International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 11 Issue: 11 | Nov 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

IoT-Enabled Smart Weather Station for Real-Time Environmental

Monitoring and Data Visualization
Atharva Suhas Kulkarni1,

1Student, Dept of E&TC Engineering, Pimpri Chinchwad College Of Engineering, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - This study presents the development and ThingSpeak IoT platform. The ThingSpeak interface
implementation of an Arduino-based weather station enables users to access live data and graphical
leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) technology for real-time visualizations from anywhere in the world using
environmental monitoring. The system is designed to smartphones or laptops. This system's ability to post data
measure and log critical weather parameters, including online in real time enhances accessibility and usability,
temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and rainfall making it a practical tool for individuals and industries
detection, using sensors such as the DHT22, FC37, and alike.[2][3]
BMP180. The data collected is transmitted via an ESP-01
(ESP8266) Wi-Fi module to the ThingSpeak IoT platform, With applications ranging from agricultural monitoring
enabling remote access to real-time weather information to maintaining optimal conditions in controlled
from anywhere in the world. The weather station is environments, the proposed Weather Station highlights the
particularly suited for applications in agriculture, disaster transformative potential of IoT in modern weather
management, and controlled environments such as monitoring systems. By addressing the limitations of
industrial and residential areas, where continuous traditional offline systems and manual monitoring, this
monitoring of climatic conditions is essential. The recorded project not only simplifies weather data collection but also
data not only supports real-time decision-making but also empowers users with actionable insights for better
aids in analysing weather patterns and studying climate decision-making in real-time scenarios.[4][5]
changes. This implementation highlights the potential of
integrating IoT with microcontroller-based systems to create 2. SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS
cost-effective, accessible, and reliable weather monitoring
This section presents the key components of the system,
solutions.
detailing their specifications and roles in the overall
Key Words: Arduino Weather Station, IoT-based design.
Environmental Monitoring, Real-time Data Logging,
ThingSpeak Cloud Integration, Sensor Data
2.1 Arduino UNO R3
Visualization. The Arduino UNO R3 serves as the central
microcontroller for this project. It is an open-source
1.INTRODUCTION
prototyping board featuring an ATmega328P
Weather monitoring is an essential aspect of various microcontroller, offering both 5V and 3.3V output voltage
domains, including agriculture, disaster management, and options. It supports input power through USB or a coaxial
environmental studies, where timely and accurate data is cable connected to an external power source.
critical. Traditional satellite-based weather systems, while
• Operating Voltage: 5V
effective on a broad scale, often fail to deliver precise,
• Recommended Input Voltage: 7–12V
localized, and real-time data needed for specific
• Input Voltage Range (limits): 6–20V
applications. This gap becomes particularly challenging in
• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (6 PWM outputs)
scenarios that demand immediate action, such as managing
• Analog Input Pins: 6
agricultural resources during extreme weather or
maintaining controlled environments like indoor facilities. 2.2 DHT22 Sensor
To address this issue, the Arduino-based Weather Station
presented in this study provides a cost-effective and The DHT22 is a low-cost, high-accuracy sensor used for
efficient solution for real-time weather monitoring.[1][2] measuring temperature and humidity. It includes a
The system integrates multiple sensors, including the polymer humidity capacitor and a DS18B20 temperature
DHT22 for temperature and humidity, BMP180 for sensor.
atmospheric pressure, and FC37 for rainfall detection.
These sensors collect environmental data, which is
transmitted using an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to the

© 2024, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.315 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 392
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 11 | Nov 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

• Power Supply: 3.3V–6V DC • Measuring This setup enables users to access live data and insights
Range: from anywhere in the world, making it a versatile and
o Humidity: 0–100% RH o Temperature: - accessible solution for real-time weather monitoring.
40°C–125°C
• Accuracy: 3.1 Block Diagram
o Humidity: ±2% o Temperature:
The block diagram below represents the overall
±0.2°C architecture of the weather monitoring system. It outlines
• Sensing Period: ~2 seconds the relationships between the key components: the
sensors, microcontroller, Wi-Fi module, and the cloud
2.3 Barometric Pressure/Temperature/Altitude
platform (ThingSpeak) for data visualization.
Sensor
The BMP180 sensor measures barometric pressure and
temperature and can also be used as an altimeter due to
the correlation between pressure and altitude.

• Input Voltage: 3–5V DC

• Pressure Range: 300–1100 hPa (9000m to -500m
altitude)
• Resolution: Up to 0.03 hPa / 0.25m
• Operational Range: -40°C to +85°C
• Temperature Accuracy: ±2°C

2.4 FC-37 Rain Sensor Module

The FC-37 is used for rain detection. It consists of a Fig- 1: Block Diagram of Weather Monitoring System
nickelplated rain board and a sensitivity-adjustable
potentiometer. The block diagram illustrates the integration of three
different sensors used to monitor key weather parameters:
• Dimensions: 5cm x 4cm temperature, humidity, rain, and atmospheric pressure.
• Working Voltage: 5V These sensors collect real-time environmental data, which
• Output: Digital (0 and 1) and Analog Voltage (AO) is then processed and analyzed to provide an accurate
• Features: Anti-oxidation and long operational life representation of the current weather conditions. The
system is controlled by the Arduino UNO microcontroller,
2.5 ESP-01 ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module which processes the sensor data, while the ESP-01
(ESP8266) Wi-Fi module enables the transmission of this
The ESP-01 module adds Wi-Fi capability to the system, data to the ThingSpeak IoT platform. Through this setup,
enabling data transmission to the ThingSpeak platform. It weather information is displayed and made accessible
can operate as a serial-to-Wi-Fi bridge or as a standalone remotely via the ThingSpeak platform.
processor.
3.2 Simulation and Software Tools
• Baud Rate: 115200 bps
• Peak Current Draw: ~300mA In this project, the main circuit design and simulation
• Flash Memory: 1MB were done using Proteus software. The code for the
• Wi-Fi Security Modes: WPA, WPA2 Arduino was written, verified, and uploaded using Arduino
• Dimensions: 24.75mm x 14.5mm IDE.

3. METHODOLOGY
Weather stations are systems equipped with various
sensors to measure key environmental parameters such as
temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and rainfall.
These parameters are critical for monitoring and analyzing
weather conditions in real time. The proposed weather
station collects data through its sensors and transmits it to
the ThingSpeak IoT platform, where the information is
stored and visualized.

© 2024, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.315 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 393
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 11 | Nov 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

The flowchart below illustrates the operational

sequence of the weather monitoring system. The
temperature, pressure, and rain sensors are connected to
the Arduino UNO, which collects data from each sensor.
The Arduino processes this sensor data and sends it to the
ESP8266 ESP-01 Wi-Fi module. The ESP8266 module then
transmits the data to the ThingSpeak cloud platform,
where it is visualized in real-time through dynamically
updated graphs. This setup allows users to monitor
weather conditions remotely and track environmental
parameters continuously.

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The weather monitoring system was successfully
implemented using a combination of Arduino-based
hardware and a suite of sensors to measure key
Fig-2: Proteus Simulation Circuit Design environmental parameters, including temperature,
humidity, atmospheric pressure, and rainfall. These
The Proteus software was used not only for circuit design
sensors, connected to an Arduino Uno microcontroller, sent
but also for simulating the complete system, ensuring that
real-time data to the ThingSpeak IoT platform via the
all components function as expected before implementing
ESP01 (ESP8266) Wi-Fi module. This allowed for seamless
them in hardware.
visualization of the data through interactive, real-time
graphs, enabling remote monitoring and analysis of the
3.3 Flowchart
weather conditions.
The following flowchart depicts the step-by-step process
of the weather monitoring system, showcasing how the 4.1 Data Visualization
data flows from the sensors to the cloud platform. It
The data presented in the following section were
demonstrates the sequence of operations, starting from
collected in real-time through the weather monitoring
data collection by the sensors to the transmission of that
system, leveraging the ThingSpeak IoT platform for
data via the Wi-Fi module to ThingSpeak for real-time
visualization. The results highlight key environmental
visualization.
parameters, including temperature, humidity, atmospheric
pressure, and rainfall, as measured by the sensors
connected to the Arduino Uno and transmitted via the
ESP8266 Wi-Fi module.

Fig -4: Visualization of Temperature, Humidity, Pressure,

Fig -3: System Workflow for Data Collection and and Rainfall Data from ThingSpeak
Transmission

© 2024, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.315 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 394
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 11 | Nov 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

• Temperature: The graph displays temperature The dynamic graphs demonstrate the system’s capability
fluctuations over time, as measured by the DHT22 for continuous monitoring and remote access to weather
sensor. The X-axis represents the time intervals, data. The integration of IoT with weather monitoring
while the Y-axis shows the temperature in degrees provides a cost-effective solution with applications in
Celsius. The graph demonstrates the real-time agriculture, disaster management, and environmental
fluctuations in temperature, with noticeable peaks research. This project illustrates the potential of open-
and dips corresponding to varying environmental source technologies to offer scalable solutions for real-time
conditions throughout the day. These temperature data collection and analysis. Future work could focus on
changes are essential for understanding local improving sensor accuracy and expanding the system's
weather patterns and can be used to make capabilities for broader environmental applications.
informed decisions in fields such as agriculture
and disaster management. REFERENCES
• Humidity: The second graph presents the relative [1] Kutubuddin Kazi ,“Arduino-Based Weather Monitoring
humidity levels, also recorded by the DHT22 System”, December 2023,
sensor. The Y-axis in this graph shows the relative https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3766489
humidity percentage, while the X-axis represents
the time intervals. 32_Arduino-Based_Weather_Monitoring_System

• The graph reveals a dynamic change in humidity [2] Temilola M. Adepoju, 1Matthias O. Oladele,
levels, reflecting the interaction between 2Abdulwakil A. Kasali, and 1Gbenga J. Fabiyi,
temperature and moisture in the air. Sudden “Development of a Low-Cost Arduino-Based Weather
increases or decreases in humidity often correlate
with changes in temperature, highlighting the Station”, 21-AUG-2020,
interdependence of these two parameters. http://dx.doi.org/10.46792/fuoyejet.v5i2.508

• Atmospheric Pressure: The BMP180 sensor [3] Hakan Uçgun, Zeynep Kubra Kaplan “Arduino based
recorded atmospheric pressure data, which is weather forecasting station”, November 2017, DOI:
essential for understanding weather trends. The 10.1109/UBMK.2017.8093397
graph indicates fluctuations in pressure, which can
be attributed to various environmental factors [4] Hardeep Saini, Abhishek Thakur, Satinderpar Ahuja,
such as weather systems and altitude. Atmospheric Nitant Sabharwal, Naveen Kumar, “Arduino based
pressure plays a critical role in predicting weather automatic wireless weather station with remote
changes, and this data can help forecast storm graphical application and alerts”, 15 September 2016,
systems and other weather phenomena, making it DOI: 10.1109/SPIN.2016.7566768
valuable for meteorological and agricultural
applications. [5] Suvinraj S, Rajesh Kumar G , Manish, Venkatesh S , Dr.
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• Rainfall: The FC-37 rain sensor outputs binary data ARDUINO”, September 2023, IJPREMS Vol. 03, Issue 09,
indicating the presence or absence of rainfall. the pp: 540-545.
Y-axis shows the rainfall intensity and the X-axis
represents time. This graph demonstrates the
presence or absence of rainfall at different times,
with clear spikes indicating periods of rain. The
rain sensor used in the system is highly sensitive
and provides accurate data, crucial for weather
forecasting and applications in agriculture, where
water availability is critical.

5. CONCLUSION
This project successfully developed an Arduino-based
Weather Station to monitor temperature, humidity,
atmospheric pressure, and rainfall in real-time. Using
sensors like the DHT22, BMP180, and FC-37, along with
the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, the system collected data and
sent it to the ThingSpeak IoT platform for visualization.

© 2024, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.315 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 395