KNEE
OSTEOARTHRITIS
Presented By : Azril Syahzwan Bin Azma Syhihan
DPH04220004
OVERVIEW
Introduction Definition Causes
Signs and Symptoms Grading Investigations
Management Physiotherapy
INTRODUCTION TO KNEE
OSTEOARTHRITIS
Prevalence of Knee Osteoarthritis: Knee osteoarthritis
affects a significant portion of the aging population,
influencing mobility and quality of life.
Significance in Physiotherapy: Effective physiotherapy
interventions are essential for managing symptoms
and enhancing functional abilities in patients.
Clinical Understanding Importance: A thorough
comprehension of knee osteoarthritis informs
treatment decisions and improves patient-centered
care strategies
DEFINITION OF KNEE
OSTEOARTHRITIS
Definition of Knee Osteoarthritis: Knee
osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint
disease leading to cartilage breakdown, affecting
mobility.
Chronic Nature: The condition often persists over
time, aggravating pain and functional limitations
through progressive changes
Progression Factors: Various factors, such as age,
obesity, and joint injury, can exacerbate the
progression of knee osteoarthritis.
CAUSES OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Age as a Factor: Increasing age significantly contributes to the risk and progression
1 of knee osteoarthritis due to cumulative wear.
Obesity's Impact: Excess body weight increases stress on knee joints, accelerating
2 degenerative changes and symptom severity in osteoarthritis.
Biomechanical Influences: Poor alignment and joint mechanics heighten
3 susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis, facilitating tissue damage over time.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Joint Pain: Pain around the knee joint often
fluctuates, impacting daily activities and overall
physical function.
Stiffness and Swelling: Patients report morning
stiffness and evening swelling, reflecting
inflammation and joint irritation from osteoarthritis.
Decreased Range of Motion: Loss of flexibility
severely restricts joint movement, complicating
rehabilitation efforts and enhancing disability risk.
GRADING OF KNEE
OSTEOARTHRITIS
Kellgren-Lawrence Scale: This scale
classifies osteoarthritis severity from
grade 0 (no evidence) to grade 4 (severe
damage).
Radiographic Evaluation: Grades are
determined by assessing joint space
narrowing, osteophyte formation, and
subchondral sclerosis in X-rays.
Other Grading Systems: Additional systems
like the OARSI criteria further stratify
osteoarthritis severity based on clinical
and imaging data.
INVESTIGATIONS FOR 8
DIAGNOSIS
Clinical Examination: Physical assessments identify
symptomatic knee osteoarthritis through pain
evaluation, joint stability testing, and functional range
metrics.
Imaging Techniques: X-rays and MRIs provide detailed
visualization of osteoarthritis-related changes, aiding in
accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
Laboratory Tests: These tests rule out other conditions by
assessing inflammatory markers and joint fluid
composition, ensuring accurate diagnosis.
MANAGEMENT BY DOCTORS
Pharmacological Treatments: Nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids
effectively manage pain and reduce inflammation in
osteoarthritis.
Injections Therapy: Hyaluronic acid injections can
enhance lubrication in the joint, offering symptomatic
relief for knee osteoarthritis patients.
Surgical Options: Arthroscopy and total knee
replacement surgery represent invasive approaches
that address severe osteoarthritis conditions when
conservative treatments fail
PHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT
Exercise Therapy: Structured exercise programs
enhance joint function and reduce pain,
promoting physical activity for osteoarthritis
patients.
Manual Therapy: Hands-on techniques improve
joint mobility and alleviate pain, facilitating
better movement patterns in patients.
Education on Joint Protection: Educating patients
about joint protection strategies empowers them
to manage symptoms and optimize daily
activities.
ASSESSMENT
ASSESSMENT
ASSESSMENT
THANK YOU
REFERENT
Cleveland Clinic. (2021, August 9). Osteoarthritis of the Knee: Symptoms,
Causes and Treatments. Cleveland Clinic.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21750-osteoarthritis-kne
Physiopedia. (2014). Knee Osteoarthritis. Physiopedia.
https://www.physio-pedia.com/Knee_Osteoarthritis
Watts, E., & Karadsheh, M. (2018). Knee Osteoarthritis - Recon -
Orthobullets. Orthobullets.com.
https://www.orthobullets.com/recon/12287/knee-osteoarthritis
