ADVANTAGES OF USING WALLPAPER could print 400 rolls a day

1. Wide selection of patterns & colors 1879, gravure printing, also known as Intaglio, was
2. Wallpaper is easy to clean. Most of today’s invented by Karl Keitsch in Austria.
wallpapers are coated so that they wipe clean
from common household marks. 1888, Ferdinand Sichel developed the first ready-to-
3. Wallpaper can hide blemishes in the wall’s use wallpaper paste.
plaster far better than a coat of paint.
4. More durable than some paints, which fade over 1890 Flexographic (printing surface made of rubber)
repeated scrubbings. is invented in England

Wallpaper, using the printmaking technique of EXAMPLES OF WALLPAPER

woodcut gained popularity in Renaissance Europe
amongst the emerging gentry (14th-17th century) Washables Embossed gold leaf

The social elite continued to hang large tapestries on

the walls of their homes, as they had in the Middle
Ages. These tapestries added color to the room as
well as providing an insulating layer between the
stone walls and the room, thus retaining heat in the
room.

TAPESTRIES
However, tapestries were
extremely expensive and so
only the very rich could afford Relief Wallpaper
them. Less well-off members of Ingrain Paper- consists of two
the elite, unable to buy layers of paper with wood
tapestries due either to prices fiber in between; Ingrain
or wars preventing Paper- invented by German
international trade, turned to pharmacist Hugo Erfurt in
wallpaper to brighten up their 1864
rooms.
Lincrusta- Roseland Cottage
(Bowen Cottage) invented in
HISTORY OF WALLPAPER 1877 by Frederick Walton
made from a paste of gelled
200 B.C. linseed oil and wood flour
Wallpaper actually began in ancient China, first spread onto a paper base. It
because the Chinese invented paper, and secondly is then rolled between steel
because they glued rice paper onto their walls rollers, one of which has a
pattern embossed upon it.
12TH Century – papermaking spread throughout
Europe, 1675 Jean-Michel Papillon, a French
engraver and considered the inventor of wallpaper, Lincrusta with byzantine pattern
started making block designs in matching,
continuous patterns, and wallpaper as we know it
today.
1739 Wallpaper came to America in when Plunket
Fleeson began printing wallpaper in Philadelphia.
1785 Frenchmen, Christophe-Philippe Oberkampf
invented the first machine for printing wallpaper in Anaglypta- first washable
Frenchmen, Nicholas Louis Robert invented a way wallpaper
to make an endless roll of wallpaper around the Originally made on a linen
same time. backing, it was however, quite
rigid. Because of this, an
1800s, French scenic papers printed with hand- employee called Thomas John
carved blocks, some taking as many as 5,000 Palmer invented a similar product
blocks to produce, were popular. which, being made from wood
pulp and cotton, was lighter and
1839 English invented a four color surface printing more flexible. This was tobecome Anaglypta (from
machine with designs hand-cut on cylinders that the Greek words 'Ana' (meaning raised) and 'Glypta'
(meaning Cameo)

FAKES AND FANTASIES WALLPAPER

Fake Fabric Hessian

SCENIC PAPERS

Flock Moire Panel Picture Panorama

Photomural
Fake Leather

HARD FINISH LOOK

Foil Wood Grain PRODUCTION

Rotogravure Printing Woodblock

Marble

Laying Out of Patterns

NATURAL MATERIALS

Cork Wood Veneer

Combining pattern coordinates

Grass
M4 WALLCOVERINGS, WALLPAPER Adhesive must be applied according to the
instructions on the label. This adhesive is usually
Wallpaper is essentially a pattern product, a applied to the wall and not the paper. It is suitable for
flattened form seen in two dimensions. Papers are kitchens and bathrooms because of its steam and
available that suit the character, size and shape of water resistance.
any room.

1. Washables 4. Relief - has a raised texture that you can feel.

Can almost be described as cheap vinyl. It can be a. Ingrain Papers.- recognized under the name
washed or gently scrubbed but not with abrasives Woodchip. These are papers which contains
Care must be taken over the soaking time as the small chips of wood. It comes in varying degrees
backing expands quicker than the front layer causing of coarseness and is normally used to hide
wrinkling. Under-soaking will cause bubbles to form defects in walls and ceilings but is quite suitable
which may be difficult to remove. Over-soaking will for any decorating purpose. It is usually painted
cause the paper to stretch and then shrink when it when dry and can be a cheap and effective way
dries showing up all the joints. Comes in matte, to give any room a facelift. It can even be
glossy surface finishes. Harder to remove than applied outside for a different effect.
standard papers because it is usually hung with a
paste containing anti-fungicide due to its impervious b. Anaglypta and Lincrusta - trade names for wall
surface. coverings whose patterns and textures are
formed entirely by surface embossing to various
Vinyl - use adhesive which does not contain water, It depths or reliefs.
is butt joint as vinyl does not stick to itself. It usually
has an obvious sheen. Light tints area affected by Anaglypta- made from heavy white paper backs
fumes born such things like cigarettes or gas fires with another layer of ordinary wood pulp and
because they react with the PVC coaling and dis- embossed while damp so pronounced relief
colors it. It is easy to ship. patterns remain when hung. It is normally
painted over. It comes in a standard range of
a. True Vinyl- this kind has a fabric substrate patterns such as bubbles, squares, swirls etc.
laminated with a solid vinyl decorative surface. It
comes in a variety of weights. The decorative Lincrusta - more rigid material made from a solid
layer is printed on the coating. It is generally paper backing, coated with putty-like mixture of
considered more “breathable” wallpaper which linseed oil and tiller. It is a low-relief material that
makes it best for use in low moisture rooms, like is pressed while still soft into patterns and
living areas. textures and other effects resembling tiles and
wood paneling.
b. Vinyl Coated - is the most common type of
wallpaper, made of paper but with a protective c. Embossed - are papers that have relief pattern
coat of vinyl (either acrylic or PVC) that makes it which are often colored and gold/silver leafed.
ideal for kitchens, bathrooms or wherever kids or
pets might brush against a wall, since they have
better resistance to grease and moisture than 5. Fakes and Fantasies
plain paper. It is printed with special inks or dyes
which fuse with the surface. Vinyl coated Wallcoverings made from and made to look like
wallpaper is usually classified as scrubbable and many materials other than paper.
shippable.
a. Fake Fabric - a favorite.
b. Frock - one of the oldest forms of wallpaper. It is
2. Ready-pasted or pre-pasted the type of wallpaper (usually ornate and
considered old fashioned which includes a
It is designed’ for the do-it-yourself market in mind. raised pattern in felt, fiber, powdered silk or wool
Backed with an adhesive coaling and supplied with a which looks and feels like the alternate raise and
plastic trough. This must be soaked in water flat pile pattern of velvet Either hand-made by
immediately before hanging to activate the paste. dusting or blowing minute particles of wood, silk
These are more expensive than standard papers or synthetic fibers onto an adhesive backing.
and are easy to peel off. c. Hessian - clean textured, Scandinavian look
d. Linen-look papers
e. Moire - Paper is subtly shaded to look like
3. Unpasted watered silk or taffeta.
f. Fake Leathers - suedes and some very
The majority of wallcoverings are unpasted. sophisticated reptile skin effects.
 coated with a round color first before
6. Hard Finish looks overprinting.

a. Foil Papers - has a thin metal coating and is b. Surface Printing - accounts for the largest
highly reflective. Sonic people call it by the volume of printed papers. Originally used were
brand name “Mylar, it can be difficult to work wooden rollers. It is now done with engraved
with because it throws imperfections in the wall metal rollers.
surface and because it can get wrinkled easily.
The silver, reflective surface and the patterns on c. Rotogravure Printing- uses copper coated steel
many foil wallpapers can be strikingly rollers, photographically engraved to produce
contemporary. The gold or silver reflective finish rotogravure patterns. This pattern is cut into the
is made by applying sprayed polyester for a roller by incised process. Depth of each incision
paper backing, and produced in many wide determines the value of the color. Each roller
ranges, with the foil being overprinted with carries just one color, but can print varying
design. shades of that color. This type creates a
b. Wood Grain papers – photographically prints to technically consistent, flat machined-look and
resemble a variety of wood types. feel.
c. Marble Papers - same process as wood-grain
papers. Sometimes handmade so that d. Silk-Screen Printing - purely mechanized or
individuality of color and minimal pattern puts partly by hand. It was originally meant as a
them in a completely different class. substitute to the painstaking method of Block
Printing. Designs are applied by individual
screens. It utilizes one screen for each color in
7. Natural Materials the design. Color squeezed or brushed through
the cut-out portion of the screen onto the
a. Cork - tiny granules or slim strips of cork applied wallpaper.
to paper-backing materials. These are thicker
because they have a surface of cork. They make e. Wood Block - each motif in a repeat is imprinted
for a cozy, dark and woodsy effect and can often by hand-pressing a separate wooden block
be seen in family rooms or offices. engraved with a portion of a pattern in the
proper position. A wooden frame the full size of
b. Wood Veneer - fine films of wood veneer, slivers a pattern repeat is made for each color of the
of wood woven together with cotton and applied pattern.
to a paper backing.

c. Grass cloth/burlap - one of the most expensive

and exclusive of these types. Dried grass is
woven together before being stuck to a paper
backing. Extremely fragile and difficult to dean,
but is easy to work with because they stay stiff
while pasting on a wall, It requires felt-covered
roller rather than a brush for hanging. They
shouldn’t be used in high- traffic areas or where
there’s high humidity, because they may not
wear as well as other type since edges can lift
and curl They are also easily stain.

8. Scenic Papers
a. Panel Picture
b. Panorama
c. Photomural ci. Repetitive

II. METHODS OF DESIGN PRODUCTION

a. Machine - cheapest types are called ‘pulps’

because the design is printed directly onto the
raw paper, the color of which forms part of the
pattern, Makes them difficult to hang because of
their thinness (tends to over stretched when wet)
and uneven shrinking. Better quality papers are