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01

0 1.
Gj;jfrhiy vDk; ft
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0
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3.
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0
4.
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cti kazp
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0
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0
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kd pjh;fs; md;Gnewp fhz;g jw;Fk;>

kd pjuJkNdhghtk; tphptiltj w;Fk;>

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rfy kf;fSk; xd;nwd czh;tjw;Fk;>

v
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0 9.
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Ne hf;Fk; Ng hJ >

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Ntz;Lk;.

mq;F gp wnkhopE }y;fs; vy ;yhk; nkhopng ah;j;J

m ike;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;

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ciueil E}y;fs;

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m Lf;fg l;bU f;f Ntz;Lk;.

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k;

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tpU k;Gk; E} y;fs;>

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m Lf;fp
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10.
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f tp Qh; $W fpd;w hh ;?

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tU Nthiu vt;thW
e l hj;jpl Ntz;Lk; vdf; ftpQh; gpd;tUk hW$Wfpd;whh;.

thrpf;f tU Nthhpd; tUi fiaV w;W khpahij Al d; tuNtw;f Ntz;Lk;.

m th;fs; mk h;tjw;FMrdk ; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;

m th;fs; tp Uk;Gk; E}y;fis mth;fSf;FnfhLj;jpl Ntz;Lk;

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m J g w;wp ciuj;jp l Ntz;Lk;.

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4
11.
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m Kjk; vd;gJ
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m e;j m Kjj;ijg; Ng hy
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ne Q;rkhdJ
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1 2.

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gad;fs; gw;wp N ehf;Fk; NghJ>

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G j;Jzh;thdJ cs;sj;jp y; Njh d;wp lr; nra;Ak;

k
dp jh ; md;G n ewp fh z;gjw;F to ptFj;jp Lk;

Raey k; vDk; ,Ui sg; Nghf;fpl r; n

ra;Ak;

k
f;fs; J}a;ikai le;J G Jtho;T tho;e;jpl top tFf;Fk;

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02

1.
kuk ;vd;gJ ca h;j piz

1.. ku k; vd;gJ cah;jp iz vd;gj d; M r phpa h; ah h;?

f
tp f;Nfh mg;Jy ; u`;kh d;

2.

r hpj;j pur; r h
iyapy; epi yngw;W s;s ku q;f s ;

vit nad g j;j pa hrp hpah;

$ Wfp d;w hh;?
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m
wf; Filfs;

f
hty;

kuq;fs;

Ch;g; ngh J kd;w kuq;fs;

n gh Ul;gh yp d; mj;j
h zp kz;lgq;fs;

tre;j kuq ;fs;

kd;kjdpd; mk;gw h j; J}zp fs;

fy;yhy kuq ;fs;

3.

kdp jd ; gi lj;j ku q;f s ; vit nad g j;j pa hrp hpah; $Wfp d;wh h;?

J}f;F kuq;fs;

rp Yit kuq;fs;
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fO kuq;fs;

kh kprg; gl;rpzp kuq ;fs;

n ta;ap iy cw;gj;j p nra;Ak;

kuq;fs; Kl;fis nfh z;l kuq;fs;

4.

k dpj d J tho ;f;i fapy ; ku k; vj ;ji fa Kf ;fpaj ;Jtk ; ngW fpd;w J ?

( k dpj d J gpwg ;G Kjy ; , wg;G ti u k u k; j U k ; ga d;f s;)

,g; gFjp apy;>

kdp jdJ

gp wg;G Kjyhf kdp

jdJ ,wg;G

ti uahd
fh y g;gFjp apy ; gw;gy fl;lq ;fspy; kuN k Ji z Gh pfp d;wJ

vdy h k;.
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k
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f
pog;g Utj;jpy ; Cd;W Nfhy ;

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rpi japd; Nky;

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kd pjd; Ne ha;f;F

kU e
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; jUjy ;

,yf;fpa ea tpdh tpi l .

0 5.
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,i lapy ; gj ;jp ahrp hpa

h; fhl ;Lk ;
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k
uk; vd;gJ cah ;jpiz vDk; ,g; gh lg; gFjpapy;>

kuj;jp w;Fk;
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N ehf;FNth khap d;>
kd pjD f;Fkz; GijFop > kuj;jp w;Nfh fU
tiw

kz;zpd; ike;jd; kdpjd; my;yd;> kuNk kz;zpd; ike;jd;

g pwe ;j ,l j;jpy; gw;W itj;J tuT itg;git kuq;fs;> gp we;j ,l j;j

py;

nryT itg ;gtd; kdpjd;

kuk; rha;e;jhy;fhl ;bypUe;J tPl ;Lw;F tUk;>kd pjd; rha;e;jhy;

tPl;by pUe ;J fhl;bw;Fnry;thd;

kuk; GOjp apy ;

ky h;fisAk;> fOePhpy ;fdp fisAk; jUfpd;wJ . kdp jNdh

ky h;fspy ; GOjpiaAk;>

fdp fspy; fOePiuAk; nra;fpd;whd;.

kuk; vy;yhk; nfhLg ;gj w;fhf iffis ePl ;Lfpd;wd

. kdpjNdh
thq;Ftjw;fhf iffis ePl ;Lfpd;whd;

kuk; thdj;ij Ne hf;fp tsh;fpd;wJ >

kdpjd; GOjpapy ; GuOfpd;wh d;

kuq;fspy; vy ;yhk; nfhLf;fpd;w rpg pfs;> rP jf;fhjp fs;

Mdhy; kdpj hpy;
xNuna hU rpgp xNunahU rPjf;fhjp .

0 6.

k
u k; v d;g J ca h;jp i z v d;gij t yp AWj ;j Mrp hpah ;
if ah z;l
cj ;jp fs;

v it ?

kuk; vd;gJ cah ;jpiz vDk; jd; fUj;jpi d cWjp g;gLj;jpl

gj;j pah rph pah ; gy
cj;j p fi si fah z;Ls;shh;.

jhNd fij n rhy;ypahf ,l k;ng w;wpU j;jy;

rpwpa rpwpa

trdq;fisf; nfhz;l jhf,lk;ng w;wpU j;jy;

thrfh;fis Ne hf;fp

tp dhf;fis nj hLj;J g pd; mj w;Fg jpy; $Wtj ha;

m ikjy;

gy Mjhuq;fis Kd;itj;jpU j;jy;

kd pj t ho;tpy ; kuk; ngW k; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;i Mjhuj;Jl d; $wpapU j;jy;.

kuk; ,d;wp kd pj hy; tho KbahJ vd;gij vLj;Jiuj;jy;

kuk; vd;gJ xt;nthU ,lj;jpYk; ngWk; Kf;fpaj;Jtq;fis

fh
l ;bapUj;jy;

e ifr; Rit rhh;e;jhf fU j;Jf;fis Kd;it j;jpUj;jy;

jh;f;f hPjp ahd gy fU j;Jf;fis Kd;itj;jp Uj;jy;

,yf;fpa ea tpdh tpi l .

2.
n
kd;ik Na thOk ;

1..
n kd;ikNa th O k; vDk; ,g; gFja p d; Mrp hp ah; ah h;?

ftp f;Nfh mg;Jy ; u`;khd;

2
..
tho;f;i f vd;gJ N gh uh l;lk;> ,jpy; typi kah di tNa
th Ok;.. vdf;
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l
hh;tpd;

3.

n kd;ikah ditNa eP z;l fhy k; thO k;

vdf; $wp ath; ahh ;?

f
d;
/
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rpa];

4.

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,f; $w;W ah uhy ;

ah Uf;F $wg;gl;lJ?

rPl dhy;

FU fd; /
©
rpa ];
f;F

5.
thi s cUtp atd; thsh Ny r
hth d;
>

,f; $w;iw$Wk; E}y; vJ?

i
ggp s;

6.
gh iy g; gz; to p g;gwp f; nfh s;isah ;fspd; nfhb a kdj;i jAk; khw;wp
MAjq ;fis fPN o N gh l;Ltp lr; nra;Ak;..

m. ,f; $w;W ,lk;ngWk; E}y ; vJ?

n gh Ueuh w;Wg;gi l

M.

N kw;gb E}y p d; Mrp hp ah; ah h;?

Klj;j h kf;fz;zp ah h;.

7.

N gh h;f;fsj;jp y; giftUk; mQ;Rk; vd; typi k ,e;jg; ngz;zpd; tjd

tdg;Gf;Fj; Njh w;W mop e;J tp l;lN j..

m.
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jp Uf;Fws;

M.

tj d tdg;G vd;gjd; fUj;J ah J?

Kf moF

8.

td;ikap d; ntw;wp ah J?

n kd;ikap d; ntw;wp ah J?

td;ikap
d; ntw;wp
G wta kh dJ>

n kd;ikap d; ntw;wp mftakh dJ

,yf;fpa ea tpdh tpi l .

8
9.
nk d;i kNa t hO k ; vd ;gjw;F gj ;jp a hrp hpah; Kd ;itf ;F k;
fUj ;J f;f s; v it ?

,g; gFjp apy;

ty pi k
ah dit

tp iutpy;

mop e;J nkd;ik

ah dit

ePz;l

fh y k; thO k; vDk;
n tsp g;gh l;bi dgj;j pah rph pah ; moFw
vLj;Ji uf;fpd;wh h;.

mjh tJn kd;ikNathO k; vd;gjw;fhf gy fh uzq;fis

mth; Kd;itf ;fpd;wh h ;
.

g
y ; ty pikahdJ

Mdhy; tajhy ; mJ tp Oe ;J tpL fpd;wJ

Mdhy; ehf;F
nkd;ikahdJ m J ,we ;j gpd;Dk;,Uf;fpd;wJ .
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ahdJ

Mdhy; mJ typikahd

mizfiscLj;J
tp Lfpd;wJ .

neU g;G typi kahdJ .

ePh; nkd;ikahdJ

Mdhy ; ne Ug ;igePh; mizj;J

tp Lfpd;wJ .

Gaypd hy ; ty pi kahd kuk; tpOe;J tpLfpd;wJ.

Mdhy; nkd;ikahd
e hzy; jg;gp f; nfhs;fpd ;wJ .

f
hw;W nkd;ikahdJ .

Mdhy; mJ Gay hf khwpdhy; ty

pi kahdtw;iw
rha;j;J tpLfpd;wJ.

Mdhy; fhw;W mo ptjpy;iy

t
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Ty pikahdt h;fNs Ng hU f;Fm Dg ;gg;gLfpd;wdh;.

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nkd;ikahdth;fs;
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n
fhb a kdk; gil j;jth;fisAk; nkd;ikahd ,ir jd;
trkhf;fptp Lfpd;wJ .

t
d;ikahdng hU l;fs; Ei oa Kbahjcly py ; nkd;ikahdv];Nu fjpy ;
g ha;e;J n ry;fpd;wJ .

ty pikg il j;j Mz;fisAk; nkd;ik gilj;j ng z;fs; jk; md;gpdhy;

fl;bg ;Ng hl;L tpL fpd;wdh
;.

10.

j
h d; $ w t e;j fUj ;jp id nt sp g;gL j ;j Mrp hpah; if ah z ;l
cj ;jp fs; v it ?

n
kd;ikNa eP z;l fhy k;

thO k;

vDk; jd; fUj;j pi d cWjp g;gL j;j pl

gj;j pah rph pah ; gy
cj;j p fi si fah z;Ls;shh;.

rPd e hl ;Lm wpQhpd; fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;jpU j;jy;

ciuahl y; ghq;fpid i fahz;bUj;jy ;

,y f;fpa q;fspy; ,U e;J cj huzq;fisfhl ;bapUj;jy;

t
y pikahdit kw;Wk; nkd;ika hditg w;wp xg;gPl ;L Ne hf;fpid
fhl ;bapUj;jy;

,yf;fpa ea tpdh tpi l .

t
ha ;nkhopg ; g hly ;f s;

myF
-

03

kU j;Jtpr;rp tho ;j;J

1.
kUj ;Jtp r;rp

t
ho;j ;J v d;gj d; fUj ;J a hJ ?
Foe;ij g pwg;gj w;fhf gp urtk; ghh;f;Fk; kU
j;Jt pr;rp m f; Foe;ijia jd;
iffspy ; J} f;fp mjid t ho;j;jpg; ghLk; ghly; ,J thFk;.

2.

,g ; gh lypy; kUj ;J tp r;rp apd; g ue ;j kdg ;ghq;F vt ;t hW

Gyg ;gLfpd ;w J?

,g; ghly ; thapyhf kUj ;Jtpr;rpapd; gue; j kdg;ghq ;Fgpd;tU khW

ntspg; gLfpd;wJ.

Foe;ij ia tho;j;jpg ; ghLk; Ng hJ

Foe;ijapd;
jha; je;ijah; kw;Wk;
cwtpdh;
fis $wp mth;fis

t
ho;j;Jjy;

NkYk ;
Foe;ijapd;
Rw;wj;jt h;fSk;>m ay th;fSk; thoNtz;Lk; vdg;
g hLjy;

Foe;ij ia cwTKiw $wpm iog;gjd; Cl hf kU j;Jt pr;rpa pd; gue;j

kd g;ghq;Fnt spg;gLfpd;wJ .

Foe;ij e y;y Kiwap y; tsu Ntz;L

k; vd tho;j;jpg; ghLjy;
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Foe;ij vt ;th nwy ;yhk; t ho Ntz;Lk ; vd kUj ;J tp r;rp

tp U k;Gfpd;w hs;?

k
d;d h;fSf;nfy ;yhk; kd;dd hf Foe ;ijahdJ tho Ntz;Lk; vdy;.

k
d;d h;f;Fhpa kzpKbA k; ngw;W tho Ntz;Lk; $Wjy;

f
y ;tp Nghjpf;Fk; FU Tf;Fe y;y gps;isahf tho Ntz;Lk; vd
f; $Wjy;

flT Sf;Fk; ey;y gps;isahf ,Ue;J tsu Ntz;Lk;vdg ; ghLjy ;

4
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, g; gh lypy ; fp uhkp a k z; t hri z vt;t hW fh l;l g;gl ;Ls ;s J?

f
puhkk; xd;wpd ; tho;tpa y; gz;g hl;L mk;rq;fs; ghl g;gl;bUj;jy ;

fpuhkj;j py; tho;gt h;fs; xw;Wik nfhz;lth;fshf cwT Kiwapy; gpi zg;Gf;
nfh
z;l th;fshf
thOjy;

g y cwTKiwfs; $wp miof;Fk; jd;ikfhl ;lg;gLjy;

c.k;
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m g;G> Mr; rp> khkd;> khkp> nfhg;gh;

g purtk; ghh;g;gt h;f;FghpR g; nghUl;fs; nfhLj ;jy;

c.k;
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cs;sp> ney;> mhprp> kQ;rs;

FUitAk;> ,iwtidA k; kjpf;fpd ;w> Ng hw;Wfpd;w jd ;ik fhzg ;gly;

,yf;fpa ea tpdh tpi l .

1
0

,dpJ vd
..

myF
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04

FW e;njh if g; ghl y;
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fO TW fy pq;fk; fohmJ cB,f;

Fti s cz; fz; Fa;g;

Gi f fO k

j
h d; Joe;J ml;l j Pk;G sp g; gh fh;

,dp J v d fztd; cz;ly p d;

Ez;zpj p d; kfp o;e ;jd ;W xz;Zjy; KfNd

1. ,g; gh li y g; gh bath; ah h;?

$l Y}h;fpohh;

2.
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11

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g w;wpg; gpd;tUk hW Ne
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12

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13

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14

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15

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ah J?

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fhis jhf;Ftjw; F K w;gl;lJ.

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; r pWfi j
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16

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g ae ;J>m r;rkile;J

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17

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md;d fh i yapd; Mz;ji f Msp Ak;

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18
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filg ;gpb g;gtd;.
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,yf;fpa ea tpdh tpi l .

19

,y f;Ftdd;Fzg;gz;Gfs;

,u hkd pd ; ,s ty;> ,isa r Nfhju d;

ty pik kpf ;f Nj hs;f is c il atd;

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\
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te; jt d;

M z;fsp y; r p w e;j t d;

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d; w td;

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gp w n gz;f is j d; f z;fs; n f h z; L N ehf ;f hjt d;

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n tw;w p n ghU e;j pa tP udh dt d;

gU j;j
ki y Ng hd; w n ghpa Nj hs;fi s c il atd;

t hdu kfs piu f h z hJ j d; tjd j;ij N t W gf ;fk; jpU g;g pa td ;

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,u hkgpu hid r pw pj sT $l t pl; Lg; gp hpa hj td;

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jd; jha hiu Ng hd; w jhiu ap d; Nf hy j;ij v z; zp tUe ;jpa td ;.

kfs p hp y; r p w e;j j hi ua pd; kPJ f U izA k;> ,uf;f Kk; n f h z;l td ;

, tw;i w>

Mz;jif Mop Ak; ngh d;dpd; e y;efh; tPjpapy; Gf;fdd;

e pi dAk; tPud; mt;top Ne hf;fyhd;

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gh h;f;fTk; mQ;rpdhd; mg;g U tiu mid a N jhsh

d;..

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02. fp
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N jhw;wk;
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thdu kf s ph py ; Kj d;ika hd ts;> r p wg;Gi la ts;

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t hdu tPuh;f s pd; ey dpy; mf ;fi w n f h z;l ts;.

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f hgj; ij jz pf ;f t hdu kfs pU ld; m td; tUk;
topap d; F W f ;Nf n r d; w ts;.

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,yf ;F td ; Nfhgk ; fz; L eLf ;fki l e;J g p d; Ngr j; nj hlq ;fpats ;

,yf ;F td d; Nf hgj; ij jd; ,d pikA k;> j e;j puKk h d Ngr ;rh w; wy; %yk ;
Fi wj;j ts;

jd; f z td; ,w e; j ika pd hy ;

-

j pU kq ;fy f apW Kjy pa gp w Mg uzq ;fi s

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r jhts ;.

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kpa py ; nja ;tg;n g z; Ng hd;W tps q;Fg t s;

m o f pa Njh S k;> J } a kdKk ;> eP z;;l $ e; j Yk;> eP z;l f z;f Sk; c il ats;
,ir apY k; , dpa n r hw;fi s Ail ats;

,yf;fpa ea tpdh tpi l .

20

j hiu apd;Nj hw;wk;

/
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eW k z k; tP R k; j ho ; e;J n jh q;Fk; eP z ;l $ e;ji y ci la ts;.

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.
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m jhtJ
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fp
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Lt jw ;fhf>
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,yf ;Ft d; j d; t jd j;ij NtW gf ;fk; j p U g;g p ep w;f pd; w hd;. m t;N tis m o f pa
Njh Sk ;> eP z;l f z;f Sk;> n f h z;l
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q ;fpd hs;. m ts; NgR k; Ng hJ
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m j;jd;i kia n gw; Nw h k;. c d; Dil a

gh jq;f s; vq;f s; ,Ug ;gplj ;jpy; gjpag;n g w; wj hy ;

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NtW c z;Nl h>? , t; t hW ,ir ap Yk; , dpa n r hw;fi s NgRk; j hi u ,yf ;F td dpl k;
c iu ah
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tpl; Lg; gp h pah J m t D ld; ,Ug ;g td ;. j w;Ng h J Nfhg k; n f h z; L eP tpiu thf ,q;F
tUtijf ; f z;l thdu tPuh ;fs; m r ;rk; m il e;J s;sd h;. v dN t e
P , q;F tUi f
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.

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vLj;Ji uf;fpd;whh ;.

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21

04.
Rf;f phptd ; e piy f z;L , u hkd; mi le;j N fhgk; v t;thW
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,y f;Ftd Dld ; e lhj;jp a

M Nyh rid )

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k fpo;e;j pU e;jhd;. , e; epi y fz ;l , uhk d; jd; k djpy; Nfhg k; nfh z;L g pd;tU k ;
thh ;j;i jfi s , yf;Ft ddpl k ; ciu
f;fpd;whh ;.

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k i dtp cU i kA k; ek ; cjtpahy ; ng w;whd;. mj; jd;ik i a mtd; k we;J tpl ;lh d. NkYk;
jd; ey;nyh Of;fjpypUe; Jk ; eP q ;fp m wnewpi a k we;J t pl ;lh d;.

ng wy; m Uk; jp Ug;ng w;W cj tpg ; ng U

e;j pwy; .
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K i de;jhd;. ahtw;wpY k ; Nk k;g l ;l nk a;k;ik i a ng ha;i k ahf;fpdh hd ;
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nrhw;g b el thJ jhd ; mspj;j thf ;fpi d ng ha;ahf ;fpdh d;.

ed;wp n fhd;W m Uel;g pid eh h; mW j;J .

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tho;f;i f vDk; Ng hf j;jpy; mtd; %o;fpg ; N g hA s;shd ;. mjh tJ k htP uk; ng hU e;jpa
typatdh d thy pi a j d; g hz k; nfh z;L ti jj;jtd; , uhk d;. mjd hy ; Rf;fphP td; Jauk;
eP q ;fpaJ. , oe;j muRhp i k k w;Wk; k i dtpi aA k ; fpi l f;f
g;ngw;whd ;. , j;ji fa , uhkd;
M w;wy; tP uj;ijf; fz ;Lk; , d;dKk ; Rf;fphP td; nrhd ;d nrhw;g b el f;ftp y;i yNa vd , uhk d;
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, uhk d; Nfhg k; nfh s;fp whd;. mjh tJ eP z;l fhyk ; g phpe;jpU e;j jd; k i dtp
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fpi l f;fg;ngw;wi k ahY k ;> mur RfNg hfq ;fs; fpi l f;fg;ngw;wi k ahY k ; mtw;wpy; Nkh fk;
nfh z;L jhd; m spj;j th f;fpi d k we;J tpl ;ljh fTk; , uhk d; ciuf;fpd;w hd ;.

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ci uf;fpd;whd ;.

05.
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,yf;fpa ea tpdh tpi l .

22

06.
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r pw g;Gf ;fs; gw;w p vLj;J iu f;f ?

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m o Fw ntspg;g Lj; jpA s;sh h;.

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dhs;

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,yf ;Ft did #o ; e; J n f hz;l J.

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07
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.

23

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\
;fpe;ij fhz g;gl;lJ
.

ctkhdk;

el;rj ;jpuk; epiwe;jpUe;j thd k; el;r j;jpuk; ki we;j g pd; Njh d;Wjy;

ctNkak;

thdu
q;fs; ePq;fpa g pd; ng hyptw;W tpsq;fpa fp
\
;fpe;ij ki y.
.

ng hJj;jd;i k

ng hyptp
o
j;jy;> moF m w;Wg ; Ng hjy
;

,
yf;F t dd;> fapw;wpid n fhz;bUf;F k; ahid Nghd;w t Pu Kilat d;> fl
;Lg;gh Lilat d;.

ctkhdk;

fap w;wpid nf hz;l ahi d

ctNkak;

tPuk; kpFe;j ,yf;Ftd;

ng hJj;jd;i k

tPuk
;> fl;Lg;g hL

thdu kf sph; GU tq;fs; nf hbf s; Nghd;W tps q;fpa i k

.

ctkh dk;
-

nfhb fs;

ctNk ak ;

th duk fsph; GU tq;fs;

ngh Jj;jd;ik

mo F

thdu kf sph; fh w;rpyk;G f s; Nghpi f Nghd;W xypj ;jy;

ctkhdk;

x yp nra;Ak; Ng hpi f

ctNkak;

fh w;rpyk;G
ng hJj;jd;i k

Ngnuhyp> rj;jk;

t hdu kfsph; Nt y; Nghd; w fz;fisAk;>t py; Nghd;w GUt q;fisAk; n fhz;lt h;fs
;

ctkhdk;

Nty;> tpy;

ctNkak;

thdukfsph; fz;fs;> GU tq;fs;

ng hJj;jd;i k

$h;i k> ti sT

nt z
;ikahd KO e pyT gfy; nghOjpy; xsp F iwe;J t psq;Ft ijg; Nghy jhiu apd; Kfk;
fhzg;gl;
lJ.

ctkhdk;

g fypy; thd py; Njh d;wpa KOepyh

ctNkak;

jh i uapd; Kfk;

ng hJj;jd;i k

kq;fpa m oF

,yf;fpa ea tpdh tpi l .

24

tpNtfr pe;jhkzp
e haf;fh; fhyj;jpy; vO e ;j X h; g y;Rit r hh;e ;j ,yf;fpa k ; ,JthFk ;.

ngz
;
fspd
;

mofpi d

m
jP j

fw
;
gidN ahL

th
;
zpj
;
Js
;
s

gh ly
;
fs
;

,g; g hlg;gFjpapy; ,lk ; ngw;W s;sd. mitahtd>

1. NjDfh ; tz;L k J ji d..

2. jz ;Lyh tpa jhk i u..

3. m yF ths;top M a pi o..
01.

FW tpd h

tpil

0 1.
jhd ; mi jr ; rk;G tpd; fd p vd;W

jlq;if ap y; v Lj; J K d; g h h;j; jhs ;

m. , q;F r k ;G vd; gjd; nghU s; ah J ?

eh ty; go k;

M
.

jlq
;
if

vd
;
gj d
;

f Uj
;
J

ah J
?

.
ePz ;l iff s;> t pr h y k h d f u q;fs;

0 2.
thd;cW kj pak; te; jJ v d;W v z; zp

kyh ;f;f uk; F tpAn k d; W m Q;r p

m. kj pak; vd;g jd; f U j; J ah J?

r e;j pu d;

M . kyh ;fu k; vd ; gj py; c s;s mz p ah J?

cti k
-

jh k iu ky h ; Nghd;w if

0 3.
j z;L c yhtpa j hkiug ; ng ha;i f a py;

n kh z;L eP iu Kf e ;jU F Ve; jp dhs;

m. N
kw; gb ghl y; , l k;n gw;W s; s ,yf;fpa k; v J ?
tpNtf r p e; jh kzp

M . jlh f k; vd ; gjw ; F t oq;fg; gLk; NtW nr h y; ah J?

ngha ;if > Fs k;

0 4.
m yF t hs; tpo p ahapio e d; Dj y;

jpyf q; f z ;nljp h; nr Q; r piy k hu Dk;

m. kq;if a pd; mo Fr ; r p w g;gpid Fw pg; gpLf ?

$h ;ikah d t h s ; Ngh d;w tpopf isA k;> M u h a; e; J vL f ;fg; gl;l

M guz q;f is mz p e;j ts;> m ofpa n ew ;wp ia cilat s;

M . nr Q;r piy khu d; vdg;gL gtd; ah h ;?

kd; kjd;

,yf;fpa ea tpdh tpi l .

25
0 5.
f yfNk n r a;A k
; f z; , Jt hn k d
kyuk;ig e;i jAk; i t j;J tzq;fp dhd;

m. f yfN k nr a;Ak; f z ; ,J vd; gjd; t psf;f k

; ah J ?

Fo g;g j; ij cz ;lh f ;Fk; ty; yi k nf h z ;l f z ; f s;

M . kyu k;G [e ;J k; vi t?

K y;i y> m Nr h F> ePN yhw ;gtk;> kh> jh k iu

02.

tp Ntfrp e;jh k
z p apy;> Njd ;E fh; t z ;L kJjid cz ; L
v Dk;
ghlyp y; ftp Q hp d ;fw; gid j;jp wd ; gw ;wpa nts p g;gh La hJ ?

©
f;fspy; Njid cz;L k aq ;fpf; fpl e;jd tz;Lf s;. mtw;iwf; fz;l ng z; m i j
ehtw;g ok ; vd fU jp m i jj; jd; eP z;l i fapy; vL j;Jg ; g hh;j;jhs;.

jpaq;fpNa fple ;jij f; fz;L

jhd; mij r; rk;Gtpd; fdp vd;W

jlq;ifapy; vLj;j K d; g hh;j;jhs;..

mjh tJ tz;L ehtw;f dp Ng hd ;W fh l;rpa spj; j J vd;;g J ftpQhpd; fw;g i dahFk ;.

NkY k ;> mk; kq;if apd; K fj;jpd; mofpi df; fz ;l tz;L m J thd py; cy htU k ; re;jpuDf;F
xg ;g hd J vdf; fU jp m tsJ k yu
hf pa i f Ftpe ; J %bf;nfh s;Sk ; vd vz;zp gae;J mt;
tz;l hd J g we;J Ng hdJ.

k yh;f;fuk ; FtpAnk d;W mQ;rp g; N gh dJ. ..

mjh tJ k q;if apd; fuk ; k yuhf %bf;nfhz ;lh y; jhd; mjw;Fs; mfg ;g l;L tpLN td; vdf;
fU jpa tz;L g we;J Ng h dJ vd;g Jk; ftpQhpd; f w;g i dNa.

NkY k;> mt;t hW g we;jJ

tz;Nlh > m y;yJ g oNkh vd k q;if ahd ts; ka q ;fp epd;wh shk ;. ,JTk ; ftpQhpd;
k pi fahd fw;gi dapd; ntspg ;g hNl .

0
3
.
tp Ntfrpe;j hk z p apy;>gpd ;tU k; g h ly;fsp y; kq; if apd ;fz ; m oF
th;z p f;f g;gL k; jd ; ik api
d tp s f; Ff. ?
m. j z;Lcyhtpaj h k iug;n g ha;ifapy;

, g;g hl ypy; kq ;if ahd ts; jhk i ug; ng ha;i fapy; cs;s jz;zP i u jd; i fapy; V e;jp
jd; Kfj;jUNf nfh z;L te;J g hh ;j;jhs;. mjpy; n jhpe;j jd; fz;f spd; epo i yg; g hh;j
;J
nfz;i l kP d;> nfz ;il k Pd; vdf; $wp ji u Vfpdh s;.

jz;L cyhtpa jhi ug; ngha;ifapy;

nk hz;L e Piu K fe;jUF Ve;jpdh s;.

nfz;il nfz ;il vdf; fi u Vwpdhs;..

mjh tJ> k q;if apd; fz;fs; nfz;il k P d; Ng hd;wdthk ;. nfz ;il kP d; vd;g J

eP h; epi yapy; fh zg ;g Lk; xU ti f k P dh Fk ;. m

k
; kP d; kq ;if apd; fz;fSf;F
ctk pf;
f
g ;g l;Ls; sJ.

mjh tJ
k P d; Ng hy ; kq;ifapd; fz;fSk ; Nj
hw;wk spj;jd thk ;.
k q;if jd; fz;fspd; t p k ;g j;ij
/
epoi y ePh py;
fz;L mji d cz;ik apy; nfz ;il kP d;

v
df; fU jp fi uNawpdh s; vd ftp Qh; k
q ;if apd; fz; m ofpi d

fw;gi deaj;Jld ;

th;z pf;fpd;whh ;.

M. myF ths;tpopMapio ed;Dj y;;

, g;g hl ypy; kq ;if apd; fz; m oF ,U tpjk hf th;z pf;fg ;g l;Ls; sJ. $ h;ik ahd
thi sg ; Ng hd;w tpo pfi s ci l a
ts; vd;g J K jyh tjhFk ;. ,uz;lh tJ> k q;if apd; mf ;
fz ;fs; fyfj;i j mjh tJ Fog ;g j;ij tpi stpf;f f;$ ba fz ;fs; vdf;
fU jpa fh k Njtdh k ;
k d;k jd; jd;
k yuk ;Gf s; [e;ijA k ; mts; Kd; i tj;J tzq ;fpdh d;. ,ji d>

,yf;fpa ea tpdh tpi l .

26

nrQ;rpi y k
hu D k; fyfNk nra;Ak ;

fz; ,Jthk ; vd k yuk ;G

[e ;ijAk; i tj;J tzq;fp dhd;

vDk ; g hl ybf s; njspT Wj;Jfpd;wd.

mjh tJ> k q;if apd; fz;fi sf; f z;L k d;k jNd , f;
fz ;fs; fyfj;i j nra;a f; $ bad vdf; fU jp jd; fUk;G tpy;i yA k;> ky uk;G fi sA k; mts;
K d; i tj;J tzq ;fpdh d; vdf; ftpQh; $ WtJ mjP j fw;g i dahFk;.

04.

my Ft
hs ;tpop Map io ed ;Dj y;.. vD k; gh lyp y; kd; kjd ; kyuk ;G
[e; ijAk; itj;J tz q;fpd hd ; vd ;g jp y;cs ;s rpwg;gp i d tp s f;Ff. ?

ths; Ng d;W xs p tP Rk ; fz;fi sA i l a k q;if apd; ey;y new;w pa py; cs; s jpyf j;jpd;
ng hl;L> mofpi d g hh;j;j k d;k jd; mtsJ fz ;f s; jd; k yh ; mk;Gf i s tp l fy
fj;ij
cz;l hf;f ty;y d vdf; fU jp jd; if apy; cs; s k yuk ;Gf s; [e;ijA k ; mts; Kd; i tj;J
tzq ;fpdh d;.

mjh tJ k d;kjd; fU k ;G tpy;i yf ; nfhz ;bUg;g td;. mtdpl j;jpy; K y;i y> mNrhf k ;>
jhk i u> kh > eP Nyhw;g yk ;

vDk ; [e;J ky h; fi zf s; fhz g ;g Lk;. mtw;iw nfh z;L

caph;fs pl j;jpy; fh jy;> k w;Wk ; fhk j;ij Vw;g Lj;j f; $ ba ty;y i k nfh z;ltd; k d;k jd;.
mjh tJ fy fj;ij ( ,d;g g;Ng hh;) tpi st pf;ff; $ batd; mtd;. M apDk ; , q ;F kq;if apd;
fz ;fs; mt; k yuk ;Gf is tpl fy fj;ij Vw;g Lj; j ty;y i k nfh z;
bU g;g i j fz;l k d;kjd;
jd; ky uk;G [e;ijA k; mts; Kd; i tj;J tzq ;fp dh d; vd;g J , jd; rpwg ;g hFk ;.

nrQ;rpi y k hu D k; fyfNk nra;Ak ;

fz; ,Jthk ; vd k yuk ;G

[e ;ijAk; i tj;J tzq;fp dhd;

vd;gJ g hl ybf shFk;.

05.
tpNtf rpe; jh kzpapy ; jug ;g l; l ghly; fspy ; m zp nt spg ;g h L
gw;w p v Lj;J iu f; f.?

ctikazpfs
;

thd; cW k jpak ; te;j J vd;W vz;zp..

ctkhdk;

thdpy; Nj hd;wpa re;j pu d;

ctNk
ak;

kq;if apd; Kf k;

nghJj ;jd ;ik

moF

myF ths;tpo p

th s; Ng hd ;w $ h;i k ahd fz;fi sA i l a ng z

;

ctkhdk;

ths; .

ctNkak;

kq;if apd; fz ;

nghJj ;jd ;ik

$h;i k
.

k yh;f;fuk ;

(
cU tf mzp

..

kq;if apd; if kyuhf cU tf pf;fg;gl;L s;sJ.

kyh;f ;fuk; vd;gJ kyh ; Ng hd;w f uk; vd ct ik m zpahf ng

hUe ;jpdhYk;
,g; ghlypy; f t pQh; kq ;if apd; fuq ;fis kyuhf cU tf k; nra;J s;shh ;.

,yf;fpa ea tpdh tpi l .

27

chp ik Ak ;

fl ik Ak
;

my F 08

0 1. f l;L iu a pd; Mr ph pau ; a h h;?

lhf ;lh ; K . tu ju h r d;

0 2. m d;gp d; topa J ca ph; e piy. . vdf; $Wk ; E } y; v J? m j d; Mrp hpa h; ah h;?

jpUf ; Fw s;
-

j pUt s; Sth ;

0 3 . m d;G ,y ;y hj tho ;i t ts ;S t h; vj w;F x g;g pLf pd ;wh h;?

g
h i y e py j; jp y; c s;s gl;l kuk; N ghd;w J.

0 4. ,y ;y wk ; xd;wp d; m q;f q;f s; vi t?

kf;fl; NgW> Rw ;w k; j OT jy;

0 5. c h piki a kpFj pa hf f U j p f li kia g; G wf ;f zpf ;Fk; Ngh J epfOk ; Fo g;g q;f s ;

vi t?

FL k;g j; jp y; N ghu h l;l k; M u k;g pf ; Fk;

f z td; k idt p , il Na f Uj; J NtW ghL V w ;gLk;

kf;fs ; xOf ;fj; jp ypU e; J jtW th ;

f h jy;> f w ;G K jy pat w ;wpw;F f sq;f k; cz ; lhFk;

0 6 . ch pi kAk;> fli kAk; x U ehzaj;jp d; ,U gf;fq;fs; vDk ; fUj;J vt;th W

fl ;Li uapy ; typ AWj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ ?

ehzak; vd;gJ ,U g f ;fq;fisf ; nf hz;lJ. xU gf ;fk; kl;Lk; nf hz;lj hf ehzak;

,U f ;fhJ. ,f ; f l;Liu apy;
ehzaj;j pd; ,U gf ;fq;fs; chpik k w;Wk; f lik ,ize ;jJ
vd;f pd;whh; f l; Liu ahrph p ah;. F wpg; ghf chp ikAk ; f likAk; rk ms tpy; , U f ;f Ntz;Lk;. ehk;

chpiki a kl; Lk; mj pfkh f tpUk;gp f liki a Gwf ; f zpj;jy ; $lhJ. mt;th W nra;jhy; F og;gNk
cz;lhF k;. mJ Nghy f liki a rhp ahfr; nra ;g
tNu chpi kia mD gtpf; F k; j F j p cilath ;
vd;gJ fl;Liuahr phpa hpd; f U j;J.

NkYk; chp ik ,y;yhj tho; Tk; ca puw; w th o;T N ghd;wj hFk;. f liki ag; Nghd;W rk
mstpy; Ngzg ;gl N tz; baJ chp ik. gyU k; chp ikia g; gw; wp NgRf pd; w Nghj pYk; mt h;f s;
f likia ruptu r; nra;
t
J kpf f ; F iwN t. M
f ,t;tpuz; Lk; rk m stpy; ,U f ;Fk; NghJ
tho;;f ; if KOik n gWk; Mf Nt chpikAk; f l i kAk; ehzaj;j
p
d; ,U gf ;fq;fs; vd;f pd;whh ;
Mrphpah;.

c
hpi k k w;Wk; f l ik Mf pa ,uz;ilA k; rk m stpy; Ngzpl cj tpLk; f U tpahf md;G
tpsq ;Ff pd;wJ. md;G nr Yj ;Jtj d; thapyhf c hp ik k w;Wk; f l ika p
y; r k mstpy; f tdk;
nrYj ;jpl KbAk; vd;f pd; whh; Mrph pah;.

Mf Nt tho ;tpy; ch pi kiaA k; f lik iaA k; r k Ne hf;fpy; f ilg; gp bj;j pl Ntz;Lk ;

khwhf xd ;i w ca h;j ; j p kw;i wa ij F iwt hff ; f hz;gJ ed ;i k j uhJ vd;gJ
f l;Liua hrphp aupd; fU j ;jhF k;.

0 7. ,f; fl;Liuap y; chp i k> fli k> m

d;G

Mfpat w;wp w;F

,i lap Ny

cs;s

n jh lh ;gp i d
fl;Liuap d;

Clh f

tpsf;Ff?

chpik> f li k> md;G Mf pa %d;Wk; xd ;Wld; xd ;W kpf neU q;fpa nj hlh;gp id

nf hz;bU g;g ita hFk;. Vndd py; chpik k w;Wk; f l ik Mf pa ,uz;il
A k; g yg;gLj ;Jk ; ghykhf
tpsq ;FtJ. .
md;ghFk;.

e
hk; th o;tj w ;F chpi k ,d;wp aik ahjJ.
c
hp ik ,y;yhj tho; T ca pu w;w th o;i tg ;
Nghd;wJ. mj w;fhf

chp ik cs;sJ vd;W kdk; Nghd Nghf ;fpy; tho KbahJ. chpikNa hL
Nrh;e;J ekf ;fhd f likapidA k; ehk; Mw ;w Ntz;Lk;. f liki a nr a;tj w;F chp ikNa
Jizahf mikfpd;wJ. Mf ,t; ,uz;ilAk; r k mstpy; Ngzr; nr a;t J md;G vd;f pd;whh ;
Mrphpah;.

,yf;fpa ea tpdh tpi l .

28

chp iki a cah ;thff ; f U j p f likia Gwf ;f zpj

;jhy; mt;tplj ;jpy; F o g;gk; kw ;Wk;
Kuz ;ghLf s; j iy J}f ;Fk;. Md hy; mij rPh;g; gLj ; Jk; MAj khf md;G tps q ;Ff pd;wJ. md;gpd ;
Jizapdhy; vj idA k; r hjpf ;f K bAk; vd;gJ ,j d; %y k; Gydhfpd;wJ.
m
d;G c ah; thf , U f ;Fk; ,lj;j y; chpi kf;fhd Nghuhl;lk ; ,y; iy vdTk;>
f likf;fhd N j it
Ak; F iwt hfNt fhzg;g Lk; v d;f pd;whh; Mrphp ah;.

0 8. f l;L iu apid m bg ;gi lah f f; n fh z;L gp d;tU tdt w ;iw

tp gupf ;F f?

m. FLk ;gj;j py ; je;ij ap d; chpi k kw;Wk ; fli kfs;

M. kfdp d; chpi k kw ;Wk; fli k

,. mYty fj;jp y; gzpGhpN thh p d; chp i kkw;Wk; fli k

t pi l fs;

m . FLk;gj;jpy; je;ijf;
F> ng hU s; tU tha;f;F V w;wthW cioj;jy;> FLk;gj;jpy;
KbntLj;jy; kw;Wk; FLk;gj ;ij fhg ;ghw;Wjy; vd;gd flikfshFk;

M. kfdJ fl ikfshf> ng w;NwhU f;F fl;Lg;gl;L el j;jy;> Mrphpah;f;F fPo;g;

g zpe;J fw;wy ;

,. Cjp ak; ng Wjy ;> tp LKiw ngWjy;> kU j;Jt trjp vd;gd; chpikfsh
Fk;.
fli kfshf

chpanjhopi y fl ik czh;Tld; e piwNtw;Wjy;.

vypa k ;
-

rp W
fi
j
myF0 9

0 1. v ypa k; v Dk ; rpWf ija p d; Mr ph pa h; ah h;?

ckh t
uj uh[d;

0 2. Kjy p y; n r a;a N tz;ba f hh paj ;ij f il r pa py ; nr a;j pU f ;fp d;N w hk ;.

m. , f ; $w ;W ah u h y; ah Uf ;F $w g;g l;l J?

Ny hud;]; f ij ahrphpa U f ;F

0 3 . , d;i wf ;F ,ui tf;F g hU q ;fs; K Rg;gh j;j pia ..

m. , f ; $w ;W ah u h y; ah Uf ;F $w g;g l;l J?

f ij ahrpauhy; Nyhud; Rf ;F

M . K Rg
;gh j; jp vd ;g jh y; ah J Gy g;gLfp d;w J ?

Ntbf;if > e if r;Rit a hd rk;gt k;> kfpo;r; rpahd rk;gt k;

0 4. Kjy py ; nra;jp Uf;f Nt z;ba fh hp ak; vd $wg;gl;lJ vJ?

Rw;Wr; Roiy Rj ;jkhf itj ;jpU e;j pUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ Kj ypy; nra;jp U f ;f
Ntz;ba

f hhpa k; vd f ; $wg;gl ;lJ. mj htJ

Rw;
Wr; Roy; Rj ;jkhf ,U e;jhy; vyp
Kj ypatw;w hy; nj hy;iy f s;
Vw;gl; bUf ;fhJ.
f ijapy; Rw;Wr; Roiy Kj ypy; Rj;jk; nra; ahky;
vypf is mopf ;Fk; Ka w;r p Kj ypy; Kd ;ndLf ;fg;gL f pd;wJ. mJ Nj hy;tpapy; KbaNt ,Wj papy ;
Rw;Wr; Roiy Rj ;jk; nr a;fpd;wdh;. tPl; bw;F mU f py; cs;s gw; iwf s;
> G w;f s;> f opTg; nghUl;fs ;
vd;gt w;i w m g;Gw g;g Lj ;jp Roiy Rj ;jk; nra;fpd; w hh;. ,j id Kj ypy; nr a; j pUe;jhy; vyp
apdhy;
nj hy;iyf s; Vw; gl;bUf ;f hJ vd;gJ fl; Liua py; Gy g;gLf pd; wJ.

,yf;fpa ea tpdh tpi l .

29

0 5. vy pak; vDk; rp Wfi japy; ntsp g;gLk; mq;fjr;Ri t

(ei fr; Rit czh;T)

gw;wp vLj;Ji uf;Ff?

vypak; vD k; ,r; rpWfij eifr; Rit czh;T ,ioNahL tj hf gilf;f g;gl; Ls;s J.
f ij apd; gy ,lq ;fspy; mq ;fj r; Rit Js ;S ti j f hzyhk;. vyp xd;wp i d ikakhf i tj ;Jf ;
nf hz;L mJ rhh;e;j xU f iahliy ei
f r;Rit czh;Tld; $wpa pUg;gJ Mrphpa hpd;
MSika hFk;.
vypf isg; gpbf ;fhj xU td; j d;Dil a caphp a y; gapw;rpf ;fhf vypf is ntl; b MuhAk;
Kiw
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,yf;fpa ea tpdh tpi l .

30

0 7. gp d;tU k; njh lh;fs; nt sp g;gLj;Jk; fUj;Jf;fis tp sf;Ff?

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31

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32

0 2.
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33
0 3.
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34

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35

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