aN’ The Skeletal System f pregn ve A Hora hl ®& y You can move your body the way you want. You can jump, kick a ball, stand straight and sit easily, How do you do all these activities? What gives support and flexibility to your body? Touch and feel the different parts of your body, You will feel that some parts are hard, whereas some are soft parts are bones while the soft ones are muscles. the body work along with muscles. (The bones give definite shape and support to our body while the musel move our bones, ) Yor a Ruundions hy . ¢ The hard The bones in help us toLet us know more about them. we Our skeleton (We have 206 bones in our body. These bones join together and form a framework? This framework of bones is called skeleton)(The bones of the skeleton are joined in a fixed manner and form the skeletal system.) Yasha Goons She stdabed supfern 2 a Major bones of the body (The major bones of the body are the bones of limbs (arms and legs), chest bone, skull, jawbones and backbone) Td cm the myer bus ch bob The bones of limbs COur arms and legs are called limbs.) (forelimbs: The arms are called forelimbs. Each 4 forelimb has three bones.(The upper arm has one The skeletal system bone called humerus}(The lower arm has two bones called radius and ulna. Shoulder bone These three bones together form the elbow joint. Radius ulna cas (Th Wrist ( The upper end of humerus pores Elbow join is connected to the shoulder fs paces = jones bone.) The lower ends of 1“ radius and ulna are connected pe Wrist jones ‘i to the wrist. The wrist and ‘a hands are made up of many cs small bones. The forelimb bones joined with shoulder bone and wrist bones +=I@>-—Hindlimbs: The legs are called hindlimbs. They also have three bones each(Femur is the thigh bone. It is the longest bone in the body) the lower leg has two bones called tibia or shin bone and fibula or calf bone, These three bones together form the knee joir ‘The upper end of femur is connected to the hip bone, while the lower ends of tibia and fibula are connected to the Hip bone — —— Femur (Thigh bone) -— Knee joint — Tibia (Shin bone) — Fibula (Calf bone) E hindlimbs bones joined with hip bones and ankle and toes ankle. The ankle and toes also have many small bone J Functions of limb bones (The bones of forelimbs help in grasping the objects, while that of hindlimbs help in the movement of body) (locomotion). Chest bone he chest bone or the breastbone is the sternum) It is a long flat bone located in the middle of the ches It connects the ribs and forms the front part (The ribeage of an enclosure called ribeage) encloses and protects the heart and lungs, —_Chest bone pear anc ne earnis made up of 22 bones.) : top dome-shaped part of the as | skull is called eranium,)It is made up _ | pe ofcranium | "eo! | are Tooked Together like a jigsaw, veri puzzle. (The facial region is made of ieee fourteen bones including jawbones. (Mancibie) The skull has eyes, nose, ears and Human skull mouth fi it. Functions of skull (The skull protects the brain, gives _ Shape to the face, protects the eyes, the tongue and inner ears.) Guise Yu fumaiong Jaw bones of The shalt There are two jawbone: —upper_and lower, which make the jaws. which make_ @ The upper jawbone is called maxilla. It bears the The lower jawbone is called mandible. It bears _ the teeth of lower jaw thal qru tly Jum dofien jaws Functions of jaw bones — | ‘Ae Jawbones support the mouth, hold the teeth | and help in chewing the foods Grase Ane Gundionof the | Backbone or vertebral column iy baw, Ree eee gt uur backbone is not straight. It is S-shaped anda» I Hi reson be-like structure which js made up of 33 small, S48 tairexon ring-like bones called vertebrag Xsing. vertebra). aa oe Aras? cure) doble hs ca Verdebrae cl. Neck region Chest region Belly region0 —Saaeee ————— reed tah} dn furichicm. of Muscles of respiratory and digestive organs work without our will) and without our thinking about them, They work even while We are aslecy The heart muscles work continuously and tirelessly throughout the life Obie dhe anblone of Td. 2. * ices bones, muscles and joints healthy Regular exercise and a balanced diet are necessary for healthy muscles and bones.) Whe bape Reed wate bore \ ‘od items such as milk, cheese, beans, whole gram, cereals, meat = green leafy vegetables, seafood, nuts, ragi, bajra, ete. are rich i calcium, phosphorus and | fluorine>They keep the bones strong Milk, fish, eges, cod-liver oil and sunlight help our body to make yitamin DVitamin D helps in absorbing calcium from blood and leads to healthy growth of bones. ‘5 @ Pulses, meat, fish, eggs, nut, butter, soybean, etc. are rich source of protein(So they are good for the healthy growth of muscles. thd Awe 4 Soa make ous ae Exercise "Regular exercise keeps all the body joints flexible and makes muscles Strong. Strong bones and muscles allow us to play, swim and wor without getting tired. Outdoor games, aerobics, skipping, running, ¢Y swimming, walking, dancing and yoga are good exercises for bo’ healthy joints and strong muscles. +<@ fH cling