Plumbing
Plumbing
is a piping system that conveys sewage or liquid waste to         Sanitary Drainage System
an approved disposal point. It should be designed and
installed for reliable function, using materials, fittings, and
connections regulated by codes and standards.
sometimes referred to as sewage is used water comes               Wastewater
from almost all sections of the building Including the
bathrooms kitchen and laundry areas.
ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF SANITARY BUILDING SYSTEM                  Traps
(8)                                                               Interceptors
                                                                  Fixture branches
                                                                  Stacks
                                                                  Building drain and sewer
                                                                  Sanitary sewer main
                                                                  Vents
                                                                  Cleanouts
is a u-shaped pipe that catches and holds a small quantity        Traps
of waste water that is poured down a fixture drain. The
trapped water prevents gases resulting from waste water
decomposition from entering the building through the
drain pipes and the fixture.
TYPES OF TRAPS (5)/ (9)                                           P trap
                                                                  S trap
                                                                  Q trap
                                                                  Floor trap
                                                                  Gully trap
                                                                  Running trap
                                                                  Bell trap
                                                                  Intercepting trap
                                                                  Grease trap
exit into the wall behind the sink the traps are made from        P trap
upvc or cast-iron sheets this drop also has a water seal and
prevents entry of fall gases to the
This trap is used in toilet underwater closet it is almost        Q trap
similar to the s-trap and is used in the upper story other
than the ground floor.
This strap is usually used with siphoning pipe it is similar to   S trap
the p-trap and is used for fixing water closets in toilets.
is installed on the floor to collect wastewater from the          Foor trap
bathroom, wash zone, washbowl, and kitchen sinks, among
other places.
These traps are built outside the building to carry               Gully trap
wastewater discharge from wash basins, sinks, and
bathrooms.
A passive device in a plumbing system that separates and          Interceptor
retains substances like oil, hair, sand, wax, or debris from
wastewater before it enters the sewer line, preventing
blockages, backups, and contamination that complicates
and increases the cost of treatment.
Each plumbing fixture is connected horizontally to the          Fixture branch
sanitary drainage system by a drain line called a fixture
branch. Branch piping which serves urinals water closets
showers or tubs is usually run under the floor.
Branch piping may be: (4)                                       Copper
                                                                Approved plastic
                                                                Galvanized steel
                                                                Cast-iron
The fixture branches feed into a vertical pipe referred to as   Stack
2 kinds of stacks                                               Soil stack
                                                                Waste stack
Is when the waste water that the stock will carry includes      Soil stack
human waste from water closets or from fixtures that have
similar functions.
Is when the stock will carry all what waste except human        Waste stack
waste
the soil or waste stocks feed into a main horizontal pipe.      Building drain
By definition, the building drain extends to a point two to
five feet outside the foundation wall of the building.
is an extension of the building drain that carries waste        Building sewer
water from the building drain to a community sanitary
sewer main or an individual onsite sewage treatment
system.
It is a pipe through which the waste water flows as it is       Sanitary sewer main
conveyed from a building to the wastewater treatment
plant. Typically, the minimum size of a community sanitary
sewer main for a gravity-based system should be 8 inches
in diameter.
These are pipes that allow enough amount of air into the        Vents
drainage system which help in reducing air turbulence
from (siphoning or back pressure) also in releasing sewer
gases outside the system. Vent piping may be copper,
plastic, cast iron or steel.
Types of venting method (3)                                     Individual venting
                                                                Common venting
                                                                Wet venting
One fixture, one vent                                           Individual venting
Two fixtures, one vent                                          Common venting
All fixture, one vent                                           Wet venting
are screw-type fittings with a cap that can unscrew to          Cleanouts
allow access to the inside of sanitary drain pipes.
2 types of cleanouts                                            Floor cleanouts
                                                                Wall cleanouts
G4 DOMESTIC WATER HEATING
is the process of warming water for personal use within a        Domestic water heating
residential or commercial setting.
WATER HEATING METHODS (4)                                        Storage tank water heaters
                                                                 Tankless water heaters
                                                                 Heat pump water heaters
                                                                 Solar water heaters
are the most commonly used type of water heater for              Storage tank water heaters
homes. In these systems, heated water is held in a tank so
that a certain quantity of hot water is available at any time.
are heaters that heat flowing water and thus do not              Tankless Water Heaters
require a storage tank. The water is heated only when
needed, this increases efficiency by eliminating standby
losses.
use electricity and take heat from the air and move it to        Heat Pump Water Heaters
the water instead of converting electricity directly to heat.
These systems make use of solar collectors, a circulating        Solar water heaters
pump, as well as storage tanks. These are usually used to
preheat water, using a conventional heater after
ELECTRIC WATER HEATER COMPONENTS (9)                             Heater tank and insulation
                                                                 Cold water inlet and dip tube
                                                                 Hot water outlet
                                                                 Resistor/heating elements
                                                                 Thermostat
                                                                 Air bleed
                                                                 Temperature/pressure relief valve
                                                                 Sacrificial anode
                                                                 Drain valve
The tank is surrounded by insulation to reduce the amount        Heater tank and insulation
of heat that is lost to the surrounding air, thereby
increasing its efficiency.
Cold water is fed to the water heater via the cold-water         Cold water inlet and dip tube
inlet, flowing through the dip tube to the very bottom of
the tank.
Once the water in the tank is heated, it leaves the tank via     Hot water outlet
the______. Will also have its own valve so that the water
heater can be hydraulically isolated; this is achieved by
closing the inlet and outlet valves on the water heater.
The heating elements are installed perpendicular to the          Resistor/heating elements
length of the tank. Each heating element consists of an
electrical resistor housed within a heat-conducting tube
and connected to an external electrical supply
used to control the temperature of the water in the tank; it     Thermostat
achieves this by controlling when the heating elements are
turned on and off.
used to release air from the tank; for example, after            Air Bleed
maintenance has been conducted.
will open if the water in the tank reaches too high a            Temperature/pressure relief valve
temperature, or, if over-pressurization occurs (the
pressure becomes too high). In either of these
circumstances, the valve opens and releases water through
a drainpipe.
The anode corrodes over time, preventing galvanic                Sacrificial Anode
corrosion occurring on more vital -and expensive- metal
surfaces.
used to drain water from the tank, for example, when             Drain Valve
maintenance needs to be conducted.
bring fresh, clean water into a home from an external         Potable Water Supply System
source.
remove waste water and sewage from houses, preventing         Sanitary Drainage System
contamination and maintaining hygiene.
are designed to manage and direct rainwater and melting       Storm Water Drainage System
snow away from urban areas, such as streets, parking lots,
and buildings, to prevent flooding and erosion.
are fundamental to the performance, safety, and efficiency    Basic Plumbing Materials
of plumbing systems. Their proper selection and use are
vital for maintaining a reliable and effective plumbing
infrastructure.
BASIC PLUMBING MATERIALS (7)                                  Pipes
                                                              Valve
                                                              Plumbing Tape
                                                              Seals and Gaskets
                                                              Clamps and Supports
                                                              Fittings
                                                              Fixtures
Installed under the sink to shred food waste for drainage.      Garbage disposal
BATHROOM FIXTURES: (3)                                          Toilet
                                                                Bathtub
                                                                Shower
A fixture for disposing of human waste, connected to both       Toilet
water supply and sewage/drainage system.
Used for bathing and connected to both hot and cold             Bathtub
water supplies, with a drain for wastewater.
Criteria set by the National Drinking Water Standards: (2)   a. No artesians, deep or shallow well shall
                                                             be constructed within 25 meters from any
                                                             source of pollution.
                                                             b. No person charged with the
                                                             management of a public water supply
                                                             system shall permit any physical
                                                             connection between its distribution,
                                                             system and that of any other water supply,
                                                             unless the latter is regularly examined as to
                                                             its quality by those in charge of the public
                                                             supply to which the connection is made
                                                             and found to be safe and potable.
Outlines specific regulations to ensure that food            The Philippine Code of Sanitation
establishments maintain high standards of cleanliness and
hygiene through adequate sanitary facilities and proper
waste disposal.
Food establishments must obtain the necessary permits        Licensing permit and requirements
and licenses from local health authorities before
commencing operations. This ensures that they meet all
regulatory requirements from the start and continue to
comply with health and safety standards.
are crucial components of food safety and hygiene in food    Sanitary Facilities and Waste Disposal
establishments. They involve the provision of clean
handwashing stations and restrooms, efficient waste
management systems, and effective pest control
measures, all of which contribute to a safe and healthy
environment for food preparation and consumption
SANITARY FACILITIES AND WASTE DISPOSAL (4)                    Handwashing Stations
                                                              Waste Disposal
                                                              Restrooms
                                                              Grease Traps
Must be conveniently located, supplied with soap, and         Handwashing Stations
equipped with sanitary drying facilities to encourage
proper hand hygiene among staff.
Proper containers with lids must be provided for waste        Waste disposal
collection, and waste must be regularly removed from food
preparation and storage areas to prevent pest attraction
and contamination.
Clean, well-maintained, and adequately supplied               Restrooms
restrooms must be available for both staff and customers.
Must be installed in kitchens to prevent grease from          Grease traps
entering the drainage system and causing blockages or
contamination.
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS (3)                                   Temperature control
                                                              Cross-contamination prevention
                                                              Hygienic practices
Foods must be stored at appropriate temperatures to           Temperature control
prevent spoilage and bacterial growth. Refrigerators and
freezers must be regularly monitored to ensure they are
functioning correctly
Raw and cooked foods must be stored separately to             Cross-contamination prevention
prevent cross-contamination. Equipment and surfaces
should be cleaned and sanitized regularly
Staff must follow proper hygiene practices, including         Hygienic practices
wearing clean uniforms, using hair restraints, and avoiding
direct hand contact with food by using gloves or utensils.
School Sanitation and Health Services                         Foreign schools
Section 1 - These implementing rules and regulations shall    Technical / Vocational Schools
apply to:                                                     Special Training or Trade Schools Training
                                                              Centers
                                                              Day Care or Child Care Centers
                                                              Nursery, Kindergarten Schools and
                                                              Children’s Institution
With the exemption of:                                        Sunday Schools
                                                              Dancing and Music Schools
                                                              Physical Fitness and Slimmer Schools
                                                              Massage Schools
                                                              Embalming Schools
                                                              Martial Arts and Yoga Schools Swimming
                                                              Schools and Scuba-Diving Schools
Sanitary Permit                                               1. No person or entity shall operate an
                                                              establishment mentioned in Section 1
                                                               without a sanitary permit issued by the
                                                               local health officer.
                                                               2. Any extension, additional construction
                                                               or alteration of the establishment shall
                                                               require a new sanitary permit before it
                                                               could be operated.
Record of Sanitary Permit                                      1. Every city/municipality shall keep a
                                                               record of all establishments which have
                                                               been issued sanitary permits and renewal
                                                               thereof.
SANITARY FACILITIES AND REQUIREMENTS (5)                       Toilet facilities
                                                               Hand washing facilities
                                                               Water supply
                                                               Food establishment
                                                               Sewage disposal and drainage