PARTICLE SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
CH19441
IV SEMESTER
ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-2023
COURSE INCHARGE
Dr.G.VIJAYARAGHAVAN
1/27/2023 1
COURSE OBJECTIVE:
• To learn the characterization of solids and size reduction techniques
• To gain the knowledge on various separation processes such as solid-solid
separation, Fluid-solid separation and Mechanical-physical separation.
• To select the appropriate separation technique or equipment based on nature
of the solution or size of the particles.
• To expose to calculation and machinery involved in various solid handling
operations
• To introduce nano-technological aspects.
TEXT BOOKS
1. McCabe, W.L., Smith, J.C., and Harriot, P., “Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering”, VII Edition.,
McGraw-Hill, 2017.
2. Badger W.L. and Banchero J.T., “Introduction to Chemical Engineering”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2001.
3. Foust, A. S., Wenzel, L.A., Clump, C.W., Naus, L., and Anderson, L.B., “Principles of Unit Operations”, 2nd
Edn., John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
4. Coulson, J.M. and Richardson, J.F., “Chemical Engineering” Vol. I, VI Edition., Asian Books Pvt. Ltd., India,
1999.
COURSE OUTCOME
i. Ability to characterize particles and perform experiments determine its size.
ii. Will be able to calculate and experiment the power required by various solid handling
equipment’s.
iii. Will be able to select the appropriate separation technique or equipment based on nature
of the solution or size of the particles and perform experiments to determine its
efficiency.
iv. Ability to identify various filtration equipment’s in process industries and will be able to
calculate time taken for filtration process and carry out experiments to determine
filtration characteristics.
v. Will be aware of various techniques involved in the synthesis of nano-materials.
SYLLABUS
UNIT CH 19301 HOURS
UNIT I SIZE ANALYSIS AND SIZE REDUCTION General characteristics
of solids, different techniques of size analysis, shape factor, surface area
determination, estimation of particle size. Screening methods and equipment,
screen efficiency, ideal and actual screens. Laws of size reduction, energy 9
1
relationships in size reduction, methods of size reduction, classification of
equipment, crushers, grinders, power requirement, work index; size
enlargement - principle of granulation, briquetting, pelletisation, and
flocculation.
UNIT II MECHANICAL SEPARATIONS 9
Gravity settling, sedimentation, thickening, elutriation, double cone classifier,
rake classifier, bowl classifier. Centrifugal separation - continuous centrifuges,
2 super centrifuges, design of basket centrifuges; industrial dust removing 9
equipment, cyclones and hydro cyclones, electrostatic and magnetic
separators, heavy media separations, floatation, jigging.
UNIT III FILTRATION
Theory of filtration, Batch and continuous filters, Flow through filter cake and filter media,
3 compressible and incompressible filter cakes, filtration equipment's - selection, operation
and design of filters and optimum cycle of operation, filter aids.
UNIT IV MIXING, AGITATION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION
Mixing and agitation - Mixing of liquids (with or without solids), mixing of powders,
4 selection of suitable mixers, power requirement for mixing. Storage and Conveying of solids 9
- Bunkers, silos, bins and hoppers, transportation of solids in bulk, conveyer selection,
different types of conveyers and their performance characteristics.
UNIT V SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF NANOPARTICLES
Synthesis of Nanoparticles – Chemical and physical processing methods, Characteristics of
5 Nanoparticles – FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM - Applications - 9
Introduction
• Solids appear in variety of forms like angular pieces, continuous sheets and
finely divided powder.
• They may be hard and abrasive, tough and rubbery, soft (or) fragile, dusty,
cohesive, free flowing and sticky.
• They are characterized by size, shape, density and colour.
• Homogenous particles have same density.
• Size and shape are easily specified for regular particles like sphere and cubes.
• For irregular particles like sand, grains etc., size and shape are not clear and are
defined as shape factor or sphericity.
• Shape of an individual particle is conveniently expressed in term of which is
independent of particle size
• Every chemical industry deals with chemicals in the solid state.
• For example for Sulphuric acid is produced from solid sulfur, Phosphoric acid is
produced from phosphate rock, Sodium hydroxide is produced from sodium
chloride.
• And the solid materials used in chemical industries are not found in the phase in
which we wanted.
What is Particle Science/Mechanical
Operations?
• Mechanical operation is a set of operations that are carried out on solid
materials to get them in the desired phase.
Mechanical operations involve size reduction of solid, separation of
solids, purification of solids, and much more.
List of Mechanical Operations
• Here is a list of mechanical operations generally used in industries:
Transportation
• Screening
• Size reduction
• Filtration
• Clarification
• Mixing
Thank You !
