RG/A/19/1208
RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LAW, PUNJAB
MOHINDRA KOTHI, THE MALL, PATIALA - 147 001
LL.M. FIRST SEMESTER
DECEMBER - 2008
Final END TERM EXAMINATION
SUBJECT: LEGAL EDUCATION AND
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
TIME DURATION: THREE HOURS
MAXIMUM MARKS: SIXTY (60)
Note: The Question Paper consists of Three Sections - A, B and C.
Section (A)
(1) Attempt All Questions from this Section . Each question
carries 2 marks
(i) Relevance of Legal Education in Research
(ii) Mention Five Components of Legal Education
(iii) Significance of Doctrinal Research
(iv) Explain Exploratory Research Design
(v) Purpose of Law Commission of India 14th Report 1958
Contd…..P.2
(vi) Difference between Census Method and Sampling Method (ii) Discuss various Teaching Methods.Which is the best method
of teaching?
(vii) Explain Purposive Sampling
(viii) Define Content Analysis Unit (V)
(ix) Significance of Research Report Writing (i) Write a note of Research Report Writing.
(x) What do you understand by ‘Value Neutrality’?
(ii) Discuss the Middle Range Theory of Robert Merton.
Section (B) Section (C)
(2) Attempt any One Question from each Unit of this Section. (3) Attempt any Two Questions from this Section. Each question
Each Question carries 4 marks carries 10 marks.
Unit (I)
(i) Discuss the role of legal research in law making, law
(i) Discuss the growth of legal education in India. reforming and codification. Justify your answer with recent
(ii) Discuss significance of Clinical Legal Education with the help exmples.
of examples.
(ii) Do you think that Legal Reforms Committees and
Unit (II) Commissions play a satisfactory role in present legal
(i) Define ‘Research Design’. Discuss various types of Research education. Mention the practical approach of these
Design with the help of examples. Committees and Commissions?
(ii) Discuss the contribution of UGC curriculum Development (iii) Explain various techniques used in collection of data. After the
Committee (CDC) in legal reforms. data is collected, how it is analysed. Is analysis of data is
Unit (III) relevant in research work?
(i) Define ‘Hypothesis’. What is relevance of hypothesis in (iv) Define ‘Sampling Method’. Explain various types of Sampling
research. Justify your answer with examples. with the help of examples.
(ii) Relevance of Scaling Technique. Explain four types of Scales.
Unit (IV)
(i) What is contribution of Webgraphy and other electronic Devices
in Legal Research.
Contd…..P.3
RG/A/19/1208
RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LAW, PUNJAB
MOHINDRA KOTHI, THE MALL, PATIALA - 147 001
LL.M. FIRST SEMESTER
DECEMBER - 2008
END TERM EXAMINATION
SUBJECT: LEGAL EDUCATION AND
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
TIME DURATION: THREE HOURS
MAXIMUM MARKS: SIXTY (60)
Note: The Question Paper consists of Three Sections - A, B and C.
Section (A)
(1) Attempt All Questions from this Section . Each question
carries 2 marks
(i) What is the status of Legal Education in India
(ii) Contribution of Legal Research in Codification
(iii) Give three functions of Bar Council in reforming Legal Education
(iv) Socio-Legal Research
(v) Need of Research Design
Contd…..P.2
(vi) Case Study Method (ii) How Legislative Materials and Decisional Materials play on
important role in Research work?
(vii) Define the term Content Analysis
(viii) M ention five defects or deficiencies of Legal Education Unit (V)
(ix) Discuss Seminar M ethod of teaching (i) Signifcance of Research Report Writing.
(x) What do you mean by M ete Cognitive Doubts
(ii) What do you understand by theory of value? Neutrality
propounded by Max Weber.
Section (B)
Section (C)
(2) Attempt any One Question from each Unit of this Section.
Each Question carries 4 marks
(3) Attempt any Two Questions from this Section. Each question
Unit (I) carries 10 marks.
(i) Write a note on Legal Education in International Perspective.
(i) Discuss the development of Legal Education from tradition to
(ii) Write a critical note on various examination systems and their modern India. What is status of Legal Education in 21st
method of evaulations. century?
Unit (II)
(ii) Define Socio-Legal Research. Explain various types of
(i) How Research Design is an instrument of Research. Can a Research with the help of examples.
research be conducted without Research Design.
(iii) How Interview method plays an important role in Research?
(ii) Write a critical note on the Legal Reform committees and
Critically analyse this method with help of recent examples.
Commissions.
Unit (III) (iv) Critically analyse various prominent methods and techniques
of teaching.
(i) How a research problem is identified. Write a note on
identification and formulation of legal research problem?
(ii) Explain Interview Schedule method. What is difference
between Interview and Questionnaire method?
Unit (IV)
(i) Critically explain various prominent teaching methods. Give your
suggestions for reforms.
Contd…..P.3
RG/A/26/1208
RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LAW, PUNJAB
MOHINDRA KOTHI, THE MALL, PATIALA - 147 001
LL.M. FIRST SEMESTER
DECEMBER - 2008
END TERM EXAMINATION
SUBJECT: LAW OF CONTRACTUAL
TRANSACTIONS
TIME DURATION: THREE HOURS
MAXIMUM MARKS: SIXTY (60)
Note: The Question Paper consists of Three Sections - A, B and C.
Section (A)
(1) Attempt All Questions from this Section . Each question
carries 2 marks
(i) Contract
(ii) Mistake of Fact
(iii) Bailment
(iv) Gaurantee
(v) Minor’s Contract
Contd…..P.2
(vi) Contigent Contract Unit (V)
(vii) Indemnity (i) Advise what are the kind of contracts which can be
(viii) Undue Influence specifically enforced under Specific Relief Act, 1963?
(ix) Public Servant (ii) What is the scope and ambit of the discretion of the court not
(x) M istake of L aw to enforce contractual transactions under the Specific Relief
Act, 1963?
Section (B) Section (C)
(2) Attempt any One Question from each Unit of this Section. (3) Attempt any Two Questions from this Section. Each question
Each Question carries 4 marks carries 10 marks.
Unit (I)
(i) What are the elements which render a contract void or
(i) Discuss ‘ Freedom of Contract’ in the Indian Contract Act, voidable in the Indian Contract Act, 1872?
1872.
(ii) What is ‘Consideration’ within the meaning of the Indian (ii) Describe the salient features of law of partnership in
Contract Act, 1872? the Indian Partnership Act, 1932.
Unit (II) (iii) Discuss law relating to the breach of contract.
(i) Explain ‘Government Contract’ under Article 298 and Article
299 of the Constitution of India. (iv) What is ‘Frustration of Contract’? Also explain how courts
measure damages in the case of breach of contract.
(ii) Describe the duties of the ‘Finder of Goods’ in the Indian
Contract Act, 1872.
Unit (III)
(i) What do you understand by ‘Agency’ ?
(ii) Write note on the‘Sale of Goods Act, 1930’
Unit (IV)
(i) Describe main features of the Specific Relief Act, 1963.
(ii) Explain ‘Digital Signature’. Also briefly describe law relating
to Digital Signatures.
Contd…..P.3
RG/A/23/1208
RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LAW, PUNJAB
MOHINDRA KOTHI, THE MALL, PATIALA - 147 001
LL.M. FIRST SEMESTER
DECEMBER - 2008
END TERM EXAMINATION
SUBJECT: LAW AND SOCIAL
TRANSFORMATION
TIME DURATION: THREE HOURS
MAXIMUM MARKS: SIXTY (60)
Note: The Question Paper consists of Three Sections - A, B and C.
Section (A)
(1) Attempt All Questions from this Section . Each question
carries 2 marks
(i) Judicial Activism
(ii) Public Interest Litigation
(iii) International Law
(iv) Liberalization
(v) Local Self Government
Contd…..P.2
(vi) Right of Movement Unit (V)
(vii) Residence (i) What is the legal and social status of children in India?
(viii) Rule in Shah Bano Case
(ii) How far the law has reformed the conditions of children in
(ix) Roop Kanwar’s Case India?
(x) Terrorism Section (C)
Section (B) (3) Attempt any Two Questions from this Section. Each question
carries 10 marks.
(2) Attempt any One Question from each Unit of this Section.
Each Question carries 4 marks (i) Examine the role of law as an instrument of social
Unit (I) change.
(i) How far law is the product of tradition, culture and colonization (ii) Evaluate,whether the Constitution of India through the
in India? Supreme Court judicial decisions changed the post
(ii) What is the relationship of ‘Caste & Law’ in India? independent Indian Society.
Unit (II) (iii) What reforms are required in judicial system & processes in
(i) How the Law and Jurisprudence deal with Sex Inequality in ‘Higher Judiciary’ in India?
India?
(iv) How far law and religion interect to control the Indian
(ii) Discuss briefly, Law of ‘Women Empowerment’ in India. Society?
Unit (III)
(i) Write a note on ‘Gender Culture’ in India.
(ii) Examine the relationship of Law & Language in India.
Unit (IV)
(i) How the law protects the position of Woman in the Indian
Society?
(ii) Write a note on the Feminist Jurisprudence in India?
Contd…..P.3
RG/A/26/1208
RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LAW, PUNJAB
MOHINDRA KOTHI, THE MALL, PATIALA - 147 001
LL.M. FIRST SEMESTER
DECEMBER - 2008
END TERM EXAMINATION
SUBJECT: INTERNATIONAL AND
REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE OF HUMAN RIGHTS
TIME DURATION: THREE HOURS
MAXIMUM MARKS: SIXTY (60)
Note: The Question Paper consists of Three Sections - A, B and C.
Section (A)
(1) Attempt All Questions from this Section . Each question
carries 2 marks
(i) Define a ‘Protocol’
(ii) Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
(iii) Amnesty International as Human Rights Body
(iv) Cultural Relativism and Human Rights
(v) The Benijal Charter
Contd…..P.2
(vi) The Strasbourg Institutions Unit (V)
(vii) The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (i) How would you support Asian Human Rights Regime.
(viii) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(ii) Evaluate the role of ASEAN in building upon Asian Human
(ix) The European Social Charter Rights Mechanism.
(x) The Asian Charter on Human Rights
Section (C)
Section (B)
(3) Attempt any Two Questions from this Section. Each question
(2) Attempt any One Question from each Unit of this Section. carries 10 marks.
Each Question carries 4 marks
Unit (I) (i) Write a detailed note on the International Bill of Human
Rights.
(i) Write a note on International Human Rights Regime.
(ii) Write a note on Human Rights under the League of Nations. (ii) Write a detailed note on the Inter-American Human
Rights Mechanism.
Unit (II)
(i) Bring out the comparism between the two International (iii) Explain the African Human Rights Mechanism and bring out
Covenants of the International Bill of Human Rights. its unique features.
(ii) Explain the Role of NGOs in the promotion and protection of (iv) Discuss the youngest Human Rights Mechanism in the world.
human rights.
Unit (III)
(i) Give justifications for the Regional Human Rights Mechanism
in the world.
(ii) Write a note on European Human Rights Mechanism.
Unit (IV)
(i) Analyse the role of various organs of the United Nation in the
promotion and protection of human rights.
(ii) Write a note on challenges to universal human rights.
Contd…..P.3
RG/A/29/1208
RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LAW, PUNJAB
MOHINDRA KOTHI, THE MALL, PATIALA - 147 001
LL.M. FIRST SEMESTER
DECEMBER - 2008
END TERM EXAMINATION
SUBJECT: NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND
HUMAN RIGHTS
TIME DURATION: THREE HOURS
MAXIMUM MARKS: SIXTY (60)
Note: The Question Paper consists of Three Sections - A, B and C.
Section (A)
(1) Attempt All Questions from this Section . Each question
carries 2 marks
(i) Ombudsman
(ii) Commonwealth Model of NHRIs
(iii) Human Rights Courts in India
(iv) NHRIs of India
(v) Vienna Convention and NHRIs
Contd…..P.2
(vi) Independence as an essential feature of NHRIs Unit (V)
(vii) Preamble to the Indian Constitution and NHRIs (i) Explain the measures to check effectiveness of NHRI’s.
(viii) The Civil L ibertion Union, 1930 and NHRIs in India
(ii) Importance of NHRIs.
(ix) Features of Human Rights Commissions
(x) Composition of National Human Rights Commission of India Section (C)
Section (B) (3) Attempt any Two Questions from this Section. Each question
carries 10 marks.
(2) Attempt any One Question from each Unit of this Section.
Each Question carries 4 marks (i) Write a detailed note of National Human Rights
Unit (I) Institutions
(i) Write a note on history and development of National Human (ii) Compare and Contrast the nature and functioning of
Rights Commission in India. different kinds of NHRIs.
(ii) Enumerate the variuos Human Rights Provisions in the Indian
Constitution. (iii) Write a note on International approach towards NHRIs.
Unit (II) (iv) Discuss Regional Approach towards NHRIs.
(i) Write a note on National Human Rights Institutions.
(ii) Compare the Paris Principles and National Human Rights
Institutions (NHRIs)
Unit (III)
(i) Write a note on United Nations and NHRIs.
(ii) Compare the features of Ombudsman and Human Rights
Commission.
Unit (IV)
(i) Classification of National Human Rights Institutions.
(ii) Regional Initiatives Towards NHRIs.
Contd…..P.3
RG/A/29/1208
(ii) What are the Penalties prescribed under the Negotiable RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LAW, PUNJAB
Instrument Act, 1881 in case of dishonour of a cheque MOHINDRA KOTHI, THE MALL, PATIALA - 147 001
for insufficiency of funds in the account of the person
issuing the cheque? What steps the payee should take
for making the drawer liable for his offence? Support
you answer with a decided case.
(iii) Define the terms ‘Banker’ and ‘Customer’. What are the
general and special relationships between a banker and
customer?
(iv) ‘The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 is a benevolent piece of LL.M. FIRST SEMESTER
legislation’. Explain the statement and discuss the jurisdiction DECEMBER - 2008
of ‘Consumer Disputes Redressal Agencies’ in banking END TERM EXAMINATION
matters. SUBJECT: LAW OFBANKING
TIME DURATION: THREE HOURS
MAXIMUM MARKS: SIXTY (60)
Note: The Question Paper consists of Three Sections - A, B and C.
Section (A)
(1) Attempt All Questions from this Section . Each question
carries 2 marks
(i) Unit Banking
(ii) What is merchant banking?
(iii) Cash Reserve Ratio
(iv) Payment in due course
(v) Inchoate instrument
Contd…..P.2
(vi) Mr. X, a valued customer has drawn a bearer cheque of Rs. (ii) “Every holder in due course must be a holder, but every holder
50,000 in favour of Suresh, a minor. The minor comes to the may not be a holder in due course.” Discuss and distinguish
Bank for receiving the payment. Discuss whether the amount between the two.
can be paid to the minor?
(vii) Blank endorsement Unit (IV)
(viii) Noting and Protesting (i) Under what circumstances shall a negotiable instrument
(ix) General crossing be called to have been materially altered? What is the
effect of such an alteration?
(x) Banker’s lien
Section (B) (ii) “A banker is bound to honour his customer’s cheques.” To
what extent is this true? Discuss.
(2) Attempt any One Question from each Unit of this Section.
Each Question carries 4 marks Unit (V)
Unit (I) (i) Explain the terms ‘Consumer’ and ‘deficiency of
(i) Discuss the various functions of commercial banks. Service’ under the Consumer Protection Act. Support
your answer with a few decided cases.
(ii) State the provisions of Banking Regulation Act regarding
licensing of banking companies and minimum paid-up capital (ii) Discuss the recent trends in the banking system in India with
and reserves. particular reference to ‘Electronic Banking.’
Unit (II)
Section (C)
(i) State the various functions of Reserve Bank of India.
(ii) “The Reserve Bank of India has wide powers to control and (3) Attempt any Two Questions from this Section. Each question
regulate the activities of banks.” Explain the statement in the carries 10 marks.
context of provisions contained in the Banking Regulation
Act, 1949. (i) To what extent is protection given to a banker who pays
a cheque to, or who collects a cheque on behlf of, a
Unit (III) person who is not its owner. Answer the question with
(i) Define the term ‘Negotiable Instrument.’ State the presumptions reference to bearer, order and crossed cheques.
applicable to all the negotiable instruments as provided under
the Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881.
Contd…..P.3 Contd…..P.4
RG/A/26/1208
RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LAW, PUNJAB
MOHINDRA KOTHI, THE MALL, PATIALA - 147 001
LL.M. FIRST SEMESTER
DECEMBER - 2008
END TERM EXAMINATION
SUBJECT: GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
CRIMINAL LAW
TIME DURATION: THREE HOURS
MAXIMUM MARKS: SIXTY (60)
Note: The Question Paper consists of Three Sections - A, B and C.
Section (A)
(1) Attempt All Questions from this Section . Each question
carries 2 marks
(i) Nulla poena sine lege
(ii) Intention
(iii) Definition of Crime
(iv) Strict Liability
(v) Accident
Contd…..P.2
(vi) Mistake of Fact Unit (V)
(vii) Abettor (i) Explain different theories of punishment.
(viii) Criminal Conspiracy
(ii) Discuss significance of sentence hearing in criminal trial.
(ix) What is individualization of Sentence?
(x) What are different kinds of Punishment under I.P.C? Section (C)
Section (B) (3) Attempt any Two Questions from this Section. Each question
carries 10 marks.
(2) Attempt any One Question from each Unit of this Section.
Each Question carries 4 marks (i) Discuss in detail different stages in the commission of
Unit (I) Crime.
(i) Discuss origin and development of Crime. (ii) Explain the Right to Private Defence to body. When does
(ii) What are different elements of Crime? this right extends to causing death of the assailant?
Unit (II) (iii) What is unlawful assembly? When a person is liable for
(i) Explain different culpable states of mind in Crime. an offence committed by other member of the lawful
assembly?
(ii) What do you understand by presumption of culpable mental
state in fixing Criminal Liability? (iv) Discuss the retionale and constitutional validity of the
Unit (III) death sentence.
(i) Discuss the defence of Unsoundness of Mind in Criminal
Liability.
(ii) Explain consideration of provocation as a Mitigating Factor in
Criminal Liability.
Unit (IV)
(i) Discuss Criminal Liability based on ‘Common Intention’
(ii) What is abetment? How a Crime is abetted?
Contd…..P.3
RG/A/29/1208
RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LAW, PUNJAB
MOHINDRA KOTHI, THE MALL, PATIALA - 147 001
LL.M. FIRST SEMESTER
DECEMBER - 2008
END TERM EXAMINATION
SUBJECT: COMPARATIVE STUDYOF
SPECIFIC CRIMES
TIME DURATION: THREE HOURS
MAXIMUM MARKS: SIXTY (60)
Note: The Question Paper consists of Three Sections - A, B and C.
Section (A)
(1) Attempt All Questions from this Section . Each question
carries 2 marks
(i) Abetment to Suicide
(ii) Female Foeticide
(iii) Wrongful Restraint
(iv) Outraging Modesty of a woman
(v) Sedition
Contd…..P.2
(vi) Rioting Unit (V)
(vii) Mischief (i) Discuss the offence of Cruelty by husband towards wife
(viii) Forgery as provided under Indian Penal Code.
(ix) Adultry (ii) Write a note on Domestic Violence.
(x) Dowry Death
Section (C)
Section (B)
(3) Attempt any Two Questions from this Section. Each question
(2) Attempt any One Question from each Unit of this Section. carries 10 marks.
Each Question carries 4 marks
Unit (I) (i) Define Murder. Explain when intention of causing a
bodily injury as is likely to cause death is sufficient to fix
(i) Discuss Criminal liability of doctors for negligence. liability for murder?
(ii) Explain liability of a convict for murder committed while
undergoing life imprisonment, under Indian Penal Code. (ii) Explain the offence of Defamation. What are defences
available against this Criminal Liability.
Unit (II)
(i) Explain the offence of Kidnapping from lawful guardian as (iii) Define Dacoity. Discuss the ingradients of the offence
provided under Indian Penal Code. of dacoity as provided under Indian Penal Code.
(ii) What is offence of ‘Intimidation’. How is it different from (iv) Define rape. When is it gang rape? Explain the Criminal
offences of Insult and Annoyance. Liability for gang rape as provided under Indian Penal
Unit (III) Code.
(i) Discuss the offence of Waging War against the Government.
(ii) Write a note on offences relating to religion.
Unit (IV)
(i) Define theft. Distinguish Theft from Extortion.
(ii) Explain the offence of Criminal Breach of Trust.
Contd…..P.3
