Plumbing Materials
Water Supply
Copper- Known for its durability and reliability, copper is resistant to corrosion and can
handle high temperatures. It's often used in both residential and commercial plumbing.
PEX (Cross-linked Polyethylene)- PEX is flexible, easy to install, and resistant to scale
and chlorine. It's suitable for both hot and cold water supply lines.
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)- PVC is lightweight, easy to work with, and resistant to
corrosion. It's commonly used for cold water supply and drainage systems.
Galvanized Steel- Strong and durable, but prone to corrosion over time. It's often used
in older homes and for outdoor plumbing.
Sanitary Drainage
Cast Iron- Cast iron pipes are known for their strength and sound-dampening qualities,
making them ideal for sanitary drainage systems.
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)- ABS is lightweight, impact-resistant, and easy
to install. It's commonly used in residential and commercial drainage systems.
PVC- PVC is also used in sanitary drainage due to its chemical resistance and ease of
installation.
Storm Drainage
HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene)- HDPE is flexible, resistant to corrosion, and can
handle high flow rates, making it ideal for storm drainage systems.
Concrete- Concrete pipes are strong and durable, often used in large-scale drainage
systems for their ability to handle heavy loads and high flow rates.
Types of Plumbing Fittings
Elbows- Used to change the direction of the pipe, available in various angles (e.g., 90°,
45°).
Tees- Allow for branch connections, enabling the flow to split into different directions.
Couplings- Connect two pipes together, essential for repairs and extending pipe runs.
Valves- Control the flow of water, available in different types like gate valves, ball valves,
and check valves.
Plumbing Fixtures VALVES
Common Fixtures
Sinks- Available in materials like stainless steel, porcelain, and composite. Used in
kitchens, bathrooms, and utility areas.
Toilets- Different types include gravity-feed, pressure-assisted, and dual-flush. Essential
for sanitation and hygiene.
Showers- Can be standalone units or part of a bathtub. Available in various designs and
materials.
Bathtubs- Made from materials like acrylic, cast iron, and fiberglass. Available in different
styles, including freestanding and built-in.
Installation Considerations
Water Pressure- Ensure fixtures are compatible with the building's water pressure to
avoid issues like leaks or poor performance.
Space- Adequate space is necessary for installation and use, especially in bathrooms and
kitchens.
Accessibility- Considerations for users with disabilities, such as installing grab bars and
ensuring easy access to fixtures.
References
International Plumbing Code (IPC) - Chapter 7 Sanitary
Drainage](https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IPC2018/chapter-7-sanitary-drainage)
Types of Plumbing Pipes: Their Advantages, Features, and
Applications](https://whatispiping.com/types-of-plumbing-pipes/)
Elements of Plumbing -
Academia.edu](https://www.academia.edu/35006906/CHAPTER_1_ELEMENTS_OF_PLUMBIN
G)
Residential Plumbing Overview -
InterNACHI](https://www.nachi.org/documents2012/Residential_PLUMBING_Overview-
revised-July-2012.pdf)
