Arundeep's I.C.S.E.

Geography-IX 199
functioning human system. Effects of Radiation
Sleeplessness: It affects the sleeping thereby
people to become restless and loose Exposure to high amounts of radiation almost
jnducing
oncentrationand presence of mind during their generate serious and chronic disease such as
cancer which is the most common radiation
activities.
with Communications : It causes
induced disease or immedíate death. Serious life
Interference communicate with other threatening disease may develop even from
disturbance while we exposure to small amounts of radiation. Thyroid
pople tumors/cancer may also develop due to effect of
Damageto
Material : The buildings and material radioactive iodine that accumulates in the thyroid.
daamaged by exposure to infrasonic/ Radiation causes genetic disorders which may
mav get collapsed.
onic waves and even get carry on year after year for generations.

SoLVED EXERCISES
option:
Choasethe correct 7. In Japan, pollution by heavy metal, cadmium,
150 dB of noise ? caused the disease called
What is the effect of
L (a) Itai-itai (b) Minamata
p) Pain in ear
pulse rate (d) Fluorosis
b Significant change in hearing (c) Encephalitis
to
e Permanent damagedizziness Ans (a) Itai-itai
a Nausea, vomiting, 8. Which disease causes discolouring of dental
pulse rate
s (b) Sigrnificant change in
enamel and black and brown stains on the teeth ?
Birds avoidmigrating to places where noise level (a) Itai-itai (b)Minamata
is above (c) Encephalitis (d) Fluorosis
(a) 100 dB (b) 90 dB
(d) 140 dB Ans (d) Fluorosis
(c) 150 dB
n (a) 100 dB
9. The Municipal Corporation of your city has
banned all construction activities from 5 pm to 9
A The process of depletion of oxygen from am. Why?
waterbodies occuring either naturally or due to
human activities. (a) To enable people to sleep
(a) Biomagnification (b) Eutrophication (b) To reduce the noise produced by the activity.
(O Bioaccumulation (d) Pollution (o) To reduce the physiological effects of noise
pollution.
b) Eutrophication
4 The increasein the concentration of various toxic () All of the above.
substances along the food chain : Ans (d) All of the above.
(a) Biomagnification (b) Eutrophication
() Bioaccumulation (d) Pollution II. Short Answer Questions
a) Biomagnification 1. How does noise pollution affect animnals ?
2 The phenomenon of concentrated toxic
deposition at the higher trophic level is known Ans Noise from industries, railways, crackers,
explosions, city commotion, and aircraft affects
la) Biomagnification (b) Eutrophication animals, birds, mice, fishes, and domestic animals
fo Bioaccumulation in various ways:
(d) Pollution
a tc) Bioaccumulation (i)) Birds avoid migrating to places with noise
6. levels above 100 dB.
Name the disease wlhich resulted in numbness
of body parts, vision and hearing problems and (ii) Noise emissions from supersonic aircraft and
abnormal mental behaviour in Japan. railways may cause miscarriage in mammals
la) Corona Virus (b) Minamata and fishes.
lo Encephalitis (d) Fluorosis (iii) Some birds cease egg-laying due to noise
as b) Minarnata pollution.
 200
Arundeep's LC6E Geogayhy%
2. What major harm is done to the human beings Impacts inchude genetic
by air pollution ? offopring and shorn4erm
Ans Major harms to human beings from air polluion diseases like canc,
indsde eyesigh sterility And
0) Chronic respiratory diseases 10, Crude oil ffroom a
Kosasthalaiyar refinery has
river (north of
Aetest
() Laung cancer
biodiverse Ennore reek
(Gi) Cardiovascular diseases and coma
(iv) Damage to nerves, brain, liver, kidneys, ete
(where
birds come) And the Bay of many mig he
caused polluion, List what all Che
bengal, nns,
3. How are the animals affecded by air
pollution ? impacded and how? haveThie kis
could
&ns Animals that feed on polluted grass and Ang Possible impacts could indude,
plants
may suffer arsenic poisoning, while lead poisoning 6) Marine Lifes Death of
can cause bronchitis and loss of appetite in pets.
4. What is the effed of oil spills on disruption
of marine orarisns,
migratory birds.ecosy stems, and harm
marine life ?
Ans Oil spills in seawater contaminate and lead to the (61) Water Quality: Contamination
death of marine organisms, Marine mammals like bodies, affecting drinking water sources nd
whales, dolphins, seals, and sea otters can be aquatic habitats,
particularly affected. (6) Eeosystem
5, What causes waterborne diseases ?
waterborn diseases, Nane two biodíversity, lossDisruption
of the food chain.
Damage
of habitats, and
disruptiom
Ans Waterborne diseases are caused by (iy) Economic Impact: Harm to fisheries, tourism,
pathogens like and local economies
bacteria, viruses, and protozoapresent
contaminated water, Two in sewage marine environment. relying on a healtty
waterborne diseases are
cholera and typhoid. IIL, Structured Questions
6. In what way does soil
beings ? pollution affect húman 1. (a) State briefly how is noise
Soil pollution affects hurmans by: to human health. pollution detrimental
0) Transmitting, diseases through contamínated Ans Noise pollution has ill effects not
fruits and vegetables. human beings but also on the only on the
(61) Introducing radioisotopes into the food chain, Human Health environment.
causing abnormalities, ) Efect on hearing or Deafness
Gii) Polluting the soil and crops when
animal and exposure to noise levels above 100Continuous
dB has an
humanexcreta are used as Adverse effect on hearing ability within a
7. A landfill was recdaimed and manure. fairly short time, Many workers who are
groomon it instead of crops orsturdy plants were
fruit trees. Why? exposed to the noise of jet aireraft or very
Ang To prevent soil erosion and stabilize the noisy workshops for even moderate periods
reclaimed
area, sturdy plants are preferred due to their soon develop detectable hearing defects.
root systems that hold the soil together deep (1) Bfect on Communication : External sounds
B. Give the impact of radiations on the can interfere with conversation and use of
Ans
human body. the telephone, as well as the enjoyment of
Radiations impact living organisms, causing radio and television programmes.
harmful changes at the cellular and genetic levels.
Impacts incdude genetic varlations (i) Repeated interference with sleep Diferent
seen in people have different depths of sleep and they
offspring, and short-term exposures leading
diseases 1ike cancer, sterility, and defectiveto can adjust to natural sounds. However, noisy
eyesight, conditions near residential areas at night
9, Why are nucdear radiations more causes dificulties in sleeping.
other forms of pollution ? dangerous than (iv) Mental or Physiological Effects t Many people
Ane Radiations impact living organisms, complaln that nolse makes them mentally il,
harnful changes at the cellular and geneticcausing
leveln,
Experiments have been performed to attempt
to confirm or disprove these claims, Doctors
 Geography-LX 201
'sLCSE.
Arundeep
sretists have noOw medically confirmed increases as we move up the food chain.
aN disturbsthe biological organisms
their respective functions, Ans

Eitectson Physical health and Psychological Tertiary

problems Noise has litle physical effect on 138 ppm
Consumers

performane provided that the

the ielogical
is below about 90 dB. Damage to
may rsult if continuous noise 2.07 ppm Secondary
the ànner ear about 100 dB and can lead to Consumers
evelsexc
physical illness. Psychiatrists and 0.23 ppm Primary
Svhlogists have in reent researches made Consumers
relation
hservations that noise has certain
tension
with phvsical health causìng speech 0.04 ppm
nesulting in problems such as
Producers

interference, annoyance, tatigue, sleep

inteterene and emotional distress. The numbers are representative values of the
booms concentration of DDT and its derivatives in the tissues
Efects on Environment : The noise (in parts per million ppm)
CUSE cracks in national and archaeological
monuments Very high levels of noise are the Biomagnification
cause of cracks in hìlls. High intensity
explosions can break glass panes and Bìomagnification means increasing the
vibrations in the buildings. concentration of various toxic substances along
of
the food chain. Toxic substances at the level
9 How does air pollution affect human beings ? primary producers get concentrated at each
ns Air pollution has short-term and long-term trophic level as they move up the food chain.
ettects on human health: The phenomenon of concentrated toxic
deposition at the higher trophic level is known
0 Short-term effects include irritation in the as bioaccumulation.
eyes nose, and throat, respiratory infections
ike bronchitis and pneumonia, as well as For example, if there are traces of toxic
chemicals in water, then their concentration in
symptoms like headaches, nausea, vomiting,
dizziness, convulsions, and allergic reactions. algae will be much higher. When fish eat the
algae, the concentration of toxins will increase
Long-term effects encompass chronic further. Therefore, accumulation of a small
cancer,
respiratory dise ases, lung amount of toxic chemicals in water can have
cardiovascular diseases leading to coma, and
damage to the nerves, brain, liver, kidneys, a serious impact on the fish that live in it.
etc. 2. (a) State any two effects each of soil pollution on
human beings and environment.
o Explain how the accumulation of nutrients and
chemicals in the water prove fatal for the Ans Effects on Human Beings:
marine organismns. () Consumption of contaminated fruits and
as Accumulation of nutrients and chemicals in vegetables can transmit pathogenic bacteria,
viruses, and intestinal worms, causing
Water is fatal for marine organisms as it leads various diseases in humans.
to the excessive growth of phytoplankton and
gae. This rapid growth reduces the (i) Radioactive fallout on vegetation introduces
Penetration of oxygen, light, and heat into the radioisotopes into the food chain through
Water. The resulting deerease in oxygen levels grazing animals, leading to abnormalities and
and light availability causes the death of most health issues,
organisms, leading to the depletion of oxygen Effects on the Environment:
in the water.
() Nitrogenous fertilizers result in toxic
With the help of awell labelled diagram explain concentrations of nitrate and nitrite in leaves,
Ow the accumulation of toxic substances impacting plant health.
 202
Arundeep's L.C.S.E. Geography.-1X
(i) Land and soil pollution contribute to the loss (0) High-level nuclear
of fertility and productivity, degrading the wastes
environment for centuries
overall health of the soil.
b) Name three common air pollutants and
(ii) Accidents related to p e r
vessels, nuclear
sist in Ihe
satel itreeas,ctors,etc., ucposlear.
their powered
effects on human health. additional
environment. radioactive
Ans

Pollutants Eifects on Human Health IV. Thinking Skills

threats \o he
) Carbon monoxide Damages lungs, 1. The apparent lack of
weaknes
bones, reduces the oxygen pollution seems to concern for
be the the
carrying capacity of blood implementing plansto prevent reason efforects of
and damages heart. this statement with examples. pollution.
( Sulphur dioxide
Obstructs breathing, causes
irritation of eyes and throat.
Ans There are several
reasons
for the effects of for the lack of .Justify
Suspended Causes Asthma, irritation of
pollution,
failure of implementing plans towhich leads cotoncertnhe
Particulate Matter
(as soot, smoke)
eyes and cancer. are a few examples: prevent it. Hers
)
(iv) Oxides of Nitrogen Ignorance
are
or lack of
awareness: Many peonl
Cause acute respiratory
(nitric oxide, nitro-infections,
simply unaware of the harmful
gen dioxide and resistance bronchitis, lowers pollution on the environment andeffects of

nitrous oxide)
to influenza. health. They may not realize human
actions contribute to pollution andthat their
(c) What are see the need for change. may not
pathogens ?
human body ? Name any How do they enter (i)
three diseases caused Economic interests: Some industries
by these pathogens. prioritize profits over
Ans Pathogens are environmental
protection, and may resist efforts to reduce
bacteria, viruses,disease-causing organisms like pollution would hurt their bottom
if it
and protozoa. For example, ine.
They enter the human body coal-fired
resist installing expensive power plants may
through
contaminated drinking water, especially pollution
equipment if it reduces their profits. control
in
sewage-contaminated
Three
water. (üi) Lack of political will:
Governments may not
diseases caused by these pathogens are prioritize environmental protection if they
cholera, typhoid, and don't see it as a
(d) State with examples thedysentery. of priority for their constituents
or if there are competing
on the human beings andeffects radiations may also be influenced priorities. Politicians
Ans Exampie of Radioactive environment.
by
industries and lobbies thatpowerful resist
) The Chernobyl
Accident: environmental regulation.
accident in 1986 in Ukraine, (iv) Short-term thinking: People and businesses
where a reactor exploded, leading to a may focus on short-term gains
massive steam explosion. This disaster caused rather than
acute radiation sickness, deaths, and long-term consequences. For example, a
factory may increase production to meet
significant environmental damage. immediate demand, without considering the
Effects of Radiations on Human Health: long-term impacts of increased pollution.
6) Genetic Variations: Damage by radiations can Overall, the lack of concern for the effects of
be seen in offspring, pollution can be attributed to a variety of
generations. affecting multiple factors. It is important to raise awareness
(ii) Somatic Variations: about the harmful effects of pollution and to
cause organ damage,Short-term exposures can
leading to diseases like
prioritize environmental protection in
breast cancer, thyroid cancer, lung cancer, policymaking.
2. Which is the most visible affect of pollution on
brain cancer, sterility, and defective eyesight. human beings in your city ?What are the causes
Effects of Radiations on the Environment: and possible remedies ?
(i) Radiations from radioactive materials and Ans The most visible effect of pollution on human
waste disposal cause pollution and beings in cities is respiratory problems such as
environmental damage. coughing, wheezing, asthma, and lung cancer.
 QuestionsLong 2 Sort
3. Ouestions The
Give WhatMentionExplain 6 6 a E eCONcentratior etissions
ede rFehsmbel dies as
nat
any is encouraged vehicular To
Additionally temperzture her adds especially
the Lack WeatConstruction Delhi,harvesting Crop
Vehicular ndustríal
Northern Panting NZSte vehicular
auses
to casAres nde LpCSE s
is address Encoura gng
P
toromoing ut
she En co uraging otter
the two the any how pollutants of to which burming ofIndia
nplementing of
effect effect two d:
winconditions: the more reduce human this
effectsenviíronmental emissions,
to
emissions:
inemissionsc their smog
release is the pollution s
effects strict
this inversion, alrezdy
dust Delní, enveloped
of people
trees and
of of take issue, from The Farmers in
rops, environmertal
polutants usereduce
activities
long-term oflead of
enáorcáng
water personal regio n polluted The which large Northern toclezt of Geography-X
and air of regulations
increzsing dispersing Durí n g The relesing
Northerm in
and adopt
public
pollution cosld
pollution mezsures alsowhich construction amounits
conitributes number the increating
in energy fhat
polution?suiphur
pollution. smog eo-Áriendly stríicier
exposure responsibility traps th e air India he transportaion, be
could green suchexperíences neigiboring
India large pollution sotes contribute
in
vehicolar
ís
CHAPTER
TEST winter of of duríng in gent
to dioxáde the pollutants hs the tegila cities
be as activity, vehicles to
pollutants aounés
contaminate reflection cover, ¥t such incudeemisions,
on enforced
bypromoting low months, a stzies the manth spaces practices to
pollution on high astions vekices,
electric at
humar reducing and of mont of to
of
wind cdose the which fh e ináo wind on polution
to speeds to
concenraisn smokePuniab of
November increase such
soil? health? careless
promoting fhe temperature is soads fhe of industries
and to indostrial
cur b use fhe particlaty Noveber 25
their at and 1eyding, shar
crop of duringgrond has and
waste carbon public íncreased poltarts Li st he bicydes
iwteaon
ofHaryasa esiss,
burnáng, deaner tis drops, hógh industries, indude fhe mont eisions
contsßheis
management. footprint
transpottaionfuels, fime leading in
sÑgniicay into o casses bnóng,
and of cities, f
reducing fhe hebs
for y
individuals yeat, to peially it
Marks
each 2 the ceztes aop the f
Marks
each] 3 cold in and bool
indstrial wich formion et in ame
dust, sede fs,
could be prevens
taken wich yeas, s e
f ad
be nd a e he