Place & How to arrive.
Aim
Persons
Timetable
15 hours / 5 days = 5 hours / day.
30 min.
Ask Questions
What is the OFF SCHOOL ?
OFF SCHOOL = Oil Field Familiarisation
Course
ABC Oil Field.
For who?
Everybody belongs to the oil field
New Hires
Office employees
Fresh Graduates
Geology Introduction
What is Geology
It is the science of the Earth.
Branches:
Petroleum, Structural, Mineralogy, ---etc
Rock Types:
Sedimentary, Igneous & Metamorphic.
Sedimentary rocks are the most
important sources (as shale) &
reservoirs (as sandstone).
Petroleum Geology
What are Hydrocarbons?
Chemically: Hydrocarbons are organic
compounds which have “C” & “H”.
Hydrocarbons are the main components of oil &
gas.
How does oil present?
An organic matter (as plants, algae,…) buried
under ground. This organic matter decays
under high pressure and temperature to
kerogen ( The primary oil material )
Where we can find oil?
Oil presents in special rock types which called
reservoirs after migration from the source
rock.
Terminology
SourceRock: Rock which reach with
organic matter. Ex.: Shale
Reservoir:Rock which has effective
porosity. Ex.: Sandstone
CapRock: An impermeable rock to be
above source rock inhibiting migration
Trap: May be Structural (Fault, fold, ...)
or stratigraphical (Sand lenses)
Porosity and Permeability
Porosity: is the amount of void space in a
rock.
Permeability:is the degree of
interconnectivity of these voids (pores).
Rig Types & Rig Components
Rig Types:
Onshore (Land) Rigs Offshore Rigs
Barges / Tenders Jack-Up
Semi-Submersible Drill Ship Platform / Fixed
Rig Types & Rig Components
Rig Components
1- Hoisting System.
2- Rotating System.
3- Circulating System.
4- Blowout Prevention
System (BOP).
5- Motion Compensation
System.
Hoisting System
Components:
• Derrick or Mast
• Crown Block – Sheaves
• Traveling Block
• Hook (Kelly Systems)
• Drill Line
• Draw works
• Deadline Anchor
Rotating System
Components:
• Top Drive
• Kelly & Swivel Top Drive
- Kelly Drive Bushing
- Master Bushing
- Rotary Table (RKB)
• Drill String
- Drill Bits Swivel
- Drill Collars
- Drill Pipe & HWDP
- Subs & Stabilizers
Kelly
Drill Bits
Two Main Types
Roller Cone Bits (Tri-Cone Bits) Fixed Cutters Bits
Two types depending on how the teeth Made mainly from diamond and divided
are manufactured: into three types:
Milled-Tooth Bits Tungsten Carbide Diamond Bits Polycrystalline Thermally
Steel teeth have Insert (TCI) Bits Natural diamond (PDC) Bits Stable
been milled on (Insert Bits) Synthetic Polycrystalline
The cones Tungsten carbide diamond ( TSP) Bits
inserts are pressed Thermally
into the cones Resistant
PDC.
Miscellaneous Rig Floor Equipment
• Slips • Spinning Wrench • Tongs • Mud Box
Circulating System
Components:
• Mud Pits
(Suction-Intermediate-Settling)
• Mud Pumps
(Duplex-Triplex)
• Standpipe
• Rotary Hose
• Gooseneck
• Flowline
• Mud Cleaning Equipment
- shakers - sand trap
- Degassers
- desanders & desilters
Blowout Prevention System
(BOP) Components:
• Annular Preventor
• Pipe Rams
• Blind Rams
• Shear Rams
• Kill Line
• Choke Line
• Remote BOP Controls
Motion Compensation System
Restricted to floating rigs only - drill ships and semi-submersibles.
3 Basic types:
• Drillstring Compensator • Marine Riser • Telescopic or Slip Joint
(Heave Compensators) - A large diameter pipe - Located at the top of the
- Mounted between the that connects the subsea marine riser to compensate
BOP’s to a floater. for the vertical motion of the
hook and the traveling - It provides a path for rig.
block to nullify the effects the drilling fluid, from the
of rig heave on the drill- borehole to the rig.
- To guide the drillstring
string or other hook-
and other tools to the Telescopic joint
supported equipment wellhead on the sea floor.
Moon pool
Rig Operations
• Drilling
-Vertical -Directional -Horizontal
Angle=0-3 Angle=3-90 Angle=90
Directional drilling is made using motors.
• Why we drill directional?
- Development work on platforms
- Fault Drilling
- Drilling in inaccessible or populated areas
- Sidetracking and Straightening
- Salt Dome Drilling
- Relief Wells
Rig Operations
• Tripping • Logging
Types: • Logging while drilling (LWD)
- Tripping In • Wireline Logging
- Tripping Out
• Fishing
Purposes:
- Long Trip ( To surface): To Change bit,
for casing, …etc • Coring
- Short Trip: Condition Trip, wiper trip…
• Casing • Completion
- Conductor
- Surface Casing
• Rig Move
- Intermediate Casing
- Linertvd
• Cement
Personnel on The Rig-site
• Company Representatives • Rig Crew • Service
- Company Man (Company Rep.) - OIM - Mud Engineer
- Drilling Engineer - Tool Pusher - Mud Logger
- Geologist - Night Pusher - MWD/LWD
- Driller - Directional Engineer
- Ass. Driller - Coring Engineer
- Derrick Man - Cementer
- Floor Men - Casing Operator
- Roustabout - Wireline Operator
- Electrician - Catering Staff
- Mechanic
- Camp boss
- Material Man
- Radio Operator
- Safety Engineer
Drilling
Types:
Fluids Properties:
Functions:
• Water-Base Mud 1- Remove drilled cuttings • Mud Weight (MWT)
Consisted basically around bit from the Measured using mud balance.
borehole and carry them Units: ppg , pcf
from water with to the surface (VIS). • Funnel Viscosity (VIS)
other Chemicals. 2- Suspend cuttings when Measured using Marsh Funnel
Units: Sec/qt
circulation is stopped (Gel).
• Gel Strength (Gel)
• Oil-Base Mud 3- Control subsurface
Measured using “Fan VG Meter”
Contains oil as Pressures (MWT).
Units: lbs/100ft2
4- Prevent caving the
basic component • Plastic Viscosity (PV)
borehole (MWT).
with other chemicals. 5- Clean, cool and lubricate
• Yield Point (YP)
the drill bit and Drillstring.
6- Seal porous and
• Air • Water Loss
permeable zones with an
Rarely to use. impermeable filter cake.
• Solid %
7- Provide maximum
information from the
• Sand%
formation drilled
