@CEFR_TESTING Asilbek Rashidov

Part 1
Read the text. Fill in each gap with ONE word. You must use a word which is
somewhere in the rest of the text.
Want to sleep under the sea? The company Planet Ocean has plans for an exciting
underwater hotel, which they hope to build in locations all over the world. The
(Q1) ______________won‘t be large, with only 12 guest rooms, plus a restaurant.
Guests will get to the hotel in a lift – so no diving or getting wet! The hotel will
float 10 metres deep under the (Q2)________________ , although it will be
attached to the sea bed to prevent it from moving too far. Because it won‘t be very
(Q3) _________________under the water, the sun will shine down and
provide light. (Q4) ___________________will get great close-up views of the fish
and other sea creatures, which won‘t be bothered by the hotel and so won‘t make
any effort to avoid it. The hotel won‘t be cheap to build, and it won‘t be (Q5)
to stay in. But the designers are especially proud of the fact that it will be
environmentally friendly. It will use electricity, of course, but it will produce its
own, and won‘t disturb ocean life at all. In fact, the (Q6)_____________________
hope some sea creatures will build their homes on parts of the building,
which will bring real benefits to the underwater world.27
Part 2
Read the texts 7-14 and the statements A-J. Decide which situation described in
the statements matches with texts. Each statement can be used ONCE only.
There are TWO extra statements which you do not need to use.
A. You want to take your children with you to a short walk and have something
outside.
B. You want to go a walk in the city sightseeing palces and ready to spend the
whole day
C. You want challenging walk and enjoy panoramic scenery from high
D. You want to visit a popular and peace place, you want to take something home
E. You enjoy walking outside the city and entertain your children during the day
F. You want to take small walks and entertain your children, and you want an
apartment for a night.
G. You are interested in ancient sightseeing and you want to spend time with your
children
in the open air
H. You want to walk in the nature and want to have tours.
I. You want to walk less than two hours and visit old houses and enjoy scenery.
J. You have walking experience and you like wild views and want prefer to eat
food in the village28
@CEFR_TESTING Asilbek Rashidov
Q7 Lime House and Country Park The house attracts thousands of visitors, but
this is a pleasant walk (for the fit!) away from the crowds, through parkland,
woods and up onto the hills. Popular with birdwatchers. Allow three hours. The
house was built in 1570. Cardens closed to the public; information centre, cafe and
souvenir shop open daily.
Q8 Devonshire Park Take a really enjoyable walk in the countryside surrounding
the park. Allow at least half a day, or make it a full day by visiting the adventure
playground and farmyard (both great for young children). Stop at the cafe (open all
day) or enjoy the fantastic gardens, with beautiful fountains. Guided walks
available for small groups.
Q9 Hope Village A leisurely way to spend an hour or two is by visiting the busy
village of Hope with its lovely old cottages, traditional pubs and country gardens.
A gentle walk towards the hills will soon bring you to superb views.
Q10 Cornford This is an easy walk through a little-known valley beside clear
streams with woodland flowers, birds and animals. See the 200- year-old buildings
from the cloth-making industry which now stand empty. Private tours can be
arranged. Allow half a day for the walk
Q11 Howden Lake This two-hour walk attracts thousands of visitors. When the
water is low, you can see a village which was flooded 300 years ago. Quiet cafe
with beautiful views. Children can go sailing and windsurfing on the lake with
trained instructors.
Q12 Stanton This walk is definitely for very fit walkers only - the tracks get very
slippery after rain. Allow six hours and start early! You‘re unlikely to meet another
person all day. Fantastic views of farmland in the valleys below. Be sure to pack
sandwiches - you‘ll be up on the hilltops all day.
Q13 Strines You need to be used to walking to successfully complete this
seven-hour walk through the wildest scenery in the area. Follow a little-known
footpath to the highest point for miles. The traditional pub down in the village
serves hot food from 12.00 daily.
Q14 Langsett After a steep climb, this is an exciting walk along easy paths, which
are crowded at weekends (people come from all over Britain to climb Langsett).
The views are dramatic, and it‘s a popular place for family picnics. Guided walks
start from the nearby village (10 am Sundays) and visit 800-yearold woodland and
ruins dating back two thousand years.29

Part 3
Read the text and choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of
headings below. There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use
all of them. You cannot use any heading more than once. Mark your answers on
the answer sheet.
Questions 15-20
The reading passage has six paragraphs, A-F. Choose the correct heading for
paragraphs B-F from the list of headings below.
@CEFR_TESTING Asilbek Rashidov
15. Expenses
16. Ways of behavior
17. Nightlife
18. Favorite food
19. Place to stay in
20. Eating out

A. Norway is first of all a land for those who love nature. The breathtaking fjords
in the southwest of the country and Europe's largest glacier are Norway's most
attractive places, but there are many other reasons to visit this country in the north
of Europe. There are wonderful opportunities to enjoy skiing, fishing and rock-
climbing. Others can take pleasure in the charm of the Norwegian countryside,
with its countless valleys, high mountain lakes and unbelievable views.
B. Many tourists coming to Norway in the summer prefer to stay in a cottage used
by northern Norwegian fishermen during the winter codfishing season. Equipped
with all the necessary facilities, these cottages are leased to holidaymakers,
providing an attractive form of accommodation. They will often be actually over
the water. Catching your own fish and cooking it on the fire will add a few
pleasant moments to your holiday.
C. Norway has a long history of fishing, although much of the high-quality
shellfish andother species caught off the coast are exported. However, fish remains
a common dish,along with meat, potatoes and other root vegetables, although
tastes have changed inrecent years to involve a wider international choice,
including pizzas and burgers. Themost popular traditional hot snack is a form of
sausage, sold at numerous outlets.30
D. Traditionally entertainment in the country is largely home-based, but this has
been changing in recent years. Most Norwegians tend to go out only on Fridays
and Saturdays, the rest of the week being fairly quiet. This is in no small part due
to the high prices of food and drink, and the fact that the working day starts early.
And at weekends, it is normal for Norwegians to enjoy drinks at home before
leaving it as late as 11p.m.
E. Restaurants tend to be concentrated in city centers, while in recent years the pub
culture has been gradually arriving in Norway. Cities are nowadays well supplied
with a wide choice of bars, many of which offer food that has a lower price
compared to the restaurants. Most villages of any size have at least one cafe or
restaurant where it is possible to drink and eat out.
F. Norwegians are generally sincere and polite, though communication doesn't
often come easy it is usually up to you to break the ice and establish contact. They
can be very direct and rarely say 'please', which may seem rude, but it's due to the
fact that the Norwegian language rarely uses the word. On the other hand, they say
'thank you' for almost everything. They also tend to address people by their first
name even on many formal occasions.
G. Norway is an expensive country. As labor is costly here, anything that can be
seen as a 'service' will generally be more expensive than you expect. Transport
@CEFR_TESTING Asilbek Rashidov
costs can also be a killer, because the country is large and distances are long. But
there is one good point: Norway has a high quality of tap water. So buying bottled
drinking water is usually unnecessary and this will save your budget.31
Part 4
Read the following text for questions 21-29.
In March, Seales — along with Silicon Valley investors Nat Friedman (instigator
and sponsor), Daniel Gross (sponsor) and JP Posma (project lead) — began
leading a global competition to read the charred scrolls after he demonstrated an AI
program can successfully extract letters and symbols from X- ray images of the
unrolled papyri. As part of the Vesuvius Challenge, Seales' team released its
software and thousands of 3D X-ray images of two rolled-up scrolls and three
papyrus fragments. The two unopened scrolls, belonging to the Institut de France
in Paris, are among hundreds unearthed in the 1750s when excavations at
the buried villa revealed an extravagant library of Epicurean philosophical text.
They are believed to have belonged to a Roman statesman — possibly Lucius
Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus, the father-in- law of Julius Caesar.
Even after being in the ground for 1,700 years, the carbonized papyri did not decay.
Rather, they were entombed in the solid volcanic flow of mud, dirt, water and
gasses, then desiccated by the heat, carbonized and preserved.
The hope was, and still is, that $1 million in prizes would encourage global
researchers and scholars to build upon the AI technology and accelerate the
decoding. Teams that enter the challenge are competing for a grand prize of
$700,000 — awarded to the first to read four passages of text from the inner layers
of the scrolls by the end of 2023. Progress prizes include $50,000 for accurately
detecting ink on the papyri from the 3D X-ray scans.
"What the challenge allowed us to do was to enlist more than a thousand research
teams to work on a problem that would normally have about five people working
on it," Seales explained. "The competitive science aspect of this project is just
fascinating." Now, six months since the competition began, contestants Farritor
and Nader have virtually unwrapped many layers of papyrus from within
(including the one shown) by building upon Seales' software. Farritor (first place)
and Nader (second place) separately developed machine learning methods to reveal
the ink within X-ray CT scans of the scroll — resulting in the same
findings. "I was walking around at night and randomly checked my most recent
code outputs on my phone," Farritor said. "I didn't expect any substantial results,
so when half a dozen letters appeared on my screen, I was completely overjoyed.
" Nader is continuing to build upon his models and has already discovered more
lines of text, which is currently being reviewed by papyrologists. "I hope the
revealed text will show just how fascinating and complex ancient civilizations
were," he said. "In learning more about them, we can also learn more about how
we can make our world better. " For their findings, Farritor and Nader have been
given the "First Letters Prize," which awards $40,000 to the first person or team to
find more than 10 letters in a continuous region of the scroll and $10,000 to the
second. You can learn more about the award criteria here.
@CEFR_TESTING Asilbek Rashidov
"Our goal was to engage a global audience in an exciting, scientific competition
that would create acceleration and advancement to the point where we are now,"
Posma said. "The competition continues, but today, we have achieved a major
milestone. We'll learn a lot from this: what techniques work best, do we need to
adjust how we do segmentation, etc.
" The competition's results are impressive. But it's also important to take a look
back — to understand how this discovery came to be over the course of two
decades. "We also acknowledge the many years of work that it has taken and the
technological advances that have been applied to the problem of reading this
material," Seales said. "With humility, we acknowledge the non-linear — and
often unpredictable — outcomes of research, which is rarely expected, and not
ever guaranteed, to lead directly to success.
21. Who are the primary leaders behind the global competition to decipher
the charred scrolls?
A) Seales and Farritor
B) Nat Friedman and Daniel Gross
C) Seales, Nat Friedman, Daniel Gross, and JP Posma
D) Farritor and Nader
22. What is the grand prize amount for deciphering four passages of text from
the inner layers of the scrolls by the end of 2023?
A) $1 million
B) $700,000
C) $50,000
D) $40,00033
23. According to the passage, what condition preserved the carbonized papyri
for 1,700 years?
A) Direct exposure to air and sunlight
B) Being entombed in volcanic flow and heat
C) Submersion in water and mud
D) Burial in a controlled environment
24. What has been Farritor and Nader's achievement in the competition?
A) Development of the software
B) Discovery of more lines of text
C) Receiving the grand prize
D) Building upon Seales' models

TRUE/FALSE/NI Questions:
25. Contestants Farritor and Nader both used machine learning methods to
unveil the ink within X-ray CT scans.
A) TRUE B) FALSE C) NO INFORMATION
26. The "First Letters Prize" rewards $10,000 to the first person or team that
identifies more than 10 letters in a continuous region of the scroll.
A) TRUE B) FALSE C) NO INFORMATION
@CEFR_TESTING Asilbek Rashidov
27. Posma stated that the competition has reached its intended goal.
A) TRUE B) FALSE C) NO INFORMATION
28. Seales claims that the outcomes of research are often predictable and lead
directly to success.
A) TRUE B) FALSE C) NO INFORMATION
29. According to the passage, Farritor and Nader's findings have been
recognized with the "First Letters Prize."
A) TRUE B) FALSE C) NO INFORMATION34
Part 5
Read the following text for questions 30-35.
Learning Color Words
A. In the course of the first few years of their lives, children who are brought up in
Englishspeaking homes successfully master the use of hundreds of words. Words
for objects, actions, emotions, and many other aspects of the physical world
quickly become part of their infant repertoire. For some reason, however, when it
comes to learning color words, the same children perform very badly. At the age of
four months, babies can distinguish between basic color categories. Vet it turns out
they do this in much the same way as blind children. "Blue" and "yellow" appear in
older children's expressive language in answer to questions such as "What color is
this?", but their mapping of objects to individual colors is haphazard and
interchangeable. If shown a blue cup and asked about its color, typical twoyear-
olds seem as likely to come up with "red" as "blue." Even after hundreds of
training trials, children as old as four may still end up being unable to accurately
sort objects by color.
В. In an effort to work out why this is, cognitive scientists at Stanford University
in California hypothesized that children's incompetence at color-word learning
may be directly linked to the way these words are used in English. While word
order for color adjectives varies, they are used overwhelmingly in pre-nominal
position (e.g. "blue cup"); in other words, the adjective comes before the noun it is
describing. This is in contrast to post nominal position (e.g. "The cup is blue")
where the adjective comes after the noun. It seems that the difficulty children have
may not be caused by any unique property of color, or indeed, of the world.
Rather, it may simply come down to the challenge of having to make predictions
from color words to the objects they refer to, instead of being able to make
predictions from the world of objects to the color words. To illustrate, the word
"chair" has a meaning that applies to the somewhat varied set of entities in the
world that people use for sitting on. Chairs have features, such as arms and legs
and backs, that are combined to some degree in a systematic way; they turn up in a
range of chairs of different shapes, sizes, and ages. It could be said that
children learn to narrow down the set of cues that make up a chair and in this way
they learn the concept associated with that word. On the other hand, color words
tend to be unique and not bound to other specific co-occurring features; there is
nothing systematic about color words to help cue their meaning. In the speech that
adults direct at children, color adjectives occur pre-nominally ("blue cup")
@CEFR_TESTING Asilbek Rashidov
around70 percent of the time. This suggests that most of what children hear from
adults will, in fact, be unhelpful in learning what color words refer to.35
C. To explore this idea further, the research team recruited 41 English children
aged between 23 and 29 months and carried out a three- phase experiment. It
consisted of a pretest, followed by training in the use of color words, and finally a
post-test that was identical to the pre-test. The preand post-test materials comprised
six objects that were novel to the children. There were three examples of each
object in each of three colors—red, yellow, and blue. The objects
were presented on trays, and in both tests, the children were asked to pick out
objects in response to requests in which the color word was either a prenominal
("Which is the red one?") or a post-nominal ("Which one is red?"). In the training,
the children were introduced to a "magic bucket" containing five sets of items
familiar to 26- month-olds (ballj, cups, crayons, glasses, and toy bears) in each of
the three colors. The training was set up so that half the children were presented
with the items one by one and heard them labeled with color
words used pre-nominally ("This is a red crayon"), while the other half were
introduced to the same items described with a post-nominal color word ("This
crayon is red"). After the training, the children repeated the selection task on the
unknown items in the post-test. To assess the quality of children's understanding of
the color words, and the effect of each type of training, correct choices on items
that were consistent across the pre- and post-tests severe used to measure children's
color knowledge.
D. Individual analysis of pre- and post-test data, which confirmed parental
vocabulary reports, showed the children had at least some knowledge of the three
colour words: they averaged two out of three correct choices in response to both
pre- and post-nominal question types, which, it has been pointed out, is better than
chance. When children's responses to the question types were assessed
independently, performance was at its most consistent when children were both
trained and tested on post-nominal adjectives, and worst when trained on
pre-nominal adjectives and tested on post-nominal adjectives. Only children who
had been trained with post- nominal color-word presentation and then tested with
post-nominal question types were significantly more accurate than chance.
Comparing the pre- and post-test scores across each condition revealed a
significant decline in performance when children were both pre- and post-tested
with questions that placed the color words pre-nominally. As predicted, when
children are exposed to color adjectives in post-nominal position, they learn
them rapidly (after just five training trials per color); when they are presented with
them pre nominally, as English overwhelmingly tends to do, children show signs
of learning.36

Questions 30-33.
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
The Hypothesis
@CEFR_TESTING Asilbek Rashidov
Children learn many words quite quickly, but their ability to learn colour words
takes longer than expected. In fact, despite 30 ________________many four-year-
olds still struggle to arrange objects into colour categories. Scientists have
hypothesised that this is due to the 31 _________________of the adjectives in a
phrase or sentence and the challenges this presents. While objects consist of a
number of 32 _________________that can be used to recognise other similar objects,
the 33 ________________________of a colour cannot be developed using the same
approach.
Questions 34-35.
Choose TWO letters, A-E
Which TWO of the following statements about the experiment are true?
A. The children were unfamiliar with the objects used in the pre- and post-test. В.
The children had to place the pre- and post-test objects onto coloured trays.
C. The training was conducted by dividing the children into two groups.
D. Pre-nominal questions were used less frequently than post-nominal questions in
the training.
E. The researchers were looking for inconsistencies in children‘s knowledge of
word order.
Which TWO of the following outcomes are reported in the passage?
A. Average results contradicted parental assessment of children's knowledge.
В. Children who were post-tested using post-nominal adjectives performed well,
regardless of the type of training.
C. Greatest levels of improvement were achieved by children who were trained and
posttested using post-nominal adjectives.
D. Some children performed less well in the post-test than in the pre-test.
E. Some children were unable to accurately name any of the colours in the pre- and
posttests.

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