the general election.

On the other hand, By-election happens in a single constituency when one or a few seats have to be
filled if a member dies or resigns from his post.

4. Explain two ways by which we can assure the quality of the electoral process.

Answer:

For an election to be truly called a democratic one, it is essential that it is conducted in a free and fair
manner. In India, the Election Commission is an independent and autonomous organization that
ensures this. It conducts open and transparent elections with the wide-ranging powers that it is
equipped with. Another parameter to assure the quality is voter turnout. If a maximum number of
people come to vote with enthusiasm, that means that the election process is just and fair to everyone
and all get the right to be a part of the electoral process.

5. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:

“A few days later, on a fixed date, all the EVMs from a constituency are opened and the votes secured
by each candidate are counted. The agents of all candidates are present there to ensure that the
counting is done properly. The candidate who secures the highest number of votes from a
constituency is declared elected. In a general election, usually the counting of votes in all the
constituencies takes place at the same time, on the same day.”

(a) What is an EVM?

(b) What is done to ensure that the process of counting votes is impartial?

(c) Does the candidate require more than 50% of votes to win an election?

Answer:

(a) The EVM (Electronic Voting Machine) is an electronic voting machine that records votes in
elections.
(b) To begin with, the EVM is a non-tamper-able device. Agents of candidates who ran for office, on
the other hand, are present in the counting booth to verify that the counting is done correctly and
impartially.

(c) No, the candidate needs to secure the maximum number of votes in order to win an election. The
votes need not be more than 50% necessarily.

Long Answers

1. Can we draw the following conclusions from the information given in this chapter? Give two facts
to support your position for each of these.

a) Election Commission of India does not have enough powers to conduct free and fair elections in
the country.

Answer: Election Commission of India have enough powers to conduct free and fair elections in the
country:

i. Election Commission has the authority to punish anyone who violates the code of conduct
for elections.
ii. During election times, the relevant authority reports to the election commission rather than
the government.

b) There is a high level of popular participation in the elections in our country.

Answer: Yes, because:

i. In recent years, the number of voters has increased dramatically.

ii. People have been more actively involved in election-related activities in recent years.

c) It is very easy for the party in power to win an election.

Answer: No, it is because

i. The ruling party has repeatedly lost elections several times

ii. The ruling party has previously lost elections despite extensive spending and campaigning

d) Many reforms are needed to make our elections completely free and fair.

Answer. Yes. The conclusion is true because

 i. Reforms will make it easier for small parties to contest fair elections without facing too many
obstacles.
ii. Trials in court must be completed quickly for contestants who are facing criminal charges. In
order to prevent actual criminals from applying and give honest individuals a fair chance.

2. Here are some reports of electoral malpractices from different parts of the world. Is there anything
that these countries can learn from India to improve their elections? What would you suggest in each
case?

a. During an election in Nigeria, the officer in charge of counting votes deliberately increased the
votes of one candidate and declared him elected. The court later found out that more than five
lakh votes cast for one candidate were counted in favour of another.
b. Just before elections in Fiji, a pamphlet was distributed warning voters that a vote for former
Prime Minister, Mahendra Chaudhry will lead to bloodshed. This was a threat to voters of Indian
origin.
c. In the US, each state has its own method of voting, its own procedure of counting and its own
authority for conducting elections. Authorities in the state of Florida took many controversial
decisions that favoured Mr. Bush in the presidential elections in 2000. But no one could change
those decisions.

Answer.

a. The representatives of each party that nominated candidates in the election should be present
on the day of vote counting to ensure a fair procedure. Nigeria should adopt this election rule that
is used in India.
b. The election commission in Fiji should establish an inquiry committee. The committee should
identify candidates or political parties through inquiries, and prohibit them from participating in
elections.
c. The US can have one election commission, similar to India, but it should be free of political
influence. the Commission that establishes regulations and ensures that elections are held fairly
across the nation.

3 . Here are some reports of malpractices in Indian elections. Identify what the problem in each case
is. What should be done to correct the situation?
 a. Following the announcement of elections, the minister promised to provide financial aid to
reopen the closed sugar mill.
b. Opposition parties alleged that their statements and campaign was not given due attention in
Doordarshan and All India Radio.
c. An inquiry by the Election Commission showed that electoral rolls of a state contain name of
20 lakh fake voters.
d. The hoodlums of a political party were moving with guns, physically preventing supporters of
other political parties to meet the voters and attacking meetings of other parties.

Answer.

a. According to the Code of Conduct, it is unlawful to declare policy decisions after the election
has been announced. A candidate must abide by the Code of Conduct during the election and must
stay away from making any promises. Therefore, in this case, the Election Commission should convey
to the minister about this.
b. All political parties must be given an equal chance to appear on Doordarshan and All India
Radio, according to the election commission. The EC takes action to stop the abuse of these media.
c. The presence of fake voters implies that the elections were pre-planned by the officials who
formed the electoral rolls, hence the Election Commission should declare re-elections.
d. The political party is scaring its opponents by using hoodlums. The party should be banned
from the elections, and the election commission should order the arrest of criminals

4. Ramesh was not in class when this chapter was being taught. He came the next day and repeated
what he had heard from his father. Can you tell Ramesh what is wrong with these statements?

a. Women always vote the way men tell them to. So what is the point of giving them the right to
vote?
b. Party politics creates tension in society. Elections should be decided by consensus not by
competition.
c. Only graduates should be allowed to stand as candidates for elections.

Answer:

a. An individual can cast a secret ballot for the party of his or her choice during elections. Women
are capable of making individual judgments and utilizing their right to vote.
b. Competition must be encouraged since it drives people to produce better work than their
peers, which is why it is so vital. Election competition ensures that candidates put up a lot of effort
into society.
c. It is not necessary to get a degree to comprehend the needs of the population and advocate
their interests. Therefore, it should be fair if a non-graduate wishes to run for election.

HOTS- Short Answer

1. What makes elections in India democratic? Explain

Answer:

 An Independent Election Commission: In our country, elections are conducted by an

independent and a very powerful Election Commission (EC). It enjoys the same kind of
independence that the judiciary enjoys. The Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) is appointed
by the President Of India. But once appointed, the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) is not
answerable to the President or the government. Even if the ruling party or the government
does not like what the Commission does, it is virtually impossible for it to remove the CEC.

 Popular Participation: In India, the poor, illiterate and underprivileged people vote in larger
proportion as compared to the rich and the privileged sections. This is in contrast to western
democracies. For example, in the United States of America, poor people, African-Americans
and Hispanics vote much less than the rich and the white people.

 Acceptance of election outcome: The outcome of India’s elections speaks for itself. The ruling
parties routinely lose elections in India, both at the national and the state levels. In fact, in
every two out of the three, elections held in the last fifteen years, the ruling party lost the
power.

HOTS- Long Answer

1. Explain the role of the Election Commission in free and fair elections.

Answer: Functions of the Election Commission of India:

 Allotment of Election Symbols: The political parties of national standing are allotted
permanent election symbols. These symbols help even an ordinary man to recognise the
different parties instantly.
 Preparation of Electoral Rolls: Electoral Rolls are prepared in which the name, father’s
name, age and sex of the voters are clearly mentioned.
 Delimitation of Constituencies: The whole area where elections are held, is divided into
so many clear-cut constituencies, so that flections are held in an organised way.
 Fixing the Election Dates: The Election date is announced so that the voters could easily
cast their votes on that particular date.
 Scrutiny (careful examination) of Nomination Papers: The candidates willing to contest
the elections have to file the nominations up to a particular date. Then the Election
Commission scrutinizes their papers and accepts or rejects the nomination papers as
the case: may be.
 Checking Undue Interference of the Party-in-Power: Important duty of the Election
Commission is to see that the party in power does in no way take an advantage over
other parties or individuals.
 DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL
DWARKA EXPRESSWAY, GURUGRAM
Academic Session: 2023-24
Grade- IX
Subject- Economics
Chapter-3 Electoral Politics
WORKSHEET
Multiple Choice Questions

1. On what basis do the voters generally choose their representatives?

a. They can choose who will make laws for them
b. They can choose who will form the government and take major decisions
c. They can choose the party whose policies will guide the government and law making
d. All

Very Short Answer Questions

1. How does a person file nomination paper?

2. What was the promise made by Chaudhary Devi Lal to the people of Haryana?
3. In a democracy the majority of people rule through their elected representatives. Give
reasons.
4. What is Voters’ List? What is its significance?
5. Who gave the slogan of “Garibi Hatao (Remove Party) and when?

Short Answer Questions

1. Write some of the important slogans given by different political parties in various
elections.
2. What is an election commission? Who appoints the Chief Election Commissioner and
how can he/she be removed?
3. Give three reasons why the system of reserved constituencies was introduced by the
constitution makers in India.
4. Mention any three provisions which makes Election Commission an independent body.
5. Why are the candidates required to give a detailed statement of their property and
other details?
Long Answer Questions

1. Describe the procedure of voting on polling day.

2. Describe the challenges to free and fair elections in India.
3. “Elections are thus all about political competition. This competition takes various
forms. The most obvious form is the competition among political parties. At the
constituency level, it takes the form of competition among several candidates. If there
is no competition, elections will become pointless.”
(a) What are the forms that this competition can acquire? (2 marks)
(b) What can be the demerits of such competition? (3 marks)

HOTS-Very Short Answer

1. Who appoints the Chief Election Commissioner?

HOTS- Short Answer

1. Elaborate the principle of Universal Adult Franchise.

 DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL
DWARKA EXPRESSWAY, GURUGRAM
Academic Session: 2023-24
Grade- IX
Subject- Economics
Chapter-3 Electoral Politics
QUESTION BANK
1. On what basis do the voters generally choose their representatives?
e. They can choose who will make laws for them
f. They can choose who will form the government and take major decisions
g. They can choose the party whose policies will guide the government and law making
h. All

2. For Lok Sabha elections, the country is divided into …….number of constituencies?
a. 544
b. 534
c. 543
d. 541

3. The Congress party gave the slogan of Garibi Hatao (Remove poverty) in the Lok Sabha
elections in the year…..?
a. 1971
b. 1977
c. 1981
d. 1965

4. Constituencies called ‘wards’ are made for the election to

a. Parliament
b. State Legislative Assembly
c. State Legislative Council
d. Panchayats and municipal bodies

5. What are the details the candidates have to give in the legal declaration before
contesting the elections?
a. Serious criminal cases pending against them
b. Details of assets and liabilities of the candidate and his or her family
c. Educational qualification of the candidate
d. All the above

6. Match the Following

Column A Column B
a. Electoral Roll i.Vote
b. Nomination Form ii.Voter’s List
 c.Electronic Voting Machine iii.Holder of an office
d.Incumbent iv.Security deposit
a. A-i; B-ii, C-iii; D-iv
b. A-ii; B-iv; C-i; D-iii
c. A-iii; B-i; C-iv; D-ii
d. A-iv; B-iii; C-ii; D-i

Very Short Answer Questions

1. How does a person file nomination paper?

2. What was the promise made by Chaudhary Devi Lal to the people of Haryana?
3. In a democracy the majority of people rule through their elected representatives. Give
reasons.
4. What is Voters’ List? What is its significance?
5. Who gave the slogan of “Garibi Hatao (Remove Party) and when?
6. What is a ballot paper?
7. What is the main purpose of election?
8. What is Election Photo Identity Card?

Short Answer Questions

1. Write some of the important slogans given by different political parties in various elections.
2. What is an election commission? Who appoints the Chief Election Commissioner and how can
he/she be removed?
3. How are polls conducted in India?
4. Give three reasons why the system of reserved constituencies was introduced by the
constitution makers in India.
5. How is campaigning done for elections held in India?

Long Answer Questions

1. Describe the procedure of voting on polling day.

2. How can we check the quality of election process?
3. Describe the challenges to free and fair elections in India.