CALYPSO

Option 01
CALYPSO curve

Operating Instructions
The design and delivered components of the CMM, its options, the pro-
gram packages, and the relevant documentation are subject to change.
This manual must not be circulated or copied, or its contents utilized and
disseminated, without our express written permission. Persons misusing
this manual are subject to prosecution.
All rights reserved, especially in cases of granting a patent or registering
a utility model.
This manual is subject to modification. All rights pertaining to changes in
the CMM and its options reserved.
All product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of the corre-
sponding proprietors.
Although utmost care has been taken in preparing the information given
in this manual, we cannot assume any liability for its completeness and
correctness, except in case of willful intent.

CALYPSO
Version 2021
Operating Instructions
2021-04-29
61212-2711902
Table of contents

Preface

Information about these operating instructions .................. Preface 1

Configuration of safety instructions .................................... Preface 3

Chapter 1 CALYPSO curve (option)

Basics about curve measurement .................................................. 1-2

Introduction to Curve Measurement (option).......................................................... 1-2
Definition and display of curves.............................................................................. 1-2
Performing curve measurement.............................................................................. 1-4

Defining the Curve feature ............................................................ 1-5

Options for defining curves .................................................................................... 1-5
2D curves, 3D curves and lift curves – differences................................................... 1-6
Defining nominal data for a curve .......................................................................... 1-7
Importing files for nominal value definition of a curve ............................................ 1-8
Reference: Format of stroke data .......................................................................... 1-9
Loading ASCII files for nominal value definition of a curve during a CNC run ........ 1-11
Reference: Format of nominal-value files .............................................................. 1-12
Point generator.................................................................................................... 1-13
Symmetry curve from two curves ......................................................................... 1-17
Creating nominal values of a curve by digitizing ................................................... 1-20
Adopting nominal data of the curve from the CAD model .................................... 1-33
Creating 3D curves from files on the CAD model.................................................. 1-34
Working with the nominal curve values................................................................ 1-35
Checking the clearance planes of a curve ............................................................. 1-54
Accelerating curve measurement.......................................................................... 1-54
Exporting nominal values of curves in the ZEISS CALYPSO format ......................... 1-55

Defining constructions with the aid of curves ............................. 1-57

What is a construction?........................................................................................ 1-57

61212-2711902 CALYPSO 2021 Table of contents 11

 Minimum/Maximum Point constructions .............................................................. 1-57
Intersection construction...................................................................................... 1-58

Defining tolerances for a curve ................................................... 1-60

Overview: Defining tolerances for a curve............................................................. 1-60
Entering tolerances for the entire curve ................................................................ 1-61
Entering tolerances for tolerance segments .......................................................... 1-62
Reading tolerances from a file .............................................................................. 1-64
Having tolerances for curve points calculated ....................................................... 1-68
Curve jump tolerance ........................................................................................... 1-71
Defining the curve jump tolerance for the entire curve ........................................ 1-72

Result calculation of a curve........................................................ 1-74

Basics about result calculation .............................................................................. 1-74
Calculation of deviations for the curve.................................................................. 1-74
Projection of the results for the curve ................................................................... 1-78

Using curves in the CAD window ................................................ 1-80

Curve in the CAD window.................................................................................... 1-80
Context menu for the curve in the CAD window .................................................. 1-80
Defining the curve display .................................................................................... 1-81

Measuring strategy for the curve ................................................ 1-83

Particularities for the curve ................................................................................... 1-83
Point list for the curve .......................................................................................... 1-83
Scanning a contour.............................................................................................. 1-87
Relative measurement of curves ......................................................................... 1-103

Characteristics for the curve...................................................... 1-108

Overview of characteristics for a curve ............................................................... 1-108
Defining the Distance Between Points characteristic ........................................... 1-110
Defining the Line Profile characteristic ................................................................ 1-111
Defining the line profile characteristic with reference length............................... 1-114
Defining the Curve Slope characteristic............................................................... 1-115
Defining the Curve Stroke characteristic ............................................................. 1-117
Defining the Curve Distance characteristic .......................................................... 1-119

22 Table of contents 61212-2711902 CALYPSO 2021

 Defining the Curve Expansion characteristic........................................................ 1-122
Defining the Curve Length characteristic ............................................................ 1-123
Defining the Surface Area characteristic ............................................................. 1-124
Defining the Curve Form characteristic ............................................................... 1-125
Defining the Curve Jump characteristic ............................................................... 1-128
Defining the Cam Lift characteristic .................................................................... 1-131
Defining the Cam velocity characteristic ............................................................. 1-132
Defining the Cam Acceleration characteristic...................................................... 1-134

Using the curve measurement results........................................ 1-136

Overview of the use of measurement results ...................................................... 1-136
Calculating and displaying the deviations of a curve ........................................... 1-136
Optimization of coordinate system with best fit alignment ................................. 1-137
Calculating the curve's center of gravity ............................................................. 1-139
Best fit of the curve............................................................................................ 1-140
Restricting search distances during curve calculation .......................................... 1-145
Smoothing a curve............................................................................................. 1-146
Sorting points of a curve .................................................................................... 1-148
Restricting the evaluation of the curve values ..................................................... 1-149
Filtering a curve ................................................................................................. 1-151
Eliminating outliers from a curve ........................................................................ 1-152
Excluding apparent segment overlaps................................................................. 1-153
Adding an offset to a curve................................................................................ 1-154
Setting the deviation calculation for threads....................................................... 1-155
Coordinate system from best fit alignment of several curves............................... 1-156
Defining the evaluation of the 3d curve.............................................................. 1-158

Output of the results of curve measurement ............................. 1-159

Overview of the output of the results ................................................................. 1-159
Output of curve points in table files.................................................................... 1-159
Output of all curve results in files........................................................................ 1-160
Output of curve points and tolerances in text files .............................................. 1-162
Reference: Format of the text file with curve points............................................ 1-163
Formula access to tolerances and deviations of curve points............................... 1-165
Output of points and deviations of a cam curve in text files ................................ 1-166

61212-2711902 CALYPSO 2021 Table of contents 33

 Graphical evaluation of curve deviations............................................................. 1-166

Alphabetic index

44 Table of contents 61212-2711902 CALYPSO 2021

Preface

Information about these operating instructions

The CALYPSO program consists of a base module and additional options
for special purposes. You can customize the scope of program to fit your
requirements.
These operating instructions describe an option of CALYPSO and are
based on the assumption that the user is familiar with the operating in-
structions for the base module of CALYPSO.

NOTE
The additional CALYPSO options are described in separate manuals.

Reference information about the windows and dialogs can be found in

the dialog reference in the CALYPSO Online Help.

Simply Measure – And what you should know to do it right, A metrol-

ogy primer
Carl Zeiss, Industrial Metrology Division,
Order no.: 612302-9002

Text conventions The following text conventions are used in these instructions.

Example Description
Features Text element of the graphics
screen display.
Comment The Comment button on the
screen.
<machine name> Variable text or dummy for a
name.
C:\windows\w.ini The w.ini file in the windows di-
rectory on the C:\ drive.
For this section... A passage containing important
information.

61212-2711902 CALYPSO 2021 Preface 11

Information about these operating instructions

Example Description
➤ Preface [⇨ Preface-1] This is a cross reference. When
viewing this manual on the
screen, you will be guided to the
indicated text passage by clicking
the reference.
Plan " CNC-Start " Run The Run command in the CNC-
Start submenu of the Plan
menu.
CTRL+A Press the CTRL key and the letter
A at the same time.

Icons Three special symbols containing important information are used in this
manual. The icons appear in the marginal column next to the respective
text.
You will find a detailed explanation of the safety instructions under Con-
figuration of safety instructions.

22 Preface 61212-2711902 CALYPSO 2021

 Configuration of safety instructions

Configuration of safety instructions

Safety instructions indicate a personal health hazard. We distinguish
three different levels: Danger, warning and caution. All three safety in-
structions are marked with the same warning symbol. The designation
of the safety instruction is shown beside the symbol. The safety instruc-
tions used are described below.

Configuration of a safety instruction

A safety instruction may have the following components:
– Warning symbol and designation of the safety instruction (signal
word): Danger, warning or caution.
– Source and cause of the danger
– Consequences for the user due to non-observance of the safety in-
struction
– Required measures to be taken by the user to avoid possible conse-
quences
– A measure may cause an intermediate result.
– At the end of all measures, a final result may be caused.

Personal health hazard

DANGER
A »danger« indicates an imminent risk to life and limb.
Non-observance of this safety instruction when the described risk oc-
curs causes death or serious injuries.
Example: Electric shock due to high electric voltage.

WARNING
A »warning« indicates a possible risk to life and limb.
Non-observance of this safety instruction when the described risk oc-
curs may cause death or serious injuries.
Example: Risk of severe crushing of the body caused by heavy loads.

CAUTION
A »caution« indicates a personal health hazard.
Non-observance of this safety instruction when the described risk oc-
curs may cause slight to moderate injuries.
Example: Risk of minor crushing of the limbs caused by small loads.

61212-2711902 CALYPSO 2021 Preface 33

Configuration of safety instructions

Risk of material damage

If there is no personal health hazard, but the CMM or components may
get damaged, this is pointed out by the following notice.

This symbol refers to possible damage to the CMM.

Non-observance of this safety instruction when the event occurs may
cause damage to the CMM or one of its components.
Example: Collision of the ram with a workpiece.

44 Preface 61212-2711902 CALYPSO 2021

CALYPSO curve (option)

1 CALYPSO curve (option)

This chapter contains:

Basics about curve measurement ................................................................. 1-2
Defining the Curve feature ........................................................................... 1-5
Defining constructions with the aid of curves ............................................. 1-57
Defining tolerances for a curve................................................................... 1-60
Result calculation of a curve....................................................................... 1-74
Using curves in the CAD window ............................................................... 1-80
Measuring strategy for the curve................................................................ 1-83
Characteristics for the curve ..................................................................... 1-108
Using the curve measurement results ....................................................... 1-136
Output of the results of curve measurement ............................................ 1-159

61212-2711902 CALYPSO 2021 1-1

Basics about curve measurement

Basics about curve measurement

Introduction to Curve Measurement (option)

Special measuring techniques are required for measuring free-form sur-
faces. These techniques are provided by the curve measurement func-
tion. The “2D curve” and “3D curve” features as well as the curve char-
acteristics are used for measuring and evaluating known and unknown
open and closed 2D and 3D curves.
Curve measurement is one of CALYPSO's optional features. You can li-
cense this functionality and have it enabled in your system if it can be of
use to you.
This chapter assumes that you are familiar with the procedures for defin-
ing features and characteristics.

Definition and display of curves

As curves are sophisticated geometric elements, it is important for you
to know how CALYPSO evaluates their form and location.
In CALYPSO, a curve is defined by a finite set of points. CALYPSO uses
spline functions to interpolate between the curve points in order to dis-
play the curve as a continuity in the CAD window.

NOTE
CALYPSO can process a maximum of 20,000 points for a curve. More
than 20,000 points may lead to errors.

Both the nominal and the actual values of the curve points are each de-
fined by 6 values:
– 3 point coordinates (X, Y, Z)
– 1 normal vector (U, V, W) or its 3 direction cosines (NX, NY, NZ).
The three curve types which can be measured and calculated by CA-
LYPSO are presented in the following examples. These examples will
help you to understand the principles of the curve measurement.
– Flat curve (2D curve)
Flat curves are produced when a plane (imaginary) intersects with a
body. Flat curves occur, for example, on workpieces such as
camshafts, which exhibit two-dimensional curves.

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 Basics about curve measurement

All the points constituting a flat curve are on a single plane that may
(also) have any orientation in space. Consequently, the normal vec-
tors of the curve points, too, are all in the measuring plane. The nor-
mal vectors may, however, be changed subsequently in CALYPSO.

– Spatial curve (3D curve)

Spatial curves (3D curves) have three degrees of freedom: theoreti-
cally, they are not constrained in any direction. You can measure and
test 3D curves with CALYPSO.

– Lift curve (face curve)

Lift curves, also known as face curves, are special three-dimensional
curves that run across cylinder sections. Every point in a lift curve can
be described by means of two values: namely by the angle of rota-
tion on the surface of the cylinder and the deviation of the curve
from the circular line in a given direction (e.g. radial or axial).
Therefore, the lift curve is a special 3D curve, but has, like the 2D
curve, only two degrees of freedom.

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Basics about curve measurement

Y
X

The illustration shows an axial lift curve with deviations in the direc-
tion of the Z axis.

Performing curve measurement

The procedure for curve measurement does not differ from that for
other measurements. The execution of measurements is described in the
Basic Operating Instructions under Running a measurement plan. You
can measure a complete measurement plan, a mini-plan, or a single
characteristic or feature.

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 Defining the Curve feature

Defining the Curve feature

Options for defining curves

As with other features, you use a definition template to define two-di-
mensional and three-dimensional curves. In addition to the buttons and
input fields known from other feature templates, this template includes
some elements that are new.

Features

curve1

Comment Projection Strategy

Nominal Vector Direction Linerar projection Evaluation

Clearance group Nominal Data Alignment

SE +Z Nominal point information Base Alignment

Nominal Actual
Point no. FN

Nx

Ny

Nz

Best Fit Center of Mass Deviation

Sigma Form No. Pnt.

Min Point no. Point no. Max

OK Reset

Within the curve feature definition template, Calypso offers the follow-
ing ways of defining nominal data:
– ➤ Importing a file [⇨ 1-8] (in VDA or ASCII format).
– ➤ Reading ASCII data during the CNC run [⇨ 1-11].
– ➤ Defining the curve by means of the point generator [⇨ 1-13].
– You can ➤ digitize a curve [⇨ 1-20].
This definition template is fully described in the Online Help under Defi-
nition template (curve).
In addition to the definition template for the feature Curve, you have
other option for creating a curve:

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Defining the Curve feature

– ➤ Forming the symmetry curve [⇨ 1-17] from two curves.

– ➤ Adopting the nominal data of the curve from the CAD model
[⇨ 1-33].
– You can ➤ create a 3D curve from files on the CAD model
[⇨ 1-34].

2D curves, 3D curves and lift curves –

differences
The definition templates for both types of curve are, broadly speaking,
the same: they differ only in a few items:
– The definition template for the 3D curve normally does not contain
the Projection menu – with the two exceptions:
– Only if the 3D curve is defined as a lift curve, a Projection menu
with the No projection and Lift curve menu items is present.
– Only if the 3D curve is defined as a threaded curve, a Projection
menu with the No projection, Vertical Projection and Helix
Projection menu items is present.
– Deviation calculation for 3D curves is only useful in the actual vector
direction and the nominal vector direction.
– The Additional " Move parallel curve option in the Nominal
Data menu is not available for 3D curves.
How curves are dis- In the CAD window, curves are displayed as continuous lines; they are
played calculated as approximations with the aid of splines.
You have the option of mapping a tape coupled to the curve, in order to
highlight the spatial component of a 3D curve.
You can set the width of this tape by clicking Evaluation in the Evalua-
tion dialog box, Special functions tab under Tape width. “0“ means:
no tape.

Marking and unmarking lift curves

Lift curves are 3D curves which are projected onto a cylinder section.
You can see here that the Projection Lift Curve menu is contained in
the definition template of the lift curve in addition to the features of the
3D curve.
You can mark 3D curves as lift curves (by generating the lift curve) or
cancel the marking again.

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 Defining the Curve feature

– To mark a 3D curve as a lift curve, tick the Lift curve check box in
the Evaluation window, on the Special functions tab under 3d
curve.
– To cancel the marking of a 3D curve as a lift curve, untick the Lift
curve check box in the Evaluation window, on the Special func-
tions tab under 3d curve.

Defining nominal data for a curve

When defining a curve feature, you first need to define the nominal data
of the curve you want to measure.

NOTE
You can use neither the automatic feature recognition nor the strategy
macros for this purpose.

To define the nominal data, you can:

– import an existing file.
The file can have one of the following formats: VDA (Cons, Curve,
MDI, PSET, POINT, CIRCLE) or ASCII.
For ASCII files for curve definition, the imported values are inter-
preted in the following sequence:
x-nominal, y-nominal, z-nominal, u-nominal, v-nominal, w-nominal,
lTol, uTol, maskEval (masked for evaluation), maskBF (masked for
best fit). However, depending on the number of columns, only the
first six, eight or ten values of each line are evaluated.
For ASCII files for axial stroke data, the imported values of each line
are interpreted as angles and associated heights.
For ASCII files for radial stroke data, the imported values of each line
are interpreted as angles and associated radii.
– Using the point generator for defining the curve points: either to
freely define the curve points mathematically or to import external
files with a different format.
– Digitizing a curve. You generate the nominal values of an unknown
contour by probing.
– Extracting the nominal data from the CAD mode: using the CAD
Modification menu and clicking with the mouse.

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Defining the Curve feature

Once the nominal points have been defined by one of these methods,
you can proceed with processing them and thus changing the position
and the shape of the curve.

Always check the nominal vectors after defining the curve points, and
make sure that the vectors do not point into the material (risk of colli-
sion!).

Importing files for nominal value definition of

a curve
CALYPSO supports import of the following file formats:
– VDA (the points in a VDA file must be described as Cons, Curve,
MDI, PSET, POINT or CIRCLE),
– ASCII (for more information on ASCII files, also see ➤ Loading ASCII
files for nominal value definition of a curve during a CNC run
[⇨ 1-11]),
1 Make sure you have the curve feature template open and displayed
on your screen, and that the chosen coordinate system fits the curve
to be imported.
2 Select Nominal Data " Nominal geometry manipulations "
Read nominal values.
The File Selection dialog box appears on the screen.

File Selection

ASCII Files Import to CNC

VDA Files Settings

Append nominal points

Stroke Data Axial stroke curve

Path radius

Tapped Radius

Angle input in radians

OK Cancel

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 Defining the Curve feature

3 Select the file format (ASCII Files, VDA Files, or Stroke Data).
Note: You can also use the ASCII files to import tolerances.
4 Enter the complete file name or select the desired file.
5 For selective loading of a VDA file, click the Settings button, enter
the criteria for point selection and confirm with OK.

VDA import settings

VDACurve / VDACons

Step Width 0,0394

Cord height 0,0020

Number of Points 100

OK Cancel

6 If you want to load an ASCII file with Stroke Data, enter the curve
type and additional data required for conversion into cartesian coor-
dinates. If you specified the angle in radians in the file, tick the corre-
sponding check box.
7 Click OK.
The data will now be read from the file.
If you specified selection criteria before importing from a VDA file,
the data in the file is imported selectively into the curve feature in ac-
cordance with these criteria. The sequence of the curve points de-
rives from the sequence of the points in the VDA file.
The type and name of the converted features are written into the
Comment for the curve.
You have now defined the curve with its nominal data. Now check the
direction of the nominal vectors (see ➤ Checking the nominal vectors of
a curve [⇨ 1-47]).

Reference: Format of stroke data

To ensure that axial or radial stroke data is loaded correctly by CALYPSO,
the data must be available in an ASCII file in a defined format.

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Defining the Curve feature

Axial stroke data Axial stroke data is entered in two columns. The columns require the
headings “Angle” and “Height”. In each line, the value of the angles is
stated in the first column and the respective stroke height in the second
column.
Example:
Angle Height
0 10
10 10
20 10
30 11
40 13
50 15,5
60 18
70 20,5
80 22
90 24
100 25
... ...

Radial stroke data Radial stroke data is entered in two columns. The columns require the
headings “Radius” and “Angle”. In each line, the value of the angles is
stated in the first column and the respective radius in the second col-
umn.
Example:
Angle Radius
0 500
10 501
20 502
30 502
40 502
50 503
60 504
70 505
80 505
90 505
100 505
... ...

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 Defining the Curve feature

Loading ASCII files for nominal value

definition of a curve during a CNC run
CALYPSO enables the reading of an ASCII file for the nominal value defi-
nition of the curve and additionally also the curve tolerances during the
CNC run. The ASCII file must have a defined format (see ➤ ASCII file for
nominal data definition [⇨ 1-12]) and be available in the defined path.

To load an ASCII file during the CNC run:

1 Make sure you have the curve feature template open and displayed
on your screen, and that the chosen coordinate system fits the curve
to be imported.
2 Select Nominal Data " Nominal geometry manipulations "
Read nominal values.
The File Selection dialog box appears on the screen.

File Selection

ASCII Files Import to CNC

VDA Files Settings

Append nominal points

Stroke Data Axial stroke curve

Path radius

Tapped Radius

Angle input in radians

OK Cancel

3 Select the ASCII Files option and tick the Import to CNC check
box.
4 Enter the path and name of the ASCII file or select it in the file selec-
tion dialog.
5 Press OK to confirm.

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Defining the Curve feature

The nominal values of the curve and, if necessary, also its tolerances,
will only be determined during the CNC run on the basis of the se-
lected file.

Reference: Format of nominal-value files

To ensure that nominal curve values and, if desired, also tolerances and
masking data can be loaded correctly by CALYPSO during the CNC run,
they must be available in an ASCII file in a defined format.
File format Every data line of the file contains at least six values, separated by tabs
and blanks.
Only the first ten values are interpreted, namely as the three coordinates
of the point, the three components of the nominal vector, the lower and
upper tolerances, and the masking data.
If fewer than ten values are available, no masking and, if fewer than
eight values are available, no tolerances will be imported.
Additionally, the file may contain one or several header lines. These lines
will not be evaluated.

NOTE
The nominal vector does not need to be standardized.

Example:

XNOM YNOM ZNOM UNOM VNOM WNOM lTol uTol maskEval maskBF
21.5926 0.5645 -2.0000 0.9946 0.1040 0.0000 -0.1 0.1 0 1
21.4906 2.1964 -2.0000 0.9949 0.1008 0.0000 -0.2 0.1 0 1
21.2688 3.7612 -2.0000 0.9846 0.1749 0.0000 -0.2 0.2 0 1
20.9286 5.3328 -2.0000 0.9688 0.2480 0.0000 -0.2 0.2 0 1
20.4721 6.8744 -2.0000 0.9475 0.3196 0.0000 -0.2 0.2 0 1
19.9015 8.3780 -2.0000 0.9210 0.3895 0.0000 -0.2 0.2 0 0
19.2201 9.8346 -2.0000 0.8893 0.4573 0.0000 -0.2 0.1 0 0
18.4322 11.2355 -2.0000 0.8525 0.5277 0.0000 -0.3 0.3 0 0
17.5409 12.5736 -2.0000 0.8111 0.5849 0.0000 -0.3 0.3 0 0
16.5523 13.8422 -2.0000 0.7654 0.6435 0.0000 -0.3 0.2 0 0
15.4728 15.0333 -2.0000 0.7152 0.6990 0.0000 -0.3 0.2 0 0
14.3064 16.1402 -2.0000 0.6606 0.7560 0.0000 -0.3 0.1 0 0
13.0604 17.1559 -2.0000 0.6026 0.7980 0.0000 -0.3 0.2 0 0
11.7418 18.0767 -2.0000 0.5417 0.8406 0.0000 -0.4 0.2 0 0
10.3589 18.8968 -2.0000 0.5442 0.8389 0.0000 -0.4 0.1 0 0
9.2574 19.6652 -2.0000 0.6607 0.7506 0.0000 -0.4 0.1 0 0

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 Defining the Curve feature

Point generator
Basics about the point generator
CALYPSO supports the VDA file format and ASCII files with a certain for-
mat. If the data you need is in some other file format, you can program
formulas to import the information and convert the data to CALYPSO
curve data.
You can also use the point generator to freely compute the points of the
curve from mathematical formulas.
Alternatively, you may also use PCM commands. You can, for example,
create the points of a helical curve by using the calculatePointOnHelix
PCM function. You can create points on a lateral surface of a cone or a
cylinder or on cylindrical or tapered threads by specifying the corre-
sponding parameters.
The point generator has the same characteristics as a loop. You can en-
ter a variable in each input field by right-clicking, opening the Formula
window and selecting the variable:

Point generator

Start index

End index

Step

Point point(5*sin(index),5*cos(index),0,0,0,1)

Comment

OK Cancel Help

This window is fully described under Point generator in the CALYPSO di-
alog reference in the Online Help.

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Defining the Curve feature

– You can use the point generator to define a curve if the mathemati-
cal description of the curve is known.
– You can use the point generator to load parameter values into a
curve.
In this process, another point of the curve is defined in each successive
step.

Working with the point generator

You can define a curve with the aid of a “point generator”. The point
generator acts like a loop in which another point on the curve is defined
in each successive step. The loop variable used by the point generator is
“index”.
1 In the definition template of the curve, select Nominal Data and
then select the Parameter Data function.
The Point Generator window is opened.

Point generator

Start index

End index

Step

Point point(5*sin(index),5*cos(index),0,0,0,1)

Comment

OK Cancel Help

2 Enter the start index, the end index and the step (increment).
Each input box also accepts a formula. If you want to enter a for-
mula, right-click in the box, select Formula from the context menu
and use the Formula Interface window to enter the formula.

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 Defining the Curve feature

3 In the Point box, enter the point to be defined in the respective

step.
— If the mathematical description of the curve is known, you can
enter it here in the form of a formula.
— If the points are stored in a file, you can enter the name of the file
here and import the points. Right-click in the box, select Formula
from the shortcut menu and use the Formula Interface window to
enter the formula or the instruction.
4 You can also enter an optional comment indicating the nature of the
curve.
This comment appears only in CALYPSO's table file. You can activate
output to the table file by selecting Resources " Results to File in
the Result To File window.
5 Click OK to close the Point Generator window.
CALYPSO evaluates the points according to your entries and loads them
into the definition template. You have now defined the nominals of the
curve.

Example: Creating a helical curve with the point

generator
When using the point generator and the calculatePointOnHelix PCM
command, you can create the nominal points of a helical curve. In this
example, a tapered thread with a cone angle of 10° and a flank inclina-
tion of 60° is created.
1 Create a “3D curve” feature in the measurement plan.
2 In the definition template of the 3D curve, select Nominal Data and
then select the Parameter Data function.
The Point Generator window is opened.

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Defining the Curve feature

Point generator

Start index

End index

Step

Point calculatePointOnHelix(50,index,30,60,10)

Comment Tapered thread 10° flank 60°

OK Cancel Help

3 Enter the start angle under Start index, the end angle under End
index and the angular distance of the nominal points under Step.
4 Click with the right mouse button in the Point input field and select
Formula.
5 Click the Function button in the formula window and select Math-
ematical Functions " calculatePointOnHelix.
6 Use the following syntax in the formula field: calculatePointOn-
Helix(Radius, index, pitch, trapezoid angle, cone angle)

Radius Radius of the cylinder or initial radius of the cone

Pitch Slope of the helix path per revolution
Trapezoid angle Inclination of the nominal normal relative to the cylinder or cone axis in
degrees, which, in case of threads, corresponds to the flank angle:
=0: Direction of normal parallel to the axis
<0: Normal tilted to the inside
>0: Normal tilted to the outside
=90: Normal perpendicular to the axis
Cone angle Round cone angle; the entered value must be between 0° and 180°.

7 Click OK to close the Point Generator window.

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 Defining the Curve feature

CALYPSO evaluates the points according to your entries and loads them
into the definition template. You have now defined the nominals of the
curve. The created points are immediately shown in the CAD window.

Symmetry curve from two curves

Two types of symmetry curves
CALYPSO allows you to transfer the center or symmetry curve of two
curves as a new feature into the measurement plan. Center curves are
required, for example, for turbine blades.
Definition The center curve is the curve whose points have the same distance from
the two defined curves. The mathematical construction consists of the
center points of inside circles which touch the two curves on the inside.

NOTE
To obtain a useful result, both curves must have the same orientation,
i.e. the beginning and the end of both curves must be on the same
side.

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Defining the Curve feature

Center curve
Curve 2
4
3 5
2 6
7
... Point m
Point 1 4 5
3 6
2
1

... Point n
6
Point 1 5
2
3 4
Curve 1

Calculation mode The calculation starts from the first curve and approximately generates
on each point the tangential circle to the second curve. The center point
of the tangential circle becomes the point of the center curve so that the
center curve has the same number of points as the first curve.
By defining the maximum curve distance, you avoid long computing
times and, in the case of curves with a large curvature, superfluous inter-
section points.
Theoretical element / You can define the center curve in two different versions:
measurable element – as a ➤ construction [⇨ 1-18] composed of two curves that cannot
be measured.
– as a ➤ feature [⇨ 1-19] that can be measured using a measurement
strategy.

NOTE
When changing the nominal values of the origin curves, the previously
defined values of the center curve are not changed.

Center Curve construction

The “Center Curve” construction is defined via the definition template of
the curve. From the Nominal Data selection list, select the Symmetry
Curve menu item.
Tick the View curve as symmetry curve check box in the Symmetry
Curve dialog box, enter the Maximum Curve Distance and determine
the original curves as characteristics.
Nominal values The nominal values of the center curve are calculated from the nominal
values of both curves and saved.

NOTE
When changing the nominal values of the origin curves, the previously
defined values of the center curve are not changed.

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Center Curve and Pat- When creating a Center Curve construction composed of two curves
tern construction with pattern, the program starts by generating the nominal curve using
the first pattern feature of each curve. CALYPSO then asks you whether
you want the pattern of the initial curves to be applied to the construc-
tion as well.

Question

Feature“2d-Kurve1” does not have a pattern.

Do you want to add the pattern “1d-Linear-Teilung1”?

__________
Yes No

In this case, the nominal values of the construction are defined accord-
ing to the pattern defaults. Analogously, the actual values resulting from
the measurement of the curves, each with identical pattern index, are
combined to form one center curve each.
Actual values An individual strategy for the “Center Curve” construction does not ex-
ist. The two initial curves are measured to determine the actual values.
After approximation and stylus radius correction, an actual center curve
is calculated from this data. Actual points are formed from this actual
center curve and assigned to the nominal points of the symmetry curve.
Thus you can use all evaluations (distance calculations, offset calcula-
tions, coordinate systems, form plot, etc.) for the center curve.
Curve form You can check the “Center Curve” construction for the curve form and
output the corresponding plot.

Center Curve feature

The “Center Curve” feature is defined via the definition template of the
curve. From the Nominal Data selection list, select the Symmetry
Curve menu item.
Untick the View curve as symmetry curve check box in the Symme-
try Curve dialog box, enter the Maximum Curve Distance and deter-
mine the two original curves as characteristics.
The nominal values of the center curve are calculated from the nominal
values of both curves and saved.

NOTE
When changing the nominal values of the origin curves, the previously
defined values of the center curve are not changed.

You can edit the curve in the same way as other curves. You can also
change the calculated nominal values later.

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Defining the Curve feature

Center Curve and Pat- If you create the center curve from two curves with pattern, the nominal
tern feature values will be determined using only the first curves of the pattern. If the
center curve generated by you is to have a pattern as well, you have to
define it yourself.
Actual values The actual values of the Center Curve feature are obtained by probing
the workpiece.
Curve form You can check the curve form for the center curve and output the corre-
sponding plot.

Creating nominal values of a curve by

digitizing
What is digitizing?
What is digitizing? You use digitization when you do not have nominal data for a curve.
Digitization means obtaining the nominal data of a curve by a series of
probing operations (i.e. probing an unknown contour).
Procedure Probing should be performed on a workpiece that can be used as a pat-
tern (master workpiece), in other words a precision-manufactured part.
The actual values obtained by probing are subsequently converted into
nominal data. In this way, you use a master workpiece to obtain the
nominal data for other, identical curves.
You have two options: You can determine the course of the curve by
performing individual manual probing operations and you can scan the
desired curve.

Digitizing 2D curves
To scan 2D curves, select the “Unknown Cut” method (see ➤ How to
scan an unknown contour using the “Unknown Cut” method [⇨ 1-22]).

Digitizing 3D curves
To scan a 3D curve, you have two options:
– The “3D curve” method – you have to run three scans so that CA-
LYPSO can compute the transverse curvature of the three-dimen-
sional curve (see ➤ Digitizing 3D curves [⇨ 1-25]).
– The “3D grid” method – here you enter the corner points of an ap-
proximate rectangle which is then scanned by CALYPSO in a mean-
dering style in several paths. (See ➤ Digitizing 3D curves [⇨ 1-25]).

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 Defining the Curve feature

– The “Lift curve” method – three scan procedures like for the 3D
curve but on a cylinder section (see ➤ How to scan an unknown
contour using the “Lift curve” method [⇨ 1-27]). As to the lift curve,
see ➤ Basics about curve measurement [⇨ 1-2].
– The “Cam groove” method – a scan procedure using the rotary table
(see ➤ Scanning an unknown contour using the “Cam groove”
method [⇨ 1-30]).

Settings for digitization

Stylus radius correction If the automatic radius correction is not activated in the “Digitizing”
mode, you must carry out the radius correction manually. See ➤ Defin-
ing tolerances for a curve [⇨ 1-60] and ➤ How to change the nominal
points of a curve [⇨ 1-48], step 3.
Immersion depth The derivative action of the stylus, called “immersion depth”, serves to
avoid scanning “in the air” (outside the object) when scanning an un-
known contour. The default value for the immersion depth of 0.3 mm
may be too high for very flat objects so that there is a risk of touching
the material. For such cases, you can set the Immersion Depth for
Scanning Unknown Contour to “Middle” or “Low” in the Measure-
ment Plan Editor Features.
Smoothing nominal In case of a too strong dispersion of the nominal points gained by digi-
points tizing, running of the CMM and the rotary table will not be sufficiently
smooth. In order to avoid this effect, you may smooth the nominal
points by means of the low-pass filtering (➤ How to smooth digitized
nominal data of the curve [⇨ 1-53]).
Optical sensor You can also obtain the nominal values of the curve by scanning un-
known contour using an optical sensor. The current camera and light
parameters are set in the Segment dialog box on the Optics index
card.

Generating the nominal values of a curve by manual

probing

Digitizing a curve by single probing

1 Open the definition template of a new curve or a curve without
nominal values.
2 In the Nominal Data selection list, select Additional " Digitizing
On.
The place of the Nominal Data selection list is now taken by a red
button labeled Digitizing Off.

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Defining the Curve feature

3 In the case of a 2D curve, tick the Stylus Correction check box to

correct the measured points by the stylus tip radius.
The normal vectors of a 3D curve are generally not located in a
plane. The nominal values gained after digitizing must then be cor-
rected manually.
4 Click the Open/Closed Curve button to select an open curve.
5 If you want to project the nominal points onto a plane, select a pro-
jection plane from the Projection selection list.
6 Now start recording the measured points on the workpiece.
Every probing point is shown directly in the definition template and
in the CAD window. As soon as you have probed three points, CA-
LYPSO will calculate the curve. The entire curve is recalculated for ev-
ery new point you probe.
7 As soon as you have defined the curve by probing, click the Digitiz-
ing Off button.
8 Click OK to save the values and close the definition template.
You have now determined the nominal values for an unknown curve.
Note that these values correspond to the stylus center. To correct the
stylus radius, please read ➤ Working with the nominal curve values
[⇨ 1-35].

Scanning an unknown contour using the “Unknown

Cut” method
1 Open the definition template of a new 2D curve or a 2D curve with-
out nominal values.
2 In the Nominal Data selection list, select Additional " Digitizing
On.
The place of the Nominal Data selection list is now taken by a red
button labeled Digitizing Off.
3 Click the Strategy button.
The Strategy window is opened.

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4 Select the “Unknown Cut ” method to measure the curve as a free

planar section.
The Unknown contour 1 entry appears in the dialog box.
5 Double-click the entry.
The Segment window is opened.

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Defining the Curve feature

6 Enter the parameters. For the start and the end points, you can
choose the coordinate system type.
— CALYPSO recognizes the probing direction by roughly probing the
start point. The coordinates of the probing will be entered in the
fields for the start point.
— If necessary, edit the coordinates entered in the Start Point field.
— Enter the coordinates of the end point in the End Point field, or
else probe the workpiece to define the end point.
— In the Space Axis selection list, select a space axis to which the
scanning plane is to be perpendicular.
— If necessary, click the button to change the Direction.
7 Enter a speed for the CMM in the Speed field or select the requisite
accuracy.
8 Enter a pitch between points in the Step Width field or define the
number of points.
Once all the parameters have been defined in full, the red Execute
button appears and you can click it to start scanning.
9 Check that the CMM is ready to move and that there is no risk of
collision. Position the stylus in front of the start point.

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10 Click the red Execute button to start scanning the unknown con-
tour.
The CMM starts scanning the contour.

Digitizing 3D curves
When you digitize a 2D curve using the unknown cut method, the nor-
mal vectors are calculated by CALYPSO – by definition, they are in the
plane of the cut.
A single digitization process is not enough to probe a 3D curve with
transverse curvatures on the workpiece, because in this case the orienta-
tion of the nominal vectors is unknown.
When you digitize a 3D curve, therefore, you have to scan an unknown
contour in such a way as to obtain three cuts – each a certain distance
“above” and “below” the 3D curve as such.
CALYPSO then uses this information to compute the nominal vectors
and thus the transverse curvature of the 3D curve.
Start the process by clicking the Digitize 3D Curve button in the Strat-
egy window for 3D curves.

NOTE
If the feature does not have any nominal values, you will have to select
the Digitizing On item under Nominal Data before you open the
Strategy window.

In the Segment dialog box, go to Travel Path Definition and define

the three paths, then click Execute to start digitization.

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Defining the Curve feature

Path specification by To specify the start and end points of the three paths by probing with
probing the CMM, first probe the three start points of the paths (points 1 to 3),
then probe the three end points of the paths (points 4 to 6).
Directions during travel When traveling along the three paths, the CMM moves in a meandering
style: the direction of movement alternates from one path to the next.

Digitizing 3D curve in area

Using the 3D Curve feature, you can also digitize a three-dimensional
curve over an entire area. CALYPSO employs the technique of probing
surfaces along intersection lines to effect a meander-formed probing of
an entire surface area and in this way creates a 3D curve.
It will be necessary here to enter the four corner points of the surface
that is to be digitized. These four points must more or less form a rec-
tangle.
Start the process by clicking the Digitize 3D Grid button in the Strategy
window for 3D curves.

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 Defining the Curve feature

NOTE
If the feature does not have any nominal values, you will have to select
the Digitizing On item under Nominal Data before you open the
Strategy window.

In the Segment window, go to Travel Path Definition and define the

number of paths, then click Execute to start digitization.

Directions during travel When traveling along the paths, the CMM moves in a meandering style:
the direction of movement alternates from one path to the next.

Scanning an unknown contour using the “Lift curve”

method
1 Open the definition template of a new 3D curve or a 3D curve with-
out nominal values.
2 In the Nominal Data selection list, select the Digitizing On com-
mand.
The place of the Nominal Data selection list is now taken by a red
button labeled Digitizing Off.
3 Click Strategy.
The Strategy dialog box is opened.

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Defining the Curve feature

4 Select the “Lift curve” method in order to measure the curve as a lift
curve along an annular surface (cylinder circumference).
The Unknown contour of circle face entry appears in the dialog
box.
5 Double-click the Unknown contour of circle face entry.
The Segment window appears on the screen.

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To specify the start and end points of the three paths by probing
with the CMM, first probe the three start points of the paths (points
1 to 3), then probe the three end points of the paths (points 4 to 6).
Note: “Start point” indicates that the CMM will start scanning at the
last end point.
Note: Check the entered values and bear in mind that the lift curve is
probed on an area along the cylinder section, so that the specified
radius must be correspondingly larger than the radius of the refer-
ence feature.
The center must also be at the central point of the lift curve. Usually,
the automatically entered center is in the center of a base area of the
reference feature.
6 Enter a speed for the CMM in the Speed field or select the requisite
accuracy.
7 Enter a pitch between points in the Step Width field or define the
number of points.
Once all the parameters have been defined in full, the Execute but-
ton appears and you can click it to start scanning.
8 Check that the CMM is ready to move and that there is no risk of
collision.

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Defining the Curve feature

9 Click the red Execute button to start scanning the unknown con-
tour.
The CMM starts scanning the contour.

Scanning an unknown contour using the “Cam

groove” method
CALYPSO allows you to scan a cam groove as an unknown contour. For
this procedure, you use the rotary table.

Z
Y
X

Conditions
– The cylinder with the cam groove to be scanned must be centri-
cally fixed on the rotary table.
– The rotary table axis has been chosen as the Z axis of the base
alignment.
1 Open the definition template of a new 3D curve or a 3D curve with-
out nominal values.
2 In the Nominal Data selection list, select the Digitizing On com-
mand.
The place of the Nominal Data selection list is now taken by a red
button labeled Digitizing Off.
3 Click Strategy.
The Strategy dialog box is opened.

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 Defining the Curve feature

4 Select the “Cam groove” method in order to measure the curve as a

groove along an annular surface (cylinder circumference).
The Unknown cam groove entry appears in the dialog box.
5 Double-click the Unknown cam groove entry.
The Segment window appears on the screen.

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Defining the Curve feature

6 Enter a speed for the CMM in the Speed field or select the requisite
accuracy.
7 Enter a pitch between points in the Step Width field or define the
number of points.
You can define the radius. If you enter nothing, the radius of the first
probing point will be used.
8 Tick the Rotary Table check box and select Cylindrical Coordi-
nates.
9 Enter Radius / Angle / Height of the cam groove.
Once all the parameters have been defined in full, the Execute but-
ton appears and you can click it to start scanning.
10 Check that the CMM is ready to move and that there is no risk of
collision.
11 Click the red Execute button to start scanning the unknown cam
groove.
The CMM starts scanning the cam groove.

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Adopting nominal data of the curve from the

CAD model
You can also adopt the nominal data for a curve from the CAD model
into the CAD window.
1 Select CAD " Creating features.
The Create feature window appears on the screen.
2 To generate a 2D curve: select a line in the CAD model.
3 Under Points, enter the desired number of points and click the sym-
bol for the curve.
The 2D curve is generated and entered into the measurement plan.
This can take a few seconds to complete.
The vector normal to the plane of intersection is automatically calcu-
lated for each point on a 2D curve.
4 To generate a 3D curve: Switch the CAD model to rendered mode
and select an area on which the curve should be positioned.
All “edges” you select subsequently will refer to this “face”, until you
select a different “face”.
5 Then change to normal mode and select one or more “edges” (with
the Ctrl key).
6 Under Points, enter the desired number of points and click the sym-
bol for the curve.
The 3D curve is generated and entered into the measurement plan.
This can take a few seconds to complete. The curve's vectors will be
taken from the CAD surface you clicked:
— For a “cylindrical face”, the vectors are calculated perpendicular
to the cylinder axis.
— For a “conical face”, the vectors are calculated perpendicular to
the cone axis rotated around the opening angle (from the plane).
— For a “planar edge”, the vectors are positioned parallel to the
plane vector.
7 When the process is completed, confirm by clicking Close.
You have now transferred the curve defined in the CAD model to your
measurement plan. You can edit the curve in the usual way.

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Defining the Curve feature

Creating 3D curves from files on the CAD

model
On a CAD model, you can create 3D curves from read files. In doing so,
you can choose from various user-specific formats and the ZEISS CA-
LYPSO format.
The files in the ZEISS CALYPSO format also may include additional data
on the stylus system, styli, scanning speed, step size, segments, etc.
1 Select CAD " Create features.
The Create features window opens.
2 Activate the Point Set tab.
3 Select 3D curveas the feature type.
4 Under Path generation select the method File ....

Generate features

CAD-Entity

Create Point set Hierarchy Intersection

Feature

3D curve

Path generation

File...

Settings

Grid length u Number 10

Edge distance Distance 0.1000

Point Distribution

Curvature-dependent

Min. distance 1.0000

Max. distance 10.0000

Angle 10.0000

Points

Generate Delete

Create Feature

Close

5 In the File Selection window, enter the format-specific settings, se-

lect the file or files and confirm by pressing OK.
6 Click Create.

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 Defining the Curve feature

The points of one or more 3D curves are displayed in the CAD

model.
7 If, based on the display, you would like to adjust the parameters:
Click Delete and repeat starting with step 4.
8 To add the displayed space points to the list of features: Click Create
feature.
In the CAD model, the points are used to generate one or more 3D
curves.
9 Click Close to end editing of the CAD model.

Working with the nominal curve values

Overview: Working with the nominal curve values
If the nominal values for a curve have already been determined, you
have the following possibilities for editing the nominal values:
– Modifying nominals. Here you can move the curve in various ways,
including rotating and shifting.
– ➤ Editing the single points on the nominals list [⇨ 1-41]
– ➤ Considering material thickness (sheet thickness) in the nominal
values [⇨ 1-43]
– ➤ Adopting deviations of a reference curve [⇨ 1-44]
– ➤ Adding nominal points of another curve [⇨ 1-45]
– ➤ Correcting nominal values by an offset [⇨ 1-46]
– ➤ Checking nominal vectors [⇨ 1-47]
– ➤ Changing nominal vectors [⇨ 1-48]
– ➤ Creating new nominal vectors of a 3D curve [⇨ 1-49]
– ➤ Changing the approach direction vector of a 3D curve [⇨ 1-51]
– ➤ Smoothing nominal points [⇨ 1-53] gained by digitizing

Changing the nominal points of a curve

You can transform the nominal values of a curve in different ways.
This may be necessary for the following applications:
– You have read a curve from a file and want to move it to a certain
position on your workpiece.
– You have obtained a 3D curve by digitizing and you want to convert
it into a lift curve.

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Defining the Curve feature

Note: You must transform the nominal values if you want to perform
stylus radius correction after digitizing a curve.
Possibilities for chang- You can change the nominal points as follows:
ing – ➤ Changing nominal points in vector direction [⇨ 1-37]
– ➤ Changing the number of nominal points [⇨ 1-38]
– ➤ Changing nominal points in the coordinate axis direction
[⇨ 1-40]
Note: If you change the number of points and confirm with OK, you will
create new nominal points for the curve. The original curve cannot be
restored afterwards. For this reason, it is important that you use the Sim-
ulation function to check the result beforehand. Only use this function
with great care and after careful thought.

Nominal points on a curve with preset angle

You can define new nominal points with preset angular distance for 2D
and 3D curves. For the angle specifications, you have to define the refer-
ence for the conversion of the cartesian coordinates to polar coordi-
nates.
This reference may be one of the axes of the base alignment or the local
feature alignment of a reference feature.

15°

V
U

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 Defining the Curve feature

The generation of the new nominal points begins after the specified
start angle or start point. A nominal point is generated on the curve at
each intersection point of the curve with one of the angle planes. The
existing nominal points are no longer required. The curve will be rede-
fined.
When selecting a start angle of 0°, the first nominal point is located on
the plane intersecting the U axis, with a start angle of 90°, the first nom-
inal point is on the plane intersecting the V axis of the datum reference
frame.
Curve segments New nominal points can be generated for the entire curve and also for
defined curve segments.
To do so, you have to define a start and end angle or a start and end
point for the corresponding curve segment. In this area, the nominal
points will be generated at your predefined angular distance. The curve
will be redefined exclusively from the new nominal points defined in this
way.

Changing nominal points in vector direction

You can change the nominal points of a curve by moving them in vector
direction.
You can
– move the curve in the direction of the normal vectors (offset curve,
especially for correcting stylus radius)
– project the curve perpendicularly to the cylinder axis onto the cylin-
der section in order to obtain a lift curve
1 Open the definition template of the curve.
2 Select Nominal Data " Nominal geometry manipulations "
Modify Nominals.
The Modify Nominals window appears on the screen.
3 To move the curve points, select the in vector direction tab.

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Defining the Curve feature

Modify nominals

in Vector direction Number Coordinate axes direction

Translation

Length

Stylus tip radius

Lift curve

Lift curve

Cylinder radius

Cylinder axis Around Z Axis

OK Cancel

4 To define the movement of the curve in normal direction, select the

Translation option and under Length enter the value by which you
want to move the curve.
5 If you have obtained the measured values of the curve by means of
digitization, click the Stylus radius button.
The radius of the stylus used is automatically entered in the input
field.
6 If you want to project the points of a curve onto a cylinder section to
create a lift curve, select the Lift curve option and specify the radius
and axis of the cylinder.
7 Click OK to confirm.
The nominal points are modified immediately.
Note: Please note that the nominal points of the curve are then recalcu-
lated internally. Applying this function again may accidentally change
the form of the curve.

Changing the number of points

You can change the number of nominal points of a curve.
This may be useful for a very large number of points, which would lead
to very slow probing.

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The modification of the nominal points regarding the step distance, the
number of points and the angular distance can also be specified for de-
fined curve segments.
1 Open the definition template of the curve.
2 Select Nominal Data " Nominal geometry manipulations "
Modify Nominals.
The Modify Nominals window appears on the screen.
3 To modify the number of nominal points, select the Number tab.

Modify Nominals

in vector direction Number Coordinate axes direction

Step Width 2.0000

Chord height 0.0100

Min. Point Distance 0.0000

Max. Point Distance 0.0000

Number of Points 50

Coordinates Distance Start

X 0.0000 0.0000

Y 0.0000 0.0000

Z 0.0000 0.0000

Dist. angle

Reference Around Z Axis

Dist. angle 5.0000

Start Angle 0.0000

Point 1

OK Cancel

4 Activate the Step Width, Chord height, Number of Points, Co-

ordinates or Dist. angle option and define the corresponding pa-
rameters for the whole curve.
— If, with activated Step Width, Number of Points or Dist. an-
gle option, you do not want to define the same parameters for
the entire curve but different parameters for individual curve seg-
ments, open the corresponding dialog box.
— Define the segments.
— Click OK to confirm.
5 Click OK to confirm.
The nominal points are modified immediately.

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Defining the Curve feature

Note: Please note that the nominal points of the curve are then recalcu-
lated internally. Applying this function again may accidentally change
the form of the curve.

Changing nominal points in the coordinate axis

direction
You can move the nominal points of a curve in the direction of the coor-
dinate axis or rotate them around the coordinate axis.
1 Open the definition template of the curve.
2 Select Nominal Data " Nominal geometry manipulations "
Modify Nominals.
The Modify Nominals window appears on the screen.
3 To move or rotate the curve in the direction of the coordinate axes,
select the Coordinate axes direction tab.

Modify Nominals

in vector direction Number Coordinate axes direction

Translation
Along X 0.0000

Along V 0.0000

Along Z 0.0000

Rotation

Around X axis 0.0000

Around V axis 0.0000

Around Z axis 0.0000

Constant Value
X

OK Cancel

4 Enter the values by which you wish to mode and/or rotate the curve
in the Translation or Rotation area.
5 If you wish to set a fixed value for individual coordinates of all curve
points, define a value under Constant Value.
6 Click OK to confirm.

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 Defining the Curve feature

The nominal points are modified immediately.

Note: Please note that the nominal points of the curve are then recalcu-
lated internally. Applying this function again may accidentally change
the form of the curve.

Working with the nominals list

Using the Nominal Data option in the Features window, you edit all
curve points in common, whereas, in the Nominals list, you edit the in-
dividual curve points:
– Showing points in the CAD model
– Deleting points
– Editing point coordinates in the Point window
– Adding a new single point
– Copying a single point and insert it at another place
– Changing the order of two consecutive points
– Inverting all vectors (exchanging inside and outside)

Editing the single points of the nominals list

1 Open the definition template of the curve and click the Change to
Point List button.
The nominal points list is opened.

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Defining the Curve feature

2 Highlight the desired single points using the mouse; multiple selec-
tion is possible for several consecutive points.
Triangles appear in the first column of the list.
3 Open the context menu.

Show Points
Delete
Edit
Insert point before
Insert point after
Copy
Paste before
Paste after
Reverse points
Invert vectors

4 Select an entry to edit the single points.

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 Defining the Curve feature

Considering material thickness in nominal values

Usually, material thicknesses of less than 0.5 mm are not considered in
drawings. The surface or curve is drawn without thickness and the “ma-
terial thickness” attribute is assigned.
With CALYPSO, the nominal values used for controlling can be tempo-
rarily shifted by the material thickness, thus taking the sheet thickness
into account.

NOTE
The errors are calculated and output referenced to the original nominal
points of the curve.

Positive or negative val- You have two options of defining the material thickness:
ues – If you enter the sheet thickness as a positive dimension, the nominal
points are moved temporarily by the sheet thickness in the direction
of the nominal vectors. The control uses these values for scanning
according to nominal data.
Temporary nominal
points for machine
control

Nominal curve with normals

Sheet thickness

– If you enter the sheet thickness as a negative measure, the nominal

points are temporarily moved by the sheet thickness counter to the
nominal vectors and the nominal vectors are temporarily inverted.
Temporary nominal
points for machine
control

Sheet thickness

Nominal curve with normals

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Defining the Curve feature

You can, for example, use this procedure if you do not want to mea-
sure on the lower side of the material. You measure on the upper
side and obtain actual values as if measuring on the lower side.

When using this function, it may be possible that the curve cannot be
reached anymore without collision. In this case, you should use interme-
diate points.

Adopting the deviations of a reference curve

In CALYPSO, you can adopt the actual deviations of a measured 2D
curve (the reference curve) for the nominal values of the current 2D
curve. This makes sense if the workpiece has a number of curved lines of
the same shape at different positions.
This function has been conceived for use in conjunction with the Nomi-
nal Data " Parameter Data function (see ➤ Basics about the point
generator [⇨ 1-13]). Here, you use the point generator to create a paral-
lel group of curves which are then measured one after the other.
As an example, there are two curves on the same workpiece, curve 2
being shifted exactly 100 mm from curve 1 in Y. If it turns out on mea-
suring curve 1 that the actual deviations always lie in a certain range
(e.g. approx. 0.5 mm), it can be assumed that the results also deviate by
this value (0.5 mm) for curve 2. In order to avoid a collision, you can
shift the nominal points of curve 2 by 0.5 mm.
Another example of the application would be to use a single parameter
file for all different sizes of workpieces of a certain line of products (e.g.
monitors). The required curves are created from a file with only one off-
set for the workpiece size. In this way, the entire line of products can be
measured using one file.
1 Open the definition template of the 2D curve to which the deviation
of a reference curve is to be added.
2 Select Nominal Data " Additional " Move parallel curve.
You can see the Reference Feature window in which all defined
2D curves are listed.

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 Defining the Curve feature

Reference Feature
Curve1
Curve2

OK Cancel

3 Highlight the name of the curve you want to use as reference curve.
If no values have yet been measured for this curve, a message is is-
sued.
4 Click the OK button.
CALYPSO will convert the deviations of the reference curve to the cur-
rent curve immediately.

Adding nominal points of a curve to the current

curve
You can complement the nominal points of a curve by the nominal
points of a different curve. This makes it possible to put several curves
together to one single curve.
1 Open the definition template of the curve.
2 Select Nominal Data " Nominal geometry manipulations "
Read nominal values.
The File Selection window appears on the screen.

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Defining the Curve feature

File Selection

ASCII Files Import to CNC

VDA Files Settings

Append nominal points

Stroke Data Axial stroke curve

Path radius

Tapped Radius

Angle input in radians

OK Cancel

3 Select the Append nominal points option and click the Curve se-
lection icon.
The Reference Feature window, containing a list of all curves of
the measurement plan, is opened.
4 Select the desired curve and confirm with OK.
The nominal points of the selected curve are now added to the nominal
points of the current curve.

Correcting the nominal curve values by an offset

You can compensate the known nominal data or workpiece errors by
correcting the nominal data by an offset value. The offset is calculated
from the determined deviations (distance between point and spline) of
the curve values and added to each nominal curve value.
You have the following options for determining the offset:
– Average
– Maximum value
– Minimum value
– Standard deviation
– Arithmetic average calculated from the largest and shortest distance
– Any entry

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 Defining the Curve feature

1 Open the definition template of the curve and click the Evaluation
button.
The Evaluation dialog box is opened.
2 On the Standard tab under Offset, tick the Offset check box.
3 Click the Parameters for offset calculation icon.
The Offset window for selecting the offset calculation will be dis-
played.

Offset

Offset

Average value Standard deviation

Maximum value (Maximum+Minimum) / 2

Minimum value

Once-only offset correction of nominals!! Execute

OK Cancel

4 Select the mode of offset calculation and click Execute.

5 Confirm the message regarding the change of nominal values by
clicking Yes.
The Offset window is closed.
6 Close the Evaluation window with OK.
The selected offset is now added to all nominal curve values.

NOTE
If you apply your entries not pressing Execute, but pressing OK, the
offset will be added to the measured curve values instead of the nomi-
nal curve values (see ➤ Adding an offset to a curve [⇨ 1-154]).

Checking the nominal vectors of a curve

In CALYPSO, the curve is only defined by points and directions. There-
fore, after defining the curves nominal data, you should check two im-
portant things concerning the nominal vectors:

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Defining the Curve feature

– Has a nominal vector been defined for each curve point?

If there are no nominal vectors for some (or all) points, you can enter
them manually (see How to change the nominal vectors of the
curve).
– Is the direction of the nominal vectors OK?
The nominal vectors must always point away from the part. A nomi-
nal vector must never point into the material of the part.

If a nominal vector has the wrong direction, this will invariably result in
a collision because the approach direction of the CMM will be wrong.

To check the nominal vectors, you have the following options:

– You can check the vectors in the CAD window – this is the quickest
and most reliable way. You can display each curve point with its
nominal vector (refer to ➤ The context menu for curves in the CAD
window [⇨ 1-80]).
– You can check the nominal vectors using the direction components
in the definition template.
If you just need to change the directions of all nominal vectors at once,
you can also use the Change Direction button.

Changing the nominal vectors of the curve

Each curve point is determined by three point coordinates and a normal
vector. For each curve you can use in CALYPSO, the normal vectors of
the nominal points are in the same direction (see ➤ Basics about curve
measurement [⇨ 1-2]).
It is possible to modify the nominal vectors as follows:
– by perpendicularly aligning to the axis of a reference feature
– by aligning parallel to the axis of a reference feature
– by rotating through a given angle about the tangent of the curve
– by determining through manual input
1 Open the definition template of the curve.
2 Select Nominal Data " Nominal Geometry Manipulations "
Change nominal vectors.
You define the new direction in the Change Nominal Vectors of
Curve window.

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 Defining the Curve feature

Change Nominal Vectors of Curve

Reference Vector

NX CylTopCe
Perpendicular To PlaFron
PointTop
NY PlaSlant
Parallel To PlaLe
NZ CylBaCe

Rotation around tangent Angle

Auxiliary curve from Meas. Plan

Auxiliary points from ASCII file

Modify Close

3 To determine the nominal vectors by a reference vector:

— Select whether you want to align the nominal vectors Perpen-
dicular to or Parallel to a reference feature.
— Select from the list the feature to be used as reference for the
change, thus applying the axis as Reference Vector.
— - or -
— Go to Reference Vector and enter the NX, NY and NZ directional
components.
4 If you want to rotate the vectors around the tangent of the curve:
— Mark the Rotation around tangent radio button.
— Enter the angle of rotation in the Angle field.
5 Click Modify to apply the change.
The new direction for the nominal vectors will be taken over from
these values.
6 Click OK to close the window.

Creating new nominal vectors of the 3D curve

Each curve point is determined by three point coordinates and a normal
vector (also see ➤ Basics about curve measurement [⇨ 1-2]). If, when
transferring nominal curve points, e.g. from a file, no nominal vectors
have been transferred, the curve definition will be incomplete. CALYPSO
requires the nominal vectors for the measurement.
In such a case, you can newly create the missing nominal vectors. You
have the following options:

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Defining the Curve feature

– Calculation using an auxiliary curve of the measurement plan

– Import from an ASCII file
1 Open the definition template of the 3D curve.
2 Select Nominal Data " Nominal Geometry Manipulations "
Change nominal vectors.
You define the directions in the Change Nominal Vectors of Curve
window.

Change Nominal Vectors of Curve

Reference Vector

NX CylTopCe
Perpendicular To PlaFron
PointTop
NY PlaSlant
Parallel To PlaLe
NZ CylBaCe

Rotation around tangent Angle

Auxiliary curve from Meas. Plan

Auxiliary points from ASCII file

Modify Close

3 To compute the nominal vectors using an auxiliary curve: Select

Auxiliary curve from Meas. Plan and enter the name of the
curve or click the icon and select the corresponding curve.
For computing, CALYPSO uses the nominal point to determine a
plane perpendicular to the tangent and determines the intersection
point with the auxiliary curve. Then the direction of the new nominal
vector results from the crossing product of the vector from the nomi-
nal point to the intersection point and the vector of the tangent.

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 Defining the Curve feature

Resulting normal

Intersection

Auxiliary curve

Tangent of the
nominal point

Note: Make sure that the selected auxiliary curve is as close as possi-
ble to the original curve and has a similar form. To allow the inter-
section points to be computed, the auxiliary curve must be at least as
long as the original curve.
4 To import the nominal vectors from a file: Select Auxiliary points
from ASCII file and enter the path and name of the file or click the
icon and select the corresponding file.
The file must be in the usual ASCII file format for describing curves
(see ➤ Reference: Format of the ASCII file [⇨ 1-12]).
5 Click Modify to apply the change.
The new direction for the nominal vectors will be taken over from
these values.
6 Click OK to close the window.

Changing the approach direction of the 3D curve

The approach direction of the 3D curve is used to position the CMM be-
fore carrying out measurements. It is shown with a blue arrow at the
first curve point in the CAD window.
You can change this approach direction for the 3D curve measurement.
1 Open the definition template of the 3D curve.
2 Select Nominal Data " Additional " Change approach direc-
tion vector.

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Defining the Curve feature

Direction vector for approach direction

Default

NX

NY

NZ

For the !rst point only

Approach direction in the plane
Approach direction vertical to plane

Modify Close

The Direction vector for approach direction window shows the com-
ponents of the current approach vector in the base alignment.
3 Select Approach direction in the plane.
- or -
Select Approach direction vertical the plane.
- or -
Select For the first point only and define another approach direc-
tion:
— Enter the vector components directly.
- or -
— Click Default to accept the default setting (with 2D curves the
normal vector of the intersection plane and with 3D curves the
normal vector of the first curve point).
- or -
— Highlight a feature in the list. The appropriate normal vector will
be entered as approach vector.
The direction vector will be changed automatically whenever a
change is made so that you can check the effect of your entry.
4 Press Modify to confirm.
The new approach direction will be accepted according to your en-
tries.
5 Click OK to close the window.

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 Defining the Curve feature

Smoothing digitized nominal data of the curve

If the nominal values of the curve are distorted as they have been cre-
ated by digitizing, the CMM and the rotatory table will not run harmo-
niously when scanning according to nominal data. You have the possi-
bility to smooth the nominal data in order to obtain a harmonious
movement of CMM and rotary table. This will be realized by low-pass fil-
tering.
1 Open the definition template for the 2D curve whose nominal values
have been created by digitizing.
2 Click the Strategy button.
The Strategy window is opened.
3 Open the segment.
4 Double-click the Segment entry.
The Segment window is opened.

Segment

Curve2

Unknown contour
Settings
Expected tolerance 0.0000
Speed 3.0000
Step width 1.3349
Number of points 124
Chord height 0.1000
Nominal values
Stylus #1 Stylus 1

Settings Special
Smoothing
Smooth nominal points Lambda: 16.5628
4.0 82.7

Transfer smoothed nominal points

OK Reset

5 On the Special Settings tab, tick the Smooth nominal points

check box and enter the Lambda value in the input field or by means
of the slider.
The display in the CAD window will show you which Lambda value is
suitable.

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Defining the Curve feature

6 Click the Transfer smoothed nominal points button.

Note: After overwriting with the smoothed nominal points, it will not
be possible to restore the “old” points.
7 If you are sure, answer the confirmation prompt by clicking Yes.
The previous nominal points are now replaced by the smoothed ones.

Checking the clearance planes of a curve

When you define a feature, CALYPSO assigns clearance planes to the
feature. In the case of curve measurement, you should check this auto-
matic assignment to make sure that the clearance planes really guaran-
tee a safe approach for the CMM. If the approach is not safe, make the
requisite changes as described in the Basic Operating Instructions under
Editing the travel paths.

Accelerating curve measurement

When measuring and evaluating curves, several factors may cause CA-
LYPSO to execute a number of operations which take a while to per-
form. All the calculations and operations are not always needed to
achieve your desired or required accuracy.
Making certain changes in parameters and settings is often enough to
achieve a sufficiently accurate result at a reasonable effort.
CALYPSO analyses your entries for the definition of the curve and gives
recommendations on the acceleration of evaluations.
Conditions
– The definition template of the curve is open.
1 Click the icon for Potential for accelerating the curve evalua-
tion located on the right above the discrete point view/point list.
The Acceleration potential dialog box appears on the screen.

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 Defining the Curve feature

Acceleration potential
Search distance for the distance calculation

Found:
Recommended:

Point scanning

Found: Step Width / 2.0000

Recommended: Step Width / 0.500

Nominal point information

Found: Number: 66 / Distance: 1.444

Recommended: Distance: 1.000

Possible settings for increasing performance during the curve evaluation

Close

2 Read the recommendations and use them if necessary.

The measurement runs are accelerated.

Exporting nominal values of curves in the

ZEISS CALYPSO format
You can export the nominal data of one or more curves together with
additional data on the stylus system, styli, scanning speed, step size, and
segments to a file in the ZEISS CALYPSO format. If you select multiple
curves simultaneously, the nominal data of these curves will be exported
to a single common file.
1 Activate the feature list in the measurement plan area.
2 Select the curves whose nominal data are to be exported.
3 Select Create curve file in ZEISS CALYPSO format in the context
menu.
The File Selection dialog box appears on the screen.
4 Enter the directory and the desired file name for the ZEISS CALYPSO
file.

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Defining the Curve feature

5 Click OK to confirm.
The nominal values of the curves and the additional data are ex-
ported to a file in the ZEISS CALYPSO format.

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 Defining constructions with the aid of curves

Defining constructions with the aid of curves

What is a construction?
Specially constructed elements of a workpiece that cannot be probed di-
rectly, e.g. the center of a bore or the intersection of two features.
These features can be calculated using features that can be probed. CA-
LYPSO provides different constructions for this purpose.
With CALYPSO, you can mathematically construct regular geometric ele-
ments and, in this way, define the feature you require. You can also pa-
rameterize the features to be constructed, i.e. by using formulas.
You can use either the actual or nominal geometry for the construction.

NOTE
As constructions cannot be probed, automatic feature recognition is
not available here.

In the measurement plan, a construction is indicated by the letter “T”

next to the icon. CALYPSO supports the following constructions for
curves:
– Minimum Point construction
– Maximum Point construction
– Intersection construction

Minimum/Maximum Point constructions

You can also define the following constructions with the aid of curves:
– Minimum Point
– Maximum Point
To do so, add the construction to the measurement plan via Construct
" Minimum Point or Maximum Point.
Use You can, for example, use the Maximum Point construction if the far-
thest external point is required for the alignment of turbine blades.
Definition The construction is defined via the definition template (example: Mini-
mum Point).

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Defining constructions with the aid of curves

The result of the construction is a point with the smallest or largest value
in the direction of the defined axis or the smallest or largest deviation
from the nominal point.
You can edit this point in the same way as other points.

Intersection construction
You can intersect curves with other features. To do so, add the Intersec-
tion construction to the measurement plan via Construct " Intersec-
tion.
You can intersect a curve with the following features:

Feature intersects... Curve: 3D Curve:

2-D Line Intersection points of the curve Intersection points of the curve
with the plane of the 2D line with the plane of the 2D line
3-D Line Intersection points of the curve –
with the line projected into the
plane of the curve
Plane Intersection points of the curve Intersection points of the curve
with the plane with the plane

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 Defining constructions with the aid of curves

Feature intersects... Curve: 3D Curve:

Symme- Intersection points of the curve Intersection points of the curve
try Plane with the center plane with the center plane
Circle Intersection points of the curve Intersection points of the curve
with the associated cylinder sec- with the associated cylinder sec-
tion tion
Cylinder Intersection points of the curve Intersection points of the curve
with the cylinder axis or cylinder with the cylinder axis or cylinder
section section
Cone Intersection points of the curve –
with the cone axis projected into
the plane of the curve

CALYPSO usually contains several intersection points, being numbered

according to their arrangement on the curve. You then select one of
these points as the result of the intersection.

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Defining tolerances for a curve

Defining tolerances for a curve

Overview: Defining tolerances for a curve

In the definition template for the curve, the tolerances can be defined as
follows:
– ➤ Entering tolerances for the entire curve [⇨ 1-61]
– ➤ Entering tolerances for tolerance segments [⇨ 1-62]
– ➤ Importing tolerances for tolerance segments from file [⇨ 1-64]
– ➤ Calculating linear tolerances for curve points [⇨ 1-68]
– ➤ Defining the curve jump tolerance for the entire curve [⇨ 1-72]

NOTE
These entries in the definition template do not automatically define any
characteristics and add them to the list of characteristics.

You can also import the tolerances together with the nominal values
from an ASCII file or have them imported during the CNC run:
– ➤ Importing files for nominal value definition of a curve [⇨ 1-8]
– ➤ Loading ASCII files for nominal value definition of a curve during
a CNC run [⇨ 1-11]
The dimensional tolerances refer to the nominal-actual comparison of
the curve points. You can enter an upper and/or lower tolerance.

upper tolerance

nominal curve

lower tolerance

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 Defining tolerances for a curve

Entering tolerances for the entire curve

The entry of the dimensional tolerances refers to the nominal-actual
comparison of the curve points. You can enter an upper and/or lower
tolerance.

upper tolerance

nominal curve

lower tolerance

1 Open the definition template of the curve.

2 Click the button for tolerances.
The definition template of the curve is extended.

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Defining tolerances for a curve

3 Enter a value for the Upper Tolerance and/or Lower Tolerance.

4 Click OK to close the definition template.
The tolerance you entered will be checked the next time the curve is
measured.

Entering tolerances for tolerance segments

The entry of the dimensional tolerances refers to the nominal-actual
comparison of the curve points. You can divide the curve into any num-
ber of segments and enter an upper and/or lower tolerance for each one
of these tolerance segments.

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 Defining tolerances for a curve

upper tolerance

nominal curve

lower tolerance

1 Open the definition template of the curve.

2 Click the button for tolerances.
The definition template of the curve is extended.
3 Enable Segment tolerances, then click the Settings button.
The Tolerance Segment Management dialog box appears on the
screen.

Tolerance Segment Management

From: To: Lower Tol. Upper Tol. Identifier

1 50 -0.10000 0.10000

51 100 -0.01000 0.01000 Pressure

101 124 -0.08000 0.05000 Tension

Segment tolerances
Add

Delete

Accept limits from strategy

ASCII Files
Read

Save

Mathematical Functions
Create Tolerance Segments

Create tolerance segments from curves

OK Cancel

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Defining tolerances for a curve

4 Click Accept limits from strategy to apply the curve segments

from the curve's strategy as tolerance segments.
5 As an alternative, you may create your own tolerance segments
manually.
— Use the Add and Delete buttons to create as many table rows as
the number of tolerance segments required.
— Click in the table and enter the start and end points of the toler-
ance segments.
6 Specify the upper and lower tolerances for the tolerance segments.
7 If required, enter designations for the tolerance segments.
Notice: The designations will be included in the printout if you select
Evaluate tolerance segments individually for the Curve Form or
Line Profile characteristics. If no designation is specifed, the tolerance
segments will be numbered in ascending order in the printout.
8 Confirm the window with OK and click OK to close the definition
template.
The tolerances specified will take effect the next time the curve is mea-
sured.

Reading tolerances from a file

Reading tolerances for segments from a file
The entry of the dimensional tolerances refers to the nominal-actual
comparison of the curve points. You can divide the curve into any num-
ber of segments and enter an upper and/or lower tolerance for each one
of these tolerance segments.
Note: You can also manually import the tolerances together with the
nominal values from an ASCII file or have them imported during the CNC
run:
➤ Importing files for nominal value definition of a curve [⇨ 1-8]
➤ Loading ASCII files for nominal value definition of a curve during a
CNC run [⇨ 1-11]

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 Defining tolerances for a curve

upper tolerance

nominal curve

lower tolerance

1 Open the definition template of the curve.

2 Click the button for tolerances.
The definition template of the curve is extended.
3 Activate Segment tolerances and then click the Settings button.
The Tolerance Segment Management dialog box appears on the
screen.

Tolerance Segment Management

From: To: Lower Tol. Upper Tol. Identifier

1 50 -0.10000 0.10000

51 100 -0.01000 0.01000 Pressure

101 124 -0.08000 0.05000 Tension

Segment tolerances
Add

Delete

Accept limits from strategy

ASCII Files
Read

Save

Mathematical Functions
Create Tolerance Segments

Create tolerance segments from curves

OK Cancel

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Defining tolerances for a curve

4 Under ASCII files, click the Read button and select in the Save file
window the ASCII file containing the tolerance segments.
5 Acknowledge the window with OK and click OK to close the defini-
tion template.
The tolerances you entered will apply the next time the curve is mea-
sured.

Reading tolerances with nominal values from a file

CALYPSO is able to load an ASCII file for defining the nominal values and
tolerances of the curve during the automatic measurement run. The
ASCII file must have a defined format (see ➤ Format of nominal value
files [⇨ 1-67]) and be available in the defined path.

To load an ASCII file during the CNC run:

1 Make sure you have the curve feature template open and displayed
on your screen, and that the chosen coordinate system fits the curve
to be imported.
2 Select Nominal Data " Nominal geometry manipulations "
Read nominal values.
The File Selection dialog box appears on the screen.

File Selection

ASCII Files Import to CNC

VDA Files Settings

Append nominal points

Stroke Data Axial stroke curve

Path radius

Tapped Radius

Angle input in radians

OK Cancel

3 Select the ASCII Files option and tick the Import to CNC check
box.

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 Defining tolerances for a curve

4 Enter the path and name of the ASCII file or select it in the file selec-
tion dialog.
5 Click OK to confirm.
The nominal values of the curve and its tolerances will only be deter-
mined during the CNC run on the basis of the selected file.

Reference: Format of tolerance segment files

The ASCII file with the tolerance segments of the curve and associated
upper and lower tolerances has the following format:
It consists of individual lines, each one defining a tolerance segment.
Each line is composed of entries separated by a tab, in the following or-
der: start point of the segment, end point of the segment, lower toler-
ance, upper tolerance, designation of the segment.

NOTE
The software versions preceding CALYPSO 2017 did not allow separate
definition of start point and designation. Tolerance files from these ver-
sions therefore only contain 3 columns but can still be imported.

Example The example below shows the structure of a tolerance file:

1 20 -0.1 0.1 segment_1

21 40 -0.2 0.2 segment_2
41 66 -0.3 0.3 segment_3
67 67 -0.32 0.32 segment_4
68 100 -0.3 0.3 segment_5
101 200 -0.2 0.2 segment_6

The entries in the first line of this file have the following meaning:
From point 1 to point 20, the tolerances [-0.1; 0.1] apply The name of
the segment is segment_1.

Reference: Format of nominal-value files

To ensure that nominal curve values and, if desired, also tolerances and
masking data can be loaded correctly by CALYPSO during the CNC run,
they must be available in an ASCII file in a defined format.
File format Every data line of the file contains at least six values, separated by tabs
and blanks.
Only the first ten values are interpreted, namely as the three coordinates
of the point, the three components of the nominal vector, the lower and
upper tolerances, and the masking data.

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Defining tolerances for a curve

If fewer than ten values are available, no masking and, if fewer than
eight values are available, no tolerances will be imported.
Additionally, the file may contain one or several header lines. These lines
will not be evaluated.

NOTE
The nominal vector does not need to be standardized.

Example:

XNOM YNOM ZNOM UNOM VNOM WNOM lTol uTol maskEval maskBF
21.5926 0.5645 -2.0000 0.9946 0.1040 0.0000 -0.1 0.1 0 1
21.4906 2.1964 -2.0000 0.9949 0.1008 0.0000 -0.2 0.1 0 1
21.2688 3.7612 -2.0000 0.9846 0.1749 0.0000 -0.2 0.2 0 1
20.9286 5.3328 -2.0000 0.9688 0.2480 0.0000 -0.2 0.2 0 1
20.4721 6.8744 -2.0000 0.9475 0.3196 0.0000 -0.2 0.2 0 1
19.9015 8.3780 -2.0000 0.9210 0.3895 0.0000 -0.2 0.2 0 0
19.2201 9.8346 -2.0000 0.8893 0.4573 0.0000 -0.2 0.1 0 0
18.4322 11.2355 -2.0000 0.8525 0.5277 0.0000 -0.3 0.3 0 0
17.5409 12.5736 -2.0000 0.8111 0.5849 0.0000 -0.3 0.3 0 0
16.5523 13.8422 -2.0000 0.7654 0.6435 0.0000 -0.3 0.2 0 0
15.4728 15.0333 -2.0000 0.7152 0.6990 0.0000 -0.3 0.2 0 0
14.3064 16.1402 -2.0000 0.6606 0.7560 0.0000 -0.3 0.1 0 0
13.0604 17.1559 -2.0000 0.6026 0.7980 0.0000 -0.3 0.2 0 0
11.7418 18.0767 -2.0000 0.5417 0.8406 0.0000 -0.4 0.2 0 0
10.3589 18.8968 -2.0000 0.5442 0.8389 0.0000 -0.4 0.1 0 0
9.2574 19.6652 -2.0000 0.6607 0.7506 0.0000 -0.4 0.1 0 0

Having tolerances for curve points calculated

You do not need to enter the curve tolerances manually, but can have
them calculated by CALYPSO.
Three calculation methods are available for this purpose:
– Tolerances as linear function with respect to the curve length
This method produces a regular ascent of the tolerance curve over
the entire curve length. Regardless of how close the points are lo-
cated, the ascent will always remain the same.

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 Defining tolerances for a curve

– Tolerances as linear function with respect to the point number

This method produces an ascent as a function of point density. The
closer the points are located, the higher is the ascent.
This calculation method is appropriate, for example, if, in the case of
cams, the tolerance is to depend on the angle instead of the curve
length.

– Generating tolerances from any curve of the measurement plan

The tolerances of each nominal point result from the distance to the
upper and the lower tolerance curve in the nominal normal direction.

Having curve tolerances calculated

1 Open the definition template of the curve.
2 Click the button for tolerances.
The definition template of the curve is extended.
3 Activate Segment tolerances and then click Settings.
4 To generate tolerance segments from curves, click the icon next to
Create Tolerance Segments under Mathematical Functions in
theTolerance Segment Management window.
The Import with Function dialog box is opened.

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Defining tolerances for a curve

— Select the type of linear function.

— Enter the numbers of start and end point as well as the corre-
sponding tolerances.
— Confirm the dialog and close the Tolerance Segment Manage-
ment.
5 To generate tolerance segments from curves, click the icon next to
Create tolerance segments from curves under Mathematical
Functions in theTolerance Segment Management window.
The Import with Function dialog box is opened.

— Select the curve for generation of the upper tolerances

— Select the curve for generation of the lower tolerances
— Confirm the dialog and close the Tolerance Segment Manage-
ment.
The tolerances thus calculated will apply the next time the curve is mea-
sured.

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 Defining tolerances for a curve

Curve jump tolerance

The curve jump tolerance refers to the differences between the nominal-
actual deviations of the curve points. So the curve jump tolerance indi-
cates how much the curve may change within a certain range. It is gen-
erally independent of the curve form tolerance.

Curve jump tolerance via characteristic

To define and measure the curve jump tolerance of a curve in CALYPSO,
add the Curve Jump characteristic to the measurement plan. You have
various options to define this parameter: You can define the measuring
range based on numbers of points, longitudinal sections, and angular
sectors and specify different tolerance values for different curve seg-
ments.
For more information, see ➤ Defining the Curve Jump characteristic
[⇨ 1-128].

Curve jump tolerance with limited options

In measurement plans created with versions earlier than CALYPSO 2017,
an additional option is to enable the curve jump tolerance for the entire
curve in the Curve feature. If you select this curve as the feature for a
Curve Form characteristic, the curve jump tolerance will be evaluated
during the next measurement and indicated in the printout.
Activation of the curve jump tolerance in the Curve feature provides less
options than with the Curve ump feature. To specify the size of the mea-
suring range, enter “n” as the number of points. n + 1 neighboring
points will be measured then. For tolerance evaluation, the program ex-
amines the actual-nominal deviations of the points and determines their
maximum and minimum values in the respective ranges. The curve is out
of tolerance in this range if the difference between the minimum and
the maximum deviation is greater than the specified value.
The following figure shows the calculation of the curve jump when
checking the curve jump tolerance for the entire curve with n = 4. The
measurement includes the areas of n + 1 neighboring points.

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Defining tolerances for a curve

Evaluation range n = 4

Nominal

Actual

The nominal-actual deviations for each point are shown in the diagram.
The difference between the maximum and minimum deviation applies to
points 3 and 5 in the shaded area.

Defining the curve jump tolerance for the

entire curve
Only in measurement plans created with versions earlier than CALYPSO
2017, you can define the curve jump tolerance for the entire curve in
the feature's definition template.

NOTE
Activation of the curve jump tolerance in the Curve feature will not be
effective in measurement plans created with CALYPSO 2017 or more re-
cent versions. To measure the curve jump tolerance, add a ➤ Curve
Jump characteristic [⇨ 1-128] to the measurement plan.
The Curve jump characteristic provides numeros possibilities: You can
define the measuring ranges in different ways and divide the curve into
segments with different tolerance values.
1 Open the definition template of the curve.
2 Click the button for tolerances.
The definition template of the curve is extended.
3 Tick the Curve jump tolerance check box and click Settings.

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 Defining tolerances for a curve

Curve jump tolerance

Evaluation every n points

Jump Tolerance: 9999,9008

OK Cancel

4 Enter the size of the evaluation range and the Jump Tolerance
value and confirm by clicking OK.
Measurement of the curve jump tolerance is enabled. If you select
this curve as the feature for a Curve Form characteristic, the curve
jump tolerance will be evaluated during the next measurement and
indicated in the printout.
The following example shows how the result is displayed:
Curve jump tolerance: 0.0125 (5) (No: 36-40 -> 0.0043)

This means: The curve jump tolerance has been determined based on n
= 5 and a tolerance value of 0.0125. In the range of the points 36 to 40,
the curve jump tolerance was exceeded by 0.0043.

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Result calculation of a curve

Result calculation of a curve

Basics about result calculation

CALYPSO calculates the actual curve from the measured points by inter-
polation with the aid of spline functions.

NOTE
CALYPSO can process a maximum of 20,000 points for a curve. More
than 20,000 points may lead to errors.

The following settings are important for the definition of the results of
the curve measurement:
– the selected calculation of the deviation
– the selected projection

Calculation of deviations for the curve

Overview of the calculation methods
The calculation method for the deviations is set in the definition tem-
plate for the curve in the selection field under the Comment button.
The following methods are available:
– ➤ Nominal Vector Direction [⇨ 1-75]
– ➤ Actual -> Nominal [⇨ 1-75]
– ➤ Nominal in plane [⇨ 1-76] (only for plane 3D curves)
– ➤ Actual in plane [⇨ 1-76] (only for plane 3D curves)
– ➤ in X direction [⇨ 1-76] (only for 3D curves)
– ➤ in Y direction [⇨ 1-76] (only for 3D curves)
– ➤ in Z direction [⇨ 1-76] (only for 3D curves)
– ➤ Space Point Evaluation [⇨ 1-77] (only for 2D curves)
– ➤ Grid coordinates [⇨ 1-77] (only for 2D curves)
– ➤ Radial deviation [⇨ 1-78] (only for 2D curves)
– ➤ Space Point Evaluation (without interpolation) [⇨ 1-78] (only for
2D curves)
The following terms are important in order to understand the different
deviation calculations:

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Term Definition
Measured point Measured point (center of the stylus)
Measured curve Spline from the measured points
Actual curve Equidistant curve in the stylus radius distance from the measured
curve
Nominal point Point used to define the feature
Nominal curve Spline through the nominal points
Nominal vector Normal vector from the nominal point to the outside
Actual point Calculated surface point
in case of a deviation in the actual vector direction: measured point
corrected by the stylus radius
if the actual curve is calculated as a spline: intersection point of the
nominal vector with the actual curve

Deviation in nominal vector direction

The deviation in nominal vector direction is measured at each nomi-
nal point in the direction of the normal vector up to actual point (the in-
tersection with the actual curve).

Measuring curve
Actual curve

Nominal curve

Actual -> nominal deviation

The Actual -> Nominal deviation means the distance between the
point located on the actual curve that belongs to the measuring point
and the nominal curve.

Measuring curve
Actual curve

Nominal curve

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Result calculation of a curve

Nominal in plane deviation

(only for plane 3D curves) The Nominal in plane deviation is the dis-
tance from the nominal point to the intersection with the projection of
the actual point onto the intersection plane perpendicular to normal
vector and to the actual tangent.

Nominal vector
direction

Point of the
Actual point measured curve

Nominal point Projected actual point

Actual in plane deviation

(for plane 3D curves only) The Actual in plane deviation is the distance
from the corrected measuring point located perpendicular to the normal
vector and the actual tangent projected into the intersection plane to
the corresponding point on the nominal curve (located in the intersec-
tion plane).

Nominal vector
direction

Corrected
measured
point Measured point

Point of the Corrected and projected

nominal curve measured point

Deviation in coordinate direction

The deviations in X direction, in Y direction, and in Z direction are
the components of the distance between nominal point and actual
curve in the three axis directions of the base alignment.

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 Result calculation of a curve

Actual curve

Actual point Z

Nominal curve
X

Nominal point
Y

Space point evaluation (only for 2D curves)

The deviation with space point evaluation is the distance between
the nominal point and the intersection in nominal vector direction with
the measuring curve, corrected by the stylus radius.

Measuring curve

Nominal curve

Deviation in grid coordinates (2D curves only)

To calculate the deviation in grid coordinates, the nominal vector from
the nominal point to the intersection with the actual curve will be split
into components parallel to the grid coordinate axes.
The deviation is then the length of the larger component.

Measuring curve

Actual curve

Nominal curve
u

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Result calculation of a curve

Radial deviation (2D curves only)

The radial deviation is calculated radially to a reference point of a ref-
erence feature as the distance between nominal point and actual curve
along the radius beam.
This deviation calculation is required e.g. for evaluating camshafts.

Measuring curve
Actual curve

Nominal curve

Reference point

Space Point Evaluation (without interpolation)

The closest measuring point is searched for each nominal point. This
measuring point will then be corrected by the stylus radius in the nomi-
nal vector direction. The distance between the corrected measuring
point and the curve point projected on the nominal vector is output as
deviation.

Measurement
points
Actual points

Nominal points

Projection of the results for the curve

The selected calculation of the deviations and the set projection are cru-
cial for the results of the curve measurement.

Projection of 2D curves
For projection of 2D curves, enter a plane onto which the measured
curve points are to be projected. This results in a two-dimensional curve.
You can set projection onto one of the following planes:

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– Linear nominal plane (only when measuring): choose from several

planes; the points are vertically projected onto the nominal plane.
– Circular nominal plane (only when measuring): choose from several
planes; the points are projected onto the nominal plane along the
rotation surface to be selected.
– Measured planes (only when digitizing): any measured plane, for ex-
ample to include the sheet thickness.
– X/Y-Plane, Y/Z-Plane, Z/X-Plane (digitizing only)
– Compensating plane (only when digitizing): the plane determined
from the measured values of the curve.

Projection of 3D curves
In the case of 3D curves, it is only possible to set the projection for lift
curves and threaded curves.
Lift curves You can set the following for lift curves under Projection:
– No projection: the deviations are evaluated in the nominal vector
direction.
– Lift curve: the deviations are projected onto the cylinder section.
Threaded curves With threaded curves, (Thread check box under 3D curve on the Spe-
cial functions tab in the Evaluation dialog box), you can evaluate de-
viations in different planes. To do this, you must first set the deviation
calculation in Nominal Vector Direction and then the projection for
the evaluation of the measured points:
– No projection: the deviations are evaluated in the nominal vector
direction.
– Vertical projection: the measured values are projected onto the
plane perpendicular to the thread and then evaluated.
– Helix projection: the measured values are projected along a helical
line onto the nominal plane of the profile intersection and then eval-
uated. The helix is predefined by the thread parameters.
Thread

Intersection plane
perpendicular to the thread

The evaluation range is an

intersection of the threading
with the intersection plane

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Using curves in the CAD window

Using curves in the CAD window

Curve in the CAD window

The principles for the functioning and use of the CAD model in the CAD
window for the curve measurement are the same as those described in
the Basic Operating Instructions under Working with the CAD window.
There are, however, a number of other, useful settings and commands
for working with curves. You can call these settings and commands via
the ➤ context menu of the curve in the CAD window [⇨ 1-80].
You can define some of the settings and commands of the context
menu as well as other ➤ additional displays [⇨ 1-81] in the Meas.
Point Display window.

Context menu for the curve in the CAD

window
NOTE
These additional commands are available only when you have the curve
definition template open.

Command Function
Show Nominal Points Shows the individual nominal points in yellow. The type of presenta-
tion is defined in the Meas. Point Display window.
Show Actual Points Shows the actual points in green and red. The type of presentation is
defined in the Meas. Point Display window.
The points shown in red will not be considered for the evaluation. This
command will only be available once the curve has been measured.
Display Measured Shows the measured points in green and red. The type of presenta-
Points tion is defined in the Meas. Point Display window.
The points shown in red will not be considered for the evaluation. This
command will only be available once the curve has been measured.
2D View Displays the curve's plane (2D curves only).
Magnification Shows a magnified view of the curve. Select the magnification factor
from the submenu.
Show Point Numbers Displays the numbers of the curve's nominal points.
Show Tolerance Lines Displays the tolerance lines of the curve. These lines are displayed
along with the curve.
Properties Opens the Meas. Point Display window for making additional set-
tings for the presentation.

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 Using curves in the CAD window

Defining the curve display

For a better overview of the measuring results, you can display the nom-
inal points, measured points and actual points of the curve in the CAD
window in different ways.
The context menu of the curve allows you to define whether the points
are displayed; the type of presentation is defined in the Meas. Point
Display window.
Conditions
– The definition template of the curve is open.
1 Select Properties in the context menu of the CAD window.
The Meas. Point Display dialog box is opened.

Meas. Point Display

Show Nominal Points

Show Actual Points

Presentation Arrows

Magnification

Display Additional Elements

Connection Lines Act. Point->Nom. Point

2D View

Nominal vectors

all nominal points

Close

2 Define whether nominal points, actual points and masked points are
displayed.
3 Define the type of presentation of the points.
4 Enter the magnification of the deviation if necessary.
5 If needed, activate additional settings:
— Connection Lines Act. Point->Nom. Point

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Using curves in the CAD window

— 2D View: Shows the curve in the plane of the CAD window

— Displaying nominal vectors
— Displaying all nominal points

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 Measuring strategy for the curve

Measuring strategy for the curve

Particularities for the curve

There is no difference in layout between the Strategy window for the
curve and the Strategy window for the other features (see in the Basic
Operating Instructions under Measurement strategies for features).
The difference is in the point list, which has an extended function in it-
self and in connection with creating segments. Consequently, it is de-
scribed separately for the CNC Curve Measuring Software option (see ➤
Point list for the curve [⇨ 1-83]).
Another difference is that ➤ segments can be connected to measure-
ment groups [⇨ 1-90] in the strategy list. Different areas of a curve can
thus be measured with different parameters as well as like a segment as
regards traveling.

Point list for the curve

Basics about the point list
As this illustration shows, the point list of a curve contains more func-
tions in the Group section.

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Measuring strategy for the curve

Each nominal point of the curve is listed with its point number and its
X,Y and Z coordinates. You can use the Normal Vector, Actual
Points and Deviation buttons to decide which additional information
will be listed.
– Normal Vector: Each nominal point is listed with the direction
components of its normal vector.
– Actual Points: Each nominal point is compared with the calculated
actual point. If no actual points have been measured, the actual
points are represented by zero.
– Deviation: Each nominal point is listed together with the deviation
of the actual points in the direction of the normal vector and its di-
rection components.
– New segment: See ➤ How to divide a curve into segments
[⇨ 1-87].
The other features of the point list correspond to the description in the
Basic Operating Instructions under ➤ Point list [⇨ 1-83].

Working with the point list

You can view and edit the points of a curve in the point list. The tasks
you can undertake in the point list are as follows:
– Divide the curve into segments (see ➤ Dividing a curve into seg-
ments [⇨ 1-87]).
– Select display options for points (see ➤ Point list for the curve
[⇨ 1-83]).
– Save and print the point list (see ➤ Printing the point list or saving it
as file [⇨ 1-85]).
The point list has to be open if you want to use any of these functions.

Opening the point list

1 Open the Curve feature definition template.
2 Click the Strategy button.
The Strategy dialog box is opened.

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 Measuring strategy for the curve

3 Click the Point List button.

The list will show all points defined in the curve feature.

Printing the point list or saving it as file

You can print the point list of the measurement strategy or save it as file.
In a VDA file, you can only output either the actual values or the nomi-
nal values. In an ASCII file, you can output as desired actual values, nor-
mals and deviations either or in cartesian or in polar coordinates.

Printing the point list

1 Open the curve feature definition template.
2 Click the Strategy button.
3 Click the Point List button.
The Point List window is opened.

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Measuring strategy for the curve

4 Click the button with the printer icon to print the point list.
The list is sent to your printer.
5 Click the button with the diskette icon to save the point list as file.
The Curve Output window opens and you can define the parameters
and format for saving the list.

Curve Output

File Name C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Documents\Zeiss

Nominal Values X Nominal Y Nominal Z Nominal VDA File

Actual Values X Actual Y Actual Z Actual VDA FiIe

Additional Vectors Deviation

Polar coordinates

OK Reset

— Tick the check boxes to define the data to be saved in the point
list.

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 Measuring strategy for the curve

— To save the point list as a VDA file, tick the VDA File check box
under eitherNominal Values or Actual Values. The list is saved
as an ASCII file if none of the check boxes is ticked.
— Click OK to save.
The ASCII file is stored in the specified directory.
If VDA File is activated, the VDA will be displayed.
6 Enter the Receiving company, Element name and Element type
and confirm with OK.
7 Enter the directory and file name in the Selection VDA File win-
dow and click Save.
8 Click OK.
The point list is closed.

Scanning a contour
Steps for defining the scanning method
Curves are scanned along the segments of a curve whose points were
defined beforehand in the feature.
The procedure for defining the scanning method for curves differs
slightly from that of the other scans. You must begin by defining the
parts (segments) of the curve you want to scan.
You can then group the segments which allows you handle them as one
segment as regards traveling.
It is also possible to scan a known curve “like an unknown curve”.
Defining a scanning method is a three-step procedure:
– Define the general settings (see in the Basic Operating Instructions
under General settings for the path generation method).
These settings are the same for all scanning methods.
– Define segments (see ➤ Dividing a curve into segments [⇨ 1-87]).
– Group segments (see ➤ Grouping segments of a curve [⇨ 1-90]).
– Check the parameters for the scanning method (see ➤ Scanning
method for curves (known contour) [⇨ 1-91] and ➤ Scanning
method for curves (unknown contour) [⇨ 1-96]).

Dividing a curve into segments

The Strategy window offers two ways of defining a segment of an ex-
isting curve:

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Measuring strategy for the curve

– Specification of start point and end point (consecutive points)

– Specification of individual points (free choice)

Defining a segment from consecutive points

1 Click the New Curve Segment button.
A new (as yet undefined) segment is added to the strategy list.
2 Mark the new segment, right-click and select Edit from the context
menu.
The Segment window is opened.

Segment

Curve2

Unknown contour
Settings
Expected tolerance 0.0000
Speed 3.0000
Step width 1.3242
Number of points 125
Chord height 0.1000
Nominal values
Stylus #1 Stylus 1

Settings Special

Vector angle 0.0000

Trigger only
Simulation
Start point 1
End Point 125
Segment from all nominal points
Pre/post travel during scanning 0.0000
Material thickness 0.0000
Tangential probing

OK Reset

3 Enter the start point and end point and click OK to confirm.
The segment appears in the strategy list.

Defining a segment from freely selectable points

1 Click the Point List button.
You will see the point list where you define segments.
2 To select adjacent points for a segment:
— Click the point the segment should start with in the first column.

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 Measuring strategy for the curve

— Press and hold the shift key and click the end point.
All points between the first and the last point you have clicked are
marked with an arrow.

Point List

curve1

Group Normal Vector Actual Points Deviation New segment

Coordinate Representation

Cartesian

P-No X Nominal Y Nominal Z Nominal NX NY NZ

1 21,5000 0,0000 -2,0000 0,9970 0,0779 0,0000
2 21,4400 1,6070 -2,0000 0,9972 0,0747 0,0000
3 21,2600 3,2040 -2,0000 0,9888 0,1491 0,0000
4 20,9610 4,7840 -2,0000 0,9749 0,2225 0,0000
5 20,5450 6,3370 -2,0000 0,9556 0,2947 0,0000
6 20,0140 7,8550 -2,0000 0,9309 0,3653 0,0000
7 19,3710 9,3290 -2,0000 0,9010 0,4339 0,0000
8 18,6200 10,7500 -2,0000 0,8659 0,5002 0,0000
9 17,7640 12,1110 -2,0000 0,8261 0,5635 0,0000
10 16,8090 13,4050 -2,0000 0,7820 0,6233 0,0000
11 15,7610 14,6240 -2,0000 0,7332 0,6800 0,0000

OK Reset

3 To select freely spaced points for a segment:

— Click the point the segment should start with in the first column.
— Press and hold the Ctrl key and click each additional point to be
included in the segment.
All points you have clicked are marked with an arrow.

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Measuring strategy for the curve

Point List

curve1

Group Normal Vector Actual Points Deviation New segment

Coordinate Representation

Cartesian

P-No X Nominal Y Nominal Z Nominal NX NY NZ

1 21,5000 0,0000 -2, 0000 0,9970 0,0779 0,0000
2 21,4400 1,6070 -2, 0000 0,9972 0,0747 0,0000
3 21,2600 3, 2040 -2, 0000 0,9888 0,1491 0,0000
4 20,9610 4,7840 -2,0000 0,9749 0,2225 0,0000
5 20,5450 6,3370 -2, 0000 0,9556 0,2947 0,0000
6 20,0140 7,8550 -2,0000 0,9309 0,3653 0,0000
7 19,3710 9,3290 -2,0000 0,9010 0,4339 0,0000
8 18,6200 10,7500 -2,0000 0,8659 0,5002 0,0000
9 17,7640 12,1110 -2,0000 0,8261 0,5635 0,0000
10 16,8090 13,4050 -2,0000 0,7820 0,6233 0,0000
11 15,7610 14,6240 -2,0000 0,7332 0,6800 0,0000

OK Reset

4 Click the Create Segment button.

This opens the Segment Definition window with the numbers of
the start and end point.

Start Point 2

End Point 11

OK Reset

5 Click OK to close the definition of the segment.

The segment is automatically added to the strategy list.

Grouping segments of a curve

You can group segments that belong together to avoid having to move
the stylus to a free position and to approach the curve each time again.

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 Measuring strategy for the curve

In this case, the segments are considered as a measurement group. For

all other segments, the stylus of the first segment will be applied,
whereas the angle specifications will be applied for 4-axis scanning.
1 Insert the segments into the strategy window of the curve.

Strategy

curve1

Evasion Strategy Delete Strategy

Clearance Data
Segment
Segment Execute Now
Segment
Cut
Segment
Segment Copy

Paste

Edit

List

Invert

Group for the measurement

OK Reset

2 Select the segments that belong together and choose Group for
the measurement in the context menu.
The segments are renamed into Measurement Group Segment.
You can ungroup the segments with the same command.
3 Check the specifications for the stylus and the angles in the first seg-
ment. The specifications apply to all other segments of the measure-
ment group.
The measurement group is scanned as a single segment during the CNC
run. The scanning parameters (step width, speed, etc.) are taken from
the individual segments.

Scanning method for curves (known contour)

The scanning method for curves employs nominal values and segments,
but points can also be measured between the nominal points. It is also
possible to measure and represent the entire curve as a single segment.

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Measuring strategy for the curve

Segments of a curve You can measure a segment automatically using a CNC capable CMM.
Each curve can be divided into any number of segments, with specific
tolerances assigned to the respective segments.
A segment contains any number of points of an existing curve: These
points can be selected as sequential points, adjacent points, or freely se-
lected points from the point list.
A segment always has a defined start and end point. A given point can
be used in the definition of different segments.
Entry box for scanning The input window for the scanning of curves is shown below.
curves
Segment

Curve2

Unknown contour
Settings
Expected tolerance 0.0000
Speed 3.0000
Step width 1.3242
Number of points 125
Chord height 0.1000
Nominal values
Stylus #1 Stylus 1

Settings Special

Vector angle 0.0000

Trigger only
Simulation
Start point 1
End Point 125
Segment from all nominal points
Pre/post travel during scanning 0.0000
Material thickness 0.0000
Tangential probing

OK Reset

Pretravel/posttravel The following problems can arise at the beginning and at the end of the
during scanning measuring path in the case of curve measurement and curve evaluation:
– The controller must adjust accordingly.
– The calculation of the spline functions and the corresponding vectors
is difficult at the open ends of a curve.

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To reduce the effects of these problems, you can define a pre/postscan,

also for 4-axis scanning.

The pretravel/posttravel should not exceed 2 mm. Otherwise, the accu-

racy of the curve extrapolation may no longer be sufficient.

Scanning with rotary The curve can be scanned using the rotary table. The Scan segment
table with rotary table check box on the Rotary Table tab must be ticked
for this purpose.
Select one of the two methods on this tab.
– Curvature-dependent The preconditions for this are that a known
contour is scanned, the rotary table is activated for the measurement
plan and the space axis of the feature on which the curve is located
is in the direction of the rotary table axis.
– Angle Preset This method (4-axis scanning) is used if different ro-
tary table positions are required or useful for different curve ranges
(➤ Scanning method for curves (angle preset) [⇨ 1-93]).
Unknown contour In order to use the movements of the CMM for unknown contours also
for scanning a known curve, you can switch the strategy.

Measuring a measurement group

If you want to handle several segments as one segment as regards trav-
eling, you must group them in the strategy list.
In this case, the stylus selected in the first segment applies to all other
segments of the measurement group.
Further special features apply to the 4-axis scanning method.

Scanning method for curves (angle preset)

For workpieces which are difficult to access, e.g. very curved and over-
lapping blades on blisks (integrated blade wheels), frequent stylus
changes may be necessary. This can only be avoided by means of the
“4-axis scanning” method.

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Measuring strategy for the curve

For 4-axis scanning, the rotary table angle is constantly changed during
the scanning process so as to ensure optimum access throughout the
entire measurement.
The prerequisite is that a certain rotary table angle is defined for each
point during the segment definition. However, it is sufficient to define
“support values” for certain points; CALYPSO interpolates the positions
for the points in-between.
To do so, use the scanning method (known contour) and select the An-
gle Preset option under Scan segment with rotary table.

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 Measuring strategy for the curve

Segment

Curve2

Unknown contour
Settings
Expected tolerance 0.0000
Speed 3.0000
Step width 1.3242
Number of points 125
Chord height 0.1000
Nominal values
Stylus #1 Stylus 1

Settings Rotary table Special

Rotary table scanning
Scan segment with rotary table
Curvature-dependent
Angle preset Settings

Angle step 0.1000

OK Reset

Click Settings to open the Angle preset for scanning with rotary
table window.

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Measuring strategy for the curve

Angle preset for scanning with rotary table

Referring to RT position: 0,0000

No. RT Angle Offset

RT Angle Offset
Add

Delete

Graphical Support

OK Cancel

Here, you must enter the support points and the corresponding rotary
table positions in the list of point numbers. CALYPSO interpolates the
positions of the points in-between.

Measuring a measurement group with the 4-axis

scanning method
If you want to handle multiple segments as an individual segment as re-
gards traveling, group them in the strategy list.
In this case, you must define all angle positions in the first segment. In
the following segments, define the start and end point of the corre-
sponding segment.

Scanning method for curves (unknown contour)

In order to use the movements of the CMM for unknown contours also
for scanning a known curve, you can switch the strategy.

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 Measuring strategy for the curve

NOTE
The stylus used for this procedure should be as small as possible in or-
der to keep the errors resulting from the stylus radius correction and the
path inaccuracies to a minimum.

Switching to unknown In the Segment window you can switch the strategy to the measure-
contour ment of an unknown contour by ticking the Unknown contour check
box. The window changes accordingly:

Segment

Curve2

Unknown contour
Settings
Expected tolerance 0.0000
Speed 3.0000

Step width 1.3242

Stylus #1 1

Trigger only

Travel Path Definition

Start point -23.0329 -32.0794 -0.9172

End Point 35.2859 -32.0708 -0.7833

Nominal vector direction

End criterion Plane Sphere radius 5.0000

Space axis Z(Base Alignment)

Point reduction Start/End 0 0

OK Reset

As the contour is now “unknown” to CALYPSO, the definition of the

travel path and an end criterion are required.
To this end, you can use the Accept points icon to adopt the start and
end points of the segment into the travel path definition and, if re-
quired, overwrite them.
The end criterion used is usually the plane whose normal is formed by
the line between the start and end points and which runs through the
end point.
If the start and end points are identical, no line and thus no plane can be
formed. A certain course of a curve can also lead in some cases to a
rapid end of the measurement.

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Measuring strategy for the curve

With the “Sphere with radius around the end point” end criterion, you
can avoid cases of this kind.

Scanning method with nominal contour extension

With turbine blades, the blade lengths may vary by up to 2 mm. The
CMM control is generally not able to follow such important changes
when scanning according to nominal data.
To nevertheless scan the contour as known contour in order to achieve
an increased scanning speed, you can modify the curve's nominal values
only for the CMM control and adapt them to the actual blade length.
This is done by stretching or compressing the unchanged number of
nominal points along the newly calculated nominal spline

NOTE
As usual, the evaluation only considers the unchanged nominal values.
The changed nominal values are only used for controlling the CMM.

Defining the nominal contour extension

To define the curve's stretching or compression, create a “SegmentXL”
strategy in the curve's strategy.

Segment

Curve2

Unknown contour
Settings
Expected Tolerance 0.0000
Speed 3.0000
Step width 1.3349
Number of points 124
Chord height 0.1000
Nominal values
Stylus #1 Stylus 1

Settings Change length Special

Leading Edge Settings

Trailing Edge Settings

OK Reset

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 Measuring strategy for the curve

Select the spline extension parameters separately for both sides of the
segment on the Change Length tab. An icon indicates whether the
point definition is complete:

Definition complete

Definition incomplete

Click Settings to define the spline modification. Define the required ex-
tension in the Point Definition dialog box.

Point Definition
N P1 P2

Curvature
invert Factor 3
Length Change

Manual Length Input 1,0000

Pl

P2
N
Point lengths in graphics 2

OK Cancel

The three points N, P1 and P2 can be entered using their point numbers
or by clicking them on the CAD model. The current point is highlighted
in red in the CAD window, the others are shown in green.

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Measuring strategy for the curve

P1 and P2 are used to compute a symmetry point S. The points N and S

as well as the radius defined in the Factor input field are used to com-
pute a circle. The contour is then extended or reduced along the circular
arc by the value entered in the Length Change field.

The circle along which the nominal values are to be shifted is drawn in
the CAD window. A clever selection of the points and the radius allows
you to adjust this circle to the real contour.

Segment measured in reverse direction

If needed, you can reverse the measuring direction for an individual
curve segment in order to reduce measuring times and achieve higher
accuracy when scanning the contour.
This may be useful for turbine blades and other sharp-edged workpieces.
Due to the form of leading edge and trailing edge, the stylus may be
more likely to loose contact to the surface in a certain direction, which
would lead to measurement errors.

g Segment inverted
Risc of loss of contact
!

100 100

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 Measuring strategy for the curve

Scanning in the opposite direction prevents the stylus from lifting off at
the edges: in this case, the mass of the stylus does not need to be held
to the workpiece against the force of gravity.

CAUTION
Enter clearance data with intermediate positions before and af-
ter an inverted segment to make sure that the stylus can move
between the segments without any risk of collision.

There are two options to reverse the measuring direction of a segment:

either in the strategy window of the curve or in the definition template
of the “Segment” strategy.

NOTE
Reversing only refers to the measurement. In the evaluation of the mea-
suring results, the points are treated in their normal order.

Segment
10 1
9 3 2
8 7 6 5 4

Segment inverted

Inverting a segment
1 Open the strategy window of the curve.

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Measuring strategy for the curve

2 Highlight the desired segment and select Invert from the segment's
context menu.
- or -
Open the strategy window of the desired segment and click the icon
for Reversing the order of the measuring points under Set-
tings.
The entries Start Point and End Point exchange places.
In the strategy list, the segment is labeled Segment inverted.
In the CNC run, the segment is measured in the opposite direction – in
the opposite order of the point numbers.

NOTE
Inversion of the segment can be undone in the same way.

Measuring a contour using single points on the

rotary table
You can record the nominal data of a contour (curve) as single points
using a rotary table.
Conditions
– The curve is a 2D curve.

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– The base alignment of the workpiece to be measured is located in-

side the workpiece.
– During probing, the probe clearing path is guaranteed (collision
prevention during rotary table movement).
1 Open the 2D curve definition template.
2 Open the Strategy dialog box.
3 Select New Curve Segment or New curve segment with modi-
fied length.
4 If you want to measure nominal points, go to the Segment dialog
box and activate the Nominals option and tick Trigger only.
You may also activate the Step Width, Number of Points or
Chord height option.
5 On the Rotary Table tab, tick the Scan segment with rotary ta-
ble check box.
6 Activate the Curvature-dependent option.
7 Accept the settings with OK.

Relative measurement of curves

Fields of application for relative measurement of
curves
As for other features, you also can use relative measurement for curves.
This function can be used to reliably measure a curve which is defined by
a perpendicular edge and cannot be measured using a contact stylus.
In the case of the “parallel curve” function, which also can be used for
this purpose, the nominal values of the curve are changed and trans-
ferred to the feature. It therefore must be used again for the next work-
piece which has the same design, but different deviations.
However, if you use relative measurement, you only have to do this once
for the measurement plan. The nominal values remain unchanged, and
the procedure is automatically reapplied for each measurement accord-
ing to the current workpiece.

Problem of the edge curve

It is often necessary to measure the course of a perpendicular edge and
check its deviations from the nominal form. However, an edge or a
curve near an edge is difficult or impossible to measure. If the CMM
probes according to the nominal values, even slight deviations could
guide the stylus tip onto the adjacent surface or “into the air”, thus sup-
plying an incorrect result.

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Measuring strategy for the curve

Solution: Use deviations of a guide curve

CALYPSO therefore initially measures the actual course of a “guide
curve” on the adjacent surface and adds the differences from the nomi-
nal curve that were measured in the direction of the corresponding sur-
face to the nominal values of the curve.
Then CALYPSO measures the nominal curve corrected by the differences
at a certain distance from the edge on the upper surface. Measurement
is thus performed close to the edge while avoiding “air probings”.
CALYPSO offers two procedures for reliably measuring edges or curves
located close to edges.

Relative measurement with the “Element” measurement

reference
With the “Element” measurement reference, you can reliably measure a
curve located close to an edge on a perpendicular edge. First, you have
to define another curve, the guide curve, and insert it in the measure-
ment plan. This curve is then available for the selection of the measure-
ment reference.
The guide curve must meet the following conditions:
– Same number of nominal points as the curve to be measured
– Same running direction
– Normals rotated by 90° in relation to those of the curve to be mea-
sured

Δa
Δa
Nominal point of Nominal point of the
the guide curve measured curve

Measurement of the Measurement of the

“guide curve” “measured curve”

CALYPSO first measures the guide curve which you specified on the ad-
jacent surface. The nominal values of the curve close to the edge are
temporarily corrected with its deviations from the nominal values. Mea-
surement is performed at the probing points thus determined and the
actual values are captured.

NOTE
The nominal values are changed only during the measurement; they are
restored prior to the evaluation.

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The advantage of this method is that the guide curve is defined per se,
and therefore can, for example, be measured with a different stylus.

Relative measurement with “edge curve” measurement

reference
Using the “edge curve” measurement reference, you can measure a
curve defined by a perpendicular edge. CALYPSO automatically gener-
ates the guide curve according to your information from the edge curve.
You also must specify the following parameters:
– The distance of the guide curve from the edge, d2
– The rotation direction for the normal vectors
CALYPSO moves the nominal points of the edge curve along the nor-
mals and “rotates” the normals tangentially by 90° according to the
specified direction of rotation, thus generating the guide curve.

d2

Original nominal Shifted nominal Shifted and

point X point X rotated nominal

The guide curve is measured and the nominal values of the edge curve
are corrected based on the deviations of the guide curve and moved
from the edge by distance d1. Then CALYPSO probes these points.

d2

Original nominal Shifted nominal Shifted and

point X point X rotated nominal

This procedure is easy to realize in the measurement plan, however, can

be used only if the guide curve can be measured with the same stylus as
the curve to be measured.

Measuring a curve with the “Element” measurement

reference
The “Element” measurement reference is used to measure a curve
whose nominal values are corrected by the deviations of a guide curve.
This is useful e.g. for curves which are close to edges on perpendicular
edges.
The guide curve must have the same number of nominal points as the
curve to be measured. It also must have the same running direction, and
its normals must be rotated by 90° relative to the curve to be measured.

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Measuring strategy for the curve

Conditions
– A curve which can be used as the guide curve is defined in the
measurement plan.
1 Click the button under Projection in the definition template of the
curve.
2 The Relative Measurement window opens.
3 Select the Meas. Ref. tab.
4 Select the Element measurement reference.
All curves can be selected in the measurement plan. Curves with the
same number of nominal points are marked with a green symbol.
5 Select the desired curve whose deviations are to modify the nominal
points of the curve to be measured.
6 Click OK to confirm.
During the measurement of the curve, CALYPSO initially determines the
deviations of the guide curve selected as the datum from its nominal
points, from which it calculates new probing points along the curve to
be measured.
The nominal points of the original curve remain unchanged.

Measuring a curve with the “edge curve”

measurement reference
You can use the “edge curve” measurement reference to measure a per-
pendicular edge by performing the measurement a certain distance
away from the edge, whereby the actual course of the edge is deter-
mined by means of a temporary guide curve.
The guide curve is generated from the edge curve via 90° rotation of the
normal and translation.
Conditions
– The guide curve on the adjacent surface can be measured with the
same stylus as the curve.
1 Click the button under Projection in the definition template of the
curve.
2 The Relative Measurement window opens.
3 Select the Meas. Ref. tab.
4 Select the Edge curve measurement reference.
5 Specify the distance from the guide curve on the adjacent surface to
the edge to be measured with d2.

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6 Select the Rotation direction for the normal vectors. The effects
are displayed in the CAD window.
7 Specify the distance of the probing points from the edge corrected
by the deviations with d1.
8 Click OK to confirm.
During the measurement of the curve, CALYPSO initially determines the
deviations from the guide curve displaced by d2, from which it calculates
the probing points at distance d1 along the edge curve to be measured.

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Characteristics for the curve

Characteristics for the curve

Overview of characteristics for a curve

Both general characteristics and special curve-specific characteristics can
be applied to curves.
The basics of defining special characteristics for curves are the same as
for the other characteristics (see in the Basic Operating Instructions un-
der Defining characteristics).
General characteristics The following characteristics can be used as general characteristics for
the curve:

Characteristic Menu com- Description

mand
X Value Size " Stan- Defines the position of the curve's center of
dards gravity in the X axis.
Y Value Size " Stan- Defines the position of the curve's center of
dards gravity in the Y axis.
Z value Size " Stan- Defines the position of the curve's center of
dards gravity in the Z axis.
Point distance Size " Dis- Determines the ➤ distance of a space point or
tance net point [⇨ 1-110] referenced to its nominal
and value.
Form and Lo-
cation " Dis-
tance
Form Form and Lo- From the extreme values of features, determines
cation form deviation as the difference between the
maximum and minimum measured values per-
pendicular to the feature.

For curves, too, you can define the characteristics for tolerance in the
definition template of the curve feature (see ➤ Defining tolerances for a
curve [⇨ 1-60]).
Special characteristics The following characteristics can be used as special characteristics for
for the curve the curve:

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Characteristic Menu com- Description

mand
Line Profile Form and The ➤ “Line Profile” characteristic [⇨ 1-111] is used
Location to check the form deviation of a curve from its
nominal geometry.
Line profile Form and The ➤ “line profile with reference length” [⇨ 1-114]
with refer- Location characteristic is used to check the form deviation of
ence length a 2D or 3D curve within specified segments of the
curve.
Curve Slope Size " The ➤ “Curve Slope” characteristic [⇨ 1-115] is
More used to check the height difference between two
defined points of a curve or the difference between
the predefined and the achieved height.
Curve Stroke Size " The ➤ “Curve Stroke” characteristic [⇨ 1-117] is
More used to check the axial and radial deviations of a lift
curve.
Curve Dis- Size " The ➤ “Curve Distance” characteristic [⇨ 1-119] is
tance More used to check the distance between two curves.
Curve Ex- Size " The ➤ “Curve Expansion” characteristic [⇨ 1-122] is
pansion More used to check the expansion of a curve in a prede-
fined direction.
Curve Size " The ➤ “Curve length” characteristic [⇨ 1-123] is
Length More used to check the length of a curve.
Surface Area Size " The ➤ “Surface Area” characteristic [⇨ 1-124] is
More used to check the surface area of a closed 2D curve.
Curve Form Form and The ➤ “Curve Form” characteristic [⇨ 1-125] is used
Location to check the compliance of the entire curve or of its
individual segments with the form requirement.
Curve jump Form and The ➤ “Curve jump” characteristic [⇨ 1-128] is used
Location to check the curve regarding the size of changes in
deviations in variously definable areas.

Characteristics of cam The following characteristics for cam evaluation are available:
evaluation

Characteristic Menu com- Description

mand
Cam lift Size " The ➤ “Cam lift” characteristic [⇨ 1-131] is used to
More " check the radial lift of a cam curve.
Cams

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Characteristics for the curve

Characteristic Menu com- Description

mand
Cam velocity Size " The ➤ “Cam velocity” characteristic [⇨ 1-132] is
More " used to check the radial lifting speed of a cam
Cams curve.
Cam accel- Size " The ➤ “Cam acceleration” characteristic [⇨ 1-134]
eration More " is used to check the radial lift acceleration of a cam
Cams curve.

Defining the Distance Between Points

characteristic
The “Dist. btw. points” characteristic is used to check the distance be-
tween the nominal curve points and the actual curve spline.
You can measure one or several defined points of the curve – the arith-
metic average of the deviations will then be calculated.

Point distance

Point distance1 Comment

Upper Tol. 0.05000 None

Lower Tol. -0.05000 None

Feature 1

3D Curve 1

Select Curve Points

Actual value

OK Reset

For this purpose, enter the numbers of the desired points in the Select
Curve Points dialog, either directly or as a coherent range. The range
limits can be parameterized.

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Defining the Line Profile characteristic

You can add the Line Profile characteristic to the measurement plan via
Form and Location " Line Profile.
The characteristic is defined via the definition template. You select a 2D
or a 3D curve as the feature.
Direction of deviations The deviations between the actual contour and the nominal contour are
required for the determination of the “Line Profile” characteristic. It is as-
sumed that the values increase in outward direction (away from the ma-
terial) and decrease in inward direction.
Further considerations are based on the assumption that the deviations
increase in outward direction (away from the material) and decrease in
inward direction (towards the material).

Tolerance zone shapes

When defining the Line Profile, you can choose from nine Tolerance
zone shapes:

Shape of tolerance zone The tolerance band is defined by ...

Bilateral - one result Identical distances from the nominal contour to the inside and out-
side
Bilateral (unequal distribu- Unequal distances from the nominal contour to the inside and out-
tion) - one result side
Unilateral (nominal contour Nominal contour and distance to the inside
inside)
Unilateral (nominal contour Nominal contour and distance to the outside
outside)
Bilateral - two results Identical distances from the nominal contour to the inside and out-
side
Bilateral (unequal distribu- Unequal distances from the nominal contour to the inside and out-
tion) - two results side
Open outwards Distance from the nominal contour to the inside
Open inwards Distance from the nominal contour to the outside
Adopting tolerances from The tolerances of the feature.
curve This allows you to use different tolerances for each point. The tol-
erances need to be specified in the definition template of the
curve. The tolerances of the curve are displayed (except segment
tolerances and curve jump tolerances).

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Characteristics for the curve

Shape of tolerance zone The tolerance band is defined by ...

Evaluating tolerance seg- The tolerances defined in the feature for the tolerance segments.
ments individually If several tolerance segments exist in the curve, they will be evalu-
ated individually and output in the printout individually.

For the bilateral tolerance with unequal distribution, a further input field
is activated for the Tolerance (one side) where you additionally specify
the side to which the tolerance applies using the Inside / Outside
Switch button.

Result of the line profile

The result of the line profile depends on the selected shape of zone.

Shape of Will be output: Example

tolerance
zone
Bilateral - Double the largest deviation (inside and
one result outside)

Bilateral Double the largest deviation (inside and

with un- outside) from one of the calculated the-
equal distri- oretical center lines
bution - one
result
Unilateral Double the largest deviation from the
(nominal tolerance average to the inside or out-
contour in- side
side)

Unilateral Double the largest deviation from the

(nominal tolerance average to the inside or out-
contour out- side
side)
Bilateral - The largest deviation inside (minimum)
two results and the largest deviation outside (maxi-
mum) the workpiece

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 Characteristics for the curve

Shape of Will be output: Example

tolerance
zone
Bilateral The largest deviation inside (minimum)
with un- and the largest deviation outside (maxi-
equal distri- mum) the workpiece
bution - two
results
Open out- The largest deviation inside the work-
wards piece

Open in- The largest deviation outside the work-

wards piece

Adopting The largest deviation inside (minimum)

tolerances and the largest deviation outside (maxi-
from curve mum) the workpiece, applying the tol-
erances from the curve.
Evaluating The largest deviation inside (minimum)
tolerance and the largest deviation outside (maxi-
segments in- mum) the workpiece, applying the tol-
dividually erance segments from the curve and
evaluating them individually.

Limitations The following restrictions apply to the line profile:

– Negative tolerances are not permitted.
MMC/LMC condition For the line profile of 2D curves, you can apply the most-material condi-
for datums tion or the least-material condition to the datums (exception: Outwards
into infinity and Inwards into infinity shapes of zone).
Additional Printout By activating Additional Printout in the Measurement Plan Editor
Characteristics, not only the extreme values but all results will be in-
cluded in the printouts. Each of these results consists of the nominal and
actual value, upper and lower tolerance, error and histogram of the er-
ror.

Dependency on the evaluation settings

CALYPSO uses the Gaussian Best Fit method for determining the line
profile. Best fit into the tolerance band will only be used for 2D curves
with MMC/LMC.

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Characteristics for the curve

The evaluation settings (outlier, filter, offset, evaluation direction, stylus

correction, etc.) valid for the corresponding curve are used for the best
fit alignment. For this reason, the result of the line profile will change if
you change the parameters for curve evaluation.

NOTE
As the spline filter is only used for the measuring points and not for the
deviations of the measured points, larger deviations may result from the
distance evaluation. This especially refers to the spline ends with open
contours and areas that are subject to a high degree of curvature
changes. Do not use the spline filter in such cases.

Defining the line profile characteristic with

reference length
Menu: Form and Location " Line Profile Ref
The line profile with reference length can be determined for 2D and 3D
curves. In contrast to Line Profile, the line profile of segments of the 2D
or 3D curves concerned is checked here.

NOTE
Features created by constructions have no result since they do not have
any measurement points. The exceptions are Recall and Recall Feature
Points.

You set the size of segments (the reference length) and their degree of
overlap.

z
Overlapping 0%
4 ...
2 3
1

Overlapping 25%
5 ...
3 4
1 2

X
This provides you with a measure for the line profile of each segment.
For output, you can specify which of these individual results is to be dis-
played:

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 Characteristics for the curve

– The line profile with the maximum deviation

– All line profiles that exceed the specified tolerance
– All line profiles
A plot of the line profile is possible only for 2D curves. The minimum and
maximum of the tolerance zone with the greatest line profile are dis-
played in the list of actual values in the Actual values window with “*”.

Defining the Curve Slope characteristic

The “Curve Slope” characteristic is used to check a 3-D lift curve or a 2-D
spiral curve for one of the two following criteria:
– Slope
The pitch is the difference in height or radius between two defined
points of the curve. It can be specified as absolute value or relative to
the angle of rotation.
– Pitch error
The pitch error is the deviation (in mm) of the slope from a defined
height or radius difference.
For lift curves, the heights are calculated in the polar coordinate system
of the lift curve (height parallel to rotation axis). For spiral curves, the
“heights” are calculated as radius to the given angle of rotation.

Pitch

Lift curve Spiral curve

You can add the “Curve Slope” characteristic to the measurement plan
via Size " More " Curve Slope. Use the definition template to define
it.

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Characteristics for the curve

Curve Slope

Curve slope1 Comment

Slope Height
0.0000
Pitch error Ratio

Upper tol. None

Lower tol. None

referring to 360° Graphic

referring to the evaluation range For entire curve

Point numbers

Angle To: mm

Height From: mm

Feature

3D Curve1

Primary Datum

CylTopCe

Actual value

OK Reset

The following table describes the buttons and fields that are not com-
mon to other characteristics:

Dialog element Function

Slope The characteristic compares the slope of the curve with respect to
the nominal value which can be specified as absolute height or as
ratio (height/path).
Pitch error The characteristic checks the deviation of the curve slope from the
nominal value.
Upper tol. When checking the pitch, input of the upper and lower tolerance is
Lower Tol. possible.

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 Characteristics for the curve

Dialog element Function

Tolerance When checking the pitch error, only one tolerance can be speci-
fied. The pitch error may be positive or negative.
Referenced to … 360°: The curve slope is calculated for the entire scope.
Evaluation range: The curve slope is calculated for a certain
range. There are three ways to specify the two points between
which the slope is determined:
– by specifying two point numbers
– by specifying the start and end angles (only lift curve)
– by specifying a start and end height (only lift curve)
If the angle or height specification does not meet with a point ex-
actly, the next point will be used.
Complete Curve can be used to enter the first and the last point
number or the corresponding angles and heights in the fields
From and To.
Combined feature Select the curve to be checked.
Primary Datum Select here the datum that defines the rotation axis (and the cen-
ter) of the lift curve (in general a circle).

Defining the Curve Stroke characteristic

The “Curve Stroke” characteristic is used to check the axial or radial dis-
tance of a lift curve.
Add the “Curve Stroke” characteristic to the measurement plan via Size
" Curve Dimensions " Curve Stroke. Always use the definition tem-
plate to define it.

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Characteristics for the curve

Curve Stroke

Curve Stroke1 Comment

Nominal value 32.6750

Upper tol. 0.0000 None

Lower tol. 0.0000 None

Graphic
Axial or radial stroke evaluation
Radial

Axial Tappet Radius 0.0000

Feature

Curve2

Primary Datum

CylTopCe

Actual value 32.6750

OK Reset

The following table describes the buttons and fields that are not com-
mon to other characteristics:

Dialog element Function

Axial or radial stroke For stroke evaluation, select here the direction in which the devia-
evaluation tions are to be determined:
– Radial: perpendicular to the rotation axis
– Axial: parallel to the rotation axis
Enter the Tappet Radius if the results should refer to the tappet
center and not to the surface.
Feature Select the curve to be checked:
– with radial stroke evaluation, the 2D curve to be checked (lift
curve)
– with axial stroke evaluation, the 3D curve to be checked (lift
curve)

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 Characteristics for the curve

Dialog element Function

Primary Datum Select the datum here:
– With radial stroke evaluation, the base circle.
Notice: From CALYPSO 2017, the calculated actual value of the
base circle radius is used by default. If you want to use the nomi-
nal value of the base circle radius, as was done in previous ver-
sions, disable Cam evaluation: lift calculation with calcu-
lated base circle radius in the Compatibility settings.
– with axial stroke evaluation, the plane perpendicular to the rota-
tion axis to which the nominal lift data refer (if specification is
omitted, the corresponding coordinate plane of the base align-
ment is used).

NOTE
For radial evaluation of 2D curves, the Radial Deviation deviation cal-
culation must be entered in the Curve feature.
For axial evaluation of 3D curves, the Nominal Vector Direction devi-
ation calculation must be entered in the Curve feature.

Defining the Curve Distance characteristic

The “Curve Distance” characteristic is used to check the distance be-
tween two curves, e.g. for the determination of the brake disk coarse of
thickness.
– The nominal distance is constant in the case of equidistant curves.
The characteristic allows checking the minimum, maximum or the
average distance.
– In the case of different curve pairs, CALYPSO checks for each point
of the inner curve the distance to the outer curve, comparing nomi-
nal and actual distance.

Actual outside
Nominal outside

Nominal inside
Actual inside

Add the “Curve Distance” characteristic to the measurement plan via

Size " More " Curve Distance. Use the definition template to define
it.

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Characteristics for the curve

Curve Distance

Curve distance1 Comment

Upper Tol. 0.00000 None

Lower Tol. 0.00000 None

Inner Curve

curve1

Outer Curve

Curve2

Curve Distance
Single Point Deviations
Direct distance (3D)
Nominal value Actual value
Average 13.60786 13.59194

Maximum value 18.54352 18.57805

Minimum value 6.59278 6.52101

Nominal value 13.60786

Actual value 13.59194

OK Reset

The following table describes the buttons and fields that are not com-
mon to other characteristics:

Dialog element Function

Inner Curve Select the curve to be checked.
Outer Curve Enter the curve for which the distance should be checked.
Curve Distance
Single Point Deviations Opens the Single Point Deviations window, listing all deviations
between the actual and nominal distance.
Calculation method Select here the type of calculation of the distance:
– Direct Distance (3D): spatial distance between an actual point
of the inner curve and the intersection point of the plane that is
perpendicular to the tangent of the inner curve with the outer
curve
– Plane Distance (in direction of nominal normal: direct dis-
tance (3D), projected onto the nominal normal of the inner curve
– Distance vertical to normals and tangents: direct distance
(3D), projected perpendicularly to the nominal normal direction
and perpendicularly to the tangent of the inner curve

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 Characteristics for the curve

Dialog element Function

Type of inspection Select the distance to be checked:
– Average (the arithmetic average resulting from all distances to
the reference curve)
– Maximum Value (the largest distance to the reference curve)
– Minimum Value (the smallest distance to the reference curve)

This illustration shows the methods for calculating the curve distance
with nominal normals in the nominal plane:

Intersection point

Direct Nominal plane of

distance the inner curve
Vertical
Plane distance
distance
Actual point of
the inner curve
Actual spline
of the outer
curve Nominal spline of the inner curve

This illustration shows the methods for calculating the curve distance
with nominal normals perpendicular to the nominal plane:

Intersection point

Normals

Direct
Nominal plane of
distance
nt

the inner curve

ge
n
Ta

Vertical
distance Plane
distance
Actual point of
the inner curve
Actual spline
of the outer
curve Nominal spline of the inner curve
Single Point Deviations After the measurement, you can find the distance of each point of the
inner curve in the Single Point Deviations window.

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Characteristics for the curve

Calculation and output Regardless of the criterion you wish to check, calculation will always be
done for all three values (maximum value, minimum value, average). For
the maximum and minimum value, the coordinates of the corresponding
measurement points will also be included in the printout.
Access via formula The Formula window allows to access the following results of the char-
acteristic:
– actual: actual value of the criterion to be checked
– x, y, z: coordinates of the corresponding measurement point (not
for average)
Form plots for the The Graphics Element utility allows you to output various form plots
curve distance for the curve distance. For details, see the Basic Operating Instructions
Outputting form and location plots with the graphics elements. Illustra-
tive graphics and explanations can be found in the subchapter Curve dis-
tance plots.

Defining the Curve Expansion characteristic

The “Curve Expansion” characteristic is used to check the expansion of a
curve in a predefined direction in the same way as with a caliper gage.
Add the “Curve Expansion” characteristic to the measurement plan via
Size " More " Curve Expansion. Use the definition template to de-
fine it.

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 Characteristics for the curve

Curve expansion

Curve expansion1 Comment

Upper Tol. 0.00000 None

Lower Tol. 0.00000 None

Feature

Curve1

Expansion
Nominal value Actual value

in X direction 25.13300 25.16924

in Y direction 35.19900 35.85129

in Z direction 0.00000 0.00000

Nominal value 25.73300

Actual value 25.76924

OK Reset

The following table describes the buttons and fields that are not com-
mon to other characteristics:

Dialog element Function

Feature Select the curve to be checked.
Expansion Choose the axis direction in which the maximum expansion is to be
calculated. The nominal and actual values of the expansion refer-
enced to the current coordinate system are shown on the right-
hand side.
Nominal Value / Actual The nominal and actual values of the expansion referenced to the
Value current alignment.

Defining the Curve Length characteristic

Add the “Curve Length” characteristic to the measurement plan via Size
" More " Curve Length. Use the definition template to define it.

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Characteristics for the curve

Curve length

Curve length1 Comment

Last input

Nominal value 0.00000

ISO286

Upper Tol. None

Lower Tol. None

Feature 1

3D Curve 1

Actual value

OK Reset

In the definition template there are no features deviating from the usual
ones. You select the feature and define the tolerances.
Calculation mode Based on the relevant measured points, the curve length is calculated as
follows:
– for distance evaluation “Act – Nom”: Length of the spline that is de-
fined by the relevant (being included in the evaluation), corrected ac-
tual points.
– for all other distance evaluations: Length of the spline that is defined
by the intersection points of the actual spline (by the radius-adjusted
actual points) with the vectors of the nominal points.

Defining the Surface Area characteristic

Add the “Surface area” characteristic to the measurement plan via Size
" More " Surface Area. Use the definition template to define it.

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 Characteristics for the curve

Surface Area

Surface area1 Comment

Last input

Nominal value 457.73545

ISO286

Upper Tol. 0.00000 None

Lower Tol. 0.00000 None

Feature 1

Curve1

Actual value 460.66303

OK Reset

In the definition template there are no features deviating from the usual
ones. You select the feature and define the tolerances.
The Surface Area characteristic calculates the surface area of a closed 2D
curve.

Defining the Curve Form characteristic

You can add the “Curve Form” characteristic to the measurement plan
via Form and Location " Curve Form. Use the definition template to
define it.

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Characteristics for the curve

Curve Form

Curve form1 Comment

Upper Tol. None

Lower Tol. None

Shape Of Zone Standard

Tolerance Offset 0.00000

Tolerances from feature

Evaluate tolerance segments individually
Actual value plot

Feature

curve1

From: To: Upper Tol. Lower Tol. Designation

1 66 0.50000 -0.50000

Deviation
Max: Standard Min:
0.01476 0.09348 -0.07872

OK Reset

Standard and range There are two types of deviation calculation – standard and range – for
the “Curve Form” characteristic.

Nominal Range
Actual Standard

The results of both calculation methods are only different if both, the
maximum and the minimum nominal-actual difference lie on one side of
the nominal curve.

Standard Range

Actual

Nominal

The following table describes the buttons and fields that are not com-
mon to other characteristics:

Dialog element Function

Upper Tol. Input box for the upper tolerance. Formula input is possible.

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 Characteristics for the curve

Dialog element Function

Lower Tol. Input box for the lower tolerance. Formula input is possible.
None Suppresses consideration of upper and lower tolerances for mea-
surement evaluation.
Tolerance form Defines the type of form tolerance:
Standard: The curve is within the tolerance if the curve points lie
in a range between the outer and inner equidistants and the nomi-
nal curve.
Range: The curve is within the tolerance if the difference between
the largest and the smallest deviation does not exceed the toler-
ance dimension.
Tolerance Offset The value entered here is added to the upper and lower tolerance
prior to the evaluation. This makes it possible to measure several
parallel curves with one single characteristic.
Tolerances from feature Instead of the tolerances specified above, the values from the as-
signed Curve feature are used.
Evaluating tolerance The tolerances defined in the Curve feature for the individual toler-
segments individually ance segments are used. The tolerance segments are evaluated in-
dividually and represented in the printout.
Notice: Only available if Segment tolerances has been enabled in
the feature.
Actual Value Plot Activates the settings for the actual value plot:
Default Actual Value Plot: The measured points are output with
a value corrected by the stylus radius.
Projected + corrected points: For the plot, the measured points
are projected into the projection plane of the curve and corrected
by the stylus radius along the normal vectors turned into the pro-
jection plane.
Projected + BLADE PRO Export: For the plot, the measured
points are projected into the projection plane of the curve and cor-
rected by the stylus radius along the normal vectors turned into the
projection plane. Subsequently, the XML data is generated in
BLADE-PRO export format.
With masked points: For better recognition of the transitions at
the gaps, the plot also includes the points that were masked for
the evaluation. These points will not be taken into account for the
calculation of the measurement result.

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Characteristics for the curve

Dialog element Function

Feature Shows the feature for which the characteristic is defined or assigns
the feature to a characteristic.
A feature defined before the characteristic was called is entered on
the button and in the input field.
By clicking the button, you can call the Selection (Feature) dialog
box to accept, redefine or edit a feature.
You can enter the name of an already existing feature and confirm
it by pressing Tab, Return or by clicking or reject it with ESC or
by clicking .
Table Displays the tolerance segments defined in the Curve feature with
their tolerances and designations.
Deviation Top The maximum deviation in the positive di-
rection of the normal vector (“too much
material”).
Bottom The maximum deviation in the negative di-
rection of the normal vector (“too little
material”).
Standard (only if Standard is selected as the Shape
Of Zone) The maximum from the differ-
ence between the greatest and smallest
deviation and the maximum absolute nom-
inal-actual deviation.
Range (only if Range is selected as the Shape of
Zone) Difference between upper and
lower deviations.

Defining the Curve Jump characteristic

The “Curve jump” characteristic allows you to measure the maximum
differences between the nominal-actual deviations within defined curve
sections. You can define these sections in different ways. You may also
vary the sections' degree of overlapping. The tolerance can be specified
as one value for the entire curve or differently depending on the curve
section.

NOTE
Only in measurement plans created with versions earlier than CALYPSO
2017, you can define the curve jump tolerance also in the definition
template of the Curve feature. However, in this case, the measuring
ranges can only be defined as ranges consisting of n+1 neighboring
points.

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 Characteristics for the curve

Definition template You can add the “Curve Jump” characteristic to the measurement plan
via Form and Location " Curve Jump. Use the definition template to
define it.

Curve jump

Curve jump1 Comment

Points Length Angle

10 10.0000 10.0000 Z

Overlap area 10%

Tolerance parameter

Feature

Curve2

Maximum curve jump

All out of tolerance
All curve jumps

No. Seg Actual value Tol. Point

OK Reset

The following table describes the buttons and fields that are not com-
mon to other characteristics:

Dialog element Function

Measuring range Select here how to define the measuring range and specify its size.
– Points: Enter the number of points per measuring range.
– Angle: Specify the measuring range as an angle range. The
curve's local feature alignment is the datum. It is displayed in the
CAD window.
– Length: Specify the length of the measuring range.
Overlap area Define here the degree of overlapping of the measuring ranges in
%.
– 0% means no overlapping, thus smooth transition between the
ranges.
– 100% means complete overlapping with the exception of one
point or 0.5° or 0.1 mm.

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Characteristics for the curve

Dialog element Function

Tolerance parameter Opens the Create Tolerance Segments window, allowing you
to specify the curve jump tolerance value.
This is where you can divide the curve into segments and define
different tolerances for each segment.
Result Selection Select here the result output mode:
– Maximum curve jump: displays only the maximum curve jump.
– All out of tolerance: displays all curve jumps out of tolerance.
– All curve jumps: displays all curve jumps for all measuring
ranges.
Notice: Bear in mind that this list may become very long in case
of strong overlapping.
List Displays the curve jumps determined according to the selection
made (see above). The maximum value always appears in the first
line. The currently selected segment is highlighted in the CAD win-
dow.
The columns have the following meanings:
– No. : serial number of the curve jump.
– Seg: number of the tolerance segment.,
– Actual: curve jump value.
– Tol: tolerance value of the segment.
– Start (No.): start number, start angle, or start length of the seg-
ment.
– Status: curve jump status.

Special aspects for When specifying measuring ranges based on angles, you need to con-
ranges based on angles sider the direction of the curve points. The curve's coordinate system is
displayed in the CAD window to assist you. The angles and the direction
of the curve refer to this coordinate system.
If the curve points are numbered in mathematical positive direction,
specify the angles in positive direction. In the other case, specify them in
negative direction.
Special aspects for If you define the measuring ranges based on length values, computation
ranges based on in CALYPSO will take longer, since the exact arc length needs to be cal-
lengths culated for the curve length. An evaluation based on length segments is
therefore not recommended for curves with more than 500 nominal
points!
Result output Results will be output in the custom printout and the compact printout
according to the settings made in the definition template.

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 Characteristics for the curve

The maximum curve jump value will be transferred to PiWeb reporting.

Defining the Cam Lift characteristic

The “Cam lift” characteristic is used to measure the lift of a cam curve
(of a radial closed 2D curve) and to determine the radial nominal and ac-
tual values of the cam curve in a predefined step size.
Add the “Cam lift” characteristic to the measurement plan via Size "
More " Cams " Cam. Always use the definition template to define it.

CamLift

CamLift1 Comment

Nominal value 32.1617

Upper tol. 0.0000 None

Lower tol. 0.0000 None

Graphic

Cam shape Cam with roller tappet

Tappet Radius 0.0000

Start index 1

Angle step 1.0

Feature

Curve2

Primary Datum

CylTopCe

Output as text file

Actual value 32.1262

OK Reset

The following table describes the buttons and fields that are not com-
mon to other characteristics:

Dialog element Function

Cam shape Select between roller tappet and barrel tappet.
Specify the tappet radius for the roller tappet.
Start index Specify the angle for the result to be displayed first in the plot or
text file.
Angle step Specify the step size for the other results to be displayed in the plot
or text file.

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Characteristics for the curve

Dialog element Function

Feature Select the curve to be checked here.
Primary Datum Enter the base circle of the cam as reference feature. The calcula-
tions refer to the center point of this circle.
Notice: From CALYPSO 2017, the calculated actual value of the
base circle radius is used by default. If you want to use the nominal
value of the base circle radius, as was done in previous versions,
disable Cam evaluation: lift calculation with calculated base
circle radius in the Compatibility settings.
Output as text file Outputs the measurement results together with angle, nominal
value, actual value and deviation in a TXT file.

Defining the Cam velocity characteristic

The “Cam velocity” characteristic is used to check the maximum angular
speed of a cam curve (radial closed 2D curve) and determine the nomi-
nal and actual values of the cam velocity distributed over the periphery
with a specified step size.
Add the “Cam velocity” characteristic to the measurement plan via Size
" More " Cams " Speed. Always use the definition template to de-
fine it.

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 Characteristics for the curve

CamVelocity

CamVelocity1 Comment

Nominal value 16.1010

Upper tol. 0.0000 None

Lower tol. 0.0000 None

Graphic

Cam shape Cam with roller tappet

Tappet Radius 0.0000

Start index 1

Angle step 1.0

Feature

Curve2

Primary Datum

CylTopCe

Output as text file

Actual value 16.0656

OK Reset

The following table describes the buttons and fields that are not com-
mon to other characteristics:

Dialog element Function

Cam shape Select between roller tappet and barrel tappet.
Specify the tappet radius for the roller tappet.
Start index Specify the angle for the result to be displayed first in the plot or
text file.
Angle step Specify the step size for the other results to be displayed in the plot
or text file.
Feature Select the curve to be checked here.
Primary Datum Enter the base circle of the cam as reference feature. The calcula-
tions refer to the center point of this circle.
Output as text file Outputs the measurement results together with angle, nominal
value, actual value and deviation in a TXT file.

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Characteristics for the curve

Defining the Cam Acceleration characteristic

The “Cam Acceleration” characteristic is used to check the maximum an-
gular acceleration of a cam curve (radial closed 2D curve) and determine
the nominal and actual values of the cam acceleration distributed over
the periphery with a specified step size.
Add the “Cam acceleration” characteristic to the measurement plan via
Size " More " Cams " Acceleration. Always use the definition tem-
plate to define it.

CamAcceleration

CamAcceleration1 Comment

Nominal value 8.0511

Upper tol. 0.0000 None

Lower tol. 0.0000 None

Graphic

Cam shape Cam with roller tappet

Tappet Radius 0.0000

Start index 1

Angle step 1.0

Feature

Curve2

Primary Datum

CylTopCe

Output as text file

Actual value 8.0703

OK Reset

The following table describes the buttons and fields that are not com-
mon to other characteristics:

Dialog element Function

Cam shape Select between roller tappet and barrel tappet.
Specify the tappet radius for the roller tappet.
Start index Specify the angle for the result to be displayed first in the plot or
text file.
Angle step Specify the step size for the other results to be displayed in the plot
or text file.
Feature Select the curve to be checked here.

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 Characteristics for the curve

Dialog element Function

Primary Datum Enter the base circle of the cam as reference feature. The calcula-
tions refer to the center point of this circle.
Output as text file Outputs the measurement results together with angle, nominal
value, actual value and deviation in a TXT file.

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Using the curve measurement results

Using the curve measurement results

Overview of the use of measurement results

After measurement, the actual values are displayed in the right half of
the curve definition template. In contrast to most other definition tem-
plates, the curve template enables you to perform additional operations
with the results.
You have the following options for evaluating results:
– ➤ Calculation and display of deviations [⇨ 1-136]
– ➤ Optimization of coordinate system with best fit alignment
[⇨ 1-137]
– ➤ Fitting actual values to nominal values [⇨ 1-140]
– ➤ Defining or restricting the alignment [⇨ 1-142]
– ➤ Specifying search distances [⇨ 1-145]
– ➤ Smoothing the curve display [⇨ 1-146]
– ➤ Sorting the measured points [⇨ 1-148]
– ➤ Excluding measured points from the evaluation [⇨ 1-149]
– ➤ Eliminating outliers [⇨ 1-152]
– ➤ Excluding apparent segment overlaps [⇨ 1-153]
– ➤ Adding an offset to results [⇨ 1-154]
– ➤ Defining the evaluation of the 3d curve [⇨ 1-158]
– ➤ Setting the deviation calculation for threads [⇨ 1-155]
– ➤ Determining coordinate system with best fit alignment of several
curves [⇨ 1-156]

Calculating and displaying the deviations of a

curve
The deviation between the measured and specified values for a curve
can be calculated in a number of ways (see ➤ Calculation of deviations
for the curve [⇨ 1-74]).
1 Open the definition template of the curve.
2 Select the desired calculation mode from the selection list under the
Comment button.

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 Using the curve measurement results

Calculation will be carried out immediately if there are already actual val-
ues. If not, calculation will commence as soon as actual values are avail-
able.

Displaying deviations
The actual values refer to the workpiece coordinate system. When deal-
ing with a curve, however, the deviation between the nominal and the
actual values in the X, Y and Z coordinates can be of greater interest.
1 Open the definition template of the curve.
2 Tick the Deviation check box.
The actual values on the right side of the definition template now refer
to the nominal data of the curve.

Optimization of coordinate system with best

fit alignment
Inaccurate coordinate systems produce inaccurate measured values.
This, in turn, means incorrect form errors following a nominal/actual
comparison. To eliminate this positional offset, CALYPSO automatically
performs best fit for standard geometric features when it measures form
characteristics.
You have the option of defining automatic best fit in CALYPSO following
every measurement run. CALYPSO can also correct the current coordi-
nate system by applying the rotational and translational components of
the best-fit result.

Optimizing form characteristics

1 Open the definition template of the curve.

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Using the curve measurement results

Features

curve1

Comment Projection Strategy

Nominal Vector Direction Linerar projection Evaluation

Clearance group Nominal Data Alignment

SE +Z Nominal point information Base Alignment

Nominal Actual
Point no. FN

Nx

Ny

Nz

Best Fit Center of Mass Deviation

Sigma Form No. Pnt.

Min Point no. Point no. Max

OK Reset

2 Click the Evaluation button.

3 Tick the check box on the Standard tab under Best Fit and click
Alignment.
CALYPSO will fit an alignment. You can see the Create Alignment
window in which CALYPSO shows the translation and rotation of the
feature coordinate system with reference to the workpiece coordi-
nate system.

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 Using the curve measurement results

Create Alignment

Translation

Along X

Along Y

Along Z

Rotation

Around X Axis

Around Y Axis

Around Z Axis

Apply Cancel

4 Click Apply to apply the local feature coordinate system.

The Name window appears on the screen.
5 Enter a name for the local feature coordinate system.
6 Click OK to close the best fit.

Calculating the curve's center of gravity

The location of the curve is calculated using the center of gravity. The
coordinates of this point can be displayed.

Showing the center-of-gravity coordinates

1 Make sure you have the definition template open and displayed on
your screen.
2 Tick the Center of Mass check box.
The coordinates of the center of gravity are displayed in the left half of
the template.
The center of gravity is also displayed in the CAD window.

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Using the curve measurement results

Best fit of the curve

Performing Curve Best Fit
“Best fit” refers to the mathematical separation of form deviations and
location deviations. You may use best fit to make a mathematical correc-
tion of the positive deviation referring to the applicable nominal curve.
The curve generated from the measured values is translated and/or ro-
tated mathematically until it is “closest” to the nominal curve according
to the selected method. The position error results from these translations
and rotations; the remaining “distance” indicates the form error of the
curve.

Defining the best fit

1 Make sure that the definition template of the curve is open.
2 Tick the Best Fit check box.
- or -
Click Evaluation and tick the check box on the Standard tab under
Best Fit.
CALYPSO performs the fit according to the best fit settings without
changing the curve form.
To choose the best fit method and the permissible transformations, se-
lect the Best Fit window (see ➤ How to define a best fit alignment of a
curve [⇨ 1-142]).

NOTE
For the best fit, the Tolerance band method was changed as of CA-
LYPSO 2020. Better results are usually achieved via the new method.
However, if the previous methods achieved better results for your mea-
surement plans, ZEISS Service can re-activate the previous methods in
the software for you. In this case, contact ZEISS Service.

Parameters for the best fit of the curve

When you activate the Best Fit check box to have the curve aligned,
CALYPSO separates form deviations from positional deviations by com-
putation.
You have several options to influence this best fit alignment:
– You can select the best fit method and (except for Gauss) define for
it the number of iterations:
– Best Fit according to Gauss
– Best fit in the tolerance band

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– Best fit according to Chebyshev (minimum feature)

– Best fit according to the L1 method
– You have the option of restricting the best fit to exclude certain
movements: you can forbid the translation in the direction of any
axes or the rotation around any axes.
This restriction applies to best fit of the measured curve to the nomi-
nal curve and to best fit of a coordinate system.
– You can specify that certain points are not to be taken into account
during the best fit by masking them (see ➤ Defining the best fit
alignment of a curve [⇨ 1-142]).
In this case, the masked points will not be shown in the CAD win-
dow.
– For the alignment, the average deviation between actual and nomi-
nal is minimized. Here, every curve point is compared with a calcu-
lated curve section (a section connects two neighboring points). This
can take a long time if the curve has a lot of sections.
Usually, it is quite sufficient to compare some sections near the
point. You can enter the size of the area that is to be considered.

Methods for best fit of curves

CALYPSO uses four best fit methods for curve measurement, whereby
the Chebyshev and L1 methods can be selected only for 2D:
– Gaussian best fit
With the Gaussian best fit (LSQ feature), the measured values are
translated and/or rotated until the sum of the error squares reaches
a minimum (certain degrees of freedom may be restricted here). This
operation leaves only the curve's form deviation.
Note: If the degrees of freedom are not restricted, the curve will be
rotated around the curve center of gravity. This usually corresponds
to a rotation around all coordinate axes. With a best fit with re-
stricted degrees of freedom, the result normally deviates from a best
fit around all axes as the curve is generally not located in a main
plane of the coordinate system. The greater the deviation, the far-
ther away the curve center of gravity is from the curve origin.
– Tolerance band
A Gaussian best fit is initially used for the best fit into the tolerance
band. Then the measurement points are moved further such that the
distances from the tolerance centers in the nominal normal direction
become minimal.

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– Chebyshev (2D curves)

The Chebyshov best fit consists in minimizing the maximum of the
deviations between the nominal and actual contour.
As the extreme values of the probing have an impact on the result of
the best fit, this best-fit method is very susceptible to outliers.
– L1 (2D curves)
With the L1 best fit (as L1 feature), the geometric element is deter-
mined in a way to minimize the sum of the deviation values.
This best fit method is insensitive to outliers and leads to a clear re-
sult with low computational effort.
Best fit procedure The three purely two-dimensional best fit procedures run iteratively; with
the best fit to the tolerance band, you can define the number of itera-
tions.
A rough Gaussian best fit is performed before starting the best fit in the
tolerance band.
Iteration step The further iterative procedure is then the same for the three methods:
The result (rotation and translation) of an iteration step is used to trans-
form all the actual points and to create a new actual spline.
On the newly fitted actual spline, an actual point is calculated for each
nominal point. These actual points are used for the next iteration step.
An iteration step ends when the rounding precision (number of decimal
places) set in CALYPSO is reached.
Termination criteria CALYPSO automatically stops iteration if one of the following conditions
is met:
– The value achieved by the iteration falls below the break condition
(transformation value). The transformation value is the sum of the
relevant components of the rotation matrix and the translation vec-
tor.
– The transformation value is smaller than the value 0.000 000 01.
– The maximum number of iteration steps has been reached.
– The set number of iteration steps has been reached (tolerance band).
– You have selected “inTol” under No. of Iterations and the actual
points are located within the tolerance or the actual points are not
located within tolerance after 100 iterations.

Defining the best fit alignment of a curve

1 Open the definition template of the curve and click the Evaluation
button.

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The Evaluation dialog box opens.

2 On the Standard tab, tick the check box under Best Fit.
3 Click the Parameters for the Best Fit icon.
The Best Fit dialog box appears on the screen.

Best Fit

Best Fit
according to Gauss

Iterations: acc. to tolerance range

acc. to Tschebyscheff
L1 (Minimum of errors)

Translation Rotation
Along X Around X axis
Along Y Around Y axis
Along Z Around Z axis

Mask points
P-No X Y Z NX NY
1 -23.070 -32.076 -0.9203 -0.00 -1.00 0.00
2 -21.582 -32.076 -0.9198 0.00 -1.00 0.00
3 -20.075 -32.074 -0.9204 -0.00 -1.00 0.00
4 -18.575 -32.075 -0.9194 0.00 -1.00 0.00
5 -17.074 -32.072 -0.9195 0.00 -1.00 0.00
6 -15.559 -32.076 -0.9200 -0.00 -1.00 0.00
7 -14.071 -32.078 -0.9206 0.00 -1.00 0.00
8 -12.569 -32.072 -0.9201 0.00 -1.00 0.00

Use actual points

Use nominal points

Maximum search distance

Search distance for the fit 5.0000

Default

OK Cancel

4 Select the desired best fit method and enter the number of iterations
for the best fit in the tolerance band.
By clicking the clock, you open the Best Fit window, allowing you
to determine, via simulation, the optimal number iterations.

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Best Fit

Simulation of Best Fit

No. of Iterations

Simulate Best Fit

Quality of Best Fit

Best Fit Time

OK Cancel

5 Under Translation and Rotation, uncheck the check boxes where

you do not want to permit the respective movement for the best fit.
All the check boxes are ticked by default.
Check boxes that are not relevant for the respective 2D best fit will
be ignored.
6 To fill the point list under Mask points with data: Select Use nomi-
nal points or Use actual points (below the point list).
7 Under Mask points, click the points you wish to mask and not to
be taken into account for the best fit. Another click while holding
down CTRL depressed will cancel the selection.
You can also select a rule for the use of points in the context menu:

Use all points

Use every 2nd point

Use every 5th point

Use every 10th point

Mask all points

Mask every 2nd point

Mask every 5th point

Note: If you define the curve via an ASCII file, you can mask nominal
points alreday in the ASCII-Datei for the best fit.
8 Under Max. Search Distance, enter the area to be considered in
the field Search distance for the best fit in millimeters or click
Default if you wish to use the CALYPSO default.

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This default is derived from the doubled sum of tolerance and stylus
radius.
9 Click OK to apply the definition.
The alignment of the coordinate system or of the curve feature into the
nominal feature is then only possible in the permitted directions, with
the specified points and the entered search distance.

Restricting search distances during curve

calculation
Depending on the form of the curve, there may be several intersection
points between the spline and normal in the case of distance evaluation.
This may affect the computing time.
This may affect the computing time. To prevent this, you can define the
maximum permissible distance from the actual point to the curve.
1 Open the definition template of the curve and click the Evaluation
button.
The Evaluation dialog box will open.

Evaluation... - 3D Curve1

Standard Advanced Special functions

Best Fit

Alignment

according to Gauss (search distance 5.0 mm)

Translation (XYZ) Rotation (XYZ)

Use nominal points / without masked points

Filter/Outlier

Filter Outlier elimination

Gauss, Low-pass Factor: 3.00 / 3.00

Lc: 2.5 mm Lc: 0.0 - 1000.0 mm
Only Outliers
Iterations: 1

Limit evaluation

Nominal Vector Direction

Maximum search distance

for distance evaluation 5.0000

Offset

Offset

Average value

OK Cancel Apply

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2 On the Standard tab under Max. Search Distance in the for dis-
tance evaluation field, enter the maximum distance which will pre-
sumably suffice in millimeters.
3 Click OK to save your entry and close the dialog box.
The search distances are taken into account the next time the curve is
calculated.

Smoothing a curve
In order to display a curve in a CAD window, CALYPSO lays spline func-
tions through the nominal points of the curve. As a result, all nominal
points will lie on the curve that is calculated in this manner.
With certain starting values (e.g. when the measured actual values are
used as nominal values), the curve display generated in this manner can
be relatively “rough”. This can, if necessary, be smoothed.
While doing so, the spline functions are only set in the close proximity of
the points and do not actually pass through each individual point. You
can set the strength of the approximation or smoothing practically con-
tinuously with a figure between 0 and 1: with 0, the splines nestle up
against all points so that you cannot detect a difference to other meth-
ods; 1 provides maximum smoothing of the curve.
1 Open the definition template of the curve and click the Evaluation
button.
The Evaluation dialog box will open.
2 On the Special functions tab under Additional, tick the Approxi-
mation check box.
3 Click the Parameters for Approximation icon.
The Approximation window for entering the approximation pa-
rameters will be displayed.

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Approximation

Approximation

Measured curve Nominal curve

Smoothing factor

Simulation

Grid

Keep number of points

Step Width

Chord height

Number of points

OK Cancel

4 Select whether you wish to smooth the presentation of the mea-

sured curve or the nominal curve.
5 Enter a Smooth factor between 0 and 1 by dragging the slider with
the mouse.
To check the result, click the Simulation button – the result will im-
mediately be displayed in the CAD window.
6 If necessary, select a method for redefining the curve points under
Grid.
If you select Keep number of points, the number of points of the
initial curve will also apply to the newly calculated curve.
7 Click OK to save your entry and close the dialog box.
The curve will be recalculated in accordance with your entries. The new
nominal curve will be determined on the basis of the calculated values
and displayed in the CAD window.

NOTE
As soon as you confirm with OK, you will regenerate the nominal
points of the curve. The original curve cannot be restored afterwards.
For this reason, it is important that you use the Simulation function to
check the result beforehand.

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Sorting points of a curve

When scanning with a high point density or in areas with strong curva-
ture, it is possible that the measured points are not transmitted in the
right order. Normally, this is of no great significance.
This is, however, significant when you are measuring curves, as the se-
quence of the points influences the form of the curve. CALYPSO there-
fore sorts the points in a meaningful manner.
On the other hand, there can be curves that actually contain a strong
“kink" and therefore must not be sorted: Sorting curves such as these
would result in an undesirable alteration in the form of the curve (see ex-
ample).
For this reason, you can control sorting using an angle limit. Here, an
angle is determined on the basis of the last three points that were calcu-
lated (Points 1 to 3 in the example). The points will only be sorted if the
calculated angle is smaller than the angle limit.
Example: the contour of a curve contains a “kink”.

Bend in curve Curve

1
3 4

The angle of this “kink” is slightly less than 50°. If you set the limit to
“50”, point 2 will automatically be interchanged with point 3 although
this is not desired here. The curve would then look as follows:

3
Curve

1
4

In this case, you will have to enter a limit that is less than the angle of
the bend, i.e. approx. 45°.
1 Open the definition template of the curve and click the Evaluation
button.
The Evaluation dialog box will open.
2 On the Special functions tab under Additional, tick the Sort
measured points check box.

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3 Click the Parameters for Point Sort icon.

You will see the Sort measured points window for input of the
angle limit.

Sort measured points

Sort measured points

if angle smaller than Suggestion

Simulation

OK Cancel

4 Enter the maximum angle that should be accepted or click the De-
fault button to enter the CALYPSO default value.
If larger angles occur in the curve, the appropriate points will be
sorted.
5 To check the result, click the Simulation button – the result will im-
mediately be displayed in the CAD window.
6 Click OK to save your entry and close the dialog box.
The curve will be sorted in accordance with your entries. The new
nominal curve will be determined on the basis of the new sequence
and displayed in the CAD window.
7 Close the Evaluation dialog box with OK.

Restricting the evaluation of the curve values

Reason for restriction The following problems can arise at the beginning and at the end of the
measuring path in the case of curve measurement and curve evaluation:
– The controller will have to readjust to the correct nominal path.
– The calculation of the spline function and the corresponding vectors
is problematic at the end of a curve: a minor deviation has a stronger
impact here than at other locations
To reduce the effects of these problems, you restrict the number of
points used for evaluation.
For other reasons, too, it may be useful if some curve ranges are not
considered for the evaluation.

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Two methods of restric- A distinction must be made here between basing the calculation on the
tion nominal points on the measuring spline or on the measured points on
the nominal spline:
– When evaluating in the nominal vector direction, all measured
points will be considered. The restriction will then apply to the nomi-
nal points only.
– When evaluating in the actual vector direction (Act -> Nom), all nom-
inal points will always be used. Here, the restriction only applies to
the actual points.
1 Open the definition template of the curve and click the Evaluation
button.
The Evaluation dialog box will open.

Evaluation... - 3D Curve1

Standard Advanced Special functions

Best Fit

Alignment

according to Gauss (search distance 5.0 mm)

Translation (XYZ) Rotation (XYZ)

Use nominal points / without masked points

Filter/Outlier

Filter Outlier elimination

Gauss, Low-pass Factor: 3.00 / 3.00

Lc: 2.5 mm Lc: 0.0 - 1000.0 mm
Only Outliers
Iterations: 1

Limit evaluation

Nominal Vector Direction

Maximum search distance

for distance evaluation 5.0000

Offset

Offset

Average value

OK Cancel Apply

2 Tick the corresponding check box either on the Standard tab under
Limit evaluation or on the Extended tab under Limit evalua-
tion.

3 For restriction in Nominal vector direction, click and specify in

The selected points are not calculated window the nominal
points that should not be considered for evaluation.

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4 For the Act -> Nom restriction, enter the number of actual points
that should not be considered at the start and at the end of the
curve.
5 Click OK to save your entry and close the dialog box.
During the evaluation, a correspondingly fewer number of points will be
considered at the start and at the end of the curve.

Filtering a curve
You can filter the measuring points prior to calculating the computed
feature to avoid systematic distortions. This is especially important for
scanned features.
1 Open the definition template of the curve and click the Evaluation
button.
The Evaluation dialog box will open.
2 On the Standard tab under Filter/Outlier, tick the Filter check
box.
3 Click the Select parameters for filter icon.
The Filter (Curve) dialog box for entering the parameters will be
displayed.

Filter

Limit wavelength of the low pass filter

Wavelength Lc 10.2622 mm

Filter Method

Gauss (Deviation filter) (ISO 16610-21/28)

Spline (Meas. point filter) (ISO 16610-22)

Filter on

OK Cancel

4 Enter the Wavelength Lc for the low-pass filter.

Note: The wavelength must not exceed the half curve length.
5 Select the Filter type.

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Note: As the spline filter is only used for the measuring points and
not for the nominal points, larger deviations may result from the dis-
tance evaluation. This especially refers to the spline ends with open
contours and areas that are subject to a high degree of curvature
changes. Do not use the spline filter in such cases.
6 Tick Filter on to activate the filter from the Datum Features dialog
box.
7 Click OK to save your entry and close the Filter window.
8 Close the Evaluation window with OK.
Only the filtered measuring values will be used for calculating the com-
puted feature.

Eliminating outliers from a curve

Outliers are measured points that differ significantly from the geometric
form yielded by the other measured points and as such, they can pro-
duce a large error when the computed feature is calculated. An error of
this nature easily propagates through the actual-value determination of
the assigned characteristic.
There are several different points at which you can set and activate out-
lier elimination for curves:
– As defaults for the characteristic groups and the references and
alignment features of the coordinate systems
– For an individual characteristic
– For an individual curve feature
If the outlier elimination is enabled, CALYPSO removes the detected out-
liers from the stock of the measurement points and calculates then the
actual points. Thus, each nominal point has an associated actual point.

NOTE
In the Compatibility settings, you can use Curve: Outliers based on
measurement points! (previously with measurement results) to
set behavior before version 6.8. The outliers will be removed from the
actual points only after the calculation has been completed, resulting in
gaps in the stock of the actual points.
1 Open the definition template of the curve and click the Evaluation
button.
The Evaluation dialog box will open.
2 On the Standard tab under Filter/Outlier, tick the Outlier Elimi-
nation check box.

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3 Click the Select parameters for outlier elimination icon.

The Outlier Mode window for entering the parameters will be dis-
played.

Outlier Mode

Factor For Outlier

Inside workpiece

Outside workpiece

Range Of Data Reduction

Only Outliers

Include Adjacent Points

Number

OK Cancel

4 Enter the Factor For Outlier and the Range Of Data Reduction.
5 Click OK to save your entry and close the Outlier Mode dialog box.
6 Close the Evaluation window with OK.
During the calculation, the measured outlier values that fall under the
specified criteria are not taken into account.

Excluding apparent segment overlaps

If a curve to be measured is divided into several overlapping segments,
CALYPSO will check the overlapping areas, filtering out possible super-
fluous actual values. This is to ensure that the calculated actual spline
optimally corresponds to the real contour and does not contain any su-
perfluous loops, for example.

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With some contours, however, the segments may only seem to overlap,
although gaps exist between the segments. This happens, for example,
in the case of narrow and acute recesses where the stylus cannot probe
the contour continuously, but with interruptions.

For such a case, you can define to consider segment gaps in order to
avoid incorrect computation of the actual contour.
1 Open the definition template of the curve and click the Evaluation
button.
The Evaluation dialog box opens.
2 On the Special functions tab under Additional, tick the Take
segment gaps into consideration check box.
3 Close the Evaluation window with OK.
The segments will be treated as non-overlapping segments.

Adding an offset to a curve

You can add an offset calculated from the curve values to the measured
points of a curve. The same offset is added to each measured curve
value.
You have a choice of the following offsets:
– Average
– Maximum value
– Minimum value
– Standard deviation

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– Arithmetic average calculated from the largest and shortest distance

– Any entry
1 Open the definition template of the curve and click the Evaluation
button.
The Evaluation dialog box is opened.
2 On the Standard tab under Offset, tick the Offset check box.
3 Click the Parameters for offset calculation icon.
The Offset window for selecting the offset calculation will be dis-
played.

Offset

Offset

Average value Standard deviation

Maximum value (Maximum+Minimum) / 2

Minimum value

Once-only offset correction of nominals!! Execute

OK Cancel

4 Select the mode of offset calculation and click OK.

5 Close the Evaluation window with OK.
The selected offset is now added to all measured curve values.

NOTE
If you apply your entries not with OK, but with Execute, the offset will
be added to the nominal curve values instead of the measured curve
values (see ➤ Correcting the nominal curve values by an offset
[⇨ 1-46]).

Setting the deviation calculation for threads

For the measurement of thread profile intersections (e.g. recirculating
ball screws), it may be necessary to calculate the deviations in the profile
intersection plane of the thread and not in the nominal vector direction.

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If the slopes prove to be slight, there is no important difference between

these evaluation modes. If the slopes are significant, however, the differ-
ences may exceed the measuring uncertainty.
Note: If nothing else is defined for the measurement, use measurement
in nominal vector direction and without projection. These results supply
the best indication as to whether the spheres “get stuck” or not.

Defining evaluation methods for thread measurements

1 Open the definition template of the curve and click the Evaluation
button.
The Evaluation dialog box is opened.
2 On the Special functions tab under 3D curve, tick the Thread
check box.
3 Select the feature that defines the thread axis and enter the Pattern
of the thread (lead).
4 Confirm with OK and select in the definition template for the curve
the Nominal Vector Direction deviation calculation and the de-
sired projection:
— No projection: the deviations are evaluated in the nominal vec-
tor direction.
— Vertical projection: the measured values are projected onto the
plane perpendicular to the thread and then evaluated.
— Helix projection: the measured values are projected onto a heli-
coid that is predefined by the thread parameters and then evalu-
ated.
5 Click OK to confirm.

Coordinate system from best fit alignment of

several curves
Target The best fit alignments of several individual curves on a workpiece sup-
ply in general a different result for each curve. If several curves belong
together, the “common” best fit of curves is required; i.e. the transfor-
mation that minimizes the deviations for all viewed curves.
Example The common best fit is required, for example,in connection with turbine
blades which normally require the measurement of several intersections.
Determining best fit Use the Alignment - Curve Best Fit window for the best fit of several
curves.

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1. Select Resources " Utilities " Alignment from Several Curves.

A new “Curve Best Fit” feature is included in the list of characteris-
tics.
2. Open the new feature.
Alignment - Curve Best Fit
Curve Best Fit 1

Comment

Select Features

Alignment Base Alignment

Features
1 Curve 1
2 Curve 2

Evaluation Constraints

Settings

Translation X 0,0000
Y 0,0000
Z 0,0000
Rotation X 0,0000
Y 0,0000
Z 0,0000

OK Reset

3. Select the curves for the best fit via Select Features.
4. Select the coordinate system for the best fit.
5. If necessary, restrict the constraints for the best fit in the Best Fit
window. The X, Y, Z check boxes refer to the axes of the above se-
lected coordinate system.
The best fit will then be limited for all curves together. All points are
used for the best fit.
6. If needed, change the search distance for the best fit under Set-
tings.
During the CNC run, CALYPSO creates a new alignment whose displace-
ment and rotation with respect to the initial alignment result from the
common best fit of the curves.
Using the alignment You can use the new alignment for all features, except for the curves
used for the best fit. Otherwise, CALYPSO would get stuck in an endless
loop during the evaluation of the curves.

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However, you can copy each curve used for the common best fit and
evaluate the copied curve.

Defining the evaluation of the 3d curve

For the 3d curve, there are further methods of influencing the evaluation
of the measured points.

Additional point assignment

For 3d curves with large form deviations and with very small radius or
edge ranges, the default curve evaluation may result in wrong results.
This occurs especially with evaluations of leading and trailing edges on
turbine blades.

Here the assignment of measured data to the nominal geometry may

become faulty. In the area of edges, it may happen that measured
points are assigned to the upper side of the blade instead of the lower
side and vice versa. You can avoid this effect by means of additional
point assignment.
If the measured points of the curve are not measured directly, but have
been defined via point recalls, the stylus tip radii of the original measure-
ments must be the same. Curves with own measurement strategy (in-
cluded segmented ones) can have been measured with different stylus
tip radii.

3d curve as thread
If you want to use the 3d curve for evaluating a thread, you can activate
Thread and specify the thread axis and the nominal lead.

Lift curve
To evaluate a 3d curve as a lift curve, activate Lift curve.

Defining the tape width

A 3d curve is displayed in the CAD window as a tape of a certain width.
This makes the orientation of the normal and thus the probing direction
visible. You can define the width of this tape.

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Output of the results of curve measurement

Overview of the output of the results

The measured and possibly corrected and edited curve measurement re-
sults can be output in different ways for further processing.
– ➤ Output of curve points in table files [⇨ 1-159]
– ➤ Output of all curve results in files [⇨ 1-160]
– ➤ Output of curve points and tolerances in text file [⇨ 1-162]
– ➤ Use of curve deviations and tolerances in formulas [⇨ 1-165]
– ➤ Output of points and deviations of a cam curve in text files
[⇨ 1-166]
– ➤ Output of curve deviations in a form plot [⇨ 1-166]
– ➤ Printing the point list or saving it as a file [⇨ 1-85]

Output of curve points in table files

If “Output to table file” is set in the Results to File window, CALYPSO
will output with each run the following three text files in the <user direc-
tory>\workarea\results directory:

File name Contents

planid_partnb_hdr.txt Header data for measurement plan and measurement
planid_partnb_chr.txt Measurement results for characteristics
planid_partnb_fet.txt Measurement results for features

In this case, “planid” represents the measurement plan name and

“partnb” the part number.
The measurement results are available in these files for internal and ex-
ternal processing (e.g. in spreadsheet programs).
Curve results The results of the curve measurement are output as table files only if the
Curve Points check box is ticked.
If the Masked curve points check box is ticked in addition, the table
file also includes the masked points which are not used for the evalua-
tion. These lines contain in each column the entry “99999” instead of
the measuring values.

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Number of decimal You can set the number of decimal places for table files in the Measure-
places ment Plan Editor Features. If you do not make this setting, the values
output in table files will automatically have one digit more than those in
the printout.
Format of the files All three files have the same format: The first line contains the column
headers of the table, the following lines contain the measured or calcu-
lated values for the corresponding column and there is an “END” at the
end of the file.
– The *_hdr.txt header file contains the general data for the measure-
ment plan and the measurement.
– The *_chr.txt characteristic file contains all values defined and mea-
sured or calculated in the characteristics.
– The feature file contains all values (nominal and actual values) de-
fined and measured in the features.
The same identifiers as in the printout format editor are used for desig-
nation of the values.
Interface to DML The table files represent the interface to various other output formats,
e.g. also to the DML files.
In addition to the direct measurement results, the table files contain fur-
ther information:
– Names of the datums for all characteristics.
– Coordinate system of the True Position as a matrix and vector.
– Tolerance zone

Output of all curve results in files

You can output the measurement results for the curves of a measure-
ment plan in ASCII files. The following types and file formats are avail-
able:

Type Content Format

Type 1 Nominal values ASCII
Type 2 Actual values ASCII / DXF / TIMS
Type 3 Nominal values and normals ASCII
Type 4 Actual values and normals ASCII / VDA / DXF
Type 5 Nominal values, normals and deviations ASCII
Type 7 Actual values in polar coordinates ASCII

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 Output of the results of curve measurement

Type Content Format

Type 7a Nominal angles of polar coordinates and devi- ASCII
ations
Type 7b Nominal angles of polar coordinates and in- ASCII
verted deviations
Type 8 Not interpolated measured values, linearly ASCII / VDA / DXF / TIMS
corrected
Type 9 Non-interpolated measured values, not cor- ASCII / VDA / DXF / TIMS
rected

A distinct file is created for each curve and stored under <user_directo-
ry>\workarea\results\ASCII\<measurement_plan_name>\<feature
name>.txt.
Note: You can also have CALYPSO overwrite the file created during each
CNC run (see Exporting points during CNC run).
The output of curve results in files is defined related to the measurement
plan via Resources " Results to File.

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Output of the results of curve measurement

Results to file

On Off Select at CNC Start

Table file Curve Points Masked curve points

Merge File Initialize

DMIS

Q-DAS Default output (no separation)

PiWeb Export Configuration

PiWeb reporting Configuration

PDF Limit Files Configuration

Curve Distance File

Measurement points 5 Limit

Stylus data
Export Points Configuration
QIF
IPP Export
Automatic signing of reports Configuration
Curve Points

Off ASCII VDA DXF AccTeePro

TIMS
Act/Nom Points (Spline) Type1 (Nominal)
Type 2 (Actual)
Type 3 (Nominal + Nor. vector)
Type 4 (Actual + Nor. vector)
Type 5 (Nominal + Nor. vector + Deviation)
Type7 (Actual value in polar coordinates)
Typ7a (nominal angle + deviation)
Type7b (Nominal angle + negative deviation)

Meas. Points (Linear) Type8 (value corrected linearly)

Type9 (value not corrected)

OK Cancel Help

Select the desired content and format of the output files under Curve
Points in the Result To File window.

Output of curve points and tolerances in text

files
After each measurement, you may have the coordinates of the curve
points output to several text files; these file will be overwritten like log
files during the next measurement.
The points of a lift curve can be unwound and projected onto the plane.
1 Open the definition template of the curve and click the Evaluation
button.
The Evaluation dialog box is opened.
2 On the Extended tab under Points in file, tick the Points in file
check box.

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 Output of the results of curve measurement

3 Click the Parameters for the point output to an ASCII file icon.
You will see the Points in file window with the settings for the out-
put to file.

Points in file

Points in file

Points in base alignment

Points in current system

Unwind points Start Angle

Nominal and tolerance points (not developed!)

OK Cancel

The default path is the measurement plan directory and the feature
name is the default file name. The file name extension is “txt”.
4 If required, enter a different path and file name or click the button
and select them in the Save file dialog box.
5 Select the coordinate system for specification of the points. The base
alignment is set by default.
6 Tick the Nominal and tolerance points (not developed!) check
box to generate the text files.
7 For lift data: If required, activate unwinding of the curve points and
define the start angle (default: the angle of the first curve point).
Unwinding is a projection of the three-dimensional lift curve onto
the plane: The curve points are projected onto the lateral surface of
the cylinder; this surface will then be “unwound” from the cylinder.
The result is a curve on the plane (z = 0).
8 Click OK to confirm.
9 Close the Evaluation window with OK.

Reference: Format of the text file with curve

points
After each measurement, you may have the coordinates of the curve
points output to a text file. In the text file, the points are represented in
Cartesian coordinates as follows:

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Output of the results of curve measurement

– In the first line, you will find the variable names x, y, z, u, v, w (for
the coordinates of the point and its normal vector) and r (for the sty-
lus radius).
– The other lines show the values for each individual point below the
variables. The unit for the values is “mm”.
– In case of unwound lift curves, you will find zeros in the third col-
umn.
– r = 0 means that no correction of the stylus radius is required.
The following shows an example of the format of such a text file.

x y z u v w
r
-23.0707348835 -32.0739616041 -0.9213020337 0.0019417548 0.9188948219 -0.3944978274
0.0
-21.5829215676 -32.0760668737 -0.9198508453 0.0001264637 -0.9093540976 0.4160229671
0.0
-20.0751808348 -32.0742300542 -0.9203910801 0.0001018995 0.9418390797 -0.3360641866
0.0
-18.5754535891 -32.0759142286 -0.9194448817 0.0005215434 -0.9841751775 0.1771974828
0.0
-17.0740001869 -32.0725757351 -0.9194892888 -0.0006841894 0.9999996467 -0.0004883545
0.0
-15.5591963058 -32.0762768604 -0.9200407405 -0.0030894740 -0.8653831066 0.5011013210
0.0
-14.0713513121 -32.0789392544 -0.9205921658 0.0020224195 -0.9924604729 -0.1225484378
0.0
-12.5698426332 -32.0726308300 -0.9201344234 -0.0027245345 0.9929397400 0.1185885726
0.0
-11.0521915216 -32.0743066146 -0.9201852439 0.0029758511 0.8023852166 -0.5967990520
0.0
-9.5618831389 -32.0774705126 -0.9197375737 0.0016869369 -0.9774580500 0.2111229847
0.0
-8.0600024197 -32.0716499506 -0.9207801273 -0.0019823247 0.9623648355 -0.2717535535
0.0
-6.5492508541 -32.0728412410 -0.9198281411 -0.0006327384 -0.9273548406 0.3741825749
0.0
-5.0510986398 -32.0715213582 -0.9203771783 -0.0007064220 0.9655644195 -0.2601631270
0.0
-3.5491471593 -32.0701556948 -0.9204217208 0.0033960346 -0.9992305329 -0.0390744047
0.0
-2.0219519625 -32.0728254374 -0.9199832673 0.0205454752 0.9997206636 0.0116823907
0.0

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 Output of the results of curve measurement

Formula access to tolerances and deviations

of curve points
If you have the PCM option, you can access the deviation and the toler-
ances in each individual curve point via formulas.
The following PCM commands are available to you for this purpose:
– getActualCurvePointDev

Yields the deviation of the specified curve in a specific point.

– getActualCurvePointLowTol

Yields the lower tolerance of the specified curve in a specific point.

– getActualCurvePointUppTol

Yields the upper tolerance of the specified curve in a specific point.

Examples
getActualCurvePointDev("Curve",2,167)

yields the deviation of the curve "Curve(2)" in the point with the number
167.
getActualCurvePointLowTol("Boundary curve 3",,208)

yields the lower tolerance of the "boundary curve 3" in the point with
the number 208.
getActualCurvePointUppTol("Curve",LOOP3,145)

yields for LOOP3 = 2 the upper tolerance of "Curve<2>" in the point

with the number 145.

Formula editor
The PCM commands also are available to you in the formula editor: You
also can enter the following attributes in the formula editor for getAc-
tual without the PCM option:

Attribute Return value

lowTolAtMaxDev Lower tolerance of the curve point with the maximum deviation
lowTolAtMinDev Lower tolerance of the curve point with the minimum deviation
uppTolAtMaxDev Upper tolerance of the curve point with the maximum deviation
uppTolAtMinDev Upper tolerance of the curve point with the minimum deviation

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Output of the results of curve measurement

Output of points and deviations of a cam

curve in text files
For some characteristics, you may output the curve points and deviations
in a text file (*.TXT).
Export is possible for the following characteristics:
– Cam lift
– Cam velocity
– Cam acceleration
To do so, click Output as text file in the definition template of the
characteristic.
Output format The output comprises a text file with several lines containing four values
each:
– Angle
– Nominal
– Actual
– Deviation

Graphical evaluation of curve deviations

Options for graphic evaluation
There are three options available for the graphic evaluation of the curve
measurement just as for other features:
– Output of form plots via characteristics
– Output via the Graphics Element utility
– Output in report from PiWeb reporting

Output of form plots via characteristics

You call form plots and display them as described in the Basic Operating
Instructions under Outputting form and location plots for characteristics.
Curve Form The form plots available for the Curve Form characteristic are as follows:
– Linear curve form
– 2d curve form
– Multi-Curve form linear
– Multi-Curve form 2D

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 Output of the results of curve measurement

A special aspect of the form plot for curves is the option of selecting dif-
ferent scales in X and Y direction.
Curve Slope The form plots available for the Curve Slope characteristic are as follows:
– Pattern Type 1 (portrait and landscape)
– Pattern Type 2 (portrait and landscape)
– Pattern Type 3 (portrait and landscape)
Five parameters are additionally displayed in the form plots for the curve
slope:
– Pitch error
– Form error
– Total Deviation
– Minimum Deviation fmin
– Maximum Deviation fmax
In addition to the graphical output, the measuring results also can be
output in tabular form as a point list.
Cam evaluation The following form plots are available for the characteristics of the cam
evaluation:
– Cam lift type 1 and type 2
– Cam velocity type 1 and type 2
– Cam acceleration type 1 and type 2

Point table in the form plot

In addition to the graphical output, the measuring results also can be
output in tabular form as a point list.
Output of the point list in the form plot is activated in the selection list
of the Form and location plot window by selecting the Point List
entry.
The following data is output in the point list:
– Actual and nominal values
– Upper and lower tolerances
– Deviation

Examples for form plots:

Example: Slope Type 1 form plot
The illustration shows the Slope Type 1 form plot (landscape) by way
of example.

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Output of the results of curve measurement

It is derived from the 2D curve form. In addition, the regression line is

shown.

Example: Slope Type 2 form plot

The illustration shows the Slope Type 2 form plot (landscape) by way
of example.
It is derived from the 2D curve form. In addition, the regression line is
shown. The distorted coordinate system is shown; the angle is selected
so that the slope line is shown horizontally.

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 Output of the results of curve measurement

Example: Slope Type 3 form plot

The illustration shows the Curve form 2D form plot (landscape) by way
of example.
It is derived from the linear curve form. In addition, the regression line is
shown.

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Output of the results of curve measurement

Example: Curve Form form plot

The illustration shows the Curve form 2D form plot by way of example.

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 Output of the results of curve measurement

Example: Point list in the form plot

The following illustration shows a point list in the Curve Form plot by
way of example.

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Output of the results of curve measurement

Example: Curve distance plots

The following examples show various curve distance plots.
For details, please refer to Examples of form and location plots in the
Online Help.
Curve plot A curve plot shows the deviation between the nominal distance and the
actual distance in graphic form. It is not a representation of the actually
measured values and does not show the form of the workpiece.

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 Output of the results of curve measurement

Line plot The line plot shows the difference between the actual distance and the
nominal distance for each measuring point based on the first measuring
point.

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Output of the results of curve measurement

2-curve plot In the 2-curve plot, the two curves are placed one on top of the other.
The location of the curves is immediately visible.

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 Output of the results of curve measurement

NOTE
Several curve distance plots can be output in a graphic.

Output of form plots via Graphics Element

The output via the Graphics Element utility is described in the Basic
Operating Instructions under Defining graphics elements.
Graphic forms Graphic forms and single templates are available for the following mea-
suring results:
– Curve Distance
– Curve Form

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Output of the results of curve measurement

– Curve Best Fit

The graphic forms show all table values which are important for the
curve; in addition, the best fit forms also contain the best fit result.
Multiple Curve Plots If curve plots are assigned to the same characteristic type (e.g. curve
form), you can group them in the graphics element and output them all
together in a multiple plot. This enhances i.a. your comparisons of differ-
ent curves.

Output of form plots in the report from PiWeb

reporting
You can define the output of plots in the report from PiWeb reporting in
the definition template of the characteristic.
Click the PiWeb reporting output configuration button to open the
PiWeb reporting plot preview window, in which you can define the
display of the plot, the magnification and the plot type.

NOTE
In order for the plot to appear in PiWeb reporting, the report template
must allow the output of plots through suitably designed row tem-
plates.

The following plot types are available for the Curve Stroke, Cam Lift,
Cam Velocity, and Cam Acceleration characteristics.
– Line profile plot (distorted)
– Line profile plot
– Straightness plot
– Line profile plot (rotationally symmetric)

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Alphabetic index

Numerics C
2D curve CAD model
Adopting actual deviations curve 1 for Creating 3D curves from files on the
nominal data curve 2 1-44 CAD model 1-34
Adopting from CAD model 1-33 Calculated tolerances, curve 1-68
Adopting the deviations of a Calculation methods
reference curve 1-44 Deviations for the curve 1-74
3D Curve Cam acceleration
Adopting from CAD model 1-33 Characteristic 1-134
As a lift curve 1-6 Cam curve
as thread 1-158 Points and deviations in text
Displaying as tape width 1-158 files 1-166
Evaluation 1-158 Cam groove 1-30
From files on CAD model 1-34 Cam lift
4-axis scanning 1-93 Characteristic 1-131
Cam velocity
A Characteristic 1-132
Acceleration Center curve
Of curve measurement 1-54 Construction 1-18
Actual -> nominal 1-75 Feature 1-19
Actual in plane 1-76 Center curve from 2 curves 1-17
Actual value plot - setting 1-127 Center of gravity
Approach direction Showing ~ of the curve 1-139
For 3D curve 1-51 Chebyshev
Approximation 1-146 Best fit curve 1-141
ASCII Construction
Curve results 1-160 Maximum point 1-57
ASCII file Minimum point 1-57
For curve nominal values 1-11 Constructions
For curve tolerances 1-66 Intersection 1-58
Importing for curve 1-7 Context menu
Curve in the CAD window 1-80
B Controlling scanning
Via modified nominal contour 1-98
Basics
Coordinate system
Curve measurement 1-2
From best fit alignment of several
Best Fit
curves 1-156
Defining, of the curve 1-142
optimizing (Best Fit) 1-137
of the curve – method 1-141
of the curve – Parameters 1-140

61212-2711902 CALYPSO 2021 Alphabetic index 11

 Curve Curve measurement 1-2
“Edge curve” measurement 3D curve 1-3
reference 1-106 Accelerating 1-54
“Element” measurement Actual -> nominal deviation 1-75
reference 1-105
Actual in plane deviation 1-76
Changing nominal values 1-35
Basics 1-2
Changing the approach
direction 1-51 CAD window 1-80
Deviation of threads 1-155 Characteristics 1-108
Deviations, graphical 1-166 Checking nominal vectors 1-47
Excluding overlaps 1-153 Checking the clearance planes 1-54
Filtering 1-151 Constructions 1-57
Limit evaluation 1-149 Context menu 1-80
Max. number of points 1-2, 1-74 Defining nominal data 1-7
Nominal values by single defining the curve feature 1-5
probing 1-21 Deviation calculation 1-74
Nominals list 1-41 Deviation grid coordinates 1-77
Optimizing coordinate system 1-137 Deviation in grid coordinates 1-77
Projection of results 1-78 Deviation in nominal vector
Smoothing nominal values 1-53 direction 1-75
Supplementing by nominal Deviation in X direction 1-76
points 1-45 Deviation in Y direction 1-76
Taking segment gaps into Deviation in Z direction 1-76
consideration 1-153
Deviation space point evaluation
Unknown contour as unknown without interpolation 1-78
cut 1-22
Differences 2d, 3d, and lift curves 1-6
Curve Best Fit
Digitizing 1-20
Coordinate system 1-156
Digitizing 3D curve in area 1-26
Defining 1-142
Digitizing 3D curves 1-25
Method 1-141
Editing nominals 1-35
Parameters 1-140
Face curve, definition 1-3
Curve distance
File for segment tolerances 1-64
Characteristic 1-119
Flat curves 1-2
Curve expansion
Grouping segments 1-90
Characteristic 1-122
Having tolerances calculated 1-68
Curve Form
Importing ASCII file 1-7
Characteristic 1-125
Importing files for nominal values 1-8
Curve jump
Jump tolerance in the feature 1-72
Characteristic 1-128
Lift curve, definition 1-3
Curve jump tolerance
Loading ASCII files for nominal values
Definition 1-71 in CNC 1-11
For the entire curve 1-72 Loading ASCII files with tolerances in
Via characteristic 1-128 CNC 1-66
Curve length Loading VDA file selectively 1-8
Characteristic 1-123 Lower deviation 1-128
Measuring a contour using single
points 1-102
Measuring curves which are difficult
to access 1-93

22 Alphabetic index 61212-2711902 CALYPSO 2021

 Measuring strategy 1-83
D
Nominal in plane deviation 1-76
Defining
Nominal values by single
probing 1-21 Characteristics for curve 1-108
Nominal vectors, changing 1-48 Nominal data for curve 1-7
Nominal vectors, creating 1-49 Deviation
Outliers 1-152 Actual -> nominal 1-75
Point list 1-84 Actual in plane 1-76
Radial deviation 1-78 Grid coordinates 1-77
Range 1-128 In nominal vector direction 1-75
Restricting the search distance 1-145 in X direction 1-76
Results in files 1-160 in Y direction 1-76
Scanning 1-87 in Z direction 1-76
Scanning a cam groove 1-30 Nominal in plane 1-76
Scanning a known contour 1-91 Of threads 1-155
Scanning a lift curve 1-27 Radial 1-78
Scanning an unknown contour 1-96 Space point evaluation 1-77, 1-78
Segments 1-87 Digitizing
Smoothing a curve 1-146 3D curve in area 1-26
Sorting points 1-148 Distance between points
Space point evaluation deviation 1-77 Characteristics for curve 1-110
Spatial curves 1-3 DXF
Standard 1-128 Curve results 1-160
Tolerances 1-60 DXF file
Tolerances for segments 1-62 Importing 1-8
Tolerances for the entire curve 1-61
Unknown contour as unknown E
cut 1-22
Edge curves
Upper deviation 1-128
Relative measurement 1-103
With nominal contour extension:
Extending nominal contour
(curve) 1-98 F
Curve measurement, measurement results File output
Best Fit 1-140 Results of curve measurement 1-160
Calculating deviations 1-136 Filter
Center of gravity 1-139 Curve 1-151
Deviation 1-136 Form plot
Curve measurement, measuring Curve 1-166
results 1-74
Form tolerance 1-127
Curve measurement, results 1-136
Curve points, maximum number 1-2,
1-74 G
Curve points, output Gaussian best fit
Text File 1-162 Curve 1-141
Curve Slope Grid coordinates 1-77
Characteristic 1-115 Grouping
Curve Stroke Segments of the curve 1-90
Characteristic 1-117

61212-2711902 CALYPSO 2021 Alphabetic index 33

 H N
Helix projection 1-79 Nominal curve values
Exporting in ZEISS CALYPSO
format 1-55
I
Nominal data
Import
Format of the ASCII file 1-12, 1-67
Files for curve 1-8
Nominal data for curve
Importing curve tolerances
Point generator 1-13
Format of the file 1-12, 1-67
Nominal in plane 1-76
Importing nominal curve values
Nominal points of the curve
Format of the file 1-12, 1-67
Angle preset 1-36
Importing PAB files 1-8
Nominal values
Intersection 1-58
of the curve by manual probing 1-21
Of the curve, smoothing 1-53
J Shifting by material thickness 1-43
Jump tolerance
Nominal values of a curve
Of the curve as the
Adding an offset 1-46
characteristic 1-128
Adding points 1-45
Of the entire curve 1-72
Changing 1-35
Changing in vector direction 1-37
L
Nominal values of the curve
L1
Changing in coordinate axis
Best fit curve 1-141 direction 1-40
Lift curve Changing the number 1-38
Evaluation 1-158 Nominal vector direction
Format of nominal data 1-9 Deviation 1-75
Marking 1-6 Nominal vectors
Unmarking 1-6 Format of the ASCII file 1-12, 1-67
Limit evaluation Of the 3D curve, creating 1-49
Curve values 1-149 of the curve, changing 1-48
Line Profile Nominals list
Characteristic 1-111 Of the curve 1-41
Line profile with reference length Number of curve points, maximum 1-2,
Characteristic 1-114 1-74

M O
Material thickness 1-43 Offset
Max. number of curve points 1-2, 1-74 Adding to curve values 1-154
Maximum point 1-57 By nominal curve values 1-46
Curves 1-57
Minimum point 1-57 P
Curves 1-57 Performance
Curve measurement 1-54
Point assignment
Extended 3d curve 1-158

44 Alphabetic index 61212-2711902 CALYPSO 2021

Point generator 1-14 Space Point Evaluation 1-77
For curve 1-13 Without interpolation 1-78
Point list Stroke data
Curve 1-83 Format 1-9
Point list (curve) Surface area
Outputting as file 1-85 Characteristic 1-124
Printing 1-85 Symmetry curve 1-17
Points of a cam curve
Output as text file 1-166 T
Projection Table file
2D curves 1-78 Reference 1-159
3D curves 1-79 Text file
With curve points, format 1-163
R Thread
Radial deviation 1-78 3d curve 1-158
Relative measurement TIMS
of curves 1-103 Curve results 1-160
Reversing TOL/PROFS
Segment 1-100 Curve 1-111
Reversing the measuring direction Tolerance band
Curve segment 1-100 Best fit into ~ 1-141
Tolerance offset 1-127
S Tolerance segment file
Scanning Structure 1-67
Curve 1-87 Tolerances
Scanning a groove 1-30 For curve 1-60
Search distance: Having them calculated for curve 1-68
Restricting for curve 1-145 Tolerances (curve)
Segment From ASCII file 1-66
Reversing 1-100 Turbine blade
Reversing the measuring Error on narrow edges 1-158
direction 1-100 Extending nominal contour 1-98
Segment tolerances 1-62 Turbine blades
From a file 1-64 Taking segment gaps into
Segments consideration 1-153
Considering gaps 1-153
Excluding overlaps 1-153 U
Of the curve, grouping 1-90 Unknown cut
Shape of tolerance zone 1-112 For unknown contour 1-22
Sheet thickness 1-43
Smoothing V
Curve 1-146
VDA
Sorting
Curve results 1-160
Curve points 1-148
Sorting points, curve 1-148

61212-2711902 CALYPSO 2021 Alphabetic index 55

 VDA file
Importing 1-8
Loading selectively 1-8
Vertical projection 1-79

Z
ZEISS CALYPSO format
Creating 3D curves 1-34
Exporting nominal values 1-55

66 Alphabetic index 61212-2711902 CALYPSO 2021