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Lesson 1 Keytakeways

The document defines politics as the art and science of governance, rooted in the social nature of humans, and traces the historical evolution of political systems from family bands to modern states. Political science is described as a social science that studies government, political behavior, and state principles, emphasizing its importance in understanding governance and preparing citizens for responsible participation. It outlines various structural processes and approaches within political science, including executive, legislative, and judicial processes, as well as historical, comparative, inductive, deductive, and observational methods.

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15 views1 page

Lesson 1 Keytakeways

The document defines politics as the art and science of governance, rooted in the social nature of humans, and traces the historical evolution of political systems from family bands to modern states. Political science is described as a social science that studies government, political behavior, and state principles, emphasizing its importance in understanding governance and preparing citizens for responsible participation. It outlines various structural processes and approaches within political science, including executive, legislative, and judicial processes, as well as historical, comparative, inductive, deductive, and observational methods.

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Lesson 1: Definition of Politics and Political Science

Key Takeaways:

1. Definition of Politics:
o Derived from the Greek word Polis (city or state).
o Aristotle called humans "political animals" due to their social nature and moral reasoning.
2. Politics as Art or Science:
o Politics is both the art and science of governance, aiming to preserve peace, safety,
prosperity, and protect citizens’ rights.
3. Historical Development of Political Systems:
o Early societies began as family bands, evolving into tribes or villages with chiefs, leading to
the modern state with organized systems of laws.
4. Political Science:
o The study of the state, government, and political relationships.
o Not a pure science, but a social science connected to philosophy, economics, law, and
history.
o Focuses on human freedom, governance, political behavior, and state principles.

Purpose and Importance of Political Science:

1. Knowledge-Based: Provides understanding of government systems, political theory, law, and


administration.
2. Competence-Based: Teaches citizens the principles of state governance for the common good.
3. Skill-Based: Prepares students for careers in law, government, politics, and promotes responsible
citizenship.

Structural Processes of Political Science:

1. Executive Process: Manages state functions, with the Chief Executive overseeing laws and staffing.
2. Legislative Process: Focuses on law-making, ensuring the state's survival and foreign relations.
3. Legal and Judicial Process: Interprets and administers laws, with the judiciary, especially the
Supreme Court, playing a key role.

Approaches to Political Science:

1. Historical Approach: Uses history to interpret current political events.


2. Comparative Approach: Compares political systems and their impacts across different regions.
3. Inductive Approach: Draws generalizations from observed political phenomena.
4. Deductive Approach: Develops conclusions from general premises to understand political events.
5. Observation Approach: Observes political environments to study changes in political systems and
processes, leading to shifts in institutions.

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