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Murmurs

The document provides a detailed bibliography of various heart murmurs, including their characteristics, symptoms, signs, and causes. It covers conditions such as aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, VSD, ASD, tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary stenosis, and coarctation of the aorta. Each condition is described with specific details regarding the nature of the murmur and associated clinical features.

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47 views2 pages

Murmurs

The document provides a detailed bibliography of various heart murmurs, including their characteristics, symptoms, signs, and causes. It covers conditions such as aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, VSD, ASD, tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary stenosis, and coarctation of the aorta. Each condition is described with specific details regarding the nature of the murmur and associated clinical features.

Uploaded by

dk4bpxnffy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Murmur Bibliography - Systolic

Daphne Nakakande
Murmur Bibliography - Systolic

Murmur Character Extras Symptoms Signs Causes/ RF


Aortic Stenosis C-D Ejection Systolic Radiates to carotids ‘Hypoperfusion Symptoms’: Slow rising pulse Senile calcification
Loudest in: 2nd RICS SE (not aortic sclerosis) Dyspnoea Narrow pulse pressure Bicuspid valve (Turners)
Ejection click Syncope Forceful apex beat Williams (Supravalvular)
S4 Note that it is often audible all Angina HOCM
Quiet S2 over the heart Rheumatic valve disease
Later: ‘LVF symptoms’ Later: LVF (S3, pulmonary
oedema)
Mitral Regurgitation Pansystolic Murmur Radiates to axilla ‘LVF symptoms’ AF Post MI
Loudest in: 5th LICS MC line SOBOE Displaced apex beat Any cause of LV dilation e.g. Dilated
S3 Orthopnea LVF (S3, pulmonary oedema) cardiomyopathy
PND IE
Palpitations Later: RVF (Heave + loud P2) RF
Connective tissue disorders

VSD Pansystolic Commonly asymptomatic Congenital


Loudest in: 4th LICS s SE Dyspnoea Ts21
Loud P2 In child: FTT, clubbing, Acyanotic Acquired (Post MI)

Post MI presents w/ acute onset


LHF, shock, low CO,
ASD Ejection systolic murmur Radiates to back Commonly asymptomatic O 2nd : AF
Loudest in: 2nd LICS In children: FTT, clubbing, O 1st : VSD, TR, MR
Fixed S2 split acyanotic Female
In adults in 50s: AF, CCF

Tricuspid Pansystolic Murmur Louder on inspiration RHF: ascites, oedema, fatigue, Displaced apex beat 2o to RV dilation in PHTN
Loudest in: 4th LICS SE dyspnoea, syncope, angina Raised JVP w/ giant v IE –in IVD
Regurgitation Heave
Pulsatile hepatomegaly

Pulmonary Stenosis/ C-D Ejection systolic Increased by inspiration RHF: ascites, oedema, fatigue, Heave Commonly congenital
Loudest in: 2nd LICS SE dyspnoea, syncope, angina Raised JVP TOF
TOF Fixed S2 split Noonan’s, Williams, Alagilles
Ejection Click TOF Cyanotic but not
immeadiately at birth
‘Tet’ hypercyanotic spells relieved
by squatting

Coarctation of the Loud systolic murmur (it’s Radiates to the back Berry aneurysms Radio-Radial Delay Turners
basically AS) Headaches Arm > leg BP Male
Aorta L SE Claudication/ cyanosis of legs Poor leg pulses diGeorges
Visible scapula collaterals Resistant HTN in young
Notching on ribs 3-9

Daphne Nakakande

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