Administrative Code of 1987.
Administrative code-Compose of laws and regulations that governs the executive branch
of the government. It is intended for the effectiveness of governance which composed of
unified document the major structural, functional and procedural principles and rules of
governance;
Administrative law-embraces all the law that controls, or is intended to control, the
administrative operations of government. It interferes private rights for the promotion of
general welfare.
Sources of administrative law-where the law was originate or derived. It includes the
following:
1. 1987 constitution
2. Statute
3. Executive order
4. Judicial decisions
5. Decisions promulgated by administrative agency
6. Implementing rules and regulation of such agency or body.
Administrative agency-
BOOK 1: SOVEREIGNTY AND GENERAL ADMINISTRATION
CHAPTER: NATIONAL TERRITORY
SECTION 3. What Comprises National Territory. —The national territory comprises the
Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all other
territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its
terrestrial, fluvial, and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil,
the insular shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters around, between, and
connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form
part of the internal waters of the Philippines.
1987 constitution article I
National territory of the Philippines
1. Philippine archipelago
2. All islands and waters embraced in such archipelago
3. All other territories over which the Philippine has sovereignty or jurisdiction,
Consisting of:
a. Terrestrial
b. Fluvial
c. Aerial domains (xpn: outer space)
Including its
a. Territorial sea
b. Seabed
c. Subsoil
d. Insular shelves
e. Other submarine areas
4. The waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of
their breath and dimensions form part of the internal waters of the Philippines.
Archipelagic Doctrine-Internal waters.
The waters around between and connecting the Islands of the archipelago regardless of their
breadth and dimensions form part of the internal waters of the Philippines.
TERRITORIAL SUBDIVISION OF THE PHILIPPINES
SECTION 4. Territorial Subdivision of the Philippines.—the territorial and political
subdivisions of the Philippines are the autonomous regions, provinces, sub provinces, cities,
municipalities and barangays.
Territorial and Political subdivisions
a. Autonomous regions (BARMM, CAR)
b. Provinces
c. Sub-provinces-political and administrative division that functions under a larger
province.
Example:
1. Apayao-sub Kalinga-Apayao
2. Kalinga-sub Kalinga-Apayao
3. Aurora-sub province of Quezon
d. Cities
e. Municipalities
f. Barangays
Territorial subdivisions-Geographic and physical boundaries. To define the land area and
geographic limits of a region, province, city, municipality, or barangay. To define the land
area and geographic limits of a region, province, city, municipality, or barangay.
Political subdivision-Governance and administrative authority.
Example: Provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays are considered political
subdivisions because they have elected officials, administrative powers, and local
governments that exercise political authority.
Example: The Province of Cebu is a political subdivision because it has a governor and a
provincial board that exercise political authority within the province.
A territorial subdivision becomes a political subdivision when it is granted the power to
govern, create policies, and manage resources through elected or appointed officials.
CHAPTER 2 PEOPLE
SECTION 5. Who are Citizens— the following are the citizens of the Philippines:
(1) Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of the Constitution;
(2) Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
(3) Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship
upon reaching the age of majority;
(4) Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.
Citizens of the Philippines
1. Citizens during the adoption of the constitution
2. Fathers or Mothers are citizens of the Philippines
3. Those born before January, 17, 1973 of Filipino mothers, who elect the Philippine
citizenship upon reaching the age of majority.
4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.
The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines was adopted on February 2, 1987 through a
national plebiscite where the Filipino people ratified it. It officially took effect on February 11,
1987 when it was published in national newspapers.
Jus Sanguinis and Jus Sole-
Jus Sanguinis-Right of blood or citizenship by blood
Jus Soli-Right of soil or citizenship by birth.
Age of majority is 18 years old in the Philippines. The person must elect Philippine
Citizenship before reaching the age of 18 years old.
Naturalization law in the Philippines
CA 473 Revised naturalization law-Enacted on June 17, 1939, this is the primary law
governing the process of judicial naturalization in the Philippines.
Requisites:
1. Must be at least 21 years old at the time of filing.
2. Must have resided continuously in the Philippines for at least 10 years (this may be
reduced to 5 years if the applicant has certain qualifications, such as being married to a
Filipino citizen).
3. Must have good moral character and belief in the principles of the Philippine
Constitution.
4. Must own real estate in the Philippines or have a known and lawful occupation.
5. Must be able to speak and write in any of the Philippine languages or English or
Spanish.
6. Must have enrolled any minor children of school age in a Philippine-recognized
educational institution where Philippine history and civics are taught.
CA 63 Lost and reacquisition of citizenship-This law details how Philippine citizenship
may be lost or reacquired.
Citizenship may be lost through:
a. Naturalization in a foreign country.
b. Express renunciation of Philippine citizenship.
Citizenship may be reacquired through:
a. Direct act of Congress.
b. Naturalization process.
c. Repatriation (commonly used by former natural-born Filipinos who lost their
citizenship).
Republic Act No. 9225 (Citizenship Retention and Reacquisition Act of 2003) - Also
known as the Dual Citizenship Law, this act allows natural-born Filipinos who became
citizens of another country to retain or reacquire Philippine citizenship. This is significant for
overseas Filipinos who wish to enjoy rights as Philippine citizens while maintaining their
foreign nationality.
Administrative Naturalization Law of 2000 (Republic Act No. 9139) - This law
provides a simplified process for foreign nationals born in the Philippines who have resided
in the country since birth and meet specific criteria. Designed for aliens who have
integrated into Filipino society but were unable to acquire citizenship through standard
procedures.
Philippine Constitution (1987) - Article IV (Citizenship)-This constitutional provision
outlines the primary methods of acquiring citizenship in the Philippines:
1. By birth (Jus Sanguinis principle).
2. By naturalization (following the legal procedures established by law).
