Cyber Security/Crime
BANKERS INSTITUTE OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT, KOLKATA
Importance of Cyber Security
.
Banking Options
Cyber Crimes
Cyber crime
What is Cyber Crime?
Criminal Activity
Using Computers & Internet
Break laws & cause harm
“Criminal activity perpetrated using computers and the internet”
Cyber crime
What are the features of Cyber Crime?
• Unlawful act
• Computer is used
- as a tool or
- a target or
- both
• Tool – Computer is used
• Target – Attacked to steal information/ other assets
Conventional Crime vs Cyber crime
No great differences
Only difference is the medium through which crime is
committed
Knives and weapons vs port scanners, viruses, and worm to
gain access
Against groups or individuals
Intention is embezzlement of money or something of value
Physical presence of criminal at the site of crime is not must
What are Cyber Crime Threats
Damage to reputation and morale
Theft of identifiable information
IP theft including theft of data
Service disruption
Financial loss
Regulatory risks
Cost of investigation and damage control
Motives and Reasons for Cyber Crime
Greed
Power
Publicity
Revenge
Adventure
Desire to access forbidden information
Destructive mind set
Aspects of Technology that make Cyber Crime an
Easier Option
Storage of Large Amount of Data in Comparatively Small
Spaces
Easy accessibility to data
Lapses in operating system
Negligence of human beings
Lack of physical evidence
Types of Cyber Criminals
Traditional criminals
Fraudsters and thieves
Hackers and computer tress passers, password hackers
Malicious code writers and distributors
Music, movie and software pirates
Harassers and extortionists
Stalkers, pedophiles and other cyber sex offenders
Academic cheats
Organised criminals including ethnic based gangs
Corporate, government and free lance spies
Cyber terrorists
How Cyber Criminals Work
Very professional and organized
Not spontaneous – ground work necessary
Coders
Kids
Drops
Mobs
Classification of Cyber Crimes
1. Cyber crimes against individuals
2. Cyber crimes against property
3. Cyber crimes against government
4. Cyber crimes against society
Crime against Individual
• E-mail Spoofing
A spoofing mail is the formation of email messages by impersonating
correspondent identity.
It shows its origin to be different from which actually it originates.
• E-mail Spamming
Spam is a message also called as junk mail; send with a web link or
business proposal.
Clicking on this link or replying to commercial offer send to a phishing
website or set up a malware in your workstation.
Crime against Individual
Cyber Defamation
Act of imputing any individual with intention to lower the person in the
estimation of the right-thinking members of society generally or to cause
him to be ignored or sidestepped or to rendering him to hate, disrespect or
ridicule.
Cyber Stalking
stalking is "pursuing stealthily”
following a person's movements across the Internet by posting messages
(sometimes threatening) on the bulletin boards frequented by the victim,
entering the chat-rooms visited by the victim, continually attacking the
victim with emails, etc.
Crime against Property
• Credit Card Frauds
Online fraud and cheating are most money-spinning trades that are rising
nowadays in the cyber space.
• Intellectual Property Crimes
Any illegal act due to which, the owner is deprived entirely or partly of his
human rights is a crime.
Very common form of IPR abuse - software piracy, copyright infringement,
trademark and service mark violation, theft of computer source code, etc.
Crime against Property
• Internet Time Theft
Internet time theft comes under hacking.
It is the use by an unofficial individual, of the Internet hours paid for by
another individual.
Crime against Organisation
• Unauthorized Access
This is generally denoted to as ‘Hacking’.
• Denial of Service Attack
Denial-of-Service referred the act by which a user of any website
or service denied to use the service or website.
Offenders aim the web server of the websites and flow a large
number of requests to that server
Maximum bandwidth of the website gets used, and it goes slow
down or not available for some times.
Crime against Organisation
• Virus Attack
A computer virus is a type of malware that, when executed,
replicates by implanting the replicas of itself (probably
altered) into other computer programs, data files or the boot
sector of the hard drive
• Email Bombing
In email bombing, a user sending vast numbers of email to
target address and due to this that email address or mail
server crashed.
• Salami Attack
when minor attacks make up a major attack which becomes
untraceable because of its nature. It is also called as Salami
Slicing.
Crime against Organisation
• Logic Bomb
A piece of code intentionally inserted into a software system that will
initiate mischievous features under definite conditions
• Trojan Horse
Non-self-duplicating kind of malware program comprising malicious
code that, when implemented, carries out actions determined by the
nature of the Trojan, usually causing damage or stealing of data, and
likely system damage.
• Data Diddling
Data Diddling is illegal modifying of data. When an individual enters
some data to his system and output is different from input then he
may victim of data diddling. It is done by a virus program that changes
the entered data.
Crime against Society
• Forgery
When a perpetrator alters documents saved in electronic form, the
crime committed may be forgery.
• Cyber Terrorism
To distinguish between cyber terrorism and cybercrime. Both are
criminal acts.
(1) Putting the public or any section of the public in fear; or
(2) Affecting adversely the harmony between different religious,
racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities; or
(3) Coercing or overawing the government established by law; or
(4) Endangering the sovereignty and integrity of the nation
Crime against Society
• Web Jacking
The word ‘Web Jacking’ comes from Hijacking. In this type of cyber-
crime, the cybercriminals hacks the control of a website. They may
able to change the content of that website. They use that website as
owner and the real owner of website has no more control on the
website. Sometime attackers ask for ransom to the owner of the
website.
Types of Cyber Crimes
• Financial Crime
• Fraud and cheating
• Information theft
• Cyber extortion
• Drug trafficking
• Weapons and illegal goods/activities
• Harassment
• Cyber stalking
• Dissemination of obscene or offensive content
• Defamation
Types of Cyber Crimes
• Cyber terrorism
• Cyber warfare
• Denial of service
• Intellectual property theft
• Computer vandalism
Techniques of Cyber Crimes
• Dumpster diving – Treasure in trash
• Wire tapping – penetrate telecom networks
• Eavesdropping on emanations – pick up data from signals
• Denial of service – load a computer with numerous requests
• Phishing / Masquerading – use a mail message to look like a real site
• Data attacks -
• Unauthorised copying of data
• Trap doors
• Traffic analysis
• Harassment
• Software piracy
• Session hijacking
Risk Management
• Process of identifying critical information assets, assessing
the risks, threats and vulnerabilities that these assets face,
estimating the impact of these risks and launching
countermeasures
• Countermeasures:-
• Accepting the risk
• Transferring the risk
• Avoiding the risk
• Applying control
Security Controls
• Specify, design, implement, operate and maintain security controls
• Security Managemnent Framework – ISO/IEC 27002
What the control “does”
• Preventive controls
• Detective controls
• Corrective controls
What the control “is”
• Physical controls
• Technical controls
• Administrative controls
Preventive Controls
• Physical Controls - Backup files, security guards, fences, badge
systems, double door systems, locks and keys, fire extinguishers
• Technical controls - Access control software, antivirus software,
passwords, smart cards
• Administrative controls - security awareness and technical
training, Separation of duties, supervision of duties
Detective Controls
• Physical Controls – CCTVs
• Technical controls- Intrusion detection systems
• Administrative controls – Review of security trails of a
system administrator
Corrective Controls
• Physical Controls – CCTVs
• Technical controls- all systems loaded with anti virus
software systems
• Administrative controls – action on security audit findings
Other Controls
• Deterrent control – security guard with gun, barbed wire
fencing, policy containing punishments
• Recovery controls – Disaster recovery plan, Backups for
systems
• Compensating controls – when normal controls fail -
Review of log report, review of activities of administrator
• Directive controls – mandatory
• Cryptography
• Encryption
Thanks
