Things to consider when planning pms

a. Availability of personnel
b. Availability of ship
c. Material requirements
d. Related activities (opportunity maintenance)
LUBRICATION OIL SYSTEM
a. CIRCULATORY OIL SYSTEM – 2 circulatory oil pumps, Engine gap filter
( Coarse), centrifugal oil filter, engine oil heat exchanger, engine oil by-pas
filters. Oil from the system cools the piston assemble and the connecting rods and
supply the crank drive and valve control gear oil system pump with oil under
pressure

b. CRANK DRIVE OIL SYSTEM – system pump, engine gap filter. Oil from the system
lubricates the crank shaft, the governor and then to the engine oil control
pressure switch.

c. VALVE CONTROL GEAR OIL SYSTEM – system pump, oil distributor and banjo plug
with strainer. Oil from the system goes to the cam and rocker assembly and then
through to the Banjo plug to lubricate the lower turbo charger bearing. A third
part goes to the oil distributor which is driven by the camshaft to lubricate the
upper turbo charger bearing.
LUBE OIL SYSTEM
The oil distributor is fitted at the KGS end of the engine and driven by the
camshaft and supplies metred amount of lube oil to the upper turbocharger bearing.
Oil is supplied under pressure as the oil distributor from the valve control gear
oil system.
FUNCTIONAL TEST OF THE GOVERNER
The objective of the test is to ascertain whether governor opens and closes and
whether it shuts down when the respective shut-down equipment is used.
a. Prior to the engine being put in initial service
b. After the engine or the governor has been worked up
c. After an extended out-of-service period
REF CYCLE
Refrigeration : the artificial withdrawal of heat from a substance or within a
space, a temperature lower than the surrounding
Air conditionaing: the simultaneous control of temperature, humidity, cleanliness
and Air motion within a space
Direct system
Low temperature low pressure through the condenser and out as high temperature high
pressure at the hottest point. Out throught the conderser where it ejects heat to
become a saturated state where liquid and vapour co-exist. The process of
decreasing the temperature in liquid form the condenser is the sub cooling. The
through the filter drier which absorbs any moisture in the ref system and then
through the metering device where is a pressure drops, it drops form high pressure
high temperature liquid ref to a low pressure low temperature flash gas of mainly
liquid, in the evaporated side it absorves heat and turn to varpour. Super heat is
the temperature increase in vapour form as in the evaporator coil.
Sub cooling needed so that complete liquid goes to the metering device to promote
efficiency of pressure drop at the metering device.
Super heating needed so that complete vapour would go to the compressor.
Superheat occurs in the evaporator to protect the compressor and sub cooling occurs
in the condenser to protect the expansion device.
Advantages of direct system
a. Suitable and effective for creating low temperatures.
Disadvantages of direct system
a. More amount of refrigerant is required for charging. As refrigerant is
circulating through ship, there is more chances of refrigerants leaks.
Indirect System
In this type a secondary refrigerant is cooled by the primary refrigerant in a
chiller and then the secondary refrigerant is circulated through coils of the Air
Transfer Unit in which heat transfer takes place.
Primary Refrigerants eg Ammonia, CO2, Freon
Secondary refrigerants eg water, brine, ice
Advantages
a. Less amount of refrigerant is required for charging
b. Leaks can be detected easily because system pipes are inside the compartment
only.
c. Suitable for creating A/C effect (because of inability to create low
temperature.)
Disadvantages
a. It is less effective compared to direct system
b. The presence of brine can cause corrosion
Laws of refrigeration (SLTPH)
a. All liquids while evaporating take heat from their surroundings.
b. Any vapour can be condensed back to liquid if it is suitably compressed and
cooled
c. The temperature at which any liquid evaporate or boil away directly depends
on the pressure to which it is subjected.
d. Heat travels from higher temp towards lower temp.
Uses of A/C Onboard
a. Airconditioning of mess deck
b. Sick bay A/C
c. Air conditioning of machinery control room and operation room. For better
operation of equipements
d. Air conditioning of magazine and missile hangers
Uses of Refrigeratoion onboard
a. To maintain cold room temperature ( -4oc to -12 oc) where meat, mutton, chken
and fish are stored.
b. To maintain cool room temperature (0oc to 4oc) where fruit and vegetables are
stored.
c. To preserve medicine
d. To make ice for domestic and medical purposes
Types of Ref/Air
a. Vapour compression refrigeration plant ( mechanical) industries
b. Steam jet refrigeration plant
c. Vapour absorption refrigeration plant (domestic).
d. Thermal electric refrigeration plant
e. Air refrigeration plant
Exhaust Gas Colouring
Exhaust gas colouring with proper combustion light grey
BLACK SMOKE
a. POOR COMBUSTION
AIR
b. Air filter clogged
c. Intercooler clogged
d. Charged air pressure too low
e. Leaky air feed system
FUEL
f. Excessive fuel injection (engine overloaded)
g. Unit injectors defective
h. In correct injection timings
i. In correct governor setting
EXHAUST
j. Excessive exhaust gas back pressure
k. Valves not closing
l. Burner defective
m. Exhaust piping contaminated
BLUE EXHAUST GAS
a. OIL LEVEL IN ENGINE TOO HIGH
b. Oil scrapper ring or compression rings defective
c. High wear rate on cylinder linners
d. Too much oil in oil bath air filter
e. Oil distributor delivers too much oil
f. Oil return form lower turbocharger bearing not in good other.
WHITE EXHAUST
a. FUEL NOT IGNITED
b. Unit injectors defective
c. Engine under cooled
d. Water in air spaces of intercooler
e. Water in cylinder space
f. Water in fuel
Water in Oil (Contaminaiton)
a. Oil heat exchanger leaking
b. Cylinder liner leaking/cracked
c. Cylinder head leaking/cracked
d. Crankcase leaking/cracked
OIL PRESSURE TOO LOW
a. Oil level in sump too low
b. Oil diluted by fuel (Dilution)
c. Oil pump drive or pump defective
d. Oil filters contaminated
e. Pressure line in oil system defective
Engine stops by itself only on 2 conditions
a. Low lube oil pressure
b. Over speeding(overloading)
DAMAGE CONTROL
Damage control is any procedure, precaution and all other actions taken to prevent,
reduce and correct damage to a ship to keep her floating.
Aims of organization
a. Efficient use of manpower
b. To give complete coverage to the whole ship to effect emergency repairs,
control damage fight fire etc. with maax speed and efficiency.
SHORING
Shoring is anything use to strengthen or support weakened structural members such
as decks, bulkheads, ruptured decks or spring watertight fittinngs and to build up
temporary deck and bulkhead against the sea.
Types
a. Square shoring
b. Vertical shoring
c. V shoring
Leak stopping devices in DC lockers
a. Soft wooden plugs
b. Stopper plates
c. Splinter box
d. Fondu cement
e. Leak stopping plates
f. Shores
Requirement for effective shoring
a. It must have a strong and rigid anchorage
b. it must be reasonable complete network of reinforcement
c. As much distributions of load over a large area as possible.
General rules for shoring
a. Shoring should never be cut in anticipation
b. Shores should never be placed before actual damage
c. Always use wedges in pairs
d. Always secure shores using dogs/staples
e. Shores should never exceed thirty times it maximum width or diameter.
Governor mounted at HKS end and driven by crankshaft through idler gearwheel. Its
purpose is to hold constant the set engine speed
Priming Pump: its purpose is to establish the required oil pressure in the crank
drive oil system prior to starting the engine. The pump draws oil from the sump and
forces it through the fine fliters into the crank drive, engine governor and engine
pressure control switch.
KSS60
KS – Power Transmission for ship
S – separately installed not flanged to engine
60 – max load 60000 HP