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Web development(3151606)

A Laboratory Manual for

Web Development
(3151606)

B.E. Semester 5
(Information Technology)

Institute logo

Directorate of Technical Education, Gandhinagar,

Gujarat
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Government Engineering College, Modasa

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr./Ms. Dangi meet nikunjbhai

Enrollment No. 210280116026
of B.E. Semester 5th Information
Technology of this Institute (GTU Code: 016) has satisfactorily completed
the Practical / Tutorial work for the subject Web Development
(3151606) for the academic year 2023-24.

Place:
Date:

Name and Sign of Faculty member

Head of the Department

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Preface

Main motto of any laboratory/practical/field work is for enhancing required skills as well
as creating ability amongst students to solve real time problem by developing relevant
competencies in psychomotor domain. By keeping in view, GTU has designed competency
focused outcome-based curriculum for engineering degree programs where sufficient
weightage is given to practical work. It shows importance of enhancement of skills
amongst the students and it pays attention to utilize every second of time allotted for
practical amongst students, instructors and faculty members to achieve relevant outcomes
by performing the experiments rather than having merely study type experiments. It is
must for effective implementation of competency focused outcome-based curriculum that
every practical is keenly designed to serve as a tool to develop and enhance relevant
competency required by the various industry among every student. These psychomotor
skills are very difficult to develop through traditional chalk and board content delivery
method in the classroom. Accordingly, this lab manual is designed to focus on the industry
defined relevant outcomes, rather than old practice of conducting practical to prove
concept and theory.

By using this lab manual students can go through the relevant theory and procedure in
advance before the actual performance which creates an interest and students can have
basic idea prior to performance. This in turn enhances pre-determined outcomes amongst
students. Each experiment in this manual begins with competency, industry relevant
skills, course outcomes as well as practical outcomes (objectives). The students will also
achieve safety and necessary precautions to be taken while performing practical.

This manual also provides guidelines to faculty members to facilitate student centric lab
activities through each experiment by arranging and managing necessary resources in
order that the students follow the procedures with required safety and necessary
precautions to achieve the outcomes. It also gives an idea that how students will be
assessed by providing rubrics.

In the era of digitization, the demand of Internet based applications is increasing day by
day. Web Development is one of the required skills for IT Engineer. This focuses on front-
end and back-end design. After learning Web Development students can advance their
career in the field of web development.

Utmost care has been taken while preparing this lab manual however always there is
chances of improvement. Therefore, we welcome constructive suggestions for
improvement and removal of errors if any.
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Practical – Course Outcome matrix

Course Outcomes (COs):

CO-1: Understand the concepts of WWW, HTTP protocol and client-server
architecture.
CO-2: Learn and apply various HTML tags to build the user-friendly web pages.
CO-3: Explore the new features of CSS to define and apply CSS rules in the web
pages for rich User Interface.
CO-4: Create interactive web pages to improve the user experience using client-
side scripting with JavaScript.
CO-5: Design and develop fully functional dynamic web applications using the
concepts of PHP, MySQL,
CO-6: Learn and apply advanced asynchronous web communication mechanisms
like REST API, AJAX and JQuery for building highly interactive webpages.

Sr. CO CO CO CO CO CO
Objective(s) of Experiment
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Draw and explain architecture of the web browser.
1. List and explain various HTML request and √
response
headers.
Create your resume using HTML (Suggested
sections of resume are Personal Information,
2. Educational Information, Professional Skills, √
Experience, Achievements, Hobbies), Experiment
with text, colors, link and lists.
Create your class time table using table tag,
3. experiment with rowspan, colspan, cellspacing and √
cellpadding attributes.
Design static web pages for your college containing
a description of the courses, departments, faculties,
4. √
library etc. Provide links for navigation among
pages.
Create User Registration Form in HTML (Suggested
to use fields like Name, Date of Birth, Gender, Email
5. Id, Mobile No.,Address, State , Education , Image √
Upload etc) using textbox, textarea, checkbox, radio
button, select box, button, file upload etc.
Create two web pages, one contains audios and
other page contains videos (using HTML5 audio
6 √
and video tags). Also provide link for navigation
between pages.
Create a web page using frame. Divide the page into
7. two parts with Navigation links on left hand side of √
page (width=20%) and content page on right hand
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side of page (width = 80%). On clicking the

navigation Links corresponding content must be
shown on the right-hand side.
Design a web page of your home town with an
8. attractive background color, text color, an Image, √
font etc. (use internal CSS).
Use Inline CSS to format your resume that you
9. √
created in practical no 02.
Use External, Internal, Inline CSS to format
10. Information Technology Department Web Pages √
that you created in Practical No.04

11. Develop a java script to display today’s date. √

Develop simple calculator for addition, subtraction,

12. multiplication and division operation using java √
script.
Write a java script code to combine and display the
information in textbox when the button is clicked √
13.
use registration page that you created in Practical
No.5.

Use JavaScript to Implement validation in Practical √

14.
No.5.

Write a PHP program to check if number is prime

15. √
or not.
Use Registration Form from practical number 5 to
store user registration details in MySql database.
16. On submission next page displays all registration √
data in in html table using php. Also provide
feature to
update and delete the registration data.
Write a PHP script for user authentication using
17. √
PHP-MYSQL. Use session for storing username.
Using AJAX Create visual search feature to search
18. using name for practical number 16 which list √
name, mobile number and email id of matching
users.
19. Create a REST API using php. √

20. Create an Image slider using jQuery. √

21 Cookie Example √
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Industry Relevant Skills

The following industry relevant competency are expected to be developed in the

student by undertaking the practical work of this laboratory.
1. HTML/CSS Skills : HTML is used extensively by web developers to build web
pages. CSS is used to implement different fonts, colors and layouts in the design
of a website.
2. Javascript Skills : Java Script is used for creating interactive web pages to
improve the user experience.
3. PHP/MySql Skills : PHP/MySql is used extensively by web developers to create
fully functional dynamic web applications.
4. REST API,AJAX,JQuery Skills : REST API, AJAX, JQuery are advanced
asynchronous web communication mechanisms and used by web developers for
building highly interactive webpages.
Guidelines for Faculty members
1. Teacher should provide the guideline with demonstration of practical to the
students with all features.
2. Teacher shall explain basic concepts/theory related to the experiment to
the students before starting of each practical
3. Involve all the students in performance of each experiment.
4. Teacher is expected to share the skills and competencies to be developed in the
students and ensure that the respective skills and competencies are developed
in the students after the completion of the experimentation.
5. Teachers should give opportunity to students for hands-on experience after the
demonstration.
6. Teacher may provide additional knowledge and skills to the students even
though not covered in the manual but are expected from the students by
concerned industry.
7. Give practical assignment and assess the performance of students based on task
assigned to check whether it is as per the instructions or not.
8. Teacher is expected to refer complete curriculum of the course and follow the
guidelines for implementation.

Instructions for Students

1. Students have to write answers / solutions of QUIZ in separate file page. The
quiz of corresponding practical must be attached just behind each practical.
2. Students are expected to carefully listen to all the theory classes delivered by the
faculty members and understand the COs, content of the course, teaching and
examination scheme, skill set to be developed etc.
3. Students shall organize the work in the group and make record of all observations.
4. Students shall develop maintenance skill as expected by industries.
5. Student shall attempt to develop related hand-on skills and build confidence.
6. Student shall develop the habits of evolving more ideas, innovations, skills etc. apart
from those included in scope of manual.
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7. Student shall refer technical magazines and data books.

8. Student should develop a habit of submitting the experimentation work as per the
schedule and s/he should be well prepared for the same.
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Sample Rubrics for Practical Evaluation

Understanding of Implementation of Presentation and report Total

Problem Problem writing (10
(3 marks) (4 marks) (3 marks) marks)

Excellent Moderate level Problem not

understanding of understanding of understood and
problem and 03 problem and 02 can't establish 01
Understanding
relevance with relevance with the relation with
of Problem
the theory clearly the theory clearly the theory.
understood. understood.
Efficient Moderate level of Partial
implementation implementation. implementation 01
Implementation with proper 04 Poor naming 03 with poor to
of Problem naming convention. understanding. 02
convention and
understanding
Unique Ordinary Weak
documentation documentation of documentation 01
(not copied from 03 given problem 02 of given problem to
Presentation
other sources) of with proper without proper 02
and report
given problem formatting and formatting and
writing
with proper language language
formatting and
language.
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Index
(Progressive Assessment
Sheet)

Sr. No. Objective(s) of Experiment Page Date of Date of Assessm Sign. of Remar
No. perfor submis ent Teacher ks
mance sion Marks with
date
1 Draw and explain architecture of the web
browser. List and explain various HTML
request and response headers.
2 Create your resume using HTML
(Suggested sections of resume are Personal
Information, Educational Information,
Professional Skills, Experience,
Achievements, Hobbies), Experiment with
text, colors, link and lists.
3 Create your class time table using table tag,
experiment with rowspan, colspan,
cellspacing and cellpadding attributes.
4 Design static web pages for your college
containing a description of the courses,
departments, faculties, library etc. Provide
links for navigation among pages.
5 Create User Registration Form in HTML
(Suggested to use fields like Name, Date of
Birth, Gender, Email Id, Mobile No.,Address,
State , Education , Image Upload etc) using
textbox, textarea, checkbox, radio button,
select box, button, file upload etc.
6 Create two web pages, one contains audios
and other page contains videos (using HTML5
audio and video tags). Also provide link for
navigation between pages.
7 Create a web page using frame. Divide the
page into two parts with Navigation links
on left hand side of page (width=20%) and
content page on right hand side of page
(width = 80%). On clicking the navigation
Links corresponding content must be
shown on the right-hand side.
8 Design a web page of your home town with
an attractive background color, text color,
an Image, font etc. (use internal CSS).
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9 Use Inline CSS to format your resume that

you created in practical no 02.
10 Use External, Internal, Inline CSS to format
Information Technology Department Web
Pages that you created in Practical No.04
11 Develop a java script to display today’s date.

12 Develop simple calculator for addition,

subtraction, multiplication and division
operation using java script.
13 Write a java script code to combine and
display the information in textbox when
the button is clicked use registration page
that
you created in Practical No.5.
14 Use JavaScript to Implement validation in
Practical No.5.

15 Write a PHP program to check if number is

prime or not.
16 Use Registration Form from practical
number 5 to store user registration details
in MySql database. On submission next
page displays all registration data in in
html table using php. Also provide feature
to update
and delete the registration data.
17 Write a PHP script for user authentication
using PHP-MYSQL. Use session for storing
username.
18 Using AJAX Create visual search feature to
search using name for practical number 16
which list name, mobile number and email
id of matching users.
19 Create a REST API using php.
20 Create an Image slider using jQuery.
21 Create HTML form with one textbox and
button. Keep button label as SAVE. User will
enter color name in textbox and click on
save button.
On save, the value of textbox color name
should be saved in COOKIE.
Whenever user opens page again, the
background color should be same as saved
in
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cookie.
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Total
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Experiment No: 1

Draw and explain architecture of the web browser. List and explain
various HTML request and response headers.

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 1

Objectives:

1. To understand architecture of the web browser.

2. To understand HTML request and response headers.

Theory:

WHAT’S THE BROWSER?

The browser main functionality is to present the web resource you choose, by requesting it
from the server and displaying it on the browser window. The resource format is usually
HTML but also PDF, image and more.

Figure 1 Browser Architecture

USER INTERFACE

The space where interaction between users and the browser. Most of the browsers have
common inputs for user interface:
- Address bar.
- Next and back buttons.
- Buttons for home, refresh and stop
- Bookmark web pages

BROWSER ENGINE

Browser Engine provides methods to begin the loading of URL and other high-level
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browsing actions.
- Reload, Back, Forward actions
- Error messages
- Loading progress

RENDERING ENGINE

Rendering Engine interprets (render) the HTML, XML, JavaScript and generates the layout
that is displayed in the User Interface. Key component of this phase is HTML, CSS parse.

NETWORKING

Access and transfer data on the internet (calls HTTP, HTTPS, FTP). The Networking
components handles all aspects of internet communication or security.

JAVASCRIPT INTERPRETER

Component parse & executes the JavaScript that is embedded in the website. Results of the
execution a passed to the Rendering Engines for display.

DISPLAY BACKEND

Display common UI components. Drawing basic widgets like combo boxes, windows.

DATA PERSISTENCE

Storing the data on the client side.

- Cookies.
- Cache.

Basic Flow of HTML processing

Figure 2 Basis Flow of HTML Processing

HTTP Request and Response Messages

HTTP client and server communicate by sending text messages. The client sends a request
message to the server. The server, in turn, returns a response message.
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An HTTP message consists of a message header and an optional message body, separated by a
blank line, as illustrated below:

HTTP Request Message

The format of an HTTP request message is as follow:

Request Headers

The request headers are in the form of name:value pairs. Multiple values, separated by
commas, can be specified.

request-header-name: request-header-value1, request-header-value2, ...

Examples of request headers are:

Host: www.xyz.com
Connection: Keep-Alive
Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, */*
Accept-Language: us-en, fr, cn

Example
The following shows a sample HTTP request message:

HTTP Response Message

The format of the HTTP response message is as follows:

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HTTP Request Methods

HTTP protocol defines a set of request methods. A client can use one of these request
methods to send a request message to an HTTP server.

The methods are:

 GET: A client can use the GET request to get a web resource from the server.
 HEAD: A client can use the HEAD request to get the header that a GET request would
have obtained. Since the header contains the last-modified date of the data, this can
be used to check against the local cache copy.
 POST: Used to post data up to the web server.
 PUT: Ask the server to store the data.
 DELETE: Ask the server to delete the data.
 TRACE: Ask the server to return a diagnostic trace of the actions it takes.
 OPTIONS: Ask the server to return the list of request methods it supports.
 CONNECT: Used to tell a proxy to make a connection to another host and simply
reply the content, without attempting to parse or cache it. This is often used to make
SSL connection through the proxy.
Quiz:

1. What is a web browser?

- A web browser is an application for accessing websites. When a user requests a webpage from a
particular website, the browser retrieves its filess from a web server and then displays the page on the
user's screen.

2. List three most popular browser.

- Google chrome, firefox, Microsoft edge

3. Draw and explain architecture of the web browser

Answer :
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How Web Browsers Work

The following diagram illustrates the parts of a web browser and how they interact with
each other.

User Interface
This is the user interface for the browser. It includes the Address Bar, back button,
Bookmarking options, Refresh button, etc.
The browser’s user interface is not specified in any formal specification, but comes from
practices shaped over decades of experience (and browsers copying each other).
As a result, all browsers have UIs that are extremely similar to each other.
The Browser Engine
The browser engine marshals actions between the browser’s user interface and the
browser’s rendering engine.
When you type in a new website and press the enter key, the browser UI will tell the
browser engine, which will then communicate with the rendering engine.
The Rendering Engine
The rendering engine is responsible for displaying the requested content.
The rendering engine will start by getting the contents of the requested document from the
networking layer.
It takes in the HTML code and parses it to create the DOM (Document Object Model) tree.
The rendering engine will then parse the CSS to build the CSSOM (CSS Object Model). It’s
like the DOM, but for the CSS rather than the HTML.
While the CSS is being parsed and the CSSOM is being created, the browser is downloading
other assets through the Network Layer like JavaScript files.
The rendering engine communicates with the JavaScript engine to execute the JavaScript
code and manipulate the DOM and CSSOM.
The rendering engine then takes the DOM and the CSSOM and combines them to create the
Render tree.
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The rendering engine then uses the UI backend for laying out the website on the screen and
finally painting the pixels to the screen.
The entire process that the rendering engine goes through is called the Critical Rendering
Path.

Examples of rendering engine include

 Safari - WebKit Rendering Engine
 Chrome - Blink Rendering Engine (Blink is a fork of WebKit)
 FireFox - Gecko Rendering Engine
Here’s a more detailed look at the flow for WebKit
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Networking Layer
The Networking Layer is responsible for making network calls to fetch resources.
It imposes the right connection limits, formats requests, deals with proxies, caching, and
much more.
You can read more about the Networking Layer here.
JavaScript Engine
The JavaScript Engine is used to parse and execute JavaScript code on the DOM or CSSOM.
The JavaScript code is provided by the web server, or it can be provided by the web
browser (browser extensions or features of the browser like automatic ad-blocking).
Early browsers used JavaScript interpreters, but modern JavaScript engines use Just-In-
Time compilation for improved performance.
Examples of JavaScript Engine include
 Chrome - V8 JavaScript Engine
 Safari - JavaScriptCore
 FireFox - SpiderMonkey Engine
UI Backend
This layer is responsible for drawing the basic widgets like select or input boxes and
windows. Underneath it uses operating system UI methods.
The rendering engine uses the UI backend layer during the layout and painting stages to
display the web page on the browser.
Data Storage
The browser needs to save data locally (cookies, cache, etc.) so the Data Storage component
handles this part.
Modern browsers also support storage mechanisms like localStorage, IndexedDB, and
FileSystem. This is a great article on all the options for browser-side storage.
We’ve just covered the surface level here, if you’d like to dig deeper on how the HTML and
CSS parsers work as well as how the JavaScript Engine works, read the full blog post here.

Conclusion:
A web browser picks up the appropriate content from a browser and afterwards presents
the corresponding page on the browser of the client. The Web Server transmits the data to the
browser that shows an information on the device or any other app-enabled device enabling a
website.
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Suggested Reference:

1. https://www3.ntu.edu.sg/

References used by the students:

1. Quoster
2. wikipedia

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Experiment No: 2

Create your resume using HTML (Suggested sections of resume are

Personal Information, Educational Information, Professional Skills,
Experience, Achievements, Hobbies), Experiment with text, colors, link
and list.

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 2

Objectives:

1. To understand HTML Page Structure.

2. To understand how to use HTML tag attributes.

Theory:

HTML :

- HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language

- It is used to display the document in the web browser
- Hypertext is simply a piece of text that works as a link
- Markup Language is a way of writing layout information within documents
HTML Document Structure

- HTML Document consists of three main parts

o DOCTYPE declaration
o <head> section
o <body> section

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1> Hello World </h1> -
</body>
</html> -

- DOCTYPE specifies the document type. the document type is specified by the
Document Type Definition ( DTD ).

- <head> section is used to specify title of the page using <title> tag. It is also used for
adding external css and javascript files to html document.
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How to save and check output

- Editors like notepad, notepad++, sublime text, visual studio code can be used to write
html code
- Save html document file with .html extension
- To check output open html document with browser like google chrome , Microsoft
edge, Firefox etc.
HTML Formatting Tags

- <b> text </b> - for making the text bold.

- <strong> text </strong>- for making the text Important text
- <i> text </i>- for making the text Italic text
- <em> text </em>- to make the Emphasized text
- <mark>text </mark>- to make the text Marked text
- <small> text </small>- to make the text Smaller text
- <del>text</del> - to make the text Deleted text
- <ins> text </ins>- to make the text Inserted text
- <sub> text <sub>- to make the text Subscript text
- ^text- to make the text Superscript text
- <h1> to <h6> tags – for making Headings
- Font Color (<font color=”red”>Hello</font>) – to change font color
- Font Size (<font size=”10px”>Hello</font>) – to change font size

HTML List Tag

- HTML List allow web developers to group a set of related items in lists

- Unordered HTML List

o Starts with <ul> tag list item starts with <li> tag
o Lists items will be marked with bullets
o Example

<ul>
<li>C</li>
<li>C++</li>
<li>Java</li>
</ul>
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- Ordered HTML List

o Starts with <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
o Lists items will be marked with numbers by default

<ol>
<li>Apple</li>
<li>Mango</li>
<li>Banana</li>
</ol>

- HTML Description Lists

o A description list is a list of terms with a description of each term.

o <dl> tag defines the description list, <dt> tag defines the term (name) <dd>
tag describes each term

<dl>
<dt>CE</dt>
<dd>- Computer Engineering</dd>
<dt>IT</dt>
<dd>- Information Technology</dd>
</dl>

Implementation:

Create your resume using HTML (Suggested sections of resume are Personal Information,
Educational Information, Professional Skills, Experience, Achievements, Hobbies),
Experiment with text, colors, link and list.
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Output:

Conclusion:

Quiz:

1. Explain HTML Document Structure.

2. List and explain any five HTML formatting tags.
3. Explain ordered and unordered list with example.

Suggested Reference:

- https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_basic.asp
- https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_lists.asp
- https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_formatting.asp
References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Experiment No: 3

Create your class time table using table tag, experiment with rowspan,
colspan, cellspacing and cellpadding attributes.

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 2

Objectives:

1. To study HTML table tag

2. To study how to organize data in tabular format
Theory:

HTML Table Tag

- HTML tables allow web developers to arrange data into rows and columns.
- The <table> tag defines an HTML table.
- table row is defined with a <tr> tag.
- table header is defined with a <th> tag.
- text in <th> elements are bold and centered.
- Each table data/cell is defined with a <td>.
- By default, the text in <td> elements are regular and left-aligned.
- colspan attribute is used to make a cell span more than one column.
- rowspan attriute is used to make a call span more than one row.
- cellpadding represents the distance between cell borders and the content within a
cell.
- The cellspacing attribute defines space between table cells.
- Example
o Below code is for arranging car details in tabular format.
o You may stude table tag and output as below.
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Code Output

<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Color</th>
<th>Price</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Swift VXI</td>
<td>Red</td>
<td>800000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Vagon R</td>
<td>White</td>
<td>600000</td>
</tr>
</table>

Implementation:

Create your class time table using table tag, experiment with rowspan, colspan, cellspacing
and cellpadding attributes.

Output:
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Conclusion:

Quiz:

1. Explain the use of rowspan and colspan attributes in table tag.

2. Differentiate between <td> and <th>.

Suggested Reference:

 https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_tables.asp

References used by the students: (Sufficient space to be provided)

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Experiment No: 4

Design static web pages for your college containing a description of the
courses, departments, faculties, library etc. Provide links for navigation
among pages.

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 2

Objectives:

1. To study HTML Link.

Theory:

HTML Links:

- Links allow users to click their way from page to page.

- User can click on a link and jump to another document.
- When you move the mouse over a link, the mouse arrow will turn into a little hand.
- Syntax
o <a href="url"> link text </a>
- Example
<a href=https://www.gecmodasa.ac.in/ target=”_blank”>Visit
GEC Modasa</a>
- links will appear as follows in all browsers:
o An unvisited link is underlined and blue
o A visited link is underlined and purple
o An active link is underlined and red
- HTML Link Taget Attribute
o By default, the linked page will be displayed in the current browser window.
To change this, you must specify another target for the link.
o The target attribute specifies where to open the linked document.
o The target attribute can have one of the following values:
 _self - Default. Opens the document in the same window/tab as it was
clicked
 _blank - Opens the document in a new window or tab
 _parent - Opens the document in the parent frame
 _top - Opens the document in the full body of the window
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Implementation:

Design static web pages for your college containing a description of the courses, departments,
faculties, library etc. Provide links for navigation among pages.

Output:

Conclusion:

Quiz:

1. Explain HTML Link target attribute.

2. How to use image as a link ?
Suggested Reference:

 https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_links.asp

References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Experiment No: 5

Create User Registration Form in HTML (Suggested to use fields like

Name, Date of Birth, Gender, Email Id, Mobile No.,Address, State ,
Education , Image Upload etc) using textbox, textarea, checkbox, radio
button, select box, button, file upload etc.

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 2

Objectives:

1. To study HTML Form Tag.

2. To Study Various Input Types like textbox, password, radio button, checkbox etc.
Theory:

HTML Forms are required, when .

- For example for registration you may collect information like user name , email ,
contact number, address etc.
- A form will take input from the site visitor and then will post it to a back-end
application such as CGI, ASP Script or PHP script etc.
- The back-end application will perform required processing on the passed data based
on defined business logic inside the application.
- There are various form elements available like text fields, textarea fields, drop-down
menus, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.
- The HTML <form> tag is used to create an HTML form
- Syntax :

<form action = "Script URL" method = "GET|POST">

form elements like input, textarea etc.

</form>

- Important form attributes are as given below

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- HTML Form Controls

Control Name Used for Sample Code

Text input control Textbox is used for

<input type = "text" name =
accepting text from
Single line text input user, like firstname, "first_name" />
control lastname etc

Text input control Password input control

< input type = "password" name =
is used to accept
Password input password from user. "password" />
control

Text input control Teaxtarea is used to

<textarea rows = "5" cols = "50"
accept multiline text
Multiline input input , like comments. name = "description">
control.
Enter description here...

</textarea>

Checkbox Control Checkboxes are used

<input type = "checkbox" name =
when more than one
"maths" value = “maths"> Maths
option is required to be
selected. <input type = "checkbox" name =
"physics" value = “physics"> name =
"password" />
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Radio Button Radio buttons are used
Controls when out of many <input type = "radio" name =
options, just one option "subject" value = "maths"/> Maths
is required to be
selected. <input type = "radio" name =
"subject" value = "physics"/>
Physics

Drop Down box provides option to list

<select name = "dropdown">
Control down various options
in the form of drop <option value = "Maths"
down list, from where a selected>Maths</option>
user can select one or
more options. <option value =
"Physics">Physics</option>

</select>

File Upload It allows site users to

<input type = "file" name =
upload a file to
"fileupload" accept = "image/*" />
website.it is also
known as file select
box.

Button Control This creates a button

that automatically <input type = "submit" name =
Submit submits a form. "submit" value = "Submit" />

Button Control This creates a button

that automatically
Reset <input type = "reset" name =
resets form controls to
"reset" value = "Reset" />
their initial values.

Button Control This creates a button <input type = "button" name =

that is used to trigger a "ok" value = "OK" />
Button client-side script when
the user clicks that
button.
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Button Control This creates a clickable <input type = "image" name =
button but we can use "imagebutton" src =
Image an image as "/html/images/logo.png" />
background of the
button.

Hidden Control Hidden form controls <input type = "hidden" name =

are used to hide data "pagename" value = "10" />
inside the page which
later on can be pushed
to the server. This
control hides inside the
code and does not
appear on the actual
page.

Implementation:

Create User Registration Form in HTML (Suggested to use fields like Name, Date of Birth,
Gender, Email Id, Mobile No.,Address, State , Education , Image Upload etc) using textbox,
textarea, checkbox, radio button, select box, button, file upload etc

Output :

Conclusion:
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Quiz:

1. Explain form tag with its attributes.

2. Differentiate between text input and password input controls.
3. Explain various types of buttons available in HTML.
Suggested Reference:

 https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_forms.asp

References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Experiment No: 6

Create two web pages, one contains audios and other page contains
videos (using HTML5 audio and video tags). Also provide link for
navigation between pages.

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 2

Objectives:

1. To study how to add audio and video content in html page.

Theory:

HTML Video

The HTML <video> element is used to show a video on a web page.

Example :

<video width="320" height="240" controls>

<source src="movie.mp4" type="video/mp4">
<source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg">
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>

The controls attribute adds video controls, like play, pause, and volume.

The <source> element allows you to specify alternative video files which the browser may
choose from. The browser will use the first recognized format.

The text between the <video> and </video> tags will only be displayed in browsers that do
not support the <video> element.

HTML Audio

The HTML <audio> element is used to play an audio file on a web page.

<audio controls>
<source src="horse.ogg" type="audio/ogg">
<source src="horse.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
Your browser does not support the audio element.
</audio>
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The controls attribute adds audio controls, like play, pause, and volume.

The <source> element allows you to specify alternative audio files which the browser may
choose from. The browser will use the first recognized format.

Implementation:

Create two web pages, one contains audios and other page contains videos (using HTML5
audio and video tags). Also provide link for navigation between pages.

Output:

Conclusion:

Quiz:

1. Explain audio and video tags.

Suggested Reference:

 https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_media.asp

References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

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Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Web development(3151606)
Experiment No: 7

Create a web page using frame. Divide the page into two parts with
Navigation links on left hand side of page (width=20%) and content page
on right hand side of page (width = 80%). On clicking the navigation
Links corresponding content must be shown on the right-hand side.

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 2

Objectives:

1. To study frame and frameset to divide page multiple sections.

2. To understand about use of target attribute to open web page in target frame.
Theory:

The <frame> tag was used in HTML 4 to define one particular window (frame) within a
<frameset>
HTML frames are used to divide your browser window into multiple sections where each
section can load a separate HTML document.
A collection of frames in the browser window is known as a frameset.
The window is divided into frames in a similar way the tables are organized: into rows and
columns.
Creating Frames

To use frames on a page we use <frameset> tag instead of <body> tag.

The <frameset> tag defines, how to divide the window into frames. The rows attribute of
<frameset> tag defines horizontal frames and cols attribute defines vertical frames.
Each frame is indicated by <frame> tag and it defines which HTML document shall open into
the frame.
The <frameset> Tag Attributes
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Example : example to create three horizontal frames

<frameset rows = "10%,80%,10%">

<frame name = "top" src = "./rows_demo_pages/top_frame.htm" />
<frame name = "main" src = "./rows_demo_pages/main_frame.htm" />
<frame name = "bottom" src = "./rows_demo_pages/bottom_frame.htm" />

<noframes>
<body>Your browser does not support frames.</body>
</noframes>

</frameset>

in below implementation use target attribute in navigation link to open page in specific frame.

Implementation:

Create a web page using frame. Divide the page into two parts with Navigation links on left
hand side of page (width=20%) and content page on right hand side of page (width = 80%).
On clicking the navigation Links corresponding content must be shown on the right-hand
side.

Output:

Conclusion: (Sufficient space to be provided)

Quiz:

1. Explain about rows and cols attribute of frame tag.

2. Which tag embed an inline frame in a web page?
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3. Which attribute in frame tag is used to specifies the web page to load into that frame?
Suggested Reference:

 https://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_frameset.asp

References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Experiment No: 8

Design a web page of your home town with an attractive background

color, text color, an Image, font etc. (use internal CSS).

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 3

Objectives:

1. To understand how CSS works.

Theory:

Introduction To CSS

- CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets

- CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed.
- CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once
- External stylesheets are stored in CSS files
- HTML was NEVER intended to contain tags for formatting a web page!. HTML was
created to describe the content of a web page.
- When tags like <font>, and color attributes were added to the HTML 3.2 specification,
it started a nightmare for web developers. Development of large websites, where
fonts and color information were added to every single page, became a long and
expensive process.
- To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created CSS.
- CSS removed the style formatting from the HTML page!
CSS Syntax

- A CSS rule-set consists of a selector and a declaration block:

- The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.
- The declaration block contains one or more declarations separated by semicolons.
- Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value, separated by a colon.
- declaration blocks are surrounded by curly braces.
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Example: In this example all <p> elements will be center-aligned, with a red text color

Code Output

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
p{
color: red;
text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello World!</p>
<p>These paragraphs are styled
with CSS.</p>
</body>
</html>

- p is a selector in CSS (it points to the HTML element you want to style: <p>).
- color is a property, and red is the property value
- text-align is a property, and center is the property value
CSS Selectors

- CSS Element Selector

o The element selector selects HTML elements based on the element name.
o Example:
p{
text-align: center; color: red;
}

- The CSS id Selector

o The id selector uses the id attribute of an HTML element to select a specific

element.
o The id of an element is unique within a page, so the id selector is used to select
one unique element!
o To select an element with a specific id, write a hash (#) character, followed by
the id of the element.
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o Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
#para1 {
text-align: center;
color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p id="para1">Hello World!</p>
<p>This paragraph is not affected
by the style.</p>
</body>
</html>

- CSS Class Selector

o The class selector selects HTML elements with a specific class attribute.
o To select elements with a specific class, write a period (.) character, followed
by the class name.
o Example
 In this example all HTML elements with class="center" will be red and
center-aligned:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.center {
text-align: center;
color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1 class="center">Red and center-
aligned heading</h1>
<p class="center">Red and center-
aligned paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>

- CSS Universal Selector

o The universal selector (*) selects all HTML elements on the page.
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o Example
-
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
*{
text-align: center; color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello world!</h1>
<p>Every element on the page will be affected by the style.</p>
<p id="para1">Me too!</p>
<p>And me!</p>
</body>
</html>

- CSS Grouping Selector

o The grouping selector selects all the HTML elements with the same style
definitions.
o To group selectors, separate each selector with a comma.
o Example:
h1, h2, p {
text-align: center; color: red;
}

- The CSS Pseudo Class Selector

o Some selectors can be considered different because of the way the element
they belong to works.
o For example the anchor that creates a link between documents can have
pseudo classes attached to it simply because it is not known at the time of
writing the markup what the state will be.
o It could be visited , not visited , or in the process of being selected.
o CSS pseudo-classes are used to add special effects to some selectors. You do
not need to use JavaScript or any other script to use those effects.
o selector:pseudo-class {property: value}
o CSS classes can also be used with pseudo-classes
o selector.class:pseudo-class {property: value}
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o Example

o
a : link { color: red}
a : active { color: yellow} a : visited { color: green}
a : hover { font-weight: bold}
a : link : hover {font-weight:bold}

- Types Of CSS

o External CSS
o Internal CSS
o Inline CSS
- Internal CSS

o An internal style sheet may be used if one single HTML page has a unique style.
o The internal style is defined inside the <style> element, inside the head section.
o Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style> body {
background-color: linen;
}
h1 {
color: maroon; margin-left: 40px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>

-CSS Background Color

- The background-color property specifies the background color of an element.

- With CSS, a color is most often specified by:
o a valid color name - like "red"
o a HEX value - like "#ff0000"
o an RGB value - like "rgb(255,0,0)"
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Example:

body {
background-color: lightblue;
}

-CSS Text Color

- text color can be set using color property

Example:

<h1 style="color:Tomato;">Hello World</h1>

Implementation:

Design a web page of your home town with an attractive background color, text color, an
Image, font etc. (use internal CSS).

Output:
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Conclusion:

Quiz:

1. Explain the syntax of the CSS.

2. What is internal CSS ?
3. Explain CSS class and Id selector.
Suggested Reference:

 https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_syntax.asp
 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-css-cascading-style-sheet/
References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Experiment No: 9

Use Inline CSS to format your resume that you created in practical no 02.

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 3

Objectives:

1. To understand the use of Inline CSS.

Theory:

Internal CSS

- An inline style may be used to apply a unique style for a single element.
- To use inline styles, add the style attribute to the relevant element. The style
attribute can contain any CSS property.
Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1 style="color:blue;text-align:center;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="color:red;">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>

Implementation:

Use Inline CSS to format your resume that you created in practical no 02.
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Output:

Conclusion:

Quiz:

1. Explain Internal CSS VS Inline CSS.

2. CSS stands for .
3. Which HTML tag is used to define an internal style sheet?
Suggested Reference:

 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-css-cascading-style-sheet/

References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Experiment No: 10

Use External, Internal, Inline CSS to format Information Technology

Department Web Pages that you created in Practical No.04

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 3

Objectives:

1. To understand use of External CSS

Theory:

External CSS

 An external file is a good idea when you have a number of pages, or even a complete
site, which you need to control in terms of presentation.
 it saves lots of effort as at one time you would have needed to alter each page
individually.
 With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire website by
changing just one file!
 Each HTML page must include a reference to the external style sheet file inside the
<link> element, inside the head section.
 External CSS file must be saved with a .css extension.
 Example

HTML Code : index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet"
type="text/css" href="mystyle.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>

CSS Code : mystyle.css

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body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
h1 {
color: navy;
margin-left: 20px;
}

Implementation:

Use External, Internal, Inline CSS to format Information Technology Department Web Pages
that you created in Practical No.04

Output:

Conclusion:

Quiz:

1. Explain External CSS.

2. Compare Internal, Inline and External CSS.
3. Which property is used to change the background color?
4. Which property is used to change the text color of the element?
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Suggested Reference:

 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-css-cascading-style-sheet/

References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Experiment No: 11

Develop a java script to display today’s date.

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 4

Objectives:

1. To understand how to write simple java script

Theory:

Javascript

 Javascript is a client side scripting language.

 HTML and CSS for static rendering of a page
 Scripting languges allows content to change dynamically
 Possible to interact with the user beyond what is possible with HTML
 Scripts are programs and can execute on the client side (the one with the browser) or
server.
 Running a script on the client saves processing time on the server
 Types Of Javascript

o Internal Javascript
 JavaScript code is placed in the head and body section of an HTML page.
 Example
<html>
<head>
<title>Internal JavaScript</title>
<script type="text/javascript"> document.write("Hello World.!!!");
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

o External javascript
 If you want to use the same script on several pages it could be good
idea to place the code in separate file, rather than writing it on each.
 JavaScript code are stored in separate external file using the .js extension
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(Ex: external.js).
 Example :
HTML File : index.html

<html>
<head>
<title>External JavaScript</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="external.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

External javascript file : external.js

document.write("This is External Javascript Example.!!!");

Implementation:

Develop a java script to display today’s date.

Output :

Conclusion:
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Quiz:

1. What is javascript?
2. Explain internal and external javascript.
Suggested Reference:

 https://www.w3schools.com/JSREF/jsref_obj_date.asp
References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Experiment No: 12

Develop simple calculator for addition, subtraction, multiplication and

division operation using java script.

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 4

Objectives:

1. To understand the use of mathematical operators in javascript.

2. To understand the use of document object model.
3. To understand javascript event handling.
Theory:

Javascript Syntax

How to create and use variables?

var x,y,z;

x=5;

y=5

z=x+y;

document.write(“total is : ”+z)

The HTML DOM ( Document Object Model)

- When a web page is loaded, the browser creates a Document Object Model of the page.
- The HTML DOM model is constructed as a tree of Objects:
- Using DOM Javascript can
o change all the HTML elements in the page
o change all the HTML attributes in the page
o change all the CSS styles in the page
o remove existing HTML elements and attributes
o add new HTML elements and attributes
o react to all existing HTML events in the page
o create new HTML events in the page
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Figure 3 Document Object Model

DOM Examples

Example 1 : following example changes the content of <p> element

<html>
<body>

<p id="demo"></p>

<script>
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello World!";
</script>

</body>
</html>

Here getElementById is a method, while innerHTML is a property.

Example 2: Validate Numeric Input

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h2>Number Validation</h2>

<p>Enter a number between 1 and 10:</p>

<input id="numb">

<button type="button" onclick="myFunction()">Submit</button>

<p id="demo"></p>

<script>
function myFunction() {
// Get the value of the input field with id="numb"
let x = document.getElementById("numb").value;
// If x is Not a Number or less than one or greater than 10
let text;
if (isNaN(x) || x < 1 || x > 10) {
text = "Input not valid";
} else {
text = "Input OK";
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = text;
}
</script>

</body>
</html>

Implementation:

Develop simple calculator for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division operation
using java script.
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Output :

Conclusion:

Quiz:

1. Explain Document Object Model.

Suggested Reference:

 https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_htmldom.asp
 https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_validation.asp
References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Experiment No: 13

Write a java script code to combine and display the information in

textbox when the button is clicked use registration page that you created
in Practical No.5.

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 4

Objectives:

1. To understand the use of DOM for getting values from Form Controls.
2. To understand event handling with javascript
Theory:

What is an Event ?

- JavaScript's interaction with HTML is handled through events that occur when the
user or the browser manipulates a page.
- When the page loads, it is called an event. When the user clicks a button, that click too
is an event. Other examples include events like pressing any key, closing a window,
resizing a window, etc.
- Developers can use these events to execute JavaScript coded responses, which cause
buttons to close windows, messages to be displayed to users, data to be validated,
and virtually any other type of response imaginable.
- Events are a part of the Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 and every HTML
element contains a set of events which can trigger JavaScript Code.

Example : the following javascript example demonstrate how to fetch value from textbox
and display using alert()
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>

<title>Java Script Demo</title>

<script>
function showData()
{
var uname,email;
uname = document.forms["myform"]["username"].value;
email = document.forms["myform"]["email"].value;
alert("you entered name:"+uname+" email:"+email);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>

<form name="myform">
UserName : <input type="text" name="username"/> <br/>
Password : <input type="email" name="email"/> <br/>
<input type="button" value="display" onclick="showData()" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

Implementation:

Write a java script code to combine and display the information in textbox when the button is
clicked use registration page that you created in Practical No.5.

Output :
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Conclusion:

Quiz:

1. Explain event handling with javascript.

Suggested Reference:

 https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_validation.asp
References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Experiment No: 14

Use JavaScript to Implement validation in Practical No.5.

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 4

Objectives:

1. To understand validation using javascript.

Theory:

Javascript can be used for HTML form validation

Following example demonstrate form validation using javascript

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script>
function validateForm() {
let x = document.forms["myForm"]["fname"].value; if (x == "") {
alert("Name must be filled out"); return false;
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>

<h2>JavaScript Validation</h2>

<form name="myForm" action="/action_page.php" onsubmit="return validateForm()" method="post">

Name: <input type="text" name="fname">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

</body>
</html>

Implementation:

Use JavaScript to Implement validation in Practical No.5

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Output :

Conclusion:

Quiz:

1. Explain javascript form validation.

Suggested Reference:

 https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_validation.asp
References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Experiment No: 15

Write a PHP program to check if number is prime or not.

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 5

Objectives:

1. To understand how to write simple php program

2. To understand how to use php conditional and Loops Statement
Theory:

PHP

 PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and
interactive Web pages.
 PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's
ASP.
 Syntax

<?php
// PHP code goes here
?>

 Example : demonstrate printing Hello World

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
echo "Hello World";
?>
</body>
</html>

 Creating (Declaring) PHP Variables

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<?php
$txt = "Hello world!";
$x = 5;
$y = 10.5;
?>

 PHP Conditional Statements

Statement Syntax

PHP - The if Statement

if (condition) {
code to be executed
if condition is true;
}

PHP - The if...else Statement

if (condition) {
code to be executed
if condition is true;
} else {
code to be executed
if condition is
false;
}

PHP - The if...elseif...else Statement

if (condition) {
code to be executed
if this condition is
true;
} elseif (condition) {
code to be executed if
first condition is false
and this condition is
true;
} else {
code to be executed
if all conditions are
false;
}

 PHP Loop Statements

Statement Syntax
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The PHP while Loop
while (condition is true) {
code to be executed;
}

The PHP do...while Loop

do {
code to be executed;
} while (condition
is true);

The PHP for Loop

for (init counter; test
counter; increment
counter)
{
code to be executed
for each iteration;
}

The PHP foreach Loop

foreach ($array as $value)
{
code to be executed;
}

Implementation:

Output :
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Conclusion:

Quiz:

1. What is PHP? Explain PHP Syntax.

2. Explain foreach Loop in PHP.

Suggested Reference:

 https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_looping.asp

References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Experiment No: 16

Use Registration Form from practical number 5 to store user registration

details in MySql database. On submission next page displays all
registration data in in html table using php. Also provide feature to
update and delete the registration data.

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 5

Objectives:

1. To understand how to use MySql database

2. To understand how to perform CRUD operations.
Theory:

Accessing MySQL from PHP Note that documentation is available online here:
http://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.mysql.php

Basically, there are four things you want to be able to do in MySQL from within PHP:

1. connect to the mysql database

2. execute mysql queries
3. check the status of your mysql commands
4. disconnect from the mysql database

Queries can be any kind of MySQL query, including SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, etc. Using
SELECT queries, you can execute MySQL/PHP functions to put the data read from the MySQL
database into PHP variables. Then you can use the PHP variables in your PHP script to do
whatever analysis, display, etc. that you want.

1. Connect to the MySQL database

Here is an example of connecting to the MySQL database from within PHP:

$conn=mysql_connect($mysql_host,$mysql_user,$mysql_password) or die('Could not

connect: ’.mysql_error());

echo ’Connected successfully’;

mysql_select_db( $mysql_db ) or die( ’Could not select database’ );

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You will need to replace the variables $mysql_host, $mysql_user, $mysql_password and
$mysql_db with strings containing the values for connecting to your database. $mysql_host
is "localhost"

Notice that there are two functions invoked:

- Logs into mysql: mysql_connect()

- Selects the database to use: mysql_select_db()
Also notice that you put your un-encrypted password in the script that connects to the
database. So be careful where you put that script! Make sure it is in a directory where there
is a default index.html (or index.php) file so that nobody can get to the script from a web
browser.

2. Execute MySQL queries

Here is an example of executing a SELECT query from within PHP:

// set up and execute the MySQL query

$query = ’SELECT * FROM my_table’;

$result = mysql_query( $query ) or die( ’Query failed: ’. mysql_error() );

// print the results as an HTML table

echo " \n";

while ( $row = mysql_fetch_array( $result, MYSQL_ASSOC ))

echo "\t \n";

foreach ( $row as $item )

echo "\t\t $item\n";

echo "\t\n";

echo "\n";

// free result

mysql_free_result( $result )

;
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There are three functions used here:

- To execute the query and store the result in a local variable: mysql_query()
- Parse the data read returned from the query as an array: mysql_fetch_array()
- Free the memory used by the query result: mysql_free_result()
NOTE that if the result returned is a scalar and not an array, then only mysql_query() needs
to be called and does not need to be followed by a call to mysql_fetch_array().

Finally, note the use of mysql_error() in the query function.

3. Check the status of your MySQL commands

If errors occur, the functions return errors. These errors can be read as strings using the
function mysql_error(). Note the usage in this statement:

$conn=mysql_connect($mysql_host,$mysql_user,$mysql_password) or die('Could not

connect: ’.mysql_error());

echo ’Connected successfully’;

4. Disconnect from the MySQL database

To disconnect from MySQL, there is one function needed:

mysql_close($conn);

Implementation:

Use Registration Form from practical number 5 to store user registration details in MySql
database. On submission next page displays all registration data in in html table using php.
Also provide feature to update and delete the registration data.

Output :
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Conclusion:

Quiz:

1. What is MySql?
2. Write a sample code to demonstrate php mysql connectivity.
Suggested Reference:

 http://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.mysql.php
References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Experiment No: 17

Write a PHP script for user authentication using PHP-MYSQL. Use session
for storing username

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 3

Objectives:

1. To understand session in PHP

Theory:

What is a PHP Session?

When you work with an application, you open it, do some changes, and then you close it.
This is much like a Session. The computer knows who you are. It knows when you start the
application and when you end. But on the internet there is one problem: the web server
does not know who you are or what you do, because the HTTP address doesn't maintain
state.

Session variables solve this problem by storing user information to be used across multiple
pages (e.g. username, favorite color, etc). By default, session variables last until the user
closes the browser.

So; Session variables hold information about one single user, and are available to all pages in
one application.

Start a PHP Session

A session is started with the session_start() function.

Session variables are set with the PHP global variable: $_SESSION.

Now, let's create a new page called "demo_session1.php". In this page, we start a new PHP
session and set some session variables:
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<?php
// Start the
session
session_start();
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
// Set session variables
$_SESSION["favcolor"]
= "green";
$_SESSION["favanimal"]
= "cat";
echo "Session variables
are set.";
?>

</body>
</html>

Get PHP Session Variable Values

Next, we create another page called "demo_session2.php". From this page, we will access the
session information we set on the first page ("demo_session1.php").

Notice that session variables are not passed individually to each new page, instead they are
retrieved from the session we open at the beginning of each page (session_start()).

Also notice that all session variable values are stored in the global $_SESSION variable:
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<?php
session_start(
);
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
// Echo session
variables that were
set on previous page
echo "Favorite color is
" . $_SESSION["favcolor"]
. ".<br>";
echo "Favorite animal is
" . $_SESSION["favanimal"]
. ".";
?>

</body>
</html>

Modify a PHP Session Variable

To change a session variable, just overwrite it:

<?php session_start();
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
// to change a session variable, just overwrite it
$_SESSION["favcolor"]
= "yellow"; print_r($_SESSION);
?>

</body>
</html>

Destroy a PHP Session

To remove all global session variables and destroy the session, use session_unset() and
session_destroy():
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<?php session_start();
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
// remove all session variables session_unset();

// destroy the session session_destroy();

?>

</body>
</html>

Implementation:

Write a PHP script for user authentication using PHP-MYSQL. Use session for storing
username.

Output :

Conclusion:
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Quiz:

1. What is PHP Session?

2. How to destroy PHP Session?
Suggested Reference:

 https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_sessions.asp
References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Experiment No: 18

Using AJAX Create visual search feature to search using name for
practical number 16 which list name, mobile number and email id of
matching users.

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 6

Objectives:

1. To understand how Ajax works.

Theory:

What is AJAX?
AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript And XML.
AJAX is not a programming language.
AJAX just uses a combination of:
- A browser built-in XMLHttpRequest object (to request data from a web server)
- JavaScript and HTML DOM (to display or use the data)
AJAX allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by exchanging data with a web server
behind the scenes. This means that it is possible to update parts of a web page, without
reloading the whole page.

Ref: https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_ajax_intro.asp
Steps:
1. An event occurs in a web page (the page is loaded, a button is clicked)
2. An XMLHttpRequest object is created by JavaScript
3. The XMLHttpRequest object sends a request to a web server
4. The server processes the request
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5. The server sends a response back to the web page
6. The response is read by JavaScript
7. Proper action (like page update) is performed by JavaScript

The keystone of AJAX is the XMLHttpRequest object.

1. Create an XMLHttpRequest object

variable = new XMLHttpRequest();

2. Define a callback function

xhttp.onload = function() {
// What to do when the response is ready
}

3. Open the XMLHttpRequest object

xhttp.open("GET", "ajax_info.txt");

4. Send a Request to a server

xhttp.send();

XMLHttpRequest Object Methods

Method Description

new XMLHttpRequest() Creates a new XMLHttpRequest object

abort() Cancels the current request

getAllResponseHeaders() Returns header information

getResponseHeader() Returns specific header information

open(method, url, async, user, psw) Specifies the request

method: the request type GET or POST

url: the file location
async: true (asynchronous) or false
(synchronous)
user: optional user name
psw: optional password

send() Sends the request to the server

Used for GET requests
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send(string) Sends the request to the server.

Used for POST requests

setRequestHeader() Adds a label/value pair to the header to be

sent

XMLHttpRequest Object Properties

Property Description
Onload Defines a function to be called when the
request is recieved (loaded)
Onreadystatechange Defines a function to be called when the
readyState property changes
readyState Holds the status of the XMLHttpRequest.
0: request not initialized
1: server connection established
2: request received
3: processing request
4: request finished and response is ready
responseText Returns the response data as a string
responseXML Returns the response data as XML data
Status Returns the status-number of a request
200: "OK"
403: "Forbidden"
404: "Not Found"
For a complete list go to the Http Messages
Reference
statusText Returns the status-text (e.g. "OK" or "Not
Found")

Call back function

With the XMLHttpRequest object you can define a callback function to be executed when the
request receives an answer. The function is defined in the onload property of
the XMLHttpRequest object:

xhttp.onload = function() {
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = this.responseText;
}
xhttp.open("GET", "ajax_info.txt");
xhttp.send();

The onreadystatechange Property

The readyState property holds the status of the XMLHttpRequest.
The onreadystatechange property defines a callback function to be executed when the
readyState changes. The status property and the statusText properties hold the status of the
XMLHttpRequest object.
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readyState Holds the status of the XMLHttpRequest.

0: request not initialized
1: server connection established
2: request received
3: processing request
4: request finished and response is ready

Status 200: "OK"

403: "Forbidden"
404: "Page not found"
For a complete list go to the Http Messages Reference

Implementation:

Using AJAX Create visual search feature to search using name for practical number 16 which
list name, mobile number and email id of matching users.

Output :

Conclusion:

Quiz:

1. What is Ajax?
2. Explain XMLHttpRequest.
Suggested Reference:

 https://www.w3schools.com/xml/ajax_intro.asp
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References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Experiment No: 19

Create a REST API using php.

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 6

Objectives:

1. To understand how REST API works.

Theory:

What is REST?
REST stands for Representational State Transfer, REST is an architectural style which
defines a set of constraints for developing and consuming web services through standard
protocol (HTTP). REST API is a simple, easy to implement and stateless web service. There is
another web service available which is SOAP which stands for Simple Object Access Protocol
which is created by Microsoft.

REST API is widely used in web and mobile applications as compared to SOAP. REST can
provide output data in multiple formats such as JavaScript Object Notation (JSON),
Extensible Markup Language (XML), Command Separated Value (CSV) and many others
while SOAP described output in Web Services Description Language (WSDL).
How Does REST API Work
REST requests are related to CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) in database,
REST uses GET, POST, PUT and DELETE requests. Let me compare them with CRUD.
 GET is used to retrieve information which is similar to Read
 POST is used to create new record which is similar to Create
 PUT is used to update record which is similar to Update
 DELETE is used to delete record which is similar to Delete

How to Create and Consume Simple REST API in PHP

JSON format is the most common output format of REST API, we will use the JSON format to
consume our simple REST API. We will developed an online transaction payment REST API
for our example. I will try to keep it as simple as possible so i will use GET request to
retrieve information.
1. Create REST API in PHP
2. Consume REST API in PHP

1. Create REST API in PHP

To create a REST API, follow these steps:
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A. Create a Database and Table with Dummy Data
B. Create a Database Connection
C. Create a REST API File
A. Create a Database and Table with Dummy Data
To create database run the following query.

CREATE DATABASE allphptricks;

To create a table run the following query. Note: I have already attached the SQL file of this
table with dummy data, just download the complete zip file of this tutorial.

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `transactions` (

`id` int(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`order_id` int(50) NOT NULL,
`amount` decimal(9,2) NOT NULL,
`response_code` int(10) NOT NULL,
`response_desc` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `order_id` (`order_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 ;

B. Create a Database Connection

Just create a db.php file and paste the following database connection in it. Make sure that
you update these credentials with your database credentials.
// Enter your Host, username, password, database below.
$con = mysqli_connect("localhost","root","","allphptricks");
if (mysqli_connect_errno()){
echo "Failed to connect to MySQL: " . mysqli_connect_error();
die();
}

C. Create a REST API File

Create a api.php file and paste the following script in it.
<?php
header("Content-Type:application/json");
if (isset($_GET['order_id']) && $_GET['order_id']!="") {
include('db.php');
$order_id = $_GET['order_id'];
$result = mysqli_query(
$con,
"SELECT * FROM `transactions` WHERE order_id=$order_id");
if(mysqli_num_rows($result)>0){
$row = mysqli_fetch_array($result);
$amount = $row['amount'];
$response_code = $row['response_code'];
$response_desc = $row['response_desc'];
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response($order_id, $amount, $response_code,$response_desc);
mysqli_close($con);
}else{
response(NULL, NULL, 200,"No Record Found");
}
}else{
response(NULL, NULL, 400,"Invalid Request");
}

function response($order_id,$amount,$response_code,$response_desc){
$response['order_id'] = $order_id;
$response['amount'] = $amount;
$response['response_code'] = $response_code;
$response['response_desc'] = $response_desc;

$json_response = json_encode($response);
echo $json_response;
}
?>

The above script will accept the GET request and return output in the JSON format.
I have created all these files in folder name rest, now you can get the transaction
information by browsing the following URL.

http://localhost/rest/api.php?order_id=15478959

You will get the following output.

Above URL is not user friendly, therefore we will rewrite URL through the .htaccess file, copy
paste the following rule in .htaccess file.
RewriteEngine On # Turn on the rewriting engine

RewriteRule ^api/([0-9a-zA-Z_-]*)$ api.php?order_id=$1 [NC,L]

Now you can get the transaction information by browsing the following URL.
http://localhost/rest/api/15478959

You will get the following output.

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2. Consume REST API in PHP
To consume a REST API, follow these steps:
1. Create an Index File with HTML Form
2. Fetch Records through CURL
1. Create an Index File with HTML Form
<form action="" method="POST">
<label>Enter Order ID:</label><br />
<input type="text" name="order_id" placeholder="Enter Order ID" required/>
<br /><br />
<button type="submit" name="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

2. Fetch Records through CURL

<?php
if (isset($_POST['order_id']) && $_POST['order_id']!="") {
$order_id = $_POST['order_id'];
$url = "http://localhost/rest/api/".$order_id;

$client = curl_init($url);
curl_setopt($client,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,true);
$response = curl_exec($client);

$result = json_decode($response);

echo "<table>";
echo "<tr><td>Order ID:</td><td>$result->order_id</td></tr>";
echo "<tr><td>Amount:</td><td>$result->amount</td></tr>";
echo "<tr><td>Response Code:</td><td>$result->response_code</td></tr>";
echo "<tr><td>Response Desc:</td><td>$result->response_desc</td></tr>";
echo "</table>";
}
?>

You can do anything with these output data, you can insert or update it into your own
database if you are using REST API of any other service provider. Usually in case of online
transaction, the service provider provides status of payment via API. You can check either
payment is made successfully or not. They also provide a complete guide of it.
Note: Make sure CURL is enabled on your web server or on your localhost when you are
testing demo.
Implementation:

Create a REST API using php.

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Output :

Conclusion:

Quiz:

1. What is REST API?

Suggested Reference:

 https://www.allphptricks.com/create-and-consume-simple-rest-api-in-php/)

References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Experiment No: 20

Create an Image slider using jQuery.

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 6

Objectives:

1. To understand how JQuery Works.

Theory:

JQUERY

The purpose of jQuery is to make it much easier to use JavaScript on your website. jQuery
takes a lot of common tasks that require many lines of JavaScript code to accomplish, and
wraps them into methods that you can call with a single line of code. jQuery also simplifies a
lot of the complicated things from JavaScript, like AJAX calls and DOM manipulation.
The jQuery library contains the following features:
A. HTML/DOM manipulation
B. CSS manipulation
C. HTML event methods
D. Effects and animations
E. AJAX
There are several ways to start using jQuery on your web site.

You can:
 Download the jQuery library from jQuery.com
 Include jQuery from a CDN, like Google

<head>
<script src="jquery-3.6.4.min.js"></script>
</head>
OR
<head>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.6.4/jquery.min.js
">
</script>
</head>

The jQuery syntax is tailor-made for selecting HTML elements and performing
some action on the element(s).
Basic syntax is:
$(selector).action()
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 A $ sign to define/access jQuery
 A (selector) to "query (or find)" HTML elements
 A jQuery action() to be performed on the element(s)

Examples:

$(this).hide() - hides the current element.

$("p").hide() - hides all <p> elements.
$(".test").hide() - hides all elements with class="test".
$("#test").hide() - hides the element with id="test".

All jQuery methods in our examples, are inside a document ready event:

$(document).ready(function(){

// jQuery methods go here…

});

This is to prevent any jQuery code from running before the document is finished loading (is
ready). It is good practice to wait for the document to be fully loaded and ready before
working with it. This also allows you to have your JavaScript code before the body of your
document, in the head section.

jQuery selectors allow you to select and manipulate HTML element(s).

jQuery selectors are used to "find" (or select) HTML elements based on their name, id,
classes, types, attributes, values of attributes and much more. It's based on the existing CSS
Selectors, and in addition, it has some own custom selectors.

All selectors in jQuery start with the dollar sign and parentheses: $().

When a user clicks on a button, all <p> elements will be hidden:

$(document).ready(function(){
$("button").click(function(){
$("p").hide();
});
});

The jQuery #id selector uses the id attribute of an HTML tag to find the specific element.

An id should be unique within a page, so you should use the #id selector when you want to
find a single, unique element.

To find an element with a specific id, write a hash character, followed by the id of the HTML
element:
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$("#test")

When a user clicks on a button, the element with id="test" will be hidden:

$(document).ready(function(){
$("button").click(function(){
$("#test").hide();
});
});

All the different visitors' actions that a web page can respond to are called events. An event
represents the precise moment when something happens.

Examples:
 moving a mouse over an element
 selecting a radio button
 clicking on an element

The term "fires/fired" is often used with events. Example: "The keypress event is fired, the
moment you press a key". Here are some common DOM events:

Mouse Events Keyboard Events Form Events Document/Window

Events
Click Keypress submit Load
Dblclick Keydown change Resize
Mouseenter Keyup focus Scroll
Mouseleave blur Unload

In jQuery, most DOM events have an equivalent jQuery method. To assign a click event to all
paragraphs on a page, you can do this:

$("p").click();

The next step is to define what should happen when the event fires. You must pass a
function to the event:

$("p").click(function(){
// action goes here!!
});

Commonly Used jQuery Event Methods

$(document).ready()

The $(document).ready() method allows us to execute a function when the document is fully
loaded.

click()
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The click() method attaches an event handler function to an HTML element. The function is
executed when the user clicks on the HTML element. The following example says: When a
click event fires on a <p> element; hide the current <p> element:

$("p").click(function(){
$(this).hide();
});

dblclick()
The dblclick() method attaches an event handler function to an HTML element. The function is
executed when the user double-clicks on the HTML element:

$("p").dblclick(function(){
$(this).hide();
});

mouseenter()
The mouseenter() method attaches an event handler function to an HTML element. The
function is executed when the mouse pointer enters the HTML element:

$("#p1").mouseenter(function(){
alert("You entered p1!");
});

Implementation:

Create an Image slider using jQuery.

Output :

Conclusion:

Quiz:

1. What is jquery?
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2. Javascript Vs. Jquery
Suggested Reference:

 https://www.w3schools.com/jquery/jquery_intro.asp

References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks
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Experiment No: 21

Cookie Example

Create HTML form with one textbox and button. Keep button label as SAVE. User will enter
color name in textbox and click on save button. On save, the value of textbox color name
should be saved in COOKIE. Whenever user opens page again, the background color should
be same as saved in cookie. Whenever user opens page again, the background color should
be same as saved in cookie.

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills:

Relevant CO: 6

Objectives:

1. To understand use of COOKIES.

Theory:

Cookie

 Cookie is used to identify a user

 It is a small file which server embeds on the user’s computer
 Each time same computer requests a page with a browser, it will send the cookie also.
 Using PHP cookies values can be created and retrieved.

Create Cookies With PHP

setcookie() function is used to create a cookie

Syntax

setcookie(name, value, expire, path, domain, secure, httponly);

Here name parameter is required while other parameters are optional.

PHP Create and Retrieve a Cookie

Example
210280116026 Dangi meet
Web development(3151606)

<?php
$cookie_name = "email";
$cookie_value = "";
setcookie($cookie_name, $cookie_value, time() + (86400 * 30), "/"); // 864
?>
<html>
<body>

<?php if(!isset($_COOKIE[$cookie_name])) {
echo "Cookie named '" . $cookie_name . "' is not set!";
} else {
echo "Cookie '" . $cookie_name . "' is set!<br>"; echo "Value is: " . $_CO
}
?>

</body>
</html>

Above example creates a cookie named “email” with value abc@xyz.com which will expire
after 30 days.

For cookie modification again use setcookie() function.

Delete a Cookie

To delete a cookie use setcookie() function with an expiration date in the past.

Example

<?php
// set the expiration date to one hour ago setcookie("user", "", time() - 36
?>
<html>
<body>

<?php
echo "Cookie 'user' is deleted.";
?>

</body>
</html>
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Web development(3151606)
Implementation:

Create HTML form with one textbox and button. Keep button label as SAVE. User will enter
color name in textbox and click on save button. On save, the value of textbox color name
should be saved in COOKIE. Whenever user opens page again, the background color should
be same as saved in cookie. Whenever user opens page again, the background color should
be same as saved in cookie.

Output :

Conclusion:

Quiz:

1. What is cookie?
2. What is the life of cookie?
Suggested Reference:

 https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_cookies.asp

References used by the students:

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 Total
Marks