Table of Contents

Table of Contents 1
Contributors 8
1 Algorithms (63) 10
1.1 Algorithm Design Technique (5) 10
1.2 Asymptotic Notation (1) 11
1.3 Binary Search (2) 11
1.4 Decision Table (1) 12
1.5 Dijkstras Algorithm (2) 12
1.6 Graph Algorithms (3) 12
1.7 Hashing (3) 13
1.8 Huffman Code (1) 14
1.9 Identify Function (6) 14
1.10 Linear Probing (3) 16
1.11 Machine Learning (1) 17
1.12 Master Theorem (1) 17
1.13 Matrix Chain Ordering (1) 17
1.14 Merge Sort (3) 17
1.15 Minimum Spanning Tree (1) 18
1.16 Non Gatecse (1) 18
1.17 P NP NPC NPH (2) 18
1.18 Quick Sort (1) 19
1.19 Recurrence Relation (5) 19
1.20 Relations (1) 20
1.21 Searching (2) 20
1.22 Sorting (11) 21
1.23 Symbol Table (1) 23
1.24 Time Complexity (3) 23
Answer Keys 24
2 Artificial Intelligence (3) 25
2.1 Neural Network (2) 25
2.2 Non Gatecse (1) 25
Answer Keys 25
3 CO and Architecture (116) 26
3.1 8085 Microprocessor (8) 26
3.2 Addressing Modes (11) 28
3.3 Analog Signal (1) 30
3.4 CO and Architecture (27) 30
3.5 Cache Memory (12) 37
3.6 Cpu (2) 39
3.7 DMA (1) 39
3.8 Disk (1) 40
3.9 Floating Point Representation (2) 40
3.10 IO Handling (6) 41
3.11 Instruction Format (5) 42
3.12 Interrupts (3) 43
3.13 Machine Instruction (3) 44
3.14 Memory Interfacing (9) 45
3.15 Memory Management (1) 46
3.16 Microprocessors (3) 46
3.17 Microprogramming (1) 47
3.18 Non Gatecse (1) 47
3.19 Parallel Programming (1) 47
3.20 Pipelining (12) 48
3.21 Registers (2) 50
3.22 Runtime Environment (1) 51
Answer Keys 51
4 Compiler Design (41) 53
4.1 Assembler (2) 53
4.2 Code Optimization (9) 53
4.3 Compilation Phases (1) 55
 4.4 Compiler tokenization (1) 56
4.5 Context Free Grammar (1) 56
4.6 Expression Evaluation (1) 56
4.7 Grammar (5) 56
4.8 Intermediate Code (2) 58
4.9 Lexical Analysis (2) 58
4.10 Operator Grammar (1) 59
4.11 Operator Precedence (1) 59
4.12 Parameter Passing (2) 59
4.13 Parsing (8) 60
4.14 Runtime Environment (1) 62
4.15 Symbol Table (1) 62
4.16 Variable Binding (1) 62
Answer Keys 62
5 Computer Networks (153) 64
5.1 Application Layer Protocols (1) 73
5.2 CRC Polynomial (4) 73
5.3 CSMA CD (2) 74
5.4 Communication (7) 74
5.5 Cryptography (7) 75
5.6 Distance Vector Routing (1) 77
5.7 Dns (2) 77
5.8 Encoding (2) 77
5.9 Error Correction (2) 78
5.10 Error Detection (3) 78
5.11 Ethernet (6) 79
5.12 Firewall (1) 80
5.13 Huffman Code (1) 80
5.14 IP Addressing (2) 80
5.15 IP Packet (3) 80
5.16 Inter Process Communication (1) 81
5.17 Ipv6 (1) 81
5.18 LAN Technologies (1) 81
5.19 Link State Routing (1) 82
5.20 MAC Protocol (4) 82
5.21 Network Layer (2) 83
5.22 Network Layering (3) 83
5.23 Network Protocols (9) 83
5.24 Network Security (13) 85
5.25 Network topologies (2) 87
5.26 Out of Gatecse Syllabus (1) 88
5.27 Routers Bridge Hubs Switches (2) 88
5.28 Routing (2) 88
5.29 Sliding Window (3) 89
5.30 Slotted Aloha (1) 89
5.31 Stop and Wait (1) 90
5.32 Subnetting (11) 90
5.33 Supernetting (1) 92
5.34 TCP (6) 92
5.35 Token Ring (1) 93
5.36 Transport Layer (1) 93
5.37 Wifi (1) 94
5.38 Wireless Networks (1) 94
Answer Keys 94
6 Data Mining and Warehousing (2) 96
6.1 Knowledge Representation (2) 96
Answer Keys 96
7 Databases (78) 97
7.1 B Tree (6) 98
7.2 Candidate Key (1) 100
7.3 Database Normalization (12) 100
7.4 ER Diagram (5) 102
7.5 File System (6) 103
 7.6 Functional Dependency (1) 104
7.7 Indexing (6) 105
7.8 Rdbms (2) 106
7.9 Referential Integrity (2) 106
7.10 Relational Algebra (4) 107
7.11 Relational Model (2) 108
7.12 SQL (13) 108
7.13 Transaction and Concurrency (12) 112
Transaction 113
Answer Keys 116
8 Digital Logic (178) 117
8.1 Adder (7) 131
8.2 Asynchronous Circuit (1) 133
8.3 Bcd (1) 133
8.4 Boolean Algebra (20) 133
8.5 Booths Algorithm (1) 137
8.6 CO and Architecture (1) 138
8.7 Canonical Normal Form (2) 138
8.8 Circuit Output (14) 138
8.9 Combinational Circuit (2) 142
8.10 Decoder (1) 143
8.11 Digital Circuits (3) 143
8.12 Digital Counter (3) 144
8.13 Flip Flop (10) 145
8.14 Floating Point Representation (3) 147
8.15 Functional Completeness (2) 147
8.16 Gray Code (1) 148
8.17 Hazards (1) 148
8.18 IEEE Representation (3) 148
8.19 K Map (1) 149
8.20 Matrix Chain Ordering (1) 149
8.21 Memory Interfacing (2) 149
8.22 Min No Gates (2) 150
8.23 Multiplexer (5) 150
8.24 Number Representation (27) 151
8.25 Number System (1) 156
8.26 Pla (1) 156
8.27 Sequential Circuit (4) 157
8.28 Shift Registers (2) 158
Answer Keys 159
9 Discrete Mathematics: Combinatory (2) 161
9.1 Counting (1) 161
9.2 Process Scheduling (1) 161
Answer Keys 161
10 Discrete Mathematics: Graph Theory (18) 162
10.1 Degree of Graph (1) 162
10.2 Euler Graph (2) 162
10.3 Graph Coloring (1) 163
10.4 Graph Connectivity (10) 163
10.5 Graph Planarity (1) 165
Answer Keys 165
11 Discrete Mathematics: Mathematical Logic (6) 166
11.1 Boolean Algebra (1) 166
11.2 First Order Logic (2) 166
11.3 Propositional Logic (1) 167
Answer Keys 167
12 Discrete Mathematics: Set Theory & Algebra (14) 168
12.1 Abelian Group (1) 168
12.2 Equivalence Class (1) 168
12.3 Functions (2) 169
12.4 Group Theory (1) 169
12.5 Relations (2) 169
 12.6 Set Theory (4) 170
Answer Keys 170
13 Engineering Mathematics: Calculus (28) 171
13.1 Area (1) 174
13.2 Definite Integral (1) 175
13.3 Differentiation (2) 175
13.4 Functions (1) 175
13.5 Integration (2) 175
13.6 Limits (2) 176
13.7 Maxima Minima (2) 176
13.8 Vector Calculus (1) 176
Answer Keys 177
14 Engineering Mathematics: Linear Algebra (71) 178
14.1 Determinant (4) 189
14.2 Eigen Value (5) 189
14.3 Functions (1) 191
14.4 Geometry (2) 191
14.5 Matrix (11) 192
14.6 Rank of Matrix (1) 194
14.7 System of Equations (1) 194
14.8 Vector Space (1) 194
Answer Keys 195
15 Engineering Mathematics: Probability (34) 196
15.1 Arithmetic Mean (1) 196
15.2 Conditional Probability (4) 196
15.3 Expectation (1) 197
15.4 Mean Mode Median (1) 197
15.5 Normal Distribution (1) 197
15.6 Poisson Distribution (1) 198
15.7 Probability (20) 198
15.8 Probability Density Function (1) 203
15.9 Random Variable (1) 203
15.10 Standard Deviation (1) 203
Answer Keys 204
16 General Aptitude: Analytical Aptitude (1) 205
16.1 Sequence Series (1) 205
Answer Keys 205
17 General Aptitude: Quantitative Aptitude (4) 206
17.1 Geometry (1) 206
17.2 Inequality (1) 206
17.3 LCM HCF (1) 206
17.4 Summation (1) 206
Answer Keys 206
18 Non GATE CSE: Cloud Computing (1) 207
18.1 Cloud Computing (1) 207
Answer Keys 207
19 Non GATE CSE: Computer Graphics (9) 208
19.1 Computer Graphics (7) 208
19.2 Shading (1) 209
19.3 Unix (1) 209
Answer Keys 209
20 Non GATE CSE: Computer Peripherals (6) 210
20.1 Computer Peripherals (5) 210
20.2 Ieee1394 (1) 210
Answer Keys 211
21 Non GATE CSE: Digital Image Processing (4) 212
21.1 Digital Image Processing (3) 212
21.2 Image Compression (1) 212
Answer Keys 212
22 Non GATE CSE: Digital Signal Processing (1) 213
22.1 Semiconductor (1) 213
 Answer Keys 213
23 Non GATE CSE: Distributed Computing (1) 214
23.1 Distributed Computing (1) 214
Answer Keys 214
24 Non GATE CSE: Geometry (4) 215
24.1 Circle (1) 215
24.2 Geometry (3) 215
Answer Keys 216
25 Non GATE CSE: Integrated Circuits (4) 217
25.1 Integrated Circuits (4) 217
Answer Keys 217
26 Non GATE CSE: IS&Software Engineering (50) 218
26.1 Cmm Model (1) 218
26.2 Cyclomatic Complexity (6) 218
26.3 Is&software Engineering (23) 220
26.4 Out of Gatecse Syllabus (1) 224
26.5 Project Cost (1) 224
26.6 Software Coupling (1) 224
26.7 Software Metrics (1) 225
26.8 Software Productivity (1) 225
26.9 Software Reliability (1) 225
26.10 Software Testing (10) 225
26.11 Spiral Model (1) 227
26.12 Uml (3) 227
Answer Keys 228
27 Non GATE CSE: Java (6) 229
27.1 Java (6) 229
Answer Keys 230
28 Non GATE CSE: Multimedia (2) 231
28.1 Multimedia (2) 231
Answer Keys 231
29 Non GATE CSE: Numerical Methods (9) 232
29.1 Guass Seidal Iterative Method (1) 232
29.2 Interpolation (1) 232
29.3 Newton Raphson (1) 232
29.4 Numerical Methods (4) 232
29.5 Polynomials (1) 233
Answer Keys 233
30 Non GATE CSE: Object Oriented Programming (10) 234
30.1 Copy Constructor (1) 234
30.2 Java (1) 234
30.3 Object Oriented Programming (6) 234
30.4 Operator Overloading (1) 236
30.5 Virtual Function (1) 236
Answer Keys 236
31 Non GATE CSE: Others (3) 237
31.1 Rs232 (1) 237
Answer Keys 237
32 Non GATE CSE: Web Technologies (10) 238
32.1 Html (4) 238
32.2 Javascript (1) 238
32.3 Web Technologies (3) 238
32.4 Xml (2) 239
Answer Keys 239
33 Operating System (146) 240
33.1 Bankers Algorithm (1) 245
33.2 Concurrency (1) 245
33.3 Context Switch (1) 245
33.4 Critical Section (1) 245
33.5 Deadlock Prevention Avoidance Detection (3) 245
33.6 Disk (11) 246
 33.7 Disk Scheduling (2) 248
33.8 File System (1) 249
33.9 Fork System Call (4) 249
33.10 Fragmentation (1) 250
33.11 IO Devices (1) 250
33.12 IO Handling (3) 250
33.13 Interrupts (1) 251
33.14 Macros (1) 251
33.15 Memory Management (6) 251
33.16 Multilevel Paging (1) 253
33.17 Mutual Exclusion (2) 253
33.18 Page Replacement (12) 253
33.19 Pipes (1) 255
33.20 Process (7) 256
33.21 Process Scheduling (22) 257
33.22 Process Synchronization (7) 262
33.23 Realtime Systems (1) 263
33.24 Resource Allocation (10) 264
33.25 Runtime Environment (1) 266
33.26 Segmentation (2) 266
33.27 Semaphore (6) 267
33.28 Thrashing (1) 268
33.29 Threads (3) 268
33.30 Unix (1) 269
33.31 Virtual Memory (9) 269
Answer Keys 271
34 Others: Others (1) 273
Answer Keys 273
35 Programming and DS: DS (59) 274
35.1 AVL Tree (3) 275
35.2 Array (2) 275
35.3 Binary Heap (2) 276
35.4 Binary Search Tree (8) 276
35.5 Binary Tree (5) 278
35.6 Data Structures (3) 279
35.7 Infix Prefix (5) 280
35.8 Linked List (9) 281
35.9 Priority Queue (1) 283
35.10 Queue (1) 283
35.11 Stack (6) 284
35.12 Tree (3) 285
35.13 Tree Traversal (4) 285
Answer Keys 287
36 Programming: Programming in C (63) 288
36.1 Activation Record (1) 290
36.2 Array (4) 290
36.3 Array of Pointers (1) 291
36.4 Functions (2) 291
36.5 Identify Function (1) 292
36.6 Loop (7) 292
36.7 Loop Invariants (1) 295
36.8 Macros (2) 295
36.9 Non Gatecse (3) 295
36.10 Object Oriented Programming (1) 296
36.11 Output (5) 297
36.12 Parameter Passing (1) 298
36.13 Pointers (7) 299
36.14 Programming In C (7) 301
36.15 Recursion (3) 303
36.16 Runtime Environment (3) 303
36.17 Semantic Analysis (1) 304
36.18 Structure (2) 304
36.19 Undefined Behaviour (1) 305
 36.20 Union (1) 305
Answer Keys 305
37 Theory of Computation (38) 307
37.1 Closure Property (2) 308
37.2 Context Free Grammar (3) 309
37.3 Context Free Language (3) 309
37.4 Context Sensitive (1) 310
37.5 Finite Automata (5) 310
37.6 Grammar (3) 312
37.7 Identify Class Language (2) 312
37.8 Minimal State Automata (1) 313
37.9 Pushdown Automata (1) 313
37.10 Recursive and Recursively Enumerable Languages (2) 313
37.11 Regular Expression (3) 314
37.12 Regular Language (3) 314
37.13 Turing Machine (2) 315
Answer Keys 316
38 Unknown Category (1) 317
Answer Keys 317
Contributors
User
, Answers User
Added User
Done
Arjun 1404, 35 VIPIN NARAYAN 280 Lakshman Patel 397
Suresh GO 274 Arjun 298
shekhar 778, 59 Editor Suresh
chauhan Arjun 89 Naveen Kumar 164
Manoj Kumar 572, 50 Suresh srestha 98
Rajarshi Sarkar 457, 9 Misbah Ghaya 80 Manoj Kumar 85
Kapil Phulwani 426, 40 gatecse 78 Misbah Ghaya 67
Pooja Palod 411, 13 Satbir 78 GO 49
Leen Sharma 394, 32 Singh Editor
Gate Keeda 349, 7 Kathleen 76 Desert_Warrior 46
srestha 345, 37 Bankson Jeet 40
Akash Kanase 343, 6 ajit 61 kenzou 35
VIPIN NARAYAN 297, 38 Desert_Warrior 35 Prashant 31
Digvijay 272, 10 admin 33 Singh
Akhil Nadh PC 261, 3 Rucha 10 Sabiha 29
Anu 244, 3 Shelke banu
Vikrant 237, 3 Ishrat Jahan 10 Kapil Phulwani 26
Singh Anuanu 7 soujanyareddy13 24
sanjay 221, 25 sourav. 7 VIPIN NARAYAN 24
Akash Dinkar 217, 18 Isha Gupta 7 Hira 23
Dexter 214, 17 jaiganeshcse94 6 Milicevic3306 23
Rakesh P Kumar 200, 1 jenny101 6 Rahul Lalitkumar Jain 22
Desert_Warrior 194, 8 Manoj Kumar 6 Leen Sharma 22
Amar Vashishth 193, 4 shivanisrivarshini 5 sourav. 20
minal 184, 4 junaid ahmad 5 Anu 20
Mangilal Saraswat 168, 13 asutosh kumar Biswal 5 naga praveen 17
(Mars) SUSHMA SINGH 4 deepthi 14
Jeet 164, 32 Anu 3 Praveen Saini 13
shivanisrivarshini 161, 17 kvkumar 3 Pooja Khatri 11
Muktinath Vishwakarma 158, 9 Taymiyyah Bhat 3 Soumya Jain 9
Anurag Semwal 150, 2 srestha 3 Muktinath Vishwakarma 8
Dhananjay Kumar Sharma 134, 10 shivanisrivarshini 8
asutosh kumar Biswal 128, 11 Samujjal Das 8
Bhagirathi Nayak 122, 3 Pavan 7
Ankit Rokde 120, 2 Singh
Vidhi Sethi 112, 9 vamsi2376 7
Ashwani Kumar 111, 18 Sujith 7
naga praveen 111, 20 2018 6
jayendra 108, 2 gatecse 6
Pranabesh Ghosh 107, 9 pawan sahu 6
Sankaranarayanan P.N 106, 3 Manu Thakur 5
Danish 103, 1 asutosh kumar Biswal 5
Manu Thakur 99, 1 Anu007 5
Rajesh Pradhan 96, 6 sanjay 5
Prashant 96, 7 Satbir 5
Singh Singh
neha pawar 94, 2 Akhil Nadh PC 5
Mithlesh 94, 2 Ramayya 5
Upadhyay shekhar 5
kvkumar 93, 13 chauhan
gate_asp 90, 1 Deepak Poonia 4
Arpit Dhuriya 82, 2 Dhananjay Kumar Sharma 4
Shobhit 80, 1 Shubham Sharma 4
Prasanna Ranganathan 78, 1 Gaurav Sharma 4
Rahul Lalitkumar Jain 77, 43
Shashank Kumar 74, 1
Prateek 73, 1
Arora
Himanshu Agarwal 72, 1
IgnitorSandeep 68, 1
Sambit Kumar 68, 7
Soumya Jain 67, 6
abhishek kumar 67, 13
Kalpna Bhargav 64, 1
Ravi 64, 5
Singh
Vicky Bajoria 62, 1
sonveer 61, 11
tomar
Ashish Patel 59, 1
rameshbabu 59, 7
Umang Raman 58, 6
anshu 56, 2
Happy Mittal 55, 1
Sourav Roy 55, 1
"Shrowd" 55, 4
Prateek Dwivedi 54, 3
vamsi2376 53, 5
paradox 53, 5
gshivam63 45, 3
Keith Kr 44, 1
Shubham Sharma 44, 23
Praveen Saini 43, 3
Krishanveer Gangwar 42, 4
pawan sahu 42, 6
dd 42, 7
Tuhin Dutta 41, 8
sumit kumar singh dixit 39, 1
ranjan621 39, 1
habedo007 39, 7
Ankesh Gautam 38, 1
Catalan 1920 38, 2
sanjeev_zerocode 37, 1
Achintya Desai 36, 2
Pranay Datta 35, 2
ANKUR MAHIWAL 34, 1
Mojo Jojo 34, 2
Gate_15_isHere 33, 1
REGGIE S 33, 4
ponagraj 31, 1
Jithin Jayan 31, 2
gatecse 29, 1
1 Algorithms (63)

1.0.1 ISRO-DEC2017-20

Match the following and choose the correct answer for the order

A. a-r, b-s, c-p, d-q B. a-r, b-p, c-s, d-q

C. a-q, b-s, c-p, d-r D. a-s, b-p, c-q, d-r
isrodec2017 algorithms

Answer key ☟

1.0.2 ISRO-DEC2017-44

A sorting technique is called stable if

A. If it takes time.
B. It uses divide and conquer technique.
C. Relative order of occurrence of non-distinct elements is maintained.
D. It takes space.

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

1.1 Algorithm Design Technique (5)

1.1.1 Algorithm Design Technique: GATE CSE 1994 | Question: 1.19, ISRO2016-31

Algorithm design technique used in quicksort algorithm is?

A. Dynamic programming B. Backtracking

C. Divide and conquer D. Greedy method
gate1994 algorithms algorithm-design-technique quick-sort easy isro2016

Answer key ☟

1.1.2 Algorithm Design Technique: GATE CSE 1998 | Question: 1.21, ISRO2008-16

Which one of the following algorithm design techniques is used in finding all pairs of shortest distances in
a graph?

A. Dynamic programming B. Backtracking

C. Greedy D. Divide and Conquer
gate1998 algorithms algorithm-design-technique easy isro2008

Answer key ☟

1.1.3 Algorithm Design Technique: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 55

Selection sort algorithm design technique is an example of

A. Greedy method B. Divide-and-conquer

 C. Dynamic Programming D. Backtracking
isro2007 algorithms algorithm-design-technique easy

Answer key ☟

1.1.4 Algorithm Design Technique: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 66

Which of the following algorithm design technique is used in merge sort?

A. Greedy method B. Backtracking

C. Dynamic programming D. Divide and Conquer
isro2011 algorithms algorithm-design-technique merge-sort

Answer key ☟

1.1.5 Algorithm Design Technique: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 16

The following paradigm can be used to find the solution of the problem in minimum time:
Given a set of non-negative integer and a value , determine if there is a subset of the given set with sum
equal to :

a. Divide and Conquer b. Dynamic Programming

c. Greedy Algorithm d. Branch and Bound
isro2018 algorithm-design-technique algorithms

Answer key ☟

1.2 Asymptotic Notation (1)

1.2.1 Asymptotic Notation: ISRO-DEC2017-18

Consider the recurrence equation

Then is (in order)

A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017 recurrence-relation asymptotic-notation

Answer key ☟

1.3 Binary Search (2)

1.3.1 Binary Search: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 59

The time taken by binary search algorithm to search a key in a sorted array of elements is

A. B.
C. D.
isro2007 algorithms binary-search time-complexity

Answer key ☟

1.3.2 Binary Search: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 28

Suppose there are items in sorted order in an array. How many searches are required on the average, if
binary search is employed and all searches are successful in finding the item?

A.
B.
C.
D.
 algorithms binary-search isro2014

Answer key ☟

1.4 Decision Table (1)

1.4.1 Decision Table: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 69

A rule in a limited entry decision table is a

A. row of the table consisting of condition entries

B. row of the table consisting of action entries
C. column of the table consisting of condition entries and the corresponding action entries
D. columns of the table consisting of conditions of the stub

isro2007 algorithms decision-table

Answer key ☟

1.5 Dijkstras Algorithm (2)

1.5.1 Dijkstras Algorithm: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 80

Djikstra’s algorithm is used to

A. Create LSAs B. Flood an internet with information

C. Calculate the routing tables D. Create a link state database
isro2007 algorithms graph-algorithms shortest-path dijkstras-algorithm

Answer key ☟

1.5.2 Dijkstras Algorithm: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 20

Match the following:

(A) Floyd (i) shortest path between two
Warshall vertices
(B) Dijkstra (ii) single source shortest path
(C) Kruskal's (iii) Minimum spanning tree
(D) Bellman (iv) solving all pair shortest
ford path

A. (A)-(iii), (B)-(ii), (C)-(iv), (D)-(i) B. (A)-(iv), (B)-(i), (C)-(iii), (D)-(ii)

C. (A)-(i), (B)-(ii), (C)-(iii), (D)-(iv) D. (A)-(i), (B)-(ii), (C)-(iii), (D)-(iv)
isro-cse-2023 minimum-spanning-tree dijkstras-algorithm

1.6 Graph Algorithms (3)

1.6.1 Graph Algorithms: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 17

Which of the following data structure is useful in traversing a given graph by breadth first search?

A. Stack B. Queue C. List D. None of the above

isro2017 data-structures graph-algorithms breadth-first-search easy

Answer key ☟
 1.6.2 Graph Algorithms: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 76

Which of the following algorithms solves the all pair shortest path problem?

A. Prim's algorithm B. Dijkstra's algorithm

C. Bellman ford algorithm D. Floyd warshalls algorithm
isro2017 algorithms graph-algorithms

Answer key ☟

1.6.3 Graph Algorithms: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 33

Which of the following is application of Breath First Search on the graph?

A. Finding diameter of the graph B. Finding bipartite graph

C. Both (a) and (b) D. None of the above
isro2018 graph-algorithms breadth-first-search algorithms

Answer key ☟

1.7 Hashing (3)

1.7.1 Hashing: GATE CSE 1989 | Question: 1-vii, ISRO2015-14

A hash table with ten buckets with one slot per bucket is shown in the following figure. The symbols to
initially entered using a hashing function with linear probing. The maximum number of comparisons
needed in searching an item that is not present is

A. B. C. D.
hashing isro2015 gate1989 algorithms normal

Answer key ☟

1.7.2 Hashing: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 24

In linear hashing, if blocking factor , loading factor and file buckets are known, the number of
records will be
A. B.
C. D.
isro-2020 algorithms hashing normal

Answer key ☟

1.7.3 Hashing: ISRO-DEC2017-50

The characters of the string are inserted into a hash table of the size of size using
a hash function

If linear probing is used to resolve collisions, then the following insertion causes the collision
 A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017 hashing easy

Answer key ☟

1.8 Huffman Code (1)

1.8.1 Huffman Code: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 34

Huffman tree is constructed for the following data : with frequency

respectively. is decoded as

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 algorithms huffman-code normal

Answer key ☟

1.9 Identify Function (6)

1.9.1 Identify Function: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 23

Study the following program

//precondition: x>=0
public void demo(int x)
{
System.out.print(x % 10);
if (x % 10 != 0)
{
demo(x/10);
}
System.out.print(x%10);
}

Which of the following is printed as a result of the call demo ?

A. B. C. D.
isro2007 algorithms identify-function

Answer key ☟

1.9.2 Identify Function: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 69

What is the value of using the following procedure:

function F(K : integer)
integer;
begin
if (k<3) then F:=k else F:=F(k-1)*F(k-2)+F(k-3)
end;

A. B. C. D.
isro2008 algorithms recursion identify-function

Answer key ☟

1.9.3 Identify Function: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 40

Consider the following pseudocode

x:=1;
i:=1;
while ( x <= 500)
begin
x:=2^x;
 i:=i+1;
end

What is the value of at the end of the pseudocode?

A. B. C. D.
isro2011 algorithms identify-function

Answer key ☟

1.9.4 Identify Function: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 12

An array consists of integers in locations . It is required to shift the elements of

the array cyclically to the left by places, where . An incomplete algorithm for doing
this in linear time, without using another array is given bellow. Complete the algorithm by filling in the blanks.
min=n; i=0;
while(_________) {
temp= A[i]; j=i;
while(_________) {
A[j]= _______;
j=(j+k) mod n;
if(j<min) then
min = j;
}
A[(n+i-k) mod n]=_______;
i=________;

isro2018 algorithms identify-function

Answer key ☟

1.9.5 Identify Function: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 7

Assume and are non-zero positive integers. The following code segment:
while(A!=B){
if*(A> B)
A -= B;
else
B -= A;
}
cout<<A; // printing the value of A

a. Computes the of two numbers b. Divides the larger number by the smaller number
c. Computes the of two numbers d. Finds the smaller of two numbers
isro2018 algorithms identify-function

Answer key ☟

1.9.6 Identify Function: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 72

Consider the following C code segment

int f(int x)
{
if(x<1) return 1;
else return (if(x-1)+g(x));
}
int g(int x)
 {
if(x<2) return 2;
else return (if(x-1)+g(x/2));
}

Of the following, which best describes the growth of as a function of ?

a. Linear b. Exponential c. Quadratic d. Cubic

isro2018 algorithms identify-function time-complexity

Answer key ☟

1.10 Linear Probing (3)

1.10.1 Linear Probing: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 64

Consider a 13 element hash table for which f(key)=key mod 13 is used with integer keys. Assuming linear
probing is used for collision resolution, at which location would the key 103 be inserted, if the keys 661,
182, 24 and 103 are inserted in that order?

A. 0 B. 1 C. 11 D. 12
isro2014 hashing linear-probing

Answer key ☟

1.10.2 Linear Probing: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 29

A Hash Function defined as . With linear probing while inserting the keys
into a table indexed from , in which location key will be stored (Count table
index as location)?

A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
hashing isro2016 linear-probing

Answer key ☟

1.10.3 Linear Probing: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 36

A hash table with buckets with one slot pet per bucket is depicted here. The symbols, to are
initially entered using a hashing function with linear probing. The maximum number of comparisons
needed in searching an item that is not present is

A. B. C. D.
isro2018 algorithms hashing linear-probing

Answer key ☟
1.11 Machine Learning (1)

1.11.1 Machine Learning: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 16

Which of the following clustering technique is used by K- Means Algorithm:

A. Hierarchical Technique B. Partitional technique
C. Divisive D. Agglomerative

isro-cse-2023 non-gatecse machine-learning

Answer key ☟

1.12 Master Theorem (1)

1.12.1 Master Theorem: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 21

The master theorem

A. assumes the subproblems are unequal sizes

B. can be used if the subproblems are of equal size
C. cannot be used for divide and conquer algorithms
D. cannot be used for asymptotic complexity analysis

isro-2020 algorithms master-theorem easy

Answer key ☟

1.13 Matrix Chain Ordering (1)

1.13.1 Matrix Chain Ordering: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 79

Consider product of three matrices and having rows and columns, rows and columns,
and rows and columns. Under what condition will it take less time to compute the product as
than to compute ?
A. Always take the same time B.
C. D.
isro-2020 algorithms matrix-chain-ordering normal

Answer key ☟

1.14 Merge Sort (3)

1.14.1 Merge Sort: GATE CSE 1999 | Question: 1.14, ISRO2015-42

If one uses straight two-way merge sort algorithm to sort the following elements in ascending order:

then the order of these elements after second pass of the algorithm is:

A.
B.
C.
D.

gate1999 algorithms merge-sort normal isro2015 sorting

Answer key ☟
 1.14.2 Merge Sort: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 58

The average case and worst case complexities for Merge sort algorithm are

A. B.
C. D.
isro2007 algorithms sorting merge-sort

Answer key ☟

1.14.3 Merge Sort: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 35

Given two sorted list of size and respectively. The number of comparisons needed the worst case by
the merge sort algorithm will be:
A. B. maximum of and
C. minimum of and D.
isro2018 algorithms merge-sort

Answer key ☟

1.15 Minimum Spanning Tree (1)

1.15.1 Minimum Spanning Tree: ISRO2015-41

The number of spanning trees for a complete graph with seven vertices is

A. B. C. D.
isro2015 algorithms minimum-spanning-tree

Answer key ☟

1.16 Non Gatecse (1)

1.16.1 Non Gatecse: ISRO-2017

Let S be an NP-complete problem.Q and R are other two problems not known to be NP.Q is polynomial
time reducible to S and S is polynomial time reducible to R.Which of the following statements is true ?

A) R is NP-complete

B) R is NP-hard

C) Q is NP-complete

D) Q is NP-hard
isro2017 non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

1.17 P NP NPC NPH (2)

1.17.1 P NP NPC NPH: GATE CSE 2004 | Question: 30, ISRO2017-10

The problem and are

A. both in B. both complete
C. -complete and in respectively D. undecidable and complete respectively
gatecse-2004 algorithms p-np-npc-nph easy isro2017 out-of-gatecse-syllabus

Answer key ☟
 1.17.2 P NP NPC NPH: GATE CSE 2006 | Question: 16, ISRO-DEC2017-27

Let S be an NP-complete problem and Q and R be two other problems not known to be in NP. Q is
polynomial time reducible to S and S is polynomial-time reducible to R. Which one of the following
statements is true?

A. R is NP-complete B. R is NP-hard
C. Q is NP-complete D. Q is NP-hard
gatecse-2006 algorithms p-np-npc-nph normal isrodec2017 out-of-gatecse-syllabus

Answer key ☟

1.18 Quick Sort (1)

1.18.1 Quick Sort: ISRO2015-12

A machine needs a minimum of sec to sort names by quick sort. The minimum time needed to
sort names will be approximately

A. sec B. sec C. sec D. sec

isro2015 algorithms quick-sort

Answer key ☟

1.19 Recurrence Relation (5)

1.19.1 Recurrence Relation: GATE CSE 1994 | Question: 1.7, ISRO2017-14

The recurrence relation that arises in relation with the complexity of binary search is:
A. B.
C. D.
gate1994 algorithms recurrence-relation easy isro2017

Answer key ☟

1.19.2 Recurrence Relation: GATE CSE 2004 | Question: 83, ISRO2015-40

The time complexity of the following C function is (assume )

int recursive (int n) {
if(n == 1)
return (1);
else
return (recursive (n-1) + recursive (n-1));
}

A. B. C. D.
gatecse-2004 algorithms recurrence-relation time-complexity normal isro2015

Answer key ☟

1.19.3 Recurrence Relation: GATE CSE 2006 | Question: 51, ISRO2016-34

Consider the following recurrence:

Which one of the following is true?

A. B.
C. D.
 algorithms recurrence-relation isro2016 gatecse-2006

Answer key ☟

1.19.4 Recurrence Relation: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 56

Let be defined by and for all integers . Which of the

following represents the order of growth of as a function of ?

A. B. C. D.
isro2011 algorithms time-complexity recurrence-relation

Answer key ☟

1.19.5 Recurrence Relation: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 37

The running time of an algorithm is given by:

, if
= , otherwise
Then what should be the relation between , so that the order of the algorithm is constant?
a. b.
c. d.
isro2018 algorithms recurrence-relation time-complexity

Answer key ☟

1.20 Relations (1)

1.20.1 Relations: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 80

The time complexity of computing the transitive closure of a binary relation on a set of elements is
known to be

a.

b.

c.

d.
isro2017 relations algorithms time-complexity

Answer key ☟

1.21 Searching (2)

1.21.1 Searching: GATE CSE 1996 | Question: 2.13, ISRO2016-28

The average number of key comparisons required for a successful search for sequential search on items
is

A. B. C. D. None of the above

gate1996 algorithms easy isro2016 searching

Answer key ☟
 1.21.2 Searching: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 70

Number of comparisons required for an unsuccessful search of an element in a sequential search

organized, fixed length, symbol table of length L is

A. L B. L/2 C. (L+1)/2 D. 2L
isro2011 algorithms searching

Answer key ☟

1.22 Sorting (11)

1.22.1 Sorting: GATE CSE 2006 | Question: 14, ISRO2011-14

Which one of the following in place sorting algorithms needs the minimum number of swaps?

A. Quick sort B. Insertion sort C. Selection sort D. Heap sort

gatecse-2006 algorithms sorting easy isro2011

Answer key ☟

1.22.2 Sorting: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 77

How many comparisons are needed to sort an array of length if a straight selection sort is used and array
is already in the opposite order?

A. B. C. D.
isro2008 algorithms sorting selection-sort

Answer key ☟

1.22.3 Sorting: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 62

Consider the following sorting algorithms.

I. Quicksort
II. Heapsort
III. Mergesort

Which of them perform in least time in the worst case?

A. I and II only B. II and III only C. III only D. I, II and III

isro2014 algorithms sorting

Answer key ☟

1.22.4 Sorting: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 15

Which one of the following in-place sorting algorithms needs the minimum number of swaps?

A. Insertion Sort B. Quick Sort C. Heap Sort D. Selection Sort

isro2017 algorithms sorting

Answer key ☟

1.22.5 Sorting: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 49

The number of swappings needed to sort the numbers in ascending order using bubble
sort is
 A. B. C. D.
isro2017 algorithms sorting

Answer key ☟

1.22.6 Sorting: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 66

Of the following sorting algorithms, which has a running time that is least dependent on the initial ordering
of the input?

a. Mege Sort b. Insertion Sort c. Selection Sort d. Quick Sort

isro2018 algorithms sorting

Answer key ☟

1.22.7 Sorting: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 33

If an array contains the items and in that order, what will be the resultant array
after third pass of insertion sort?
A. B.
C. D.
isro-2020 algorithms sorting normal

Answer key ☟

1.22.8 Sorting: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 65

Of the following sort algorithms, which has execution time that is least dependant on initial ordering of the
input?

A. Insertion sort B. Quick sort C. Merge sort D. Selection sort

isro-2020 algorithms sorting normal

Answer key ☟

1.22.9 Sorting: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 6

Worst case time complexity of for elements

A. B.
C. D.

isro-cse-2023 algorithms heap-sort sorting

Answer key ☟

1.22.10 Sorting: ISRO-2013-12

Which of the following sorting algorithms has the minimum running time complexity in the best and
average case?
A. Insertion sort, Quick sort B. Quick sort, Quick sort
C. Quick sort, Insertion sort D. Insertion sort, Insertion sort
isro2013 sorting

Answer key ☟

1.22.11 Sorting: ISRO-DEC2017-48

Quick-sort is run on inputs shown below to sort in ascending order :

 A. B.
Let 1 and be the number of comparisons made for A and B respectively. Then,

A. B.
C. D. Cannot say anything for arbitrary
isrodec2017 sorting

Answer key ☟

1.23 Symbol Table (1)

1.23.1 Symbol Table: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 39

Access time of the symbolic table will be logarithmic if it is implemented by

A. Linear list B. Search tree
C. Hash table D. Self organization list
isro2016 algorithms symbol-table

Answer key ☟

1.24 Time Complexity (3)

1.24.1 Time Complexity: GATE CSE 2007 | Question: 15, ISRO2016-26

Consider the following segment of C-code:

int j, n;
j = 1;
while (j <= n)
j = j * 2;

The number of comparisons made in the execution of the loop for any is:

A. B.
C. D.
gatecse-2007 algorithms time-complexity normal isro2016

Answer key ☟

1.24.2 Time Complexity: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 67

What is the time complexity for the following C module? Assume that .
int module(int n)
{
if (n == 1)
return 1;
else
return (n + module(n-1));
}

A. B. C. D.
isro2014 algorithms time-complexity

Answer key ☟

1.24.3 Time Complexity: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 36

What is the complexity of the following code?

sum=0;
for(i=1;i<=n;i*=2)
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
sum++;
 Which of the following is not a valid string?

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 algorithms time-complexity normal

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
1.0.1 B 1.0.2 C 1.1.1 C 1.1.2 A 1.1.3 X
1.1.4 D 1.1.5 B 1.2.1 B 1.3.1 A 1.3.2 A
1.4.1 C 1.5.1 C 1.5.2 Q-Q 1.6.1 B 1.6.2 D
1.6.3 C 1.7.1 B 1.7.2 D 1.7.3 X 1.8.1 A
1.9.1 D 1.9.2 A 1.9.3 B 1.9.4 D 1.9.5 C
1.9.6 B 1.10.1 B 1.10.2 C 1.10.3 B 1.11.1 Q-Q
1.12.1 B 1.13.1 B 1.14.1 B 1.14.2 D 1.14.3 D
1.15.1 B 1.16.1 Q-Q 1.17.1 C 1.17.2 B 1.18.1 B
1.19.1 B 1.19.2 D 1.19.3 B 1.19.4 C 1.19.5 X
1.20.1 C 1.21.1 C 1.21.2 A 1.22.1 C 1.22.2 B
1.22.3 B 1.22.4 D 1.22.5 D 1.22.6 A 1.22.7 B
1.22.8 C 1.22.9 Q-Q 1.22.10 A 1.22.11 B 1.23.1 B
1.24.1 D 1.24.2 A 1.24.3 X
2 Artificial Intelligence (3)

2.1 Neural Network (2)

2.1.1 Neural Network: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 2

Which of the following is an unsupervised neural network?

A. RBS B. Hopfield
C. Back propagation D. Kohonen
isro2011 neural-network non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

2.1.2 Neural Network: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 75

ln neural network, the network capacity is defined as:

a. The traffic (tarry capacity of the network

b. The total number of nodes in the network
c. The number of patterns that can be stored and recalled in a network
d. None of the above

isro2018 non-gatecse neural-network

Answer key ☟

2.2 Non Gatecse (1)

2.2.1 Non Gatecse: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 79

A hybrid Bayesian network contains

A. Only continuous variables B. Only discrete variables
C. Both discrete and discontinuous variables D. Both continuous and discrete variables

isro-cse-2023 non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
2.1.1 D 2.1.2 C 2.2.1 Q-Q
3 CO and Architecture (116)

3.0.1 ISRO 2015 Regsiters [EE]

Resistor of microprocessor which keeps track of the execution of program and which contain the memory
address of next instruction to be executed is called

(a) Index resistor (b) Program counter (c) Memory address resistor (d) Instruction resistor
isro-ee

Answer key ☟

3.0.2 ISRO-DEC2017-38

A CPU has a direct mapped cache with block size.Suppose A is a -

array of size with elements that occupy each.Consider the code segment
for(i=0;i<512;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<512;j++)
{
x +=A[i][j];
}
}

Assuming that array is stored in order the number of cache misses is

A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

3.0.3 ISRO-DEC2017-42

In designing a computer's cache system, the cache block (or cache line) size es an important parameter.
Which one of the following statements is correct in this context?

A. Smaller block size incurs lower cache miss penalty.

B. Smaller block size implies better spatial locality.
C. Smaller block size implies smaller cache tag.
D. Smaller block size implies lower cache hit time.

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

3.1 8085 Microprocessor (8)

3.1.1 8085 Microprocessor: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 39

Consider the following Assembly language program

MVIA 30 H
ACI 30 H
XRA A
POP H
After the execution of the above program, the contents of the accumulator will be

A. B. C. D. contents of stack
 isro2008 8085-microprocessor non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

3.1.2 8085 Microprocessor: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 45

The TRAP is one of the interrupts available in Which one of the following statements is true
of TRAP ?
A. it is level triggered B. it is negative edge triggered
C. it is edge triggered D. it is both and edges triggered
isro2008 co-and-architecture 8085-microprocessor non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

3.1.3 8085 Microprocessor: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 20

Which interrupt in Microprocessor is unmaskable?

a. b. c. d. Both (a) and (b)

isro2017 8085-microprocessor non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

3.1.4 8085 Microprocessor: ISRO ECE 2012 | 8085 processor

The complement Accumulator (CMA) instruction in processor on execution affects

a. Zero flag b. Sign flag c. Overflow flag d. none of the above

isro2012-ece isro-ece co-and-architecture 8085-microprocessor

Answer key ☟

3.1.5 8085 Microprocessor: ISRO ECE 2012 |: Computer Architecture

The register in that is used to keep track of the memory address of the next opcode to be run in the
program is the:
a. Stack Pointer b. Program Counter
c. Accumulator d. Non of the above
isro-ece co-and-architecture isro2012-ece 8085-microprocessor

Answer key ☟

3.1.6 8085 Microprocessor: ISRO-2013-35

How many number of times the instruction sequence below will loop before coming out of the loop?
MOV AL, 00H
A1: INC AL
JNZ A1
A. 1 B. 255
C. 256 D. Will not come out of the loop.
isro2013 8085-microprocessor non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

3.1.7 8085 Microprocessor: ISRO-2013-36

In 8085 microprocessor, the ISR for handling trap interrupt is at which location?
 A. B. C. D.
isro2013 8085-microprocessor non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

3.1.8 8085 Microprocessor: ISRO2015-61

The contents of the flag register after execution of the following program by microprocessor will be

A. B. C. D.
8085-microprocessor non-gatecse isro2015

Answer key ☟

3.2 Addressing Modes (11)

3.2.1 Addressing Modes: GATE CSE 1996 | Question: 1.16, ISRO2016-42

Relative mode of addressing is most relevant to writing:

A. Co – routines B. Position – independent code

C. Shareable code D. Interrupt Handlers
gate1996 co-and-architecture addressing-modes easy isro2016

Answer key ☟

3.2.2 Addressing Modes: GATE CSE 2008 | Question: 33, ISRO2009-80

Which of the following is/are true of the auto-increment addressing mode?

I. It is useful in creating self-relocating code

II. If it is included in an Instruction Set Architecture, then an additional ALU is required for effective address
calculation
III. The amount of increment depends on the size of the data item accessed

A. I only B. II only C. III only D. II and III only

gatecse-2008 addressing-modes co-and-architecture normal isro2009

Answer key ☟

3.2.3 Addressing Modes: GATE IT 2006 | Question: 39, ISRO2009-42

Which of the following statements about relative addressing mode is FALSE?

A. It enables reduced instruction size

B. It allows indexing of array element with same instruction
C. It enables easy relocation of data
D. It enables faster address calculation than absolute addressing

gateit-2006 co-and-architecture addressing-modes normal isro2009

Answer key ☟
3.2.4 Addressing Modes: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 21, UGCNET-Dec2012-II: 12

In which addressing mode, the effectives address of the operand is generated by adding a constant value to
the content of a register?
A. Absolute mode B. Indirect mode
C. Immediate mode D. Index mode
isro2009 co-and-architecture ugcnetcse-dec2012-paper2 addressing-modes

Answer key ☟

3.2.5 Addressing Modes: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 5

type of data addressing is called?

A. register B. immediate
C. register indirect D. register relative
isro2011 co-and-architecture addressing-modes

Answer key ☟

3.2.6 Addressing Modes: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 19

The most appropriate matching for the following pairs :

A. B.
C. D.
isro2017 co-and-architecture addressing-modes match-the-following easy

Answer key ☟

3.2.7 Addressing Modes: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 1

The immediate addressing mode can be used for

1. Loading internal registers with initial values

2. Perform arithmetic or logical operation on data contained in instructions

Which of the following is true?

A. Only B. Only
C. Both and D. Immediate mode refers to data in cache
isro-2020 co-and-architecture normal addressing-modes

Answer key ☟

3.2.8 Addressing Modes: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 15

A stack organized computer is characterised by instructions with

A. indirect addressing B. direct addressing
C. zero addressing D. index addressing
isro-2020 co-and-architecture addressing-modes normal

Answer key ☟

3.2.9 Addressing Modes: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 3

Which of the following affects the processing power assuming they do not influence each other
 1. Data bus capability
2. Address scheme
3. Clock speed

A. only B. and only C. and only D. and

isro-2020 co-and-architecture addressing-modes normal

Answer key ☟

3.2.10 Addressing Modes: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 8

Consider a - bit processor which supports instructions. Each instruction is bit long and has fields
namely opcode, two register identifiers and an immediate operand of unsigned integer type. Maximum
value of the immediate operand that can be supported by the processor is . How many registers the processor
has?

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 co-and-architecture addressing-modes normal

Answer key ☟

3.2.11 Addressing Modes: ISRO-DEC2017-43

Consider an instruction of the type which during execution reads a - word from
memory and stores it in a - register The effective address of the memory location is obtained by
adding a constant and contents of Which one best reflects the source operand?
A. Immediate addressing B. Register addressing
C. Register Indirect addressing D. Indexed addressing
isrodec2017 addressing-modes

Answer key ☟

3.3 Analog Signal (1)

3.3.1 Analog Signal: ISRO ECE 2012 | Computer architecture

Minimum number of bits required to represent maximum value of an analog signal with accuracy of
is

a. bits b. bits c. bits d. bits

co-and-architecture isro-ece isro2012-ece analog-signal

3.4 CO and Architecture (27)

3.4.1 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2006- ECE

If the memory chip size is 256 x 1 bits, then the number of chips required to make up 1K bytes of memory
is

a) 32

b) 24

c) 12

d) 8
isro-ece co-and-architecture
 Answer key ☟

3.4.2 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2006-ECE WAIT states

WAIT states are used to

a) Make the processor wait during a DMA operation
b) Make the processor wait during a power interrupt processing
c) Make the processor wait during a power shutdown
d) Interface slow peripherals to the processor

isro-ece co-and-architecture

Answer key ☟

3.4.3 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2007- ECE Program Counter

When a program is being executed in an 8085 microprocessor, its Program Counter contains

a) The number of instructions in the current program that have already been executed

b) The total number of instructions in the program being executed

c) The memory address of the instruction that is being currently executed

d) The memory address of the instruction that is to be executed next

isro-ece co-and-architecture

Answer key ☟

3.4.4 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2007- ECE Time division MUX

In time division multiplexing

a) Time is doubled between bits of a byte

b) Time slicing at CPU level takes place

c) Total time available in the channel is divided between several users and each users is allotted a time slice.

d) None of the above

isro-ece co-and-architecture

Answer key ☟

3.4.5 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2007-ECE Memory

A memory system of size 16K bytes is required to be designed using memory chips, which have 12
address lines and 4 data lines each. The number of such chips required to design the memory system is

a) 2

b) 4

c) 8

d) 16
isro-ece co-and-architecture
 Answer key ☟

3.4.6 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2008- ECE Computer Architecture

The performance gain that can be obtained by improving some portion of a computer can be calculated
using

(a) Moore's law

(b) Djikstra's algorithm
(c) Amdahl's law
(d) Murphy's law
isro-ece co-and-architecture

Answer key ☟

3.4.7 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2008- ECE Computer architecture

------ machines tend to make use of internal resources of the processor, a rich set of registers and a
pipelined organization.
(a) CISC

(b) Parallel processor

(c) RISC

(d) Array processor

isro-ece co-and-architecture

Answer key ☟

3.4.8 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2008-ECE Cache Memory

The advantage of write (copy) back data cache organization over write through organization is

(a) Main memory consistency

(b) Write allocate on write miss

(c) Less memory bandwidth

(d) Higher capacity requirement

isro-ece co-and-architecture

Answer key ☟

3.4.9 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2008-ECE Computer Architecture

Micro programming refers to

(a) Emulation
(b) Programming at micro level
(c) The use of storage to implement the control unit
(d) Array processing
isro-ece co-and-architecture

Answer key ☟
3.4.10 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2008-ECE Computer architecture

Digital signal processors use a computer architecture derived from

(a) Harvard Architecture

(b) Von-Neumann Architecture

(c) Cray Architecture

(d) None of the above

isro-ece co-and-architecture

Answer key ☟

3.4.11 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2008-ECE Digital Logic

Which type of memory has fast erase and write times

(a) EPROM

(b) EEPROM

(c) Flash memory

(d) None of these

isro-ece co-and-architecture

Answer key ☟

3.4.12 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2008-ECE Interrupt request in daisy chain

In a daisy chained connection to the CPU, the peripheral whose interrupt request has the highest priority is
the one
(a) With the largest vector address

(b) With highest speed of operation

(c) Electrically nearest to the CPU

(d) Electrically farthest from the CPU

isro-ece co-and-architecture

Answer key ☟

3.4.13 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2008-ECE array processor

An array processor is a machine

(a) SIMD

(b) MIMD

(c) SISD

(d) MISD
isro-ece co-and-architecture
 Answer key ☟

3.4.14 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2009- ECE Computer Architecture

Consider the following program for 8085

XRA A
LXI B, 0007H
LOOP : DCX B
JNZ LOOP
The loop will be executed

a) 8 times
b) once
c) 7 times
d) infinite times

co-and-architecture isro-ece

Answer key ☟

3.4.15 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2009- ECE Computer Architecture

Interrupt latency is the time elapsed between:

a) Occurrence of an interrupt and its detection by the CPU

b) Assertion of an interrupt and the start of the associated ISR

c) Assertion of an interrupt and the completion of the associated ISR

d) Start and completion of associated ISR

isro-ece co-and-architecture

Answer key ☟

3.4.16 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2009- ECE Computer architecture

An 8-bit microcontroller has an external RAM with the memory map from 8000H to 9FFFH.
The number of bytes this RAM can store is

a) 8193

b) 8192

c) 8191

d) 8000
isro-ece co-and-architecture

Answer key ☟

3.4.17 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2009-ECE : Computer Architecture

A micro controller differs from a microprocessor in terms of

a) I/O interfaces and instruction decoding

b) Memory configuration and I/O interfaces
 c) Data bus width and clock speed
d) Memory configuration and instruction decoding
isro-ece co-and-architecture

Answer key ☟

3.4.18 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2010-ECE Cache memory

A microprocessor has a cache memory with access time of 2 ns and a main memory with access time of 10
ns. If the cache miss ratio is 0.6, what is the average memory access time?

a) 6.8 ns

b) 6 ns

c) 5.2 ns

d) 12 ns
isro-ece co-and-architecture

Answer key ☟

3.4.19 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2011- ECE Computer Architecture

Which of the following statements with reference to a generic microprocessor is correct?

a. Instruction cycle time period is exactly equal to machine cycle time period
b. Instruction cycle time period is shorter than machine cycle time period
c. Machine cycle time period is shorter than instruction cycle time period
d. Instruction cycle time period is exactly half of machine cycle time period

isro-ece isro2011-ece co-and-architecture

Answer key ☟

3.4.20 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2011-ECE Computer Architecture

A microprocessor with 12 bit address bus will be able to access ________ kilobytes of memory

a) 0.4

b) 2

c) 10

d) 4
isro-ece isro2011-ece co-and-architecture

Answer key ☟

3.4.21 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2011-ECE Computer Architecture

In a 8085 microprocessor system with memory mapped I/O

a. I/O devices have 8 bit address

 b. I/O devices are accessed using IN and OUT instructions.

c. There can be maximum 256 input and 256 output devices

d. Arithmetic and logic operations can be directly performed with I/O data
isro-ece isro2011-ece co-and-architecture

3.4.22 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2011-ECE Computer Architecture

When a microprocessor interfaces with a peripheral or memory device, the normal timing of the
microprocessor may need to be altered by introducing____

a. Latching

b. Wait states

c. Tristate logics

d. None of the above

isro-ece isro2011-ece co-and-architecture

Answer key ☟

3.4.23 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2011-ECE Computer Architecture

Which of the following statement regarding a constant is not true

a. Constant defined in a package can be referenced by any entity or architecture for which package is used.

b. The value of constant can be changed with in the design description

c. Constant defined in an architecture is visible only to that architecture

d. Constant defined in a process declarative region is not visible outside that process
isro-ece isro2011-ece co-and-architecture

3.4.24 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2015- Main memory [EE]

Techniques that automatically move program and data blocks into physical main memory when they are
required for execution are called
(a) Main memory techniques
(b) Cache memory techniques

(c) Virtual memory techniques

(d) Associate memory techniques

isro-ee co-and-architecture

Answer key ☟

3.4.25 CO and Architecture: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 34

The microinstructions stored in the control memory of a processor have a width of bits. Each
microinstruction is divided into three fields. a micro operation field of bits, a next address field and
a MUX select field There are status bits in the inputs of the MUX. How many bits are there in the and
fields, and what is the size of the control memory in number of words?
 A. B. C. D.
isro2009 co-and-architecture control-unit

Answer key ☟

3.4.26 CO and Architecture: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 2

Statements associated with registers of a CPU are given. Identify the false statement.

A. The program counter holds the memory address of the instruction in execution
B. Only opcode is transferred to the control unit
C. An instruction in the instruction register consists of the opcode and the operand
D. The value of the program counter is incremented by once its value has been read to the memory address
register

isro-2020 co-and-architecture control-unit normal

Answer key ☟

3.4.27 CO and Architecture: ISRO ECE 2012 | Computer Architecture

"Cycle Stealing" in microprocessor parlance refers to

a. Special type of DMA access by an external device

b. RESET operation at power ON by microprocessor
c. Interrupt Acknowledge cycle
d. none of above.
co-and-architecture isro2012-ece isro-ece

3.5 Cache Memory (12)

3.5.1 Cache Memory: GATE CSE 2001 | Question: 1.7, ISRO2008-18

More than one word are put in one cache block to:

A. exploit the temporal locality of reference in a program B. exploit the spatial locality of reference in a program
C. reduce the miss penalty D. none of the above
gatecse-2001 co-and-architecture easy cache-memory isro2008

Answer key ☟

3.5.2 Cache Memory: GATE IT 2004 | Question: 12, ISRO2016-77

Consider a system with level cache. Access times of Level cache, Level cache and main memory are
, , and respectively. The hit rates of Level and Level caches are and ,
respectively. What is the average access time of the system ignoring the search time within the cache?

A. B. C. D.
gateit-2004 co-and-architecture cache-memory normal isro2016

Answer key ☟

3.5.3 Cache Memory: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 14

The principal of the locality of reference justifies the use of

A. virtual memory B. interrupts C. main memory D. cache memory

isro2007 co-and-architecture cache-memory

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3.5.4 Cache Memory: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 46

Consider a small -way set-associative cache memory, consisting of four blocks. For choosing the block to
be replaced, use the least recently (LRU) scheme. The number of cache misses for the following sequence
of block addresses is

A. B. C. D.
isro2007 co-and-architecture cache-memory

Answer key ☟

3.5.5 Cache Memory: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 16

Consider a direct mapped cache with blocks and a block size of bytes. To what block number does
the byte address map to

A. does not map B. C. D.

isro2011 co-and-architecture cache-memory

Answer key ☟

3.5.6 Cache Memory: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 42

The search concept used in associative memory is

A. Parallel search B. Sequential search
C. Binary search D. Selection search
isro2011 co-and-architecture cache-memory

Answer key ☟

3.5.7 Cache Memory: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 21

A cache memory needs an access time of ns and main memory ns, what is average access time of
CPU (assume hit ratio

A. ns B. ns C. ns D. ns
isro2017 co-and-architecture cache-memory

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3.5.8 Cache Memory: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 73

For a multi-processor architecture, in which protocol a write transaction is forwarded to only those
processors that are known to possess a copy of newly altered cache line?

a. Snoopy bus protocol b. Cache coherency protocol

c. Directory based protocol d. None of the above
isro2018 cache-memory

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3.5.9 Cache Memory: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 43

Which of the following is an efficient method of cache updating?

A. Snoopy writes B. Write through
C. Write within D. Buffered write
isro-2020 co-and-architecture cache-memory normal

Answer key ☟
 3.5.10 Cache Memory: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 47

How many total bits are required for a direct-mapped cache with KB of data and word block size,
assuming a -bit address and word size of bytes?

A. Mbits B. Mbits C. Mbits D. Mbits

isro-2020 co-and-architecture cache-memory direct-mapping normal

Answer key ☟

3.5.11 Cache Memory: ISRO-2013-16

How much speed do we gain by using the cache, when cache is used % of the time? Assume cache is
faster than main memory.

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 co-and-architecture cache-memory

Answer key ☟

3.5.12 Cache Memory: ISRO-DEC2017-37

A two-way set associative cache memory unit with a capacity of is built using a block size of
The word length is The physical address space is
The number of bits in the TAG, SET fields are

A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017 cache-memory

Answer key ☟

3.6 Cpu (2)

3.6.1 Cpu: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 41

If a microcomputer operates at MHz with an -bit bus and a newer version operates at MHz with a -
bit bus, the maximum speed-up possible approximately will be

A. B. C. D.
isro2011 co-and-architecture cpu

Answer key ☟

3.6.2 Cpu: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 10

The number of logical CPUs in a computer having two physical quad-core chips with hyper threading
enabled is ______

A. B. C. D.
co-and-architecture isro2014 cpu non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

3.7 DMA (1)

3.7.1 DMA: ISRO-2013-14

A processor is fetching instructions at the rate of MIPS. A DMA module is used to transfer characters to
RAM from a device transmitting at bps. How much time will the processor be slowed down due to
DMA activity?
 A. ms B. ms C. ms D. ms
isro2013 dma

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3.8 Disk (1)

3.8.1 Disk: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 46

A magnetic disk has cylinders, each with tracks of sectors. If each sector contains bytes,
what is the maximum capacity of the disk in kilobytes?

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 co-and-architecture disk normal

Answer key ☟

3.9 Floating Point Representation (2)

3.9.1 Floating Point Representation: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 53

In the Big-Endian system, the computer stores

A. MSB of data in the lowest memory address of data unit

B. LSB of data in the lowest memory address of data unit
C. MSB of data in the highest memory address of data unit
D. LSB of data in the highest memory address of data unit

isro2007 co-and-architecture floating-point-representation little-endian-big-endian

Answer key ☟

3.9.2 Floating Point Representation: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 5

An array of two byte integers is stored in big endian machine in byte addresses as shown below. What
will be its storage pattern in little endian machine ?

A.

B.
 C.

D.

isro-2020 co-and-architecture floating-point-representation normal little-endian-big-endian

Answer key ☟

3.10 IO Handling (6)

3.10.1 IO Handling: GATE CSE 2008 | Question: 64, ISRO2009-13

Which of the following statements about synchronous and asynchronous I/O is NOT true?

A. An ISR is invoked on completion of I/O in synchronous I/O but not in asynchronous I/O
B. In both synchronous and asynchronous I/O, an ISR (Interrupt Service Routine) is invoked after completion of
the I/O
C. A process making a synchronous I/O call waits until I/O is complete, but a process making an
asynchronous I/O call does not wait for completion of the I/O
D. In the case of synchronous I/O, the process waiting for the completion of I/O is woken up by the ISR that is
invoked after the completion of I/O

gatecse-2008 operating-system io-handling normal isro2009

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3.10.2 IO Handling: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 36

An interrupt in which the external device supplies its address as well as the interrupt requests is known as

A. vectored interrupt B. maskable interrupt

 C. non maskable interrupt D. designated interrupt
isro2008 co-and-architecture io-handling interrupts

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3.10.3 IO Handling: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 78

On receiving an interrupt from an I/O device,the CPU

A. Halts for a predetermined time

B. Branches off to the interrupt service routine after completion of the current instruction
C. Branches off to the interrupt service routine immediately
D. Hands over control of address bus and data bus to the interrupting device

isro2009 co-and-architecture io-handling

Answer key ☟

3.10.4 IO Handling: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 39

Two control signals in microprocessor which are related to Direct Memory Access (DMA) are

A. B.
C. D.
isro2011 co-and-architecture io-handling dma

Answer key ☟

3.10.5 IO Handling: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 58

In DMA transfer scheme, the transfer scheme other than burst mode is

A. cycle technique B. stealing technique

C. cycle stealing technique D. cycle bypass technique
isro2011 co-and-architecture io-handling dma

Answer key ☟

3.10.6 IO Handling: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 65

Of the following, which best characterizes computers that use memory-mapped

a. The computer provides special instructions for manipulating ports

b. ports are placed at addresses on the bus and are accessed just like other memory locations
c. To perform operations. it is sufficient to place the data in an address register and call channel to perform
the operation
d. can be performed only when memory management hardware is turned on

isro2018 co-and-architecture io-handling

Answer key ☟

3.11 Instruction Format (5)

3.11.1 Instruction Format: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 79

Compared to CISC processors,RISC processors contain

A. More register and smaller instruction set B. larger instruction set

C. less registers and smaller instruction set D. more transistor elements
isro2009 co-and-architecture instruction-format

Answer key ☟
 3.11.2 Instruction Format: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 24

In which class of Flynn's taxanomy, Von Neumann architecture belongs to?

A. SISD B. SIMD C. MIMD D. MISD

co-and-architecture isro2016 instruction-format

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3.11.3 Instruction Format: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 31

A byte addressable computer has a memory capacity of ( bytes) and can perform operations. An
instruction involving operands and one operator needs maximum of:

a. bits b. bits c. bits d. none of the above

isro2018 co-and-architecture instruction-format

Answer key ☟

3.11.4 Instruction Format: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 6

A data driven machine is one that executes an instruction if the needed data is available. The physical
ordering of the code listing does not dictate the course of execution. Consider the following pseudo-code:
A. Multiply by to get B. Add and to get
C. Add with to get D. Add and to get
E. Add with to get Assume are already assigned values and the
desired output is . Which of the following sequence of execution is valid?

a. B, C, D, A, E b. C, B, E, A, D
c. A, B, C, D, E d. E, D, C, B, A
isro2018 co-and-architecture instruction-format

Answer key ☟

3.11.5 Instruction Format: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 49

One instruction tries to write an operand before it is written by previous instruction. This may lead to a
dependency called
A. True dependency B. Anti-dependency
C. Output dependency D. Control Hazard
isro-2020 co-and-architecture instruction-format normal

Answer key ☟

3.12 Interrupts (3)

3.12.1 Interrupts: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 37

The ability to temporarily halt the CPU and use this time to send information on buses is called
A. direct memory access B. vectoring the interrupt
C. polling D. cycle stealing
isro2008 co-and-architecture interrupts

Answer key ☟

3.12.2 Interrupts: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 22

A certain microprocessor requires microseconds to respond to an interrupt. Assuming that the three
interrupts and require the following execution time after the interrupt is recognized:
 i. requires microseconds
ii. requires microseconds
iii. requires microseconds

has the highest priority and has the lowest. What is the possible range of time for to be executed assuming
that it may or may not occur simultaneously with other interrupts?
A. microseconds to microseconds B. microseconds to microseconds
C. microseconds to microseconds D. microseconds microseconds
isro2009 co-and-architecture interrupts

Answer key ☟

3.12.3 Interrupts: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 32

Which of the following is false about interrupts?

A. Interrupts can be triggered by a hardware or by a software

B. Hardware interrupts may be triggered by sending a signal to CPU through a system bus
C. Software interrupts may be triggered by executing system calls
D. Trap is a hardware generated interrupt

isro-cse-2023 co-and-architecture interrupts

Answer key ☟

3.13 Machine Instruction (3)

3.13.1 Machine Instruction: GATE CSE 2006 | Question: 09, ISRO2009-35

A CPU has - instructions. A program starts at address (in decimal). Which one of the following is
a legal program counter (all values in decimal)?

A. B. C. D.
gatecse-2006 co-and-architecture machine-instruction easy isro2009

Answer key ☟

3.13.2 Machine Instruction: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 42

Which of the following architecture is/are not suitable for realising SIMD?
A. Vector processor B. Array processor
C. Von Neumann D. All of the above
isro2008 co-and-architecture machine-instruction

Answer key ☟

3.13.3 Machine Instruction: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 16

A computer which issues instructions in order, has only registers and opcodes and .
Consider different implementations of the following basic block :
 Assume that all operands are initially in memory. Final value of computation also has to reside in memory. Which
one is better in terms of memory accesses and by how many instructions?

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 co-and-architecture machine-instruction normal

Answer key ☟

3.14 Memory Interfacing (9)

3.14.1 Memory Interfacing: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 37

In comparison with static RAM memory, the dynamic Ram memory has

A. lower bit density and higher power consumption

B. higher bit density and higher power consumption
C. lower bit density and lower power consumption
D. higher bit density and lower power consumption

isro2007 co-and-architecture memory-interfacing

Answer key ☟

3.14.2 Memory Interfacing: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 23

The process of organizing the memory into two banks to allow -and -bit data operation is called
A. Bank switching B. Indexed mapping
C. Two-way memory interleaving D. Memory segmentation
isro2009 co-and-architecture memory-interfacing

Answer key ☟

3.14.3 Memory Interfacing: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 54

Number of chips needed to provide a memory capacity of bytes

A. B. C. D.
isro2011 co-and-architecture memory-interfacing

Answer key ☟

3.14.4 Memory Interfacing: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 1

Consider a MHz cpu based system. What is the number of wait states required if it is interfaced with a
ns memory? Assume a maximum of ns delay for additional circuitry like buffering and decoding.

A. B.
C. D.
co-and-architecture isro2014 memory-interfacing

Answer key ☟

3.14.5 Memory Interfacing: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 17

If each address space represents one byte of storage space, how many address lines are needed to access
RAM chips arranged in a array, where each chip is bits?

A. B. C. D.
co-and-architecture memory-interfacing isro2014
 Answer key ☟

3.14.6 Memory Interfacing: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 40

Assume that -bit CPU is trying to access a double word stating at an odd address. How many memory
operations are required to access the data?

A. B. C. D.
isro2014 co-and-architecture memory-interfacing

Answer key ☟

3.14.7 Memory Interfacing: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 18

How many bit RAMs are required to design bit RAM?

A. B. C. D.
isro2017 co-and-architecture memory-interfacing

Answer key ☟

3.14.8 Memory Interfacing: ISRO ECE 2013 | Computer architecture

A memory system of size bytes is required to be designed using memory chips which have
address lines and data lines each. The number of such chips required to design the system is:

a. b. c. d.
isro-ece isro2013-ece co-and-architecture memory-interfacing

3.14.9 Memory Interfacing: ISRO2015-77

In , how many one-address instructions are required to evaluate it?

A. B. C. D.
memory-interfacing co-and-architecture machine-instruction isro2015

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3.15 Memory Management (1)

3.15.1 Memory Management: ISRO2015-62

The minimum time delay between the initiation of two independent memory operations is called

A. Access time B. Cycle time C. Rotational time D. Latency time

isro2015 co-and-architecture memory-management

Answer key ☟

3.16 Microprocessors (3)

3.16.1 Microprocessors: GATE CSE 1998 | Question: 2.10, ISRO2008-17

The address space of CPU is

A. one Megabyte B. Kilobytes

C. Megabytes D. Kilobytes
gate1998 co-and-architecture microprocessors out-of-syllabus-now isro2008

Answer key ☟
 3.16.2 Microprocessors: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 37

Find the memory address of the next instruction executed by the microprocessor when operated in
real mode for and

A. B. C. D.
isro2011 co-and-architecture non-gatecse 8086 microprocessors

Answer key ☟

3.16.3 Microprocessors: ISRO ECE 2012 | Computer Architecture

Principle of "locality" is used in context of

a. Addressing lowest Memory address by microprocessor

b. Addressing Highest Memory address by microprocessor
c. Accessing Cache memory locations.
d. None of above.

co-and-architecture isro2012-ece microprocessors

Answer key ☟

3.17 Microprogramming (1)

3.17.1 Microprogramming: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 34

Micro program is:

a. the name of a source program in micro computers

b. set of microinstructions that defines the individual operations in response to a machine-language instruction
c. a primitive form of macros used in assembly language programming
d. a very small segment of machine code

isro2018 co-and-architecture microprogramming

Answer key ☟

3.18 Non Gatecse (1)

3.18.1 Non Gatecse: ISRO-2013-34

In , the jump condition for the instruction is?

A. CF = 0 or ZF = 0 B. ZF = 0 and SF = 1 C. CF = 0 and ZF = 0 D. CF = 0
isro2013 8086 non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

3.19 Parallel Programming (1)

3.19.1 Parallel Programming: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 71

A particular parallel program computation requires sec when executed on a single processor, if of
this computation is inherently sequential (i.e. will not benefit from additional processors), then
theoretically best possible elapsed times of this program running with and processors, respectively, are:

a. sec and sec b. sec and sec c. sec and sec d. sec and sec
isro2018 co-and-architecture parallel-programming
 Answer key ☟

3.20 Pipelining (12)

3.20.1 Pipelining: GATE CSE 2002 | Question: 2.6, ISRO2008-19

The performance of a pipelined processor suffers if:

A. the pipeline stages have different delays

B. consecutive instructions are dependent on each other
C. the pipeline stages share hardware resources
D. All of the above

gatecse-2002 co-and-architecture pipelining easy isro2008

Answer key ☟

3.20.2 Pipelining: GATE CSE 2003 | Question: 10, ISRO-DEC2017-41

For a pipelined CPU with a single ALU, consider the following situations

I. The instruction uses the result of the instruction as an operand

II. The execution of a conditional jump instruction
III. The and instructions require the ALU at the same time.

Which of the above can cause a hazard

A. I and II only B. II and III only C. III only D. All the three
gatecse-2003 co-and-architecture pipelining normal isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

3.20.3 Pipelining: GATE CSE 2007 | Question: 37, ISRO2009-37

Consider a pipelined processor with the following four stages:

IF: Instruction Fetch

ID: Instruction Decode and Operand Fetch
EX: Execute
WB: Write Back

The IF, ID and WB stages take one clock cycle each to complete the operation. The number of clock cycles for the
EX stage depends on the instruction. The ADD and SUB instructions need clock cycle and the MUL instruction
needs clock cycles in the EX stage. Operand forwarding is used in the pipelined processor. What is the number
of clock cycles taken to complete the following sequence of instructions?

A. B. C. D.
gatecse-2007 co-and-architecture pipelining normal isro2009

Answer key ☟

3.20.4 Pipelining: GATE CSE 2012 | Question: 20, ISRO2016-23

Register renaming is done in pipelined processors:

 A. as an alternative to register allocation at compile time
B. for efficient access to function parameters and local variables
C. to handle certain kinds of hazards
D. as part of address translation

gatecse-2012 co-and-architecture pipelining easy isro2016

Answer key ☟

3.20.5 Pipelining: GATE IT 2007 | Question: 6, ISRO2011-25

A processor takes cycles to complete an instruction I. The corresponding pipelined processor uses
stages with the execution times of and cycles respectively. What is the asymptotic speedup
assuming that a very large number of instructions are to be executed?

A. B. C. D.
gateit-2007 co-and-architecture pipelining normal isro2011

Answer key ☟

3.20.6 Pipelining: ISRO 2008-ECE Pipeline

Assuming ideal conditions, the speed up obtained from a balanced N stage pipeline is
(a)
(b)
(c)

(d)
isro-ece co-and-architecture pipelining

Answer key ☟

3.20.7 Pipelining: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 19

Consider a non-pipelined processor with a clock rate of gigahertz and average cycles per instruction of
four. The same processor is upgraded to a pipelined processor with five stages; but due to the internal
pipeline delay, the clock speed is reduced to gigahertz. Assume that there are no stalls in the pipeline. The
speedup achieved in this pipelined processor is

A. B. C. D.
co-and-architecture pipelining isro2016

Answer key ☟

3.20.8 Pipelining: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 6

A non-pipelined CPU has general purpose registers . Following operations are

supported

operation takes two clock cycles, takes one clock cycle.

Calculate minimum number of clock cycles required to compute the value of the expression .
The variable are initially available in registers and and contents of these registers must not be
modified.

A. B. C. D.
 isro-2020 co-and-architecture pipelining normal

Answer key ☟

3.20.9 Pipelining: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 7

Consider a - segment pipeline with a clock cycle time ns in each sub operation. Find out the
approximate speed-up ratio between pipelined and non-pipelined system to execute instructions. (if an
average, every five cycles, a bubble due to data hazard has to be introduced in the pipeline)

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 co-and-architecture pipelining normal

Answer key ☟

3.20.10 Pipelining: ISRO ECE 2015 | Pipelining

Pipelining technique is used in microprocessor to improve which of the following parameter?

a. Power dissipation b. Interrupt latency

c. Die size d. Maximum clock frequency
isro2015-ece isro-ece co-and-architecture pipelining

Answer key ☟

3.20.11 Pipelining: ISRO-2013-15

A pipeline operating at MHz has a speedup factor of and operating at % efficiency. How many
stages are there in the pipeline?

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 co-and-architecture pipelining

Answer key ☟

3.20.12 Pipelining: ISRO2010-ECE Pipeline Hazard

Consider the following assembly code for a hypothetical RISC processor with a -stage pipeline
(Instruction Fetch, Decode/Register Read, Execute and Write).
add r1,r2,r3 // r1 = r2+r3
sub r4,r1,r3 //r4 = r1 - r3
mul r5,r2,r3 // r5 = r2*r3

Identify the possible pipeline hazard and the affected instruction.

a. Read after write hazard during mul b. Read after write hazard during sub
c. Read after write hazard during add d. Write after write hazard during mul
isro-ece isro2011-ece co-and-architecture pipelining

Answer key ☟

3.21 Registers (2)

3.21.1 Registers: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 08

A read bit can be read

A. and written by CPU B. and written by peripheral
C. by peripheral and written by CPU D. by CPU and written by the peripheral
isro2007 co-and-architecture registers

Answer key ☟
 3.21.2 Registers: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 55

The Memory Address Register

A. is a hardware memory device which denotes the location of the current instruction being executed.
B. is a group of electrical ckt, that performs the intent of instructions fetched from memory
C. contains the address of the memory location that is to be read from or stored into
D. contains a copy of the designated memory location specified by the MAR after a "read" or the new contents of
the memory prior to a "write"

isro2008 co-and-architecture registers

Answer key ☟

3.22 Runtime Environment (1)

3.22.1 Runtime Environment: GATE CSE 2008 | Question: 37, ISRO2009-38

The use of multiple register windows with overlap causes a reduction in the number of memory accesses
for:

I. Function locals and parameters

II. Register saves and restores
III. Instruction fetches

A. only B. only C. only D. and

gatecse-2008 co-and-architecture normal isro2009 runtime-environment

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
3.0.1 Q-Q 3.0.2 A 3.0.3 A 3.1.1 C 3.1.2 D
3.1.3 C 3.1.4 Q-Q 3.1.5 Q-Q 3.1.6 C 3.1.7 D
3.1.8 A 3.2.1 B 3.2.2 C 3.2.3 D 3.2.4 D
3.2.5 C 3.2.6 B 3.2.7 C 3.2.8 C 3.2.9 D
3.2.10 B 3.2.11 D 3.3.1 Q-Q 3.4.1 Q-Q 3.4.2 Q-Q
3.4.3 Q-Q 3.4.4 Q-Q 3.4.5 Q-Q 3.4.6 Q-Q 3.4.7 Q-Q
3.4.8 Q-Q 3.4.9 Q-Q 3.4.10 Q-Q 3.4.11 Q-Q 3.4.12 Q-Q
3.4.13 Q-Q 3.4.14 Q-Q 3.4.15 Q-Q 3.4.16 Q-Q 3.4.17 Q-Q
3.4.18 Q-Q 3.4.19 Q-Q 3.4.20 Q-Q 3.4.21 Q-Q 3.4.22 Q-Q
3.4.23 Q-Q 3.4.24 Q-Q 3.4.25 A 3.4.26 A 3.4.27 Q-Q
3.5.1 B 3.5.2 C 3.5.3 D 3.5.4 C 3.5.5 C
3.5.6 A 3.5.7 A 3.5.8 C 3.5.9 A 3.5.10 D

3.5.11 C 3.5.12 B 3.6.1 B 3.6.2 D 3.7.1 D

3.8.1 C 3.9.1 A, D 3.9.2 C 3.10.1 B 3.10.2 A
3.10.3 B 3.10.4 D 3.10.5 C 3.10.6 B 3.11.1 A
3.11.2 A 3.11.3 D 3.11.4 B 3.11.5 C 3.12.1 D
3.12.2 B 3.12.3 Q-Q 3.13.1 C 3.13.2 C 3.13.3 A
3.14.1 B 3.14.2 C 3.14.3 D 3.14.4 D 3.14.5 D
3.14.6 C 3.14.7 B 3.14.8 Q-Q 3.14.9 C 3.15.1 B
3.16.1 A 3.16.2 Q-Q 3.16.3 Q-Q 3.17.1 B 3.18.1 C
3.19.1 D 3.20.1 D 3.20.2 D 3.20.3 B 3.20.4 C
3.20.5 B 3.20.6 Q-Q 3.20.7 A 3.20.8 B 3.20.9 B
3.20.10 Q-Q 3.20.11 D 3.20.12 Q-Q 3.21.1 D 3.21.2 C
3.22.1 A
4 Compiler Design (41)

4.0.1 ISRO-DEC2017-66

Which languages necessarily need heap allocation in the runtime environment?

A. Those that support recursion B. Those that use dynamic scoping

C. Those that use global variables D. Those that allow dynamic data structures
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

4.0.2 ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 60

A given grammar is called ambiguous if

A. two or more productions have the same non-terminal on the left hand side
B. a derivation tree has more than one associated sentence
C. there is a sentence with more than one derivation tree corresponding to it
D. brackets are not present in the grammar

isro-2020 compiler-design ambiguous-grammar easy

Answer key ☟

4.1 Assembler (2)

4.1.1 Assembler: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 43

A simple two-pass assembler does which of the following in the first pass:

A. Checks to see if the instructions are legal in the current assembly mode
B. It allocates space for the literals.
C. It builds the symbol table for the symbols and their values.
D. All of these

compiler-design assembler isro2016

Answer key ☟

4.1.2 Assembler: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 14

In a two-pass assembler, resolution of subroutine calls and inclusion of labels in the symbol table is done
during
A. second pass B. first pass and second pass respectively
C. second pass and first pass respectively D. first pass
isro-2020 compiler-design assembler easy

Answer key ☟

4.2 Code Optimization (9)

4.2.1 Code Optimization: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 68

Which of the following class of statement usually produces no executable code when compiled?
A. declaration B. assignment statements
 C. input and output statements D. structural statements
isro2008 compiler-design code-optimization

Answer key ☟

4.2.2 Code Optimization: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 43

Substitution of values for names (whose values are constants) is done in

A. Local optimization B. Loop optimization

C. Constant folding D. Strength reduction
isro2009 compiler-design code-optimization

Answer key ☟

4.2.3 Code Optimization: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 13

Which of the following statements about peephole optimization is False?

A. It is applied to a small part of the code

B. It can be used to optimize intermediate code
C. To get the best out of this, it has to be applied repeatedly
D. It can be applied to the portion of the code that is not contiguous

isro2011 compiler-design code-optimization

Answer key ☟

4.2.4 Code Optimization: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 3

In compiler terminology reduction in strength means

A. Replacing run time computation by compile time computation

B. Removing loop invariant computation
C. Removing common subexpressions
D. replacing a costly operation by a relatively cheaper one

isro2011 compiler-design code-optimization

Answer key ☟

4.2.5 Code Optimization: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 44

Peephole optimization is form of

A. Loop optimization B. Local optimization
C. Constant folding D. Data flow analysis
compiler-design code-optimization isro2016

Answer key ☟

4.2.6 Code Optimization: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 29

DU-chains(Definition-Use) in compiler design:

a. consist of a definition of a variable and all its uses, reachable from that definition
b. are created using a form static code analysis
c. are prerequisite for many compiler optimization including constant propagation and common sub-expression
elimination
d. All of the above
 isro2018 compiler-design code-optimization

Answer key ☟

4.2.7 Code Optimization: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 30

Which of the following comment about peep-hole optimization is true?

a. It is applied to small part of the code and applied repeatedly

b. It can be used to optimize intermediate code
c. It can be applied to a portion of the code that is not contiguous
d. It is applied in symbol table to optimize the memory requirements.

isro2018 compiler-design code-optimization

Answer key ☟

4.2.8 Code Optimization: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 42

Which of the following is a type of a out-of-order execution, with the reordering done by a compiler

A. loop unrolling B. dead code elimination

C. strength reduction D. software pipelining
isro-2020 compiler-design code-optimization normal

Answer key ☟

4.2.9 Code Optimization: ISRO-DEC2017-67

Consider the code segment

int i,j,x,y,m,n;
n = 20;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if(i%2)
{
x += ((4*j)+5*i);
y += (7+4*j)
}
}
}
m=x+y;

Which one of the following is false?

A. The code contains loop invariant computation

B. There is scope of common sub-expression elimination in this code
C. There is scope of strength reduction in this code
D. There is scope of dead code elimination in this code

isrodec2017 code-optimization compiler-design

Answer key ☟

4.3 Compilation Phases (1)

4.3.1 Compilation Phases: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 17

Which one indicates a technique of building cross compilers?

A. Beta cross B. Canadian cross C. Mexican cross D. X-cross

 isro-2020 compiler-design compilation-phases normal

Answer key ☟

4.4 Compiler tokenization (1)

4.4.1 Compiler tokenization: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 13

The number of tokens in the following C code segment is

switch(inputvalue)
{
case 1 : b =c*d; break;
default : b =b++; break;
}

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 compiler-design compiler-tokenization easy

Answer key ☟

4.5 Context Free Grammar (1)

4.5.1 Context Free Grammar: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 64

A particular BNF definition for a "word is given by the following rules.

<word> :: = <letter> I <letter> <charpair> I <letter> <intpair>
<charpair> :: = <letter> <letter> I <charpair> <letter> <letter>
<intpair> :: = <integer> <integer> I <intpair> <integer> <integer>
<letter> :: = a I b I c I ......I Y I Z
<integer> :: = 0 I 1 I 2 I ......I 9

Which of the following lexical entries can be derived from

I. pick
II. picks
III.

A. I, II and III B. I and II only C. I and III only D. II and III only
isro2018 compiler-design grammar context-free-grammar

Answer key ☟

4.6 Expression Evaluation (1)

4.6.1 Expression Evaluation: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 32

The expression will be evaluated as

A.
B.
C. 49152
D. 173458

In original quetion 5 is not given.

isro2009 compiler-design expression-evaluation

Answer key ☟

4.7 Grammar (5)

4.7.1 Grammar: GATE CSE 2006 | Question: 32, ISRO2016-35

Consider the following statements about the context free grammar

I. is ambiguous
II. produces all strings with equal number of ’s and ’s
III. can be accepted by a deterministic PDA.

Which combination below expresses all the true statements about ?

A. I only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III

gatecse-2006 compiler-design grammar normal isro2016

Answer key ☟

4.7.2 Grammar: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 52

Consider the following grammar.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A. The length of every string produced by this grammar is even

B. No string produced by this grammar has three consecutive
C. The length of substring produced by is always odd
D. No string produced by this grammar has four consecutive

isro2014 compiler-design grammar parsing

Answer key ☟

4.7.3 Grammar: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 35

Given the grammar

Which of the following statements is wrong?

A. Grammar is not ambiguous B. Priority of over is ensured

C. Right to left evaluation of and happens D. None of these
isro-2020 compiler-design grammar easy

Answer key ☟

4.7.4 Grammar: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 75

A grammar is defined as
 The non terminal alphabet of the grammar is

A.
B.
C.
D.

isro-2020 compiler-design grammar parsing easy

Answer key ☟

4.7.5 Grammar: ISRO-2013-6

Which of the following productions eliminate left recursion in the productions given below:

A.
B.
C.
D.

isro2013 parsing grammar

Answer key ☟

4.8 Intermediate Code (2)

4.8.1 Intermediate Code: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 38

Relative to the program translated by a compiler, the same program when interpreted runs

A. Faster B. Slower
C. At the same speed D. May be faster or slower
isro2008 compiler-design intermediate-code

Answer key ☟

4.8.2 Intermediate Code: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 28

Incremental-Compiler is a compiler:

a. which is written in a language that is different from the source language

b. compiles the whole source code to generate object code afresh
c. compiles only those portion of source code that have been modified
d. that runs on one machine but produces object code for another machine

isro2018 compiler-design intermediate-code

Answer key ☟

4.9 Lexical Analysis (2)

4.9.1 Lexical Analysis: GATE CSE 2000 | Question: 1.18, ISRO2015-25

The number of tokens in the following C statement is

printf("i=%d, &i=%x", i, &i);
 A. B. C. D.
gatecse-2000 compiler-design lexical-analysis easy isro2015

Answer key ☟

4.9.2 Lexical Analysis: ISRO 2017-79

The output of a lexical analyzer is

A. A parse tree B. Intermediate code

C. Machine code D. A stream of tokens
isro2017 compiler-design lexical-analysis

Answer key ☟

4.10 Operator Grammar (1)

4.10.1 Operator Grammar: ISRO2015-26

Which grammar rules violate the requirement of the operator grammar? are variables and
are terminals

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

a. only b. and c. and d. and

isro2015 compiler-design operator-grammar parsing

Answer key ☟

4.11 Operator Precedence (1)

4.11.1 Operator Precedence: GATE CSE 2000 | Question: 2.21, ISRO2015-24

Given the following expression grammar:

Which of the following is true?

A. has higher precedence than B. has higher precedence than

C. and have same precedence D. has higher precedence than
gatecse-2000 operator-precedence normal compiler-design isro2015

Answer key ☟

4.12 Parameter Passing (2)

4.12.1 Parameter Passing: GATE CSE 2004 | Question: 2,ISRO2017-54

Consider the following function

void swap(int a, int b)
{
int temp;
 temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}

In order to exchange the values of two variables and .

A. call
B. call
C. cannot be used as it does not return any value
D. cannot be used as the parameters are passed by value

gatecse-2004 compiler-design programming-in-c parameter-passing easy isro2017 runtime-environment

Answer key ☟

4.12.2 Parameter Passing: ISRO2015-80

Consider the following code fragment

void foo(int x, int y)
{
x+=y;
y+=x;
}
main()
{
int x=5.5;
foo(x,x);
}

What is the final value of in both call by value and call by reference, respectively?

A. and B. and C. and D. and

isro2015 compiler-design runtime-environment parameter-passing

Answer key ☟

4.13 Parsing (8)

4.13.1 Parsing: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 43

Which variable does not drive a terminal string in grammar?

A. A B. B C. C D. S
isro2011 compiler-design parsing

Answer key ☟

4.13.2 Parsing: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 5

What is the number of steps required to derive the string for the following grammar?
 A. B.
C. D.
isro2014 compiler-design parsing

Answer key ☟

4.13.3 Parsing: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 40

Recursive descent parsing is an example of

A. Top-down parsers B. Bottom-up parsers

C. Predictive parsers D. None of the above
isro2016 compiler-design parsing

Answer key ☟

4.13.4 Parsing: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 41

A top-down parser generates

A. Rightmost Derivation B. Rightmost derivation in reverse

C. Leftmost derivation D. Leftmost derivation in reverse
isro2016 compiler-design parsing

Answer key ☟

4.13.5 Parsing: ISRO-2013-5

Shift reduce parsing belongs to a class of

A. Bottom up parsing. B. Top down parsing.

C. Recursive parsing. D. Predictive parsing.
isro2013 parsing

Answer key ☟

4.13.6 Parsing: ISRO2015-27

Which one of the following is a top-down parser?

A. Recursive descent parser B. Shift left associative parser

C. parser D. parser
isro2015 compiler-design parsing

Answer key ☟

4.13.7 Parsing: ISRO2015-28

Yacc stands for

A. yet accept compiler constructs B. yet accept compiler compiler

C. yet another compiler constructs D. yet another compiler compiler
isro2015 compiler-design parsing

Answer key ☟

4.13.8 Parsing: ISRO2015-29

Which statement is true?

A. LALR parser is more powerful and costly as compare to other parsers

B. All CFG's are LP and not all grammars are uniquely defined
C. Every SLR grammar is unambiguous but not every unambiguous grammar is SLR
 D. is the most general back tracking shift reduce parsing method

isro2015 compiler-design parsing

Answer key ☟

4.14 Runtime Environment (1)

4.14.1 Runtime Environment: GATE CSE 1998 | Question: 1.25, ISRO2008-41

In a resident – OS computer, which of the following systems must reside in the main memory under all
situations?

A. Assembler B. Linker C. Loader D. Compiler

gate1998 compiler-design runtime-environment normal isro2008

Answer key ☟

4.15 Symbol Table (1)

4.15.1 Symbol Table: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 78

A symbol table of length is processing entries at any instant. What is occupation density?

A. B. C. D.
isro2011 compiler-design symbol-table

Answer key ☟

4.16 Variable Binding (1)

4.16.1 Variable Binding: ISRO-2013-7

Consider the following psuedocode:

x: integer := 1
y: integer := 2
procedure add
x:= x + y
procedure second (P: Procedure)
x: integer := 2
p()
procedure first
y: integer := 3
second (add)
first ()
write_integer(x)

What does it print if the language uses dynamic scoping with deep binding?

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 runtime-environment variable-binding

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
4.0.1 D 4.0.2 C 4.1.1 D 4.1.2 C 4.2.1 A
4.2.2 C 4.2.3 X 4.2.4 D 4.2.5 B 4.2.6 D
4.2.7 X 4.2.8 D 4.2.9 D 4.3.1 B 4.4.1 C
4.5.1 D 4.6.1 C 4.7.1 B 4.7.2 D 4.7.3 D
4.7.4 A 4.7.5 B 4.8.1 B 4.8.2 C 4.9.1 C
4.9.2 D 4.10.1 D 4.11.1 B 4.12.1 D 4.12.2 C
4.13.1 C 4.13.2 A 4.13.3 A 4.13.4 C 4.13.5 A
4.13.6 A 4.13.7 D 4.13.8 C 4.14.1 C 4.15.1 A
4.16.1 C
5 Computer Networks (153)

5.0.1 ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 58

Assume the following information.

Original timestamp value

Receive timestamp value
Transmit timestamp value
Timestamp at arrival of packet

​Which of the following statements is correct?

A. Receive clock should go back by milliseconds

B. Transmit and Receive clocks are synchronized
C. Transmit clock should go back by milliseconds
D. Receive clock should go ahead by milliseconds

isro2014 computer-networks icmp

Answer key ☟

5.0.2 ISRO-2013-19

What is the maximum number of characters (7 bits + parity) that can be transmitted in a second on a
Kbps line. This asynchronous transmission requires start bit and stop bit.

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 serial-communication

Answer key ☟

5.0.3 ISRO-2013-44

Which algorithm is used to shape the bursty traffic into a fixed rate traffic by averaging the data rate?

A. Solid bucket algorithm B. Spanning tree algorithm

C. Hocken helm algorithm D. Leaky bucket algorithm
isro2013 computer-networks

Answer key ☟

5.0.4 ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 5

What is the primary purpose of a VLAN?

A. Demonstrating the proper layout for a network B. Simulating a network
C. To create a virtual private network D. Segmenting a network inside a switch or device
isro2009 computer-networks

Answer key ☟

5.0.5 ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 19

Assume that each character code consists of bits. The number of characters that can be transmitted per
second through a synchronous serial line at baud rate, and with two stop bits is

A. B. C. D.
isro2007 serial-communication
 Answer key ☟

5.0.6 ISRO2015-51

How many characters per sec can be transmitted over a bps line if the transfer is
synchronous start and stop bit)?

A. B. C. D.
isro2015 computer-networks serial-communication

Answer key ☟

5.0.7 ISRO ECE 2016 | Networks

A typical optical fiber has

a. high refractive index core & low refractive index cladding

b. Low refractive index core & high refractive index cladding
c. Uniform refractive index core surrounded by variable refractive index cladding
d. None of the above

isro2016-ece computer-networks

Answer key ☟

5.0.8 ISRO ECE 2016 | Networks

An FM signal at MHz IF needs to be digitized for demodulation in a digital domain. If the bandwidth
of this signal is kHz, the maximum usable sampling frequency is

a. kHz b. kHz c. kHz d. kHz

isro2016-ece computer-networks

Answer key ☟

5.0.9 ISRO ECE 2016 | Networks

Hamming codes are used for

a. Burst error correction b. Signal error correction

c. Both (a) and (b) d. None of the above
isro2016-ece computer-networks

Answer key ☟

5.0.10 ISRO ECE 2015 | Networks

Which of the following modulation scheme requires minimum power for transmission?

a. QPSK b. -QAM c. -PSK d. -QAM

isro2015-ece computer-networks

5.0.11 ISRO ECE 2015 | Networks

A signal transmitted from an Earth station bounces back from a geostationary satellite, with an altitude of
km from the Earth surface. The range from the Earth station, is km. The round trip time is
about: (excluding processing delays and assuming

a. ms b. ms c. ms d. ms
computer-networks isro2015-ece
 Answer key ☟

5.0.12 ISRO ECE 2015 | Computer networks

A communication channel is having a bandwidth of Hz. The transmitted power is such that the
received Signal-to-Noise ratio is The maximum data rate that can be transmitted error-free through
the channel is:

a. Kbps b. Mbps c. Kbps d. Kbps

isro2015-ece computer-networks isro-ece

Answer key ☟

5.0.13 ISRO ECE 2014 | Computer Network

Match the following:

Gaussian Calls on a telephone
A 1
distribution channel
Rayleigh
B 2 Random number
distribution
C Poisson distribution 3 Thermal noise
Fading channel in wireless
D Uniform distribution 4
communication

A. B.
C. D.
isro-ece isro2014-ece computer-networks

Answer key ☟

5.0.14 ISRO ECE 2014 | Computer Networks

In a fiber-optic cable, which phenomenon occurs for signal to propagate along the inner core:

A. Modulation B. Reflection C. Refraction D. All of the above

computer-networks isro2014-ece isro-ece

Answer key ☟

5.0.15 ISRO ECE 2014 | : Network

In satellite communication, scrambling is mainly used for:

a. Clock recovery b. Encryption

c. limiting power spectral density d. bandwidth efficiency
isro-ece isro2014-ece computer-networks

Answer key ☟

5.0.16 ISRO ECE 2012 | Networks

Following constellation diagram represents:

 a. PSK

b. QAM
c. APSK

d. All the above

isro-ece isro2012-ece computer-networks

5.0.17 ISRO 2011-ECE Networks

The channel capacity under the Gaussian noise environment for a discrete memory less channel with a
bandwidth of 4 MHz and SNR 31 is
a. 20 Mbps
b. 4 Mbps
c. 8 Kbps
d. 4 Kbps
computer-networks isro2011-ece isro-ece

5.0.18 ISRO 2011-ECE Computer Networks

In satellite communication, frequency modulation is used because satellite channel has

a. High Modulation index

b. Small bandwith and negligible noise
c. Large bandwidth and severe noise
d. Maximum Bandwidth and Minimum noise
computer-networks isro-ece isro2011-ece

5.0.19 ISRO 2011-ECE COmputer Networks

The critical angle of an optical fiber is given by __________ where n1 is refractive index of medium 1 and
n2 is the refractive index of medium 2

a) (n2/n1)

b) (n1/n2)

c) (n2*n1)

d) n2
isro-ece isro2011-ece computer-networks

5.0.20 ISRO 2011-ECE Computer networks

The bandwidth of a 'N' bit binary coded PCM signal for modulating a signal having bandwidth of f Hz is
a. f/N Hz.

b. f

c. Nf

d. N
isro-ece isro2011-ece computer-networks

Answer key ☟

5.0.21 ISRO 2011-ECE Computer networks

The modulation normally used with digital data is

a) AM

b) FM

c) SSB

d) QPSK
isro-ece isro2011-ece computer-networks

5.0.22 ISRO 2011-ECE Computer Networks

Go-stationary satellites are placed in equatorial orbits at the height approximately

a. 1000 km

b. 15000 km

c. 25000 km

d. 36000 km
isro-ece isro2011-ece computer-networks

Answer key ☟

5.0.23 ISRO 2011-ECE Computer networks

In phase modulated signal, the frequency deviation is proportional to

a. Frequency only

b. Amplitude only

c. Both (a) and (b)

d. none of the above

isro-ece isro2011-ece computer-networks

Answer key ☟

5.0.24 ISRO 2011-ECE Computer networks

For a fast communication which of the following requirements have to be met

 a. Large bandwidth

b. High S/N ratio

c. High channel capacity

d. None of the above

isro-ece isro2011-ece computer-networks

5.0.25 ISRO 2011- ECE Computer networks

_________ is used to describe the light gathering or light collecting ability of an optical fiber

a. Critical angle

b. Cut-off wavelength

c. Numerical Aperture

d. Acceptance angle
isro-ece isro2011-ece computer-networks

Answer key ☟

5.0.26 ISRO 2009-ECE Ethernet

The ethernet protocol uses

a) CSMA/CA

b) SCPC

c) CSMA/CD

d) Slotted ALOHA
isro-ece computer-networks

Answer key ☟

5.0.27 ISRO 2009- ECE Code efficiency

A source produces 4 symbols with probabilities 1/2,1/4,1/8,1/8. For this source, a practical coding scheme
has an average code- word length of 2 bits/symbol. The efficiency of the code is

a) 1

b) 7/8

c) 1/2

d) 1/4
isro-ece

Answer key ☟
5.0.28 ISRO 2008- ECE Switch and Hub

Difference between a switch and Hub

(a) Both are same

(b) Switch avoids flooding

(c) Hub avoids broadcast

(d) None of the above

isro-ece computer-networks

Answer key ☟

5.0.29 ISRO 2008- ECE 100 Base T

100 Base T refers to

(a) Fibre connectivity

(b) BNC connectors

(c) SONET

(d) Twisted pair

isro-ece computer-networks

Answer key ☟

5.0.30 ISRO 2008-ECE RS 232 interface

RS-232 interface
(a) Uses only positive voltage
(b) Cannot transmit signals over long distance .
(c) Uses only negative voltage
(d) A logic high uses positive voltage

isro-ece computer-networks

5.0.31 ISRO 2015 UDP/TCP [EE]

The transport layer protocol used for real time multimedia, file transfer, DNS and e-mail respectively are

(a) TCP, UDP, UDP and TCP

(b) UDP, TCP, UDP and TCP

(c) UDP, TCP, TCP and UDP

(d) TCP, UDP, TCP and UDP

isro-ee computer-networks

Answer key ☟
5.0.32 ISRO 2015- Optical fiber [EE]

The cladding which surrounds the optic fiber line is used

(a) To protect the fiber
(b) To reduce optical interference
(c) Because it help to guide light in the core
(d) To ensure that refractive index remains constant

isro-ee computer-networks

Answer key ☟

5.0.33 ISRO-DEC2017-31

In the IPv4 addressing format, the number of networks allowed under Class C addresses is

A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

5.0.34 ISRO-DEC2017-30

Which of the following are used to generate a message digest by the network security protocols?

(P) SHA-256
(Q) AES
(R) DES
(S) MD5

A. P and S only B. P and Q only C. R and S only D. P and R only

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

5.0.35 ISRO-DEC2017-33

Assume that Source and Destination are connected through an intermediate router
How many times a packet has to visit the network layer and data link layer during a transmission from to
?

A. Network layer times, Data link layer times

B. Network layer times, Data link layer times
C. Network layer times, Data link layer times
D. Network layer times, Data link layer times

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

5.0.36 ISRO-DEC2017-35

Consider the set of activities related to e-mail

Send an e-mail from a mail client to mail

A:
server.
 Download e-mail headers from mailbox and
B: retrieve mails from server to cache

C: Checking e-mail through a web browser

The application level protocol used for each activity in the same sequence is

A. SMTP,HTTPS,IMAP B. SMTP,POP,IMAP

C. SMTP,IMAP,HTTPS D. SMTP,IMAP,POP

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

5.0.37 ISRO-DEC2017-36

Station uses packets to transmit messages to Station using a sliding window protocol.
The round trip time delay between and is and the bottleneck bandwidth on the path
and is What is the optimal window size that should use?

A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

5.0.38 ISRO-DEC2017-34

Generally, TCP is reliable and UDP is not reliable. DNS which has to be reliable uses UDP because

A. UDP is slower.
B. DNS servers has to keep connections.
C. DNS requests are generally very small and fit well within UDP segments.
D. None of these.

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

5.0.39 ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 59

Which of the following is the cause of Ping of death issue related to ICMP packets?
A. Buffer overflow B. Divide by ZERO
C. Missing input sanitisation D. Privilege escalation

isro-cse-2023 computer-networks icmp

Answer key ☟

5.0.40 ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 17

Match the following context of information Secuirty which are closely associated
Matching
(i) Ingress Filtering (P) Data Leakage Prevention
(ii) Egress Filtering (Q) Hiding indentity of systems
(iii) NAT (R) Keep Track of TCP/IP connections
(iv) Stateful firewall (S) Malicious traffic prevention
 A. (i) - (S), (ii) - (P), (iii) - (Q), (iv) - (R)
B. (i) - (P), (ii) - (R), (iii) - (S), (iv) - (Q)
C. (i) - (S), (ii) - (R), (iii) - (P), (iv) - (Q)
D. (i) - (R), (ii) - (Q), (iii) - (S), (iv) - (P)

isro-cse-2023 computer-networks match-the-following

5.1 Application Layer Protocols (1)

5.1.1 Application Layer Protocols: GATE CSE 2008 | Question: 14, ISRO2016-74

What is the maximum size of data that the application layer can pass on to the TCP layer below?

A. Any size B. bytes - size of TCP header

C. bytes D. bytes
gatecse-2008 easy computer-networks application-layer-protocols isro2016

Answer key ☟

5.2 CRC Polynomial (4)

5.2.1 CRC Polynomial: GATE CSE 2007 | Question: 68, ISRO2016-73

The message is to be transmitted using the CRC polynomial to protect it from errors.
The message that should be transmitted is:

A. B. C. D.

gatecse-2007 computer-networks error-detection crc-polynomial normal isro2016

Answer key ☟

5.2.2 CRC Polynomial: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 11

________ can detect burst error of length less than or equal to degree of the polynomial and detects burst
errors that affect odd number of bits.

A. Hamming Code
B. CRC
C. VRC
D. None of the above

isro2018 computer-networks crc-polynomial

Answer key ☟

5.2.3 CRC Polynomial: ISRO-2013-40

If the frame to be transmitted is and the CRC polynomial to be used for generating checksum
is , than what is the transmitted frame?

A. B.
C. D.
isro2013 computer-networks crc-polynomial

Answer key ☟
 5.2.4 CRC Polynomial: ISRO2015-52

In CRC if the data unit is and the divisor is then what is dividend at the receiver?

A. B. C. D.
isro2015 computer-networks crc-polynomial

Answer key ☟

5.3 CSMA CD (2)

5.3.1 CSMA CD: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 6

Which of the following transmission media is not readily suitable to CSMA operation?

A. Radio B. Optical fibers C. Coaxial cable D. Twisted pair

isro2008 computer-networks csma-cd

Answer key ☟

5.3.2 CSMA CD: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 69

In Ethernet CSMA/CD, the special bit sequence transmitted by media access management to handle
collision is called

A. Preamble B. Postamble C. Jam D. None of these

computer-networks csma-cd isro2016

Answer key ☟

5.4 Communication (7)

5.4.1 Communication: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 20

If the bandwidth of a signal is kHz and the lowest frequency is kHz, what is the highest frequency

A. kHz B. kHz C. kHz D. kHz

isro2007 communication

Answer key ☟

5.4.2 Communication: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 22

Phase transition for each bit are used in

A. Amplitude modulation B. Carrier modulation
C. Manchester encoding D. NRZ encoding
isro2007 computer-networks communication

Answer key ☟

5.4.3 Communication: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 24, ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 67

Bit stuffing refers to

A. inserting a in user stream to differentiate it with a flag

B. inserting a in flag stream to avoid ambiguity
C. appending a nipple to the flag sequence
D. appending a nipple to the use data stream
 isro2007 communication isro2016

Answer key ☟

5.4.4 Communication: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 9

What is the bandwidth of the signal that ranges from kHz MHz

A. MHz B. kHz C. MHz D. kHz

isro2008 communication non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

5.4.5 Communication: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 1

The encoding technique used to transmit the signal in giga ethernet technology over fiber optic medium is

A. Differential Manchester encoding B. Non return to zero

C. encoding D. encoding
computer-networks isro2011 communication

Answer key ☟

5.4.6 Communication: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 45

Consider a kbps satellite channel with a milliseconds round trip propagation delay. If the sender
wants to transmit bit frames, how much time will it take for the receiver to receive the frame?

A. milliseconds B. milliseconds
C. milliseconds D. milliseconds
isro2014 computer-networks communication

Answer key ☟

5.4.7 Communication: ISRO2015-49

What frequency range is used for microwave communications, satellite and radar?

A. Low frequency kHz to kHz

B. Medium frequency kHz to MHz
C. Super high frequency MHz to MHz
D. Extremely high frequency kHz

isro2015 computer-networks communication

Answer key ☟

5.5 Cryptography (7)

5.5.1 Cryptography: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 7

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is based on

A. Asymmetric key algorithm B. Symmetric key algorithm

C. Public key algorithm D. Key exchange
isro2009 computer-networks cryptography network-security

Answer key ☟

5.5.2 Cryptography: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 35

is a widely used hash function for producing hash value of

 A. bits B. bits C. bits D. bits
isro2017 computer-networks network-security cryptography

Answer key ☟

5.5.3 Cryptography: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 78

Which one of the following algorithm is not used in asymmetric key cryptography?

a. RSA Algorithm b. Gillie-Hellman Algorithm

c. Electronic Code Book Algorithm d. None of the above
isro2018 computer-networks network-security cryptography

Answer key ☟

5.5.4 Cryptography: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 44

In a columnar transportation cipher, the plain text is “the tomato is a plant in the night shade family”,
keyword is “ ”. The cipher text is

A.
B.
C.
D.

isro-2020 computer-networks cryptography normal

Answer key ☟

5.5.5 Cryptography: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 45

Avalanche effect in cryptography refers

A. Large changes in cipher text when the keyword is changed minimally

B. Large changes in cipher text when the plain text is changed
C. Large Impact of keyword change to length of the cipher text
D. None of the above

isro-2020 computer-networks cryptography normal

Answer key ☟

5.5.6 Cryptography: ISRO-2013-21

What will be the cipher text produced by the following cipher function for the plain text ISRO with key
. [ Consider ]

A. RJCH B. QIBG C. GQPM D. XPIN

isro2013 cryptography

Answer key ☟

5.5.7 Cryptography: ISRO-2013-46

Which of the following encryption algorithms is based on the Feistal structure?

A. Advanced Encryption Standard B. RSA public key cryptographic algorithm
C. Data Encryption standard D. RC4
isro2013 cryptography
 Answer key ☟

5.6 Distance Vector Routing (1)

5.6.1 Distance Vector Routing: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 34

Match with the suitable one :

A. B.
C. D.
isro2017 computer-networks distance-vector-routing

Answer key ☟

5.7 Dns (2)

5.7.1 Dns: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 80

When a DNS server accepts and uses incorrect information from a host that has no authority giving that
information, then it is called

A. DNS lookup B. DNS hijacking

C. DNS spoofing D. None of the mentioned
isro2016 computer-networks dns

Answer key ☟

5.7.2 Dns: ISRO2015-44

The DNS maps the IP address to

A. A binary address as strings B. A n alphanumeric address

C. A hierarchy of domain names D. A hexadecimal address
isro2015 computer-networks dns

Answer key ☟

5.8 Encoding (2)

5.8.1 Encoding: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 13

By using an eight bit optical encoder the degree of resolution that can be obtained is (approximately)

A. B. C. D.
isro2007 communication encoding

Answer key ☟

5.8.2 Encoding: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 52

To send same bit sequence, encoding require

A. Same clock frequency as Manchester encoding

B. Half the clock frequency as Manchester encoding
C. Twice the clock frequency as Manchester encoding
 D. A clock frequency which depend on number of zeroes and ones in the bit sequence

isro-2020 computer-networks encoding normal

Answer key ☟

5.9 Error Correction (2)

5.9.1 Error Correction: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 48

The hamming distance between the octets of and is

A. B. C. D.
isro2011 computer-networks error-correction hamming-code

Answer key ☟

5.9.2 Error Correction: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 3

Which of the following is true?

A. Both Parity and Cyclic Redundancy Check are error correcting codes
B. Both Parity and Low Density Parity Check Code are error correcting codes
C. Both Reed-Solomon code and Low Density Parity Check Code are error correcting codes
D. Both Cyclic Redundancy Check and Low Density Parity Check Code are error correcting codes

isro-cse-2023 error-correction computer-networks

Answer key ☟

5.10 Error Detection (3)

5.10.1 Error Detection: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 79

Repeated execution of simple computation may cause compounding of

A. round-off errors B. syntax errors

C. run-time errors D. logic errors
isro2008 computer-networks error-detection

Answer key ☟

5.10.2 Error Detection: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 50

Data is transmitted continuously at Mbps rate for hours and received bits errors. What is the
bit error rate?

A. B. C. D.
isro2011 computer-networks error-detection

Answer key ☟

5.10.3 Error Detection: ISRO-2013-18

How many check bits are required for bit data word to detect bit errors and single bit correction using
hamming code?

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 error-detection
 Answer key ☟

5.11 Ethernet (6)

5.11.1 Ethernet: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 21

An Ethernet hub

A. functions as a repeater B. connects to a digital PBX

C. connects to a token-ring network D. functions as a gateway
isro2007 computer-networks ethernet

Answer key ☟

5.11.2 Ethernet: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 5

In Ethernet, the source address field in the MAC frame is the _______ address.

A. original sender's physical B. previous station's physical

C. next destination's physical D. original sender's service port
isro2008 computer-networks ethernet

Answer key ☟

5.11.3 Ethernet: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 61

A mechanism or technology used in Ethernet by which two connected devices choose common
transmission parameters such as speed, duplex mode and flow control is called

A. Autosense B. Synchronization C. Pinging D. Auto negotiation

isro2014 computer-networks ethernet

Answer key ☟

5.11.4 Ethernet: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 33

An Ethernet frame that is less than the minimum length of octets is called

A. Short frame B. Small frame C. Mini frame D. Runt frame

isro2017 computer-networks ethernet

Answer key ☟

5.11.5 Ethernet: ISRO-2013-38

In the Ethernet, which field is actually added at the physical layer and is not part of the frame.

A. Preamble B. CRC C. Address D. Location

isro2013 computer-networks ethernet

Answer key ☟

5.11.6 Ethernet: ISRO-2013-39

Ethernet layer- switch is a network element type which gives.

A. Different collision domain and same broadcast domain.

B. Different collision domain and different broadcast domain.
C. Same collision domain and same broadcast domain.
D. Same collision domain and different broadcast domain.
 isro2013 computer-networks ethernet

Answer key ☟

5.12 Firewall (1)

5.12.1 Firewall: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 77

What is one advantage of setting up a (Demilitarized Zone) with two firewalls?

A. You can control where traffic goes in the three networks

B. You can do statefull packet filtering
C. You can do load balancing
D. Improve network performance

isro2018 computer-networks network-security firewall

Answer key ☟

5.13 Huffman Code (1)

5.13.1 Huffman Code: ISRO 2010- ECE Huffman code length

A zero memory source emits six messages with probabilities 0.3, 0.25, 0.15, 0.12, 0.1 and 0.08. If binary
Huffman coding is used, what will be the average code length?

a) 2.45 bits

b) 3.45 bits

c) 2.54 bits

d) 3.54 bits
isro-ece computer-networks huffman-code

Answer key ☟

5.14 IP Addressing (2)

5.14.1 IP Addressing: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 32

The network is a

A. Class A network B. Class B network

C. Class C network D. Class D network
isro2008 computer-networks ip-addressing

Answer key ☟

5.14.2 IP Addressing: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 6

The process of modifying IP address information in IP packet headers while in transit across a traffic
routing device is called

A. Port address translation (PAT) B. Network address translation (NAT)

C. Address mapping D. Port mapping
isro2014 computer-networks ip-addressing

Answer key ☟

5.15 IP Packet (3)

 5.15.1 IP Packet: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 74

Use of IPSEC in tunnel mode results in

A. IP packet with same header B. IP packet with new header
C. IP packet without header D. No changes in IP packet
isro2009 computer-networks ip-packet

Answer key ☟

5.15.2 IP Packet: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 31

A IP packet has arrived in which the fragmentation offset value is the value of is and the value
of total length field is What is the number of the last byte?

A. B. C. D.
computer-networks ip-packet isro2014

Answer key ☟

5.15.3 IP Packet: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 55

An IP packet has arrived with the first bits as Which of the following is correct?

A. The number of hops this packet can travel is

B. The total number of bytes in header is bytes
C. The upper layer protocol is ICMP
D. The receiver rejects the packet

isro2014 computer-networks ip-packet

Answer key ☟

5.16 Inter Process Communication (1)

5.16.1 Inter Process Communication: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 58

Remote Procedure Calls are used for

A. communication between two processes remotely different from each other on the same system
B. communication between two processes on the same system
C. communication between two processes on the separate systems
D. none of the above

isro-2020 computer-networks inter-process-communication normal

Answer key ☟

5.17 Ipv6 (1)

5.17.1 Ipv6: ISRO-2013-42

IPv6 does not support which of the following addressing modes?

A. Unicast addressing B. Multicast addressing

C. Broadcast addressing D. Anycast addressing
isro2013 computer-networks ipv6

Answer key ☟

5.18 LAN Technologies (1)

 5.18.1 LAN Technologies: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 4

On a LAN ,where are IP datagrams transported?

A. In the LAN header B. In the application field

C. In the information field of the LAN frame D. After the TCP header
isro2008 computer-networks lan-technologies

Answer key ☟

5.19 Link State Routing (1)

5.19.1 Link State Routing: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 26

If there are five routers and six networks in intranet using link state routing, how many routing tables are
there?

A. B. C. D.
isro2007 computer-networks routing link-state-routing

Answer key ☟

5.20 MAC Protocol (4)

5.20.1 MAC Protocol: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 4

Which of the following is a MAC address?

A. B.
C. D.
isro2009 computer-networks mac-protocol

Answer key ☟

5.20.2 MAC Protocol: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 20

The standard for WiMax technology is

A. B.
C. D.
isro2011 non-gatecse computer-networks mac-protocol

Answer key ☟

5.20.3 MAC Protocol: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 71

Which of the following is not a valid multicast MAC address?

A. B.
C. D.
computer-networks mac-protocol isro2014

Answer key ☟

5.20.4 MAC Protocol: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 32

Which media access control protocol is used by wireless LAN?

A. CDMA B. CSMA/CA C. ALOHA D. None of the above

isro2017 computer-networks mac-protocol

Answer key ☟
5.21 Network Layer (2)

5.21.1 Network Layer: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 2

In networking, UTP stands for

A. Unshielded T-connector port B. Unshielded twisted pair

C. Unshielded terminating pair D. Unshielded transmission process
isro2009 computer-networks network-layer

Answer key ☟

5.21.2 Network Layer: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 28

In networking terminology UTP means

A. Uniquitous teflon port B. Uniformly terminating port

C. Unshielded twisted pair D. Unshielded T-connector port
isro2017 computer-networks network-layer

Answer key ☟

5.22 Network Layering (3)

5.22.1 Network Layering: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 75

When a host on network A sends a message to a host on network B, which address does the router look at?

A. Port B. IP C. Physical D. Subnet mask

isro2007 computer-networks network-layering

Answer key ☟

5.22.2 Network Layering: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 32

In which layer of network architecture, the secured socket layer (SSL) is used?
A. physical layer B. session layer
C. application layer D. presentation layer
isro2011 computer-networks network-security network-layering

Answer key ☟

5.22.3 Network Layering: ISRO2015-58

Which layers of the OSI reference model are host-to-host layers?

A. Transport, session, presentation, application

B. Session, presentation, application
C. Datalink, transport, presentation, application
D. Physical, datalink, network, transport

isro2015 computer-networks network-layering

Answer key ☟

5.23 Network Protocols (9)

5.23.1 Network Protocols: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 63

Which of these is not a feature of

A. Push and Pull Model B. Interface to a storage device

 C. Multimedia messaging D. Hashing
isro2007 network-protocols

Answer key ☟

5.23.2 Network Protocols: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 10

Which Project standard provides for a collision-free protocol?

A. B. C. D.
isro2008 computer-networks network-protocols

Answer key ☟

5.23.3 Network Protocols: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 3

The address resolution protocol (ARP) is used for

A. Finding the IP address from the DNS

B. Finding the IP address of the default gateway
C. Finding the IP address that corresponds to a MAC address
D. Finding the MAC address that corresponds to an IP address

isro2009 computer-networks network-protocols

Answer key ☟

5.23.4 Network Protocols: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 12

The network protocol which is used to get MAC address of a node by providing IP address is

A. SMTP B. ARP C. RIP D. BOOTP

isro2011 computer-networks network-protocols

Answer key ☟

5.23.5 Network Protocols: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 69

Lightweight Directory Access protocol is used for

A. Routing the packets B. Authentication

C. obtaining IP address D. domain name resolving
isro2011 computer-networks network-protocols

Answer key ☟

5.23.6 Network Protocols: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 70

Which network protocol allows hosts to dynamically get a unique IP number on each bootup

A. DHCP B. BOOTP C. RARP D. ARP

isro2016 computer-networks network-protocols

Answer key ☟

5.23.7 Network Protocols: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 31

Which of the following protocol is used for transferring electronic mail messages from one machine to
another?

A. TELNET B. FTP C. SNMP D. SMTP

 isro2017 computer-networks network-protocols

Answer key ☟

5.23.8 Network Protocols: ISRO-2013-47

The protocol data unit for the transport layer in the internet stack is

A. Segment B. Message C. Datagram D. Frame

isro2013 network-protocols

Answer key ☟

5.23.9 Network Protocols: ISRO2015-56

Which statement is false?

A. PING is a TCP/IP application that sends datagrams once every second in the hope of an echo response from
the machine being PINGED
B. If the machine is connected and running a TCP/IP protocol stack, it should respond to the PING datagram with
a datagram of its own
C. If PING encounters an error condition, an ICMP message is not returned
D. PING display the time of the return response in milliseconds or one of several error message

isro2015 computer-networks network-protocols

Answer key ☟

5.24 Network Security (13)

5.24.1 Network Security: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 68

SSL is not responsible for

A. Mutual authentication of client & server B. Secret communication

C. Data Integrity protection D. Error detection and correction
isro2007 computer-networks network-security

Answer key ☟

5.24.2 Network Security: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 70

The standard for certificates used on internet is

A. B. C. D.
isro2007 computer-networks network-security

Answer key ☟

5.24.3 Network Security: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 71

Hashed message is signed by a sender using

A. his public key B. his private key

C. receiver’s public key D. receiver’s private key
isro2007 computer-networks network-security

Answer key ☟

5.24.4 Network Security: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 59

A public key encryption system

 A. allows anyone to decode the transmissions
B. allows only the correct sender to decode the data
C. allows only the correct receiver to decode the data
D. does not encode the data before transmitting it

isro2008 computer-networks network-security

Answer key ☟

5.24.5 Network Security: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 6

is a

A. encryption algorithm B. decryption algorithm

C. key exchange algorithm D. message digest function
isro2009 computer-networks network-security

Answer key ☟

5.24.6 Network Security: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 18

An example of poly-alphabetic substitution is

A. P-box B. S-box C. Caesar cipher D. Vigenere cipher

isro2011 computer-networks network-security

Answer key ☟

5.24.7 Network Security: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 24

In a system an RSA algorithm with and , is implemented for data security. What is the value
of the decryption key if the value of the encryption key is

A. B. C. D.
isro2014 computer-networks network-security

Answer key ☟

5.24.8 Network Security: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 36

Which protocol suite designed by IETF to provide security for a packet at the Internet layer?

A. IPSec B. NetSec C. PacketSec D. SSL

isro2017 computer-networks network-security

Answer key ☟

5.24.9 Network Security: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 37

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is used in:

A. Browser security B. FTP security
C. Email security D. None of the above
isro2017 computer-networks network-security

Answer key ☟

5.24.10 Network Security: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 46

In cryptography, the following uses transposition ciphers and the keyword is LAYER. Encrypt the
following message. (Spaces are omitted during encrypton)
 a. b.
c. d.
isro2018 computer-networks network-security

Answer key ☟

5.24.11 Network Security: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 74

Avalanche effect in cryptography

a. Is desirable property of cryptographic algorithm

b. Is undesirable property of cryptographic algorithm
c. Has no effect on encryption algorithm
d. None of the above

isro2018 computer-networks network-security

Answer key ☟

5.24.12 Network Security: ISRO-2013-45

A packet filtering firewall can

A. Deny certain users from accessing a service

B. Block worms and viruses from entering the network
C. Disallow some files from being accessed through FTP
D. Block some hosts from accessing the network

isro2013 computer-networks network-security

Answer key ☟

5.24.13 Network Security: ISRO-DEC2017-29

Using public key cryptography, adds a digital signature to a message encrypts and sends it
to where it is decrypted. Which one of the following sequence of keys is used for operations ?

A. Encryption: private key followed by private key; Decryption: public key followed by public
key.
B. Encryption: private key followed by public key; Decryption: public key followed by private
key.
C. Encryption: private key followed by public key; Decryption: private key followed by public
key.
D. Encryption: public key followed by private key; Decryption: public key followed by private
key.

isrodec2017 network-security

Answer key ☟

5.25 Network topologies (2)

5.25.1 Network topologies: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 27

Physical topology of FDDI is?

A. Bus B. Ring C. Star D. None of the above

isro2017 computer-networks network-topologies
 Answer key ☟

5.25.2 Network topologies: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 30

If there are devices (nodes) in a network, what is the number of cable links required for a fully connected
mesh and a star topology respectively

A. ,
B. ,
C. ,
D. ,

isro2017 computer-networks network-topologies

Answer key ☟

5.26 Out of Gatecse Syllabus (1)

5.26.1 Out of Gatecse Syllabus: GATE CSE 1993 | Question: 6.4, ISRO2008-14

Assume that each character code consists of bits. The number of characters that can be transmitted per
second through an asynchronous serial line at baud rate, and with two stop bits is

A. B. C. D.
gate1993 computer-networks serial-communication normal isro2008 out-of-gatecse-syllabus

Answer key ☟

5.27 Routers Bridge Hubs Switches (2)

5.27.1 Routers Bridge Hubs Switches: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 71

One SAN switch has ports. All supports Gbps Fiber Channel technology. What is the aggregate
bandwidth of that SAN switch?

A. Gbps B. Mbps C. Gbps D. Gbps

isro2011 computer-networks routers-bridge-hubs-switches

Answer key ☟

5.27.2 Routers Bridge Hubs Switches: ISRO2015-48

A T-switch is used to

A. Control how messages are passed between computers

B. Echo every character that is received
C. Transmit characters one at a time
D. Rearrange the connections between computing equipments

isro2015 computer-networks routers-bridge-hubs-switches

Answer key ☟

5.28 Routing (2)

5.28.1 Routing: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 16

What is routing algorithm used by OSPF routing protocol?

A. Distance vector B. Flooding C. Path vector D. Link state

 computer-networks routing isro2014

Answer key ☟

5.28.2 Routing: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 68

Dynamic routing protocol enable routers to

A. Dynamically discover and maintain routes

B. Distribute routing updates to other routers
C. Reach agreement with other routers about the network topology
D. All of the above

isro2016 computer-networks routing

Answer key ☟

5.29 Sliding Window (3)

5.29.1 Sliding Window: GATE CSE 2009 | Question: 57, ISRO2016-75

Frames of are sent over a duplex link between two hosts. The propagation time is .
Frames are to be transmitted into this link to maximally pack them in transit (within the link).
What is the minimum number of bits that will be required to represent the sequence numbers distinctly?
Assume that no time gap needs to be given between transmission of two frames.

A. B. C. D.
gatecse-2009 computer-networks sliding-window normal isro2016

Answer key ☟

5.29.2 Sliding Window: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 8

The TCP sliding window

A. can be used to control the flow of information B. always occurs when the field value is
C. always occurs when the field value is D. occurs horizontally
isro2008 computer-networks tcp sliding-window

Answer key ☟

5.29.3 Sliding Window: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 44

Station uses byte packets to transmit messages to Station using a sliding window protocol. The
round trip delay between and is and the bottleneck bandwidth on the path between and is
. What is the optimal window size that should use?

a. b. c. d.
isro2018 computer-networks sliding-window

Answer key ☟

5.30 Slotted Aloha (1)

5.30.1 Slotted Aloha: ISRO2015-55

A certain population of ALOHA users manages to generate request/sec. If the time is slotted in units of
msec, then channel load would be

A. B. C. D.
 isro2015 computer-networks slotted-aloha

Answer key ☟

5.31 Stop and Wait (1)

5.31.1 Stop and Wait: ISRO-2013-41

What will be the efficiency of a Stop and Wait protocol, if the transmission time for a frame is ns and the
propagation time is ns?

A. % B. % C. % D. %
isro2013 computer-networks stop-and-wait

Answer key ☟

5.32 Subnetting (11)

5.32.1 Subnetting: GATE CSE 2003 | Question: 82, ISRO2009-1

The subnet mask for a particular network is Which of the following pairs of addresses
could belong to this network?

A. and B. and
C. and D. and
gatecse-2003 computer-networks subnetting normal isro2009

Answer key ☟

5.32.2 Subnetting: GATE CSE 2007 | Question: 67, ISRO2016-72

The address of a class host is to be split into subnets with a subnet number. What is the maximum
number of subnets and the maximum number of hosts in each subnet?

A. subnets and hosts. B. subnets and hosts.

C. subnets and hosts. D. subnets and hosts.
gatecse-2007 computer-networks subnetting easy isro2016

Answer key ☟

5.32.3 Subnetting: GATE CSE 2012 | Question: 34, ISRO-DEC2017-32

An Internet Service Provider (ISP) has the following chunk of CIDR-based IP addresses available with it:
. The ISP wants to give half of this chunk of addresses to Organization , and a quarter to
Organization , while retaining the remaining with itself. Which of the following is a valid allocation of addresses
to and ?

A.
B.
C.
D.

gatecse-2012 computer-networks subnetting normal isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

5.32.4 Subnetting: GATE IT 2006 | Question: 63, ISRO2015-57

A router uses the following routing table:

 Packet bearing a destination address arrives at the router. On which interface will it be forwarded?

A. eth B. eth C. eth D. eth

gateit-2006 computer-networks subnetting normal isro2015

Answer key ☟

5.32.5 Subnetting: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 73

Range of IP Address from to are

A. Reserved for loopback B. Reserved for broadcast

C. Used for multicast packets D. Reserved for future addressing
isro2007 computer-networks subnetting

Answer key ☟

5.32.6 Subnetting: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 3

The subnet mask

A. extends the network portion to bits

B. extends the network portion to bits
C. extends the network portion to bits
D. has no effect on the network portion of an IP address

isro2008 computer-networks subnetting

Answer key ☟

5.32.7 Subnetting: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 45

The broadcast address for IP network with subnet mask is

A. B.
C. D.
isro2011 computer-networks subnetting

Answer key ☟

5.32.8 Subnetting: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 75

An organization is granted the block It needs to have subnets. Which of the following is
not an address of this organization?

A. B.
C. D.
computer-networks subnetting isro2014

Answer key ☟

5.32.9 Subnetting: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 29

The default subnet mask for a class B network can be

 A. B. C. D.
isro2017 computer-networks subnetting

Answer key ☟

5.32.10 Subnetting: ISRO-2013-43

What is IP class and number of sub-networks if the subnet mask is ?

A. Class , B. Class , C. Class , D. Class ,

isro2013 computer-networks subnetting

Answer key ☟

5.32.11 Subnetting: ISRO2015-54

In a class B subnet, we know the IP address of one host and the mask as given below:
IP address
Mask
What is the first address(Network address)?

A. B.
C. D.
isro2015 computer-networks subnetting

Answer key ☟

5.33 Supernetting (1)

5.33.1 Supernetting: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 57

A supernet has a first address of and a supernet mask of A router receives

packets with the following destination addresses. Which packet belongs to this supernet?

A. B. C. D.
isro2014 computer-networks supernetting

Answer key ☟

5.34 TCP (6)

5.34.1 TCP: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 66

Silly Window Syndrome is related to

A. Error during transmission B. File transfer protocol

C. Degrade in TCP performance D. Interface problem
isro2007 computer-networks tcp

Answer key ☟

5.34.2 TCP: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 60

Suppose you are browsing the world wide web using a web browser and trying to access the web servers.
What is the underlying protocol and port number that are being used?

A. B. C. D.
isro2014 computer-networks tcp

Answer key ☟
 5.34.3 TCP: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 53

The persist timer is used in TCP to

A. To detect crashes from the other end of the connection B. To enable retransmission
C. To avoid deadlock condition D. To timeout condition
isro-2020 computer-networks tcp normal

Answer key ☟

5.34.4 TCP: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 54

Checksum field in TCP header is

A. ones complement of sum of header and data in bytes

B. ones complement of sum of header, data and pseudo header in bit words
C. dropped from header format
D. better than or methods

isro-2020 computer-networks tcp normal

Answer key ☟

5.34.5 TCP: ISRO2015-50

How many bits internet address is assigned to each host on a TCP/IP internet which is used in all
communication with the host?

A. bits B. bits C. bits D. bits

isro2015 computer-networks tcp

Answer key ☟

5.34.6 TCP: ISRO2015-53

An ACK number of in TCP always means that

A. bytes have been successfully received B. bytes have been successfully received
C. bytes have been successfully received D. None of the above
isro2015 computer-networks tcp

Answer key ☟

5.35 Token Ring (1)

5.35.1 Token Ring: GATE CSE 2007 | Question: 66, ISRO2016-71

In a token ring network the transmission speed is bps and the propagation speed is The
-bit delay in this network is equivalent to:

A. meters of cable. B. meters of cable.

C. meters of cable. D. meters of cable.
gatecse-2007 computer-networks token-ring out-of-syllabus-now isro2016

Answer key ☟

5.36 Transport Layer (1)

5.36.1 Transport Layer: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 45

Assuming that for a given network layer implementation, connection establishment overhead is
and disconnection overhead is . What would be the minimum size of the packet the
 transport layer needs to keep up, if it wishes to implement a datagram service above the network layer and needs
to keep its overhead to a minimum of (ignore transport layer overhead)

a. b. c. d.
isro2018 transport-layer

Answer key ☟

5.37 Wifi (1)

5.37.1 Wifi: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 38

What is WPA?

A. wired protected access B. wi-fi protected access

C. wired process access D. wi-fi process access
isro2017 computer-networks wifi

Answer key ☟

5.38 Wireless Networks (1)

5.38.1 Wireless Networks: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 74

is standard for
A. Ethernet
B. Bluetooth
C. Broadband Wireless
D. Wireless LANs

isro2007 computer-networks wireless-networks

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
5.0.1 A 5.0.2 C 5.0.3 D 5.0.4 D 5.0.5 C
5.0.6 A 5.0.7 Q-Q 5.0.8 Q-Q 5.0.9 Q-Q 5.0.10 Q-Q
5.0.11 Q-Q 5.0.12 Q-Q 5.0.13 Q-Q 5.0.14 Q-Q 5.0.15 Q-Q
5.0.16 Q-Q 5.0.17 Q-Q 5.0.18 Q-Q 5.0.19 Q-Q 5.0.20 Q-Q
5.0.21 Q-Q 5.0.22 Q-Q 5.0.23 Q-Q 5.0.24 Q-Q 5.0.25 Q-Q
5.0.26 Q-Q 5.0.27 Q-Q 5.0.28 Q-Q 5.0.29 Q-Q 5.0.30 Q-Q
5.0.31 Q-Q 5.0.32 Q-Q 5.0.33 D 5.0.34 A 5.0.35 D
5.0.36 C 5.0.37 B 5.0.38 C 5.0.39 Q-Q 5.0.40 N/A
5.1.1 A 5.2.1 B 5.2.2 B 5.2.3 C 5.2.4 B
5.3.1 A 5.3.2 C 5.4.1 D 5.4.2 C 5.4.3 A
5.4.4 C 5.4.5 D 5.4.6 D 5.4.7 D 5.5.1 B
5.5.2 B 5.5.3 C 5.5.4 A 5.5.5 B 5.5.6 A
5.5.7 C 5.6.1 A 5.7.1 C 5.7.2 C 5.8.1 D
5.8.2 B 5.9.1 C 5.9.2 Q-Q 5.10.1 A 5.10.2 A
5.10.3 6 5.11.1 A 5.11.2 B 5.11.3 D 5.11.4 D
5.11.5 A 5.11.6 A 5.12.1 A 5.13.1 Q-Q 5.14.1 C
5.14.2 B 5.15.1 B 5.15.2 C 5.15.3 D 5.16.1 C
5.17.1 C 5.18.1 C 5.19.1 B 5.20.1 D 5.20.2 A
5.20.3 D 5.20.4 B 5.21.1 B 5.21.2 C 5.22.1 B
5.22.2 D 5.22.3 A 5.23.1 D 5.23.2 C 5.23.3 D
5.23.4 B 5.23.5 B 5.23.6 A 5.23.7 D 5.23.8 A
5.23.9 C 5.24.1 D 5.24.2 D 5.24.3 B 5.24.4 C
5.24.5 D 5.24.6 D 5.24.7 A 5.24.8 A 5.24.9 C
5.24.10 B 5.24.11 A 5.24.12 D 5.24.13 C 5.25.1 B
5.25.2 A 5.26.1 C 5.27.1 B 5.27.2 D 5.28.1 D
5.28.2 D 5.29.1 D 5.29.2 A 5.29.3 B 5.30.1 B
5.31.1 B 5.32.1 D 5.32.2 C 5.32.3 A 5.32.4 C
5.32.5 C 5.32.6 B 5.32.7 B 5.32.8 D 5.32.9 D
5.32.10 B 5.32.11 A 5.33.1 D 5.34.1 C 5.34.2 B
5.34.3 C 5.34.4 B;C 5.34.5 B 5.34.6 D 5.35.1 C
5.36.1 D 5.37.1 B 5.38.1 D
6 Data Mining and Warehousing (2)

6.1 Knowledge Representation (2)

6.1.1 Knowledge Representation: ISRO-2013-3

Opportunistic reasoning is addressed by which of the following knowledge representation?

A. Script B. Blackboard C. Production Rules D. Fuzzy Logic

isro2013 knowledge-representation

Answer key ☟

6.1.2 Knowledge Representation: ISRO-DEC2017-78

Consider the results of a medical experiment that aims to predict whether someone is going to develop
myopia based on some physical measurements and heredity. In this case, the input dataset consists of the
person's medical characteristics and the target variable is binary: for those who are likely to develop myopia and
for those who aren't. This can be best classified as

A. Regression B. Decision Tree

C. Clustering D. Association Rules
isrodec2017 non-gatecse knowledge-representation

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
6.1.1 B 6.1.2 B
7 Databases (78)

7.0.1 ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 69

The 'command' used to change contents of one database using the contents of another database by linking
them on a common key field?

A. Replace B. Join C. Change D. Update

isro2009 databases bad-question

Answer key ☟

7.0.2 ISRO-DEC2017-12

Consider a table that describes the customers:

The rating value is an integer in the range to and only two values
are recorded for Consider the query
The best indexing mechanism appropriate for the query is

A. Linear hashing B. Extendible hashing

C. B+ tree D. Bit-mapped index
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

7.0.3 ISRO-DEC2017-13

Consider the following schema:

Two boats can have the same name but the colour differentiates them.
The two relations

If is division operation, the above set of relations represents the query

A. Names of sailors who have reserved all boats called Ganga.

B. Names of sailors who have not reserved any Ganga boat.
C. Names of sailors who have reserved at least one Ganga boat.
D. Names of sailors who have reserved at most one Ganga boat.

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

7.0.4 ISRO-DEC2017-15

Consider the following table:

facName dept office rank dateHired

Ravi Art A101 Professor 1975
Murali Math M201 Assistant 2000
 facName dept office rank dateHired
Narayanan Art A101 Associate 1992

Lakshmi Math M201 Professor 1982

Mohan CSC C101 Professor 1980
Sreeni Math M203 Associate 1990
Tanuja CSC C101 Instructor 2001
Ganesh CSC C105 Associate 1995
(Assume that no faculty member within a single department has same name. Each faculty mimber has only one
office identified in ). refers to third normal form and refers to Boyee-Codd Normal Form
Then is
A. Not in 3NF,in BCNF B. In 3NF,not in BCNF
C. In 3NF, in BCNF D. Not in 3NF, not in BCNF
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

7.0.5 ISRO-DEC2017-16

Consider the following query :

E.eno,
Employees E
E.eno
If an index on is available, the query can be answered by scanning only the index if

A. the index is only hash and clustered

B. the index is only tree and clustered
C. index can be hash or tree and clustered or non-clustered
D. index can be hash or tree and clustered

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

7.0.6 ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 7

Consider a database table containing two columns and each of type Integer. After the creation of
the table, one record is inserted in the table. Let and denote the respective
maximum values of and among all records in the table at any point in time. Using and , new
records are inserted in the table times with and values being respectively. It may
be noted that each time after the insertion, values of and change. What will be the output of the
following SQL query after the steps mentioned above are carried out?
SELECT FROM WHERE ;

A. B. C. D.

isro-cse-2023 databases

Answer key ☟

7.1 B Tree (6)

7.1.1 B Tree: GATE CSE 2007 | Question: 63, ISRO2016-59

The order of a leaf node in a - tree is the maximum number of (value, data record pointer) pairs it can
hold. Given that the block size is , data record pointer is long, the value field is
long and a block pointer is long, what is the order of the leaf node?

A. B. C. D.
gatecse-2007 databases b-tree normal isro2016

Answer key ☟

7.1.2 B Tree: GATE IT 2005 | Question: 23, ISRO2017-67

A B-Tree used as an index for a large database table has four levels including the root node. If a new key is
inserted in this index, then the maximum number of nodes that could be newly created in the process are

A. B. C. D.
gateit-2005 databases b-tree normal isro2017

Answer key ☟

7.1.3 B Tree: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 49

in a file which contains million records and the order of the tree is , then what is the maximum
number of nodes to be accessed if + tree index is used?

a. b. c. d.
isro2018 databases b-tree

Answer key ☟

7.1.4 B Tree: ISRO-2013-26

Calculate the order of leaf ( ) and non leaf (P) nodes of a tree based on the information given
below.
Search key field = field
Record pointer = bytes
Block pointer = bytes
Block size = KB

A. = 51 & p = 46 B. = 47 & p = 52
C. = 46 & p = 51 D. = 52 & p = 47
isro2013 databases b-tree

Answer key ☟

7.1.5 B Tree: ISRO-2013-27

The physical location of a record determined by a formula that transforms a file key into a record location
is

A. Hashed file B. -Tree file C. Indexed file D. Sequential file

isro2013 databases b-tree

Answer key ☟

7.1.6 B Tree: ISRO2015-39

If a node has children in tree, then the node contains exactly _____ keys.
 A. B. C. D.
isro2015 databases b-tree

Answer key ☟

7.2 Candidate Key (1)

7.2.1 Candidate Key: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 42

Let be the attributes of an entity set E. If are superkeys

then which of the following are the candidate keys?
A. and
B. and
C. and
D. and

databases candidate-key isro2014

Answer key ☟

7.3 Database Normalization (12)

7.3.1 Database Normalization: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 51

Armstrong’s inference rule doesnot determine

A. Reflexivity B. Augmentation C. Transitivity D. Mutual dependency

isro2007 databases database-normalization

Answer key ☟

7.3.2 Database Normalization: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 54

BCNF is not used for cases where a relation has

A. Two (or more) candidate keys B. Two candidate keys and composite
C. The candidate key overlap D. Two mutually exclusive foreign keys
isro2007 databases database-normalization

Answer key ☟

7.3.3 Database Normalization: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 29

Which normal form is based on the concept of 'full functional dependency' is

A. First Normal Form B. Second Normal Form

C. Third Normal Form D. Fourth Normal Form
isro2011 databases database-normalization

Answer key ☟

7.3.4 Database Normalization: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 53

In functional dependency Armstrong inference rules refers to

A. Reflexive, Augmentation and Decomposition

B. Transitive, Augmentation and Reflexive
C. Augmentation, Transitive, Reflexive and Decomposition
D. Reflexive, Transitive and Decomposition
 isro2011 databases database-normalization

Answer key ☟

7.3.5 Database Normalization: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 22

Consider the schema and the functional dependencies and . If the

decomposition is made as and , then which of the following is TRUE?

A. Preserves dependency but cannot perform lossless join

B. Preserves dependency and performs lossless join
C. Does not perform dependency and cannot perform lossless join
D. Does not preserve dependency but perform lossless join

databases isro2014 database-normalization

Answer key ☟

7.3.6 Database Normalization: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 30

Every time the attribute A appears, it is matched with the same value of attribute B but not the same value
of attribute C. Which of the following is true?

A. A -> (B,C) B. A -> B, A ->> C

C. A -> B, C ->> A D. A ->> B, B -> C
databases database-normalization isro2014

Answer key ☟

7.3.7 Database Normalization: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 63

Consider the following table

The table is in which normal form?

A. First Normal Form B. Second Normal Form
C. Third Normal Form but not BCNF D. Third Normal Form and BCNF
isro2014 databases database-normalization

Answer key ☟

7.3.8 Database Normalization: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 41

For a database relation where the domain of and include only atomic value, only the
following functions dependencies and those that can be inferred from them hold

The relation is in:

a. First normal form but not in second normal form b. Second normal form but not in third normal form
c. Third normal form d. None of the above
isro2018 database-normalization databases

Answer key ☟
 7.3.9 Database Normalization: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 5

Considering the following table in a relational database :

According to the data shown in the table, which of the following could be a candidate key of the table?

a. b. c. d.
isro2018 databases database-normalization

Answer key ☟

7.3.10 Database Normalization: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 54

The set of attributes will be fully functionally dependent on the set of attributes if the following
conditions are satisfied.
a. is functionally dependent on b. is not functionally dependent on any subset of
c. Both (a) and (b) d. None of these
isro2018 databases database-normalization

Answer key ☟

7.3.11 Database Normalization: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 50

If every non-key attribute functionally dependent on the primary key, then the relation will be in
A. First normal form B. Second normal form
C. Third normal form D. Fourth Normal form
isro-2020 databases database-normalization easy

Answer key ☟

7.3.12 Database Normalization: ISRO-2013-25

Consider the following dependencies and the BOOK table in a relational database design. Determine the
normal form of the given relation.
ISBN Title
ISBN Publisher
Publisher Address
A. First Normal Form B. Second Normal Form
C. Third Normal Form D. BCNF
isro2013 databases database-normalization

Answer key ☟

7.4 ER Diagram (5)

7.4.1 ER Diagram: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 56

Goals for the design of the logical scheme include

A. avoiding data inconsistency B. being able to construct query easily
C. being able to access data efficiently D. All of the above
 isro2016 databases er-diagram

Answer key ☟

7.4.2 ER Diagram: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 8

Which symbol denote derived attributes in ER Model?

A. Double ellipse B. Dashed ellipse
C. Squared ellipse D. Ellipse with attribute name underlined
isro2017 databases er-diagram

Answer key ☟

7.4.3 ER Diagram: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 52

In model, is the dominant entity and is subordinate entity

a. If is deleted, then is also deleted

b. If is deleted, then is also deleted
c. If is deleted, then is not deleted
d. None of the above

isro2018 er-diagram databases

Answer key ☟

7.4.4 ER Diagram: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 62

Entity Relationship model shows the

A. Static view B. Functional view
C. Dynamic view D. All of the above

isro-cse-2023 databases er-diagram

Answer key ☟

7.4.5 ER Diagram: ISRO2015-16

Consider the following Relationship Entity Diagram(ERP)

Which of the following possible relations will not hold if the above ERD is mapped into a relation model?

A. Person (NID, Name) B. Qualification (NID, ExamID, QualifiedDate)

C. Exam (ExamID, NID, ExamName) D. Exam (ExamID, ExamName)
isro2015 databases er-diagram

Answer key ☟

7.5 File System (6)

7.5.1 File System: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 70

A locked database file can be

A. Accessed by only one user B. Modified by users with the correct password
 C. Used to hide sensitive information D. Updated by more than one user
isro2009 databases file-system

Answer key ☟

7.5.2 File System: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 46

Which level gives block level striping with double distributed parity?

A. B. C. D.
isro2011 file-system

Answer key ☟

7.5.3 File System: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 4

What does a data dictionary will identify?

A. Field name B. Field format C. Field types D. All of the above

isro2017 databases file-system

Answer key ☟

7.5.4 File System: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 45

Which of these is characteristic of

A. Dedicated parity B. Double parity

C. Hamming code parity D. Distributed parity
isro2017 databases file-system non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

7.5.5 File System: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 53

Immunity of the external schemas (or application programs) to changes in the conceptual scheme is
referred to as:
a. Physical Data Independence b. Logical Data Independence
c. Both (a) and (b) d. None of the above
isro2018 databases file-system

Answer key ☟

7.5.6 File System: ISRO2015-13

Six files and have records respectively. In what order

should they be stored so as to optimize act. Assume each file is accessed with the same frequency

A.
B.
C.
D. Ordering is immaterial as all files are accessed with the same frequency.

isro2015 file-system

Answer key ☟

7.6 Functional Dependency (1)

 7.6.1 Functional Dependency: ISRO2015-20

L e t be a relation scheme with the following dependencies

. Which of the following is a key of

A. B. C. D.
isro2015 databases database-normalization functional-dependency

Answer key ☟

7.7 Indexing (6)

7.7.1 Indexing: GATE CSE 2008 | Question: 16, ISRO2016-60

A clustering index is defined on the fields which are of type

A. non-key and ordering B. non-key and non-ordering

C. key and ordering D. key and non-ordering
gatecse-2008 easy databases indexing isro2016

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7.7.2 Indexing: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 51

Which of the following is dense index?

A. Primary index B. Clustered index

C. Secondary index D. Secondary non-key index
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7.7.3 Indexing: ISRO-2013-61, ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 35

Embedded pointer provides

A. A secondary access path B. A physical record key

C. An inverted index D. A primary key
isro2013 databases indexing isro2008

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7.7.4 Indexing: ISRO-2017

Q.Consider the following query :

Select E.no,COUNT(*)

FROM Employee E

GROUP BY E.no

If an index on eno is available,the query can be answered by scanning only the index if
A) the index is only hash and clustered
B) the index is only B+ tree and clustered
C)index can be hash or B+ tree and clustered or non-clustered
D)index can be hash or B+ tree and clustered

isro2017 databases indexing non-gatecse

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 7.7.5 Indexing: ISRO-2017

Q.Consider a table that describes the customers:

Customers(custid,name,gender,rating)
The rating value is an integer in the range 1 to 5 and only two values(male and female) are recorded for
gender.Consider the query "how many male customers have a rating of 5" ? The best indexing mechanism
appropriate for the query is
A) Linear hashing
B)Extensible Hashing
C)B+tree
D)Bit-mapped index

isro-2017 indexing

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7.7.6 Indexing: ISRO2015-18

Given a block can hold either records or key pointers. A database contains n records, then how many
blocks do we need to hold the data file and the dense index

A. B. C. D.
isro2015 databases indexing

Answer key ☟

7.8 Rdbms (2)

7.8.1 Rdbms: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 50

A view of database that appears to an application program is known as

A. Schema B. Subschema C. Virtual table D. None of these

isro2007 databases rdbms

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7.8.2 Rdbms: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 21

Which type of DBMS provides support for maintaining several versions of the same entity?
A. Relational Database Management System B. Hierarchical
C. Object Oriented Database Management System D. Network
isro2011 databases rdbms

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7.9 Referential Integrity (2)

7.9.1 Referential Integrity: GATE CSE 1997 | Question: 6.10, ISRO2016-54

Let and be two relations in which is the foreign key of that refers to the primary
key of . Consider the following four operations and

I. Insert into
II. Insert into
III. Delete from
IV. Delete from
 Which of the following can cause violation of the referential integrity constraint above?

A. Both I and IV B. Both II and III C. All of these D. None of these

gate1997 databases referential-integrity easy isro2016

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7.9.2 Referential Integrity: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 72

Purpose of 'Foreign Key' in a table is to ensure

A. Null Integrity B. Referential Integrity

C. Domain Integrity D. Null and Domain Integrity
isro2009 databases referential-integrity

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7.10 Relational Algebra (4)

7.10.1 Relational Algebra: GATE CSE 1999 | Question: 1.18, ISRO2016-53

Consider the join of a relation with a relation . If has tuples and has tuples then the maximum
and minimum sizes of the join respectively are
A. and
B. and
C. and
D. and

gate1999 databases relational-algebra easy isro2016

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7.10.2 Relational Algebra: GATE CSE 2000 | Question: 1.23, ISRO2016-57

Given the relations

employee (name, salary, dept-no), and

department (dept-no, dept-name,address),

Which of the following queries cannot be expressed using the basic relational algebra operations
?

A. Department address of every employee

B. Employees whose name is the same as their department name
C. The sum of all employees' salaries
D. All employees of a given department

gatecse-2000 databases relational-algebra easy isro2016

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7.10.3 Relational Algebra: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 52

Which operation is used to extract specified columns from a table?

A. Project B. Join C. Extract D. Substitute

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 7.10.4 Relational Algebra: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 33

The join operation can be defined as

A. a cartesian product of two relations followed by a selection

B. a cartesian product of two relations
C. a union of two relations followed by cartesian product of the two relations
D. a union of two relations

isro2008 databases relational-algebra

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7.11 Relational Model (2)

7.11.1 Relational Model: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 11

An aggregation association is drawn using which symbol?

A. A line which loops back on to the same table

B. A small open diamond at the end of a line connecting two tables
C. A small closed diamond at the end of a line connecting two tables
D. A small closed triangle at the end of a line connecting two tables

isro2014 databases relational-model

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7.11.2 Relational Model: ISRO2015-21

If are domains in a relational model, then the relation is a table, which is a subset of
A. B.
C. D.
databases isro2015 relational-model

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7.12 SQL (13)

7.12.1 SQL: GATE CSE 2005 | Question: 77, ISRO2016-55

The relation book (title, price) contains the titles and prices of different books. Assuming that no two
books have the same price, what does the following SQL query list?
select title
from book as B
where (select count(*)
from book as T
where T.price>B.price) < 5

A. Titles of the four most expensive books

B. Title of the fifth most inexpensive book
C. Title of the fifth most expensive book
D. Titles of the five most expensive books

gatecse-2005 databases sql easy isro2016

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7.12.2 SQL: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 47

Which commands are used to control access over objects in relational database?

A. CASCADE & MVD B. GRANT & REVOKE

C. QUE & QUIST D. None of these
isro2007 databases sql

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7.12.3 SQL: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 48

Which of the following is aggregate function in SQL?

A. Avg B. Select C. Ordered by D. distinct

isro2007 databases sql

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7.12.4 SQL: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 7

What is the output of the following SQL query?

select count(*) from
((select Employee, Department from Overtime_allowance)
natural join
(select Department, OT_allowance from Overtime_allowance)
as T);

A. B. C. D. None of the above

isro2017 databases sql

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7.12.5 SQL: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 40

Given relations and the result of

SELECT DISTINCT w, x
FROM R, S

ls guaranteed to be same as if

a. has no duplicates and is non-empty b. and have no duplicates

c. has no duplicates and is non-empty d. and have the same number of tuples
isro2018 sql databases

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7.12.6 SQL: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 42

Consider the set of relations given below and the SQL query that follows:
Students: (Roll_number, Name, Date_of_birth)
Coursed: (Course_number, Course_name, Instructor)
Grades: (Roll_number, Course_number, Grade)

SELECT DISTINCT Name

 FROM Students, Courses, Grades
WHERE Students.Roll_number = Grades.Roll_number
AND Courses.Intructor =Sriram
AND Courses.Course_number = Grades.Course_number
AND Grades.Grade = A

Which of the following sets is computed by the above query?

a. Names of Students who have got an grade in all courses taught by Sriram
b. Names of Students who have got an grade in all courses
c. Names of Students who have got an grade in at least one of the courses taught by Sriram
d. None of the above

isro2018 sql databases

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7.12.7 SQL: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 48

Properties of and commands indicate that

A. After the execution of operation, , and statements cannot be

performed to retrieve the lost data, while allow it
B. After the execution of and operation retrieval is easily possible for the lost data
C. After the execution of operation, and statements can be performed to
retrieve the lost data, while do not allow it
D. After the execution of and operation no retrieval is possible for the lost data

isro-2020 databases sql normal

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7.12.8 SQL: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 51

The SQL query

SELECT columns
FROM TableA
RIGHT OUTER JOIN TableB
ON A.columnName = B.columnName
WHERE A.columnName IS NULL

returns the following:

A. All rows in Table , which meets equality condition above and, none from Table which meets the
condition.
B. All rows in Table , which meets equality condition above and none from Table , which meets the
condition.
C. All rows in Table , which meets the equality condition
D. All rows in Table , which meets the equality condition

isro-2020 databases sql normal

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7.12.9 SQL: ISRO-2013-24

Consider the following relational schema:

Suppliers (sid:integer, sname:string, saddress:string)

Parts (pid:integer, pname:string, pcolor:string)
Catalog (sid:integer, pid:integer, pcost:real)
What is the result of the following query?
(SELECT Catalog.pid from Suppliers, Catalog
WHERE Suppliers.sid = Catalog.sid)
MINUS
(SELECT Catalog.pid from Suppliers, Catalog
WHERE Suppliers.sname <> 'Sachin' and Suppliers.sid = Catalog.sid)

A. Pid of parts supplied by all except Sachin

B. Pid of parts supplied only by Sachin
C. Pid of parts available in catalog supplied by Sachin
D. Pid of parts available in catalog supplied by all except Sachin

isro2013 sql databases

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7.12.10 SQL: ISRO-DEC2017-11

Consider the schema

For the query

SELECT S.rating, AVG(S.age) AS avgage FROM Sailors S
Where S.age >= 18
GROUP BY S.rating
HAVING 1<(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM$ Sailors S2 Where S.rating=S2.rating)

The number of rows returned is

A. B. C. D.

isrodec2017 sql

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7.12.11 SQL: ISRO2015-19

The maximum length of an attribute of type text is

A. B. C. D. It is variable
isro2015 databases sql

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 7.12.12 SQL: ISRO2015-22

Consider the following relational query on the above database:

SELECT S.name FROM Suppliers S
Where S.sid NOT IN (SELECT C.sid FROM Catalog C
WHERE C.pid NOT IN (SELECT P.pid FROM Parts P WHERE P.color <>'blue'))

A. Find the names of all suppliers who have supplied non-blue part.
B. Find the names of all suppliers who have not supplied non-blue part.
C. Find the names of all suppliers who have supplied only non-blue parts
D. Find the names of all suppliers who have not supplied only non-blue part.

isro2015 databases sql ambiguous

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7.12.13 SQL: ISRO2015-23

Consider the following schema:

A simple SQL query is executed as follows:

SELECT Deptt FROM Emp
GROUP by Dept
Having avg (Salary) > {select avg (Salary) from Emp}

The output will be

A. Average salary of male employee is the average salary of the organization

B. Average salary of male employee is less than the average salary of the organization
C. Average salary of male employee is equal to the average salary of the organization
D. Average salary of male employee is more than the average salary of the organization

isro2015 databases sql

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7.13 Transaction and Concurrency (12)

7.13.1 Transaction and Concurrency: GATE CSE 2003 | Question: 29, ISRO2009-73

Which of the following scenarios may lead to an irrecoverable error in a database system?

A. A transaction writes a data item after it is read by an uncommitted transaction

B. A transaction reads a data item after it is read by an uncommitted transaction
C. A transaction reads a data item after it is written by a committed transaction
D. A transaction reads a data item after it is written by an uncommitted transaction

gatecse-2003 databases transaction-and-concurrency easy isro2009

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7.13.2 Transaction and Concurrency: GATE CSE 2006 | Question: 20, ISRO2015-17

Consider the following log sequence of two transactions on a bank account, with initial balance that
transfer to a mortgage payment and then apply a interest.

1. T1 start
2. T1 B old new
3. T1 M old new
 4. T1 commit
5. T2 start
6. T2 B old new
7. T2 commit

Suppose the database system crashes just before log record is written. When the system is restarted, which one
statement is true of the recovery procedure?

A. We must redo log record to set B to

B. We must undo log record to set B to and then redo log records and
C. We need not redo log records and because transaction T1 has committed
D. We can apply redo and undo operations in arbitrary order because they are idempotent

gatecse-2006 databases transaction-and-concurrency normal isro2015

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7.13.3 Transaction and Concurrency: ISRO 2017-5

Which of the following concurrency control protocol ensures both conflict and free from deadlock? ,

A. Time stamp ordering B. 2 Phase locking

C. Both (a) and (b) D. None of the above
isro2017 databases transaction-and-concurrency

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7.13.4 Transaction and Concurrency: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 60

Which of the following is correct with respect to Two phase commit protocol?

A. Ensures serializability B. Prevents Deadlock

C. Detects Deadlock D. Recover from Deadlock
isro2007 databases transaction-and-concurrency

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7.13.5 Transaction and Concurrency: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 71

Which of the following contains complete record of all activity that affected the contents of a database
during a certain period of time?
A. Transaction log B. Query language
C. Report writer D. Data manipulation language
isro2009 databases transaction-and-concurrency

Answer key ☟

7.13.6 Transaction and Concurrency: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 15

What is the equivalent serial schedule for the following transactions?

Transaction

T1 T2 T3
 R(Y)

R(Z)

R(X)

W(X)

W(Y)

W(Z)

W(Z)

R(Y)

W(Y)

R(Y)

W(Y)

R(X)
 W(X)

A. B.
C. D.
isro2011 databases transaction-and-concurrency

Answer key ☟

7.13.7 Transaction and Concurrency: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 58

Trigger is

A. Statement that enables to start any DBMS

B. Statement that is executed by the user when debugging an application program
C. The condition that the system tests for the validity of the database user
D. Statement that is executed automatically by the system as a side effect of a modification of the database

isro2016 databases transaction-and-concurrency

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7.13.8 Transaction and Concurrency: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 6

ACID properties of a transactions are

A. Atomicity, consistency, isolation, database

B. Atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability
C. Atomicity, consistency, integrity, durability
D. Atomicity, consistency, integrity, database

isro2017 databases transaction-and-concurrency

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7.13.9 Transaction and Concurrency: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 55

Let us assume that transaction has arrived before transaction . Consider the schedule

Which of the following is true?

a. Allowed under basic timestamp protocol.

b. Not allowed under basic timestamp protocols because is rolled back.
c. Not allowed under basic timestamp protocols because is rolled back.
d. None of these

isro2018 databases transaction-and-concurrency

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7.13.10 Transaction and Concurrency: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 22

Raymonds tree based algorithm ensures

A. no starvation, but deadlock may occur in rare cases

B. no deadlock, but starvation may occur
 C. neither deadlock nor starvation can occur
D. deadlock may occur in cases where the process is already starved

isro-2020 databases transaction-and-concurrency normal

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7.13.11 Transaction and Concurrency: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 49

Amongst the ACID properties of a transaction, the 'Durability' property requires that the changes made to
the database by a successful transaction persist

A. Except in case of an operating system crash

B. Except in case of a disk crash
C. Except in case of a power failure
D. Always, even if there is a failure of any kind

isro-cse-2023 databases transaction-and-concurrency

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7.13.12 Transaction and Concurrency: ISRO-2013-23

Which of the following is the highest isolation level in transaction management?

A. Serializable B. Repeated Read
C. Committed Read D. Uncommitted Read
isro2013 transaction-and-concurrency

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Answer Keys
7.0.1 B 7.0.2 D 7.0.3 A 7.0.4 B 7.0.5 C
7.0.6 Q-Q 7.1.1 A 7.1.2 A 7.1.3 B 7.1.4 C
7.1.5 A 7.1.6 B 7.2.1 B 7.3.1 D 7.3.2 C
7.3.3 B 7.3.4 B 7.3.5 A 7.3.6 B 7.3.7 C
7.3.8 A 7.3.9 D 7.3.10 C 7.3.11 C 7.3.12 B
7.4.1 D 7.4.2 B 7.4.3 B 7.4.4 Q-Q 7.4.5 C
7.5.1 A 7.5.2 C 7.5.3 D 7.5.4 D 7.5.5 B
7.5.6 A 7.6.1 B 7.7.1 A 7.7.2 C 7.7.3 A
7.7.4 Q-Q 7.7.5 Q-Q 7.7.6 A 7.8.1 B 7.8.2 C
7.9.1 B 7.9.2 B 7.10.1 B 7.10.2 C 7.10.3 A
7.10.4 A 7.11.1 B 7.11.2 B 7.12.1 D 7.12.2 B
7.12.3 A 7.12.4 B 7.12.5 A 7.12.6 C 7.12.7 A;C
7.12.8 A 7.12.9 B 7.12.10 D 7.12.11 D 7.12.12 X
7.12.13 D 7.13.1 D 7.13.2 B 7.13.3 A 7.13.4 A
7.13.5 A 7.13.6 B 7.13.7 D 7.13.8 B 7.13.9 B

7.13.10 B 7.13.11 Q-Q 7.13.12 A

8 Digital Logic (178)

8.0.1 ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 48

Which of the following is termed as minimum error code ?

A. Binary code B. Gray code C. Excess- code D. Octal code

isro2008 digital-logic binary-codes

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8.0.2 ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 26

The output of a tristate buffer when the enable input in is

A. Always B. Always
C. Retains the last value when enable input was high D. Disconnected state
isro2014 digital-logic translation-lookaside-buffer

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8.0.3 ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 15

The Excess- code is also called

A. Cyclic Redundancy Code B. Weighted Code
C. Self-Complementing Code D. Algebraic Code
isro2016 digital-logic binary-codes

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8.0.4 ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 12

The logic circuit given below converts a binary code into

A. Excess- code B. Gray code C. code D. Hamming code

digital-logic binary-codes isro2016

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8.0.5 ISRO 2016-ECE Digital Logic

A 1 MHz clock signal is applied to a J-K Flip Flop with J=K=1.

What is the frequency of the Flip-Flop 0/P signal?
(a) 2 MHz
 (b) 500 kHz
(c) 250 kHz
(d) 500 MHz
isro2016-ece

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8.0.6 ISRO ECE 2016 | Digital Logic

For a -bit digital ramp ADC using clock, the maximum conversion time is

a. b.
c. d.
isro2016-ece digital-logic

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8.0.7 ISRO ECE 2016 | Digital Logic

A -bit DAC has a step size of

What is its Full scale O/P voltage and the percentage resolution?
a. b.
c. d.
isro2016-ece digital-logic

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8.0.8 ISRO ECE 2016 | Digital logic

How is the status of the carry, auxiliary carry and parity flag affected if write instruction?
MOV A,#9C
ADD A,#64H

a. b.
c. d.
isro2016-ece digital-logic isro-ece

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8.0.9 ISRO ECE 2015 | Flipflop

What is the functionality of following digital circuit? A is input data, CLK is system clock ind Y is output.
 a. Falling edge detection of input A b. Clock division by
c. Rising edge detection of input A d. Clock division by
isro2015-ece isro-ece digital-logic

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8.0.10 ISRO2012- ECE Digital logic: ADC

The number of comparators needed in a bit flash type ADC is:

a. b. c. d.
digital-logic isro-ece isro2012-ece

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8.0.11 ISRO 2011-ECE Digital Logic

In a JK Flipflop we have J= Q' and K=1. assuming that the flipflop was initially cleared and clocked for 6 pulses,
the sequence at the Q output will be
a) 010000
b) 011001
c) 010010
d) 010101

isro-ece isro2011-ece digital-logic

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8.0.12 ISRO 2011- ECE Digital Logic

________ has the maximum fan out capacity

a. MOS

b. CMOS

c. ECL

d. RTL
isro-ece isro2011-ece digital-logic
8.0.13 ISRO 2011- ECE Digital Logic

The function of a strobe function in digital system is

a. To reset memory register.

b. To check the functioning of a logic gate

c. To avoid race problem

d. To tri-state the output of the register

isro-ece isro2011-ece digital-logic

8.0.14 ISRO 2010-ECE Digital logic

What is the maximum clock frequency at the given circuit can be operated without timing violations? Assume that
the Combinational logic delay is 10 ns and the clock duty cycle varies from 40% to 60 %.

a) 100 MHz
b) 50 MHz
c) 40 MHz
d) 25 MHz

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8.0.15 ISRO 2010-ECE Shift register

Given shift register is initially loaded with the bit pattern "1010". After how many clock cycles will the content of
shift register be "1010" again?

a) 5
b) 9
c) 7
d) 15

isro-ece digital-logic
 Answer key ☟

8.0.16 ISRO 2009-ECE MOD Counter

A certain JK FF has =12 ns. The largest MOD counter that can be constructed from such FFs and still
operate up to 10 MHz is

a) 16

b) 256

c) 8

d) 128
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8.0.17 ISRO 2009- ECE Digital Logic

Which of the following types of devices is not field programmable?

a) FPGA

b) ASIC

c) CPLD

d) PLD
isro-ece digital-logic

8.0.18 ISRO 2009 -ECE Logic Family

Which of the following technology results in least power dissipation ?

a) CMOS

b) ECL

c) TTL

d) NMOS
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8.0.19 ISRO 2009- ECE Digital Logic

A 5 bit DAC has a current output. For a digital input of 10100, an output current of 10 mA is produced.
What will be the output current for a digital input of 11101?

a) 14.5 mA

b) 10 mA

c) 100 mA

d) Not possible to calculate

 isro-ece digital-logic

8.0.20 ISRO 2008- ECE Digital Logic

The fastest ADC among the following is

(a) Successive approximation type

(b) Dual slope type

(c) Sigma - Delta ADC

(d) Flash converter

isro-ece digital-logic

8.0.21 ISRO 2008- ECE Odd parity

Odd parity generator uses _____ logic

(a) XNOR

(b) XOR

(c) Sequential

(d) OR
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8.0.22 ISRO 2008-ECE A/D Converter

The number of comparators required in an 8-bit flash-type A/D converter is

(a) 256

(b) 255

(c) 9

(d) 8
isro-ece digital-logic

8.0.23 ISRO 2008- ECE minimum number of NAND Gates

Minimum number of 2-input NAND gates that will be required to implement the function: Y = AB + CD
+ EF is
(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 6
(d) 7

isro-ece digital-logic

Answer key ☟
8.0.24 ISRO 2008-ECE - Ripple counter

In a ripple counter how many changes in state happen when count changes from 7 to 8?
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)
isro-ece digital-logic

Answer key ☟

8.0.25 ISRO 2008- ECE PROM

A programmable device (PROM) is

(a) programmable OR and fixed AND array
(b) programmable AND and fixed OR array
(c) programmable AND and programmable OR array
(d) none

isro-ece digital-logic

Answer key ☟

8.0.26 ISRO 2008-ECE Moore model for squntial circuits

Which of the following represents the Moore model for sequential circuits?

isro-ece digital-logic

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8.0.27 ISRO 2007- ECE Digital logic

The circuit is a
a) Monostable MV
b) Astable MV
c) Adder
d) SR FF

digital-logic isro-ece
 Answer key ☟

8.0.28 ISRO 2007-ECE Up counter

A 4-bit presetable UP counter has preset input 0101. The preset operation takes place as soon as the
counter reaches 1111. The modulus of the counter is

a) 5

b) 10

c) 11

d) 15
isro-ece digital-logic

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8.0.29 ISRO 2007-ECE Counters

A 4-bit synchronous counter uses flip-flops with propagation delay time of 25 ns each. The maximum
possible time required for change of state will be

a) 25 ns

b) 50 ns

c) 75 ns

d) 100 ns
isro-ece digital-logic

Answer key ☟

8.0.30 ISRO 2007- ECE Shift Register

The shift register shown in the given figure is initially loaded with the bit pattern 1010. Subsequently the shift
register is clocked, and with each clock pulse the pattern gets shifted by one bit position to the right. With each
shift, the bit at the serial input is pushed to the left most position (MSB). After how many clock pulses will the
content of the shift register become 1010 again?
a) 3
b) 7
c) 11
d) 15

isro-ece

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8.0.31 ISRO 2007- ECE combinational logic circuit

 The combinational logic circuit shown in the given figure has an output Q which is
a) ABC
b) A+B+C
c)A ⊕ B ⊕ C
d) A. B+C

isro-ece digital-logic

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8.0.32 ISRO 2007- ECE Half Adder using NAND

The sum S of A and B in a half Adder can be implemented by using K NAND gates. The value of K is
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) None of these

isro-ece digital-logic

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8.0.33 ISRO 2006-ECE NAND gates

Assuming that only the X and Y logic inputs are available and their complements X' and Y' are not
available, what is the minimum number of two-input NAND gates requires to implement X ⊕ Y?

a) 2

b) 3

c) 4

d) 5
digital-logic isro-ece

Answer key ☟

8.0.34 ISRO 2006-ECE AND OR gates

In the given network of AND and OR gates f can be written as:

a) X0 X1 X2 .....Xn + X1 X2 . ....Xn + X2 X3 ....Xn.... Xn

b) X0 X1 + X2 + X3 +....... +Xn-1 . Xn
C) X0+X1+ X2+ .......+ Xn
 d) X0 X1 X3........ Xn-1 + X2+X3+X5 ......... Xn-1 + ........+ Xn-2 + Xn-1 +Xn

isro-ece digital-logic

8.0.35 ISRO 2006-ECE Ripple counter

A Pulse train with a frequency of 1MHz is counted using a modulo 1024 ripple-counter built with J-K flip-
flops. For proper operation of the counter the maximum permissible propagation delay per flip-flop stage is

a) 100 n sec

b) 50 n sec

c) 20 n sec

d) 10 n sec
isro-ece digital-logic

Answer key ☟

8.0.36 ISRO 2006-ECE A/D Converter

The A/D converter used in a digital voltmeter could be (1) successive approximation type (2) Flash
converter type (3) Dual slope converter type. The correct sequence in the increasing order of their
conversion times is

a) 1,2,3

b) 2,1,3

c) 3,2,1

d) 3,1,2
isro-ece digital-logic

8.0.37 ISRO 2006-ECE A/D converter

10 bit A/D converters, the quantization error is given by (in percent)

a) 1

b) 2

c) 0.1

d) 0.2
isro-ece digital-logic

Answer key ☟

8.0.38 ISRO 2013 - Boolean algebra - [EE]

Which of the following Boolean algebra rules is correct?

a) A.A' = 1

b) A+AB = A+B

c) A+A'B = A+B
 d) A(A+B) = B
engineering-mathematics isro-ee

Answer key ☟

8.0.39 ISRO 2013- Combinational circuit [EE]

In an all NOR gate realization of a combinational circuit all EVEN and ODD level gates behave like

a) OR and AND

b) AND and OR

c) OR and NOT

d) NOR and AND

isro-ee digital-logic

Answer key ☟

8.0.40 ISRO 2015 Truth table [EE]

The truth table

X Y F
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 1

Represent the Boolean function

(a) X
(b) X - Y
(c) X +Y
(d) Y

isro-ee digital-logic

Answer key ☟

8.0.41 ISRO 2015 - Johnson counter [EE]

A three stage Johnson counter ring in figure is clocked at a constant frequency of fc from starting state of Q0Q1Q2
= 101. The frequency of output Q0Q1Q2 will be

(a) fc / 2
 (b) fc /6
(c) fc/ 3
(d) fc /8

digital-logic isro-ee

Answer key ☟

8.0.42 ISRO 2015- Ripple Counter [EE]

A 4 bit module -16 ripple counter uses JK F/F. If the propagation delay of each F/F is 50 nano seconds, the
maximum clock frequency that can be used is equal to
(a) 20 MHz
(b) 5 MHz

(c) 10 MHz

(d) 4 MHz
isro-ee digital-logic

Answer key ☟

8.0.43 ISRO 2017-25

The 2-input XOR has a high output only when the input values are
(a) low
(b) high

(c) same

(d) different
isro2017

Answer key ☟

8.0.44 ISRO 2017-ECE Computational circuits

The circuit shown in the figure converts

(a) BCD to binary code

(b) Binary to Excess-3 code
(c) Excess-3 to Gray code
(d) Gray to Binary code

isro2017-ece

Answer key ☟
8.0.45 ISRO 2017-ECE T- Flip flops

If input to T flip flop is 200 Hz signal, then what will be the output signal frequency if four T flip flops are
connected in cascade
(a) 200 Hz
(b) 50 Hz
(c) 800 Hz
(d) None of the above

isro2017-ece

Answer key ☟

8.0.46 ISRO 2017-ECE Minterms

Simplify the below function represented in sum of minterms

isro2017-ece

Answer key ☟

8.0.47 ISRO 2017-ECE Digital Logic

Which of the following statement is true for Programmable Logic array (PLA)?
(a) Fixed AND array and Fused programmable OR array
(b) Fused programmable AND array and Fixed OR array
(c) Fused programmable AND array and Fused programmable OR array
(d) None of the above

isro2017-ece

Answer key ☟

8.0.48 ISRO 2017-ECE Digital logic

Consider following 8085 microprocessor program

MVI A, DATA1
ORA A
JM DISPLAY
OUT PORT1
CMA
DISPLAY : ADI 01H
OT PORT1
HLT

If DATA1 = A7H, the output at PORT1 is

(a) A7H
(b) 58H
(c) 00H
(d) 59H

isro2017-ece

8.0.49 ISRO-DEC2017-40

Let and be two - two's complement number.Their product in two's

complement is

A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

8.0.50 ISRO-DEC2017-39

A computer with - word size uses complement to represent numbers, The range of integers
that can be represented by this computer is

A. to B. to
C. to D. to
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

8.0.51 ISRO-DEC2017-75

In floating point representation, the hexadecimal number corresponds to

A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

8.0.52 ISRO-DEC2017-71

A - adder is formed by cascading - CLA adder.The gate delays (latency)

for getting the sum bits is

A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

8.0.53 ISRO-DEC2017-72

We consider the addition of two compliment numbers and

. A binary adder for adding two unsigned binary numbers is used
to add two binary numbers.The sum is denoted by .The carry out
is denoted by .The overflow condition is identified by

A.

B.

C.

D.
 isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

8.0.54 ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 10

A logic circuit that provides a LOW output when both inputs are HIGH or both inputs are LOW is

A. AND B. NAND C. XNOR D. XOR

isro-cse-2023 digital-logic easy

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8.0.55 ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 9

The logical operation of the following circuit is

A. XOR B. NAND C. AND D. OR

isro-cse-2023 digital-logic

Answer key ☟

8.0.56 ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 8

A full adder circuit requires

A. two inputs and two outputs B. two inputs and three outputs
C. three inputs and two outputs D. three inputs and one output

isro-cse-2023 digital-logic

Answer key ☟

8.1 Adder (7)

8.1.1 Adder: ISRO 2007-ECE Half Adder Circuit

A half adder can be constructed using two -input logic gates. One of them is an -gate, the other is

A. B. C. D.
isro-ece digital-logic adder
 Answer key ☟

8.1.2 Adder: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 03

The circuit shown in the given figure is a

A. full adder B. full subtracter

C. shift register D. decade counter
isro2007 digital-logic digital-circuits adder

Answer key ☟

8.1.3 Adder: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 9

For a binary half-subtractor having two inputs and , the correct set of logical outputs
and are

A. B.
C. D.
isro2016 digital-logic adder

Answer key ☟

8.1.4 Adder: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 24

When two -bit binary numbers are added the sum will contain at the most

A. bits B. bits C. bits D. bits

isro2017 digital-logic adder

Answer key ☟

8.1.5 Adder: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 9

In a -bit ripple carry adder using identical full adders, each full adder takes ns for computing sum. If
the time taken for -bit addition is ns, find time taken by each full adder to find carry.

A. ns B. ns C. ns D. ns
isro-2020 digital-logic combinational-circuit adder normal

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8.1.6 Adder: ISRO ECE 2016 | Digital Logic

How many inputs & outputs does a full adder have?

a. b. c. d.
isro2016-ece digital-logic combinational-circuit adder

Answer key ☟
 8.1.7 Adder: ISRO2015-7

If half adders and full adders are implements using gates, then for the addition of two bit numbers
(using minimum gates) the number of half adders and full adders required will be

A. B. C. D.
isro2015 digital-logic adder

Answer key ☟

8.2 Asynchronous Circuit (1)

8.2.1 Asynchronous Circuit: ISRO 2008- ECE Dynamic hazard

In asynchronous circuits, which of the following best explains a dynamic hazard

A. Output changes several times for a single change in an input

B. Output changes to a different state for a single change in an input
C. Output changes momentarily when it is supposed to remain constant for a single change in an input
D. None of the above

isro-ece digital-logic asynchronous-circuit

Answer key ☟

8.3 Bcd (1)

8.3.1 Bcd: ISRO-2013-11

When two numbers and are added what is the binary representation of the resultant
number ?

A. B. C. D. results in overflow
isro2013 number-representation bcd

Answer key ☟

8.4 Boolean Algebra (20)

8.4.1 Boolean Algebra: ISRO 2006- ECE Boolean algebra

For the switch circuit, taking open as 0 and closed as 1, the expression for the circuit is .

A. B. C. D. None of these
isro-ece digital-logic boolean-algebra

Answer key ☟

8.4.2 Boolean Algebra: ISRO 2007- ECE Combinational circuit

The Boolean expression for the output of the logic circuit shown in the figure is
 A. B.
C. D.
digital-logic isro-ece boolean-algebra

Answer key ☟

8.4.3 Boolean Algebra: ISRO 2007-ECE Boolean Dual

For the identity , the dual form is

A. B.
C. D.
isro-ece digital-logic boolean-algebra

Answer key ☟

8.4.4 Boolean Algebra: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 01

The Boolean expression is given by

A.
B.
C.
D.

isro2007 digital-logic boolean-algebra

Answer key ☟

8.4.5 Boolean Algebra: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 11

The Boolean theorem corresponds to

A.
B.
C.
D.

isro2008 digital-logic boolean-algebra

Answer key ☟

8.4.6 Boolean Algebra: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 24

The Boolean expression simplifies to

A. B.
C. D. None of these
isro2008 digital-logic boolean-algebra

Answer key ☟
8.4.7 Boolean Algebra: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 25

In the expression by writing the first term as , the expression is best simplified as
A.
B.
C.
D.

isro2008 digital-logic boolean-algebra

Answer key ☟

8.4.8 Boolean Algebra: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 28

Which of the following is not a valid rule of

A. B.
C. D.
isro2008 digital-logic boolean-algebra

Answer key ☟

8.4.9 Boolean Algebra: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 19

The switching expression corresponding to is

A. BC'D' + A'C'D + AB'D B. ABC' + ACD + B'C'D
C. ACD' + A'BC' + AC'D' D. A'BD + ACD' + BCD'
isro2009 digital-logic boolean-algebra

Answer key ☟

8.4.10 Boolean Algebra: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 20

Consider the following boolean function of four variables , the

function is

A. Independent of one variable B. Independent of two variables

C. Independent of three variables D. Dependent on all variables
isro2009 digital-logic boolean-algebra

Answer key ☟

8.4.11 Boolean Algebra: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 30

In Boolean algebra, rule

A. B. C. D.
isro2011 digital-logic boolean-algebra

Answer key ☟

8.4.12 Boolean Algebra: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 6

Evaluate

A. All B. All C. D.
isro2011 digital-logic boolean-algebra

Answer key ☟
8.4.13 Boolean Algebra: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 56

Which of the following is not valid Boolean algebra rule?

A. B.
C. D.
digital-logic boolean-algebra isro2014

Answer key ☟

8.4.14 Boolean Algebra: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 8

The minimum Boolean expression for the following circuit is

A. B.
C. D.
isro2016 digital-logic boolean-algebra

Answer key ☟

8.4.15 Boolean Algebra: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 62

Any set of Boolean operation that is sufficient to represent all Boolean expression is said to be complete.
Which of the following is not complete ?

A. B. C. D.
isro2018 digital-logic boolean-algebra

Answer key ☟

8.4.16 Boolean Algebra: ISRO ECE 2012 | Boolean Logic

The truth table for implementing a Boolean variable is given where represents don't care states. The minimized
expression for is:
A. B.
C. D. None of the above
isro-ece isro2012-ece digital-logic boolean-algebra
 Answer key ☟

8.4.17 Boolean Algebra: ISRO ECE 2013 |: Digital Logic

Which of the following is the Boolean function for majority voting, assuming are inputs and is
output?
a. b.
c. d.
isro-ece isro2013-ece digital-logic boolean-algebra

Answer key ☟

8.4.18 Boolean Algebra: ISRO ECE 2016 | Digital Logic

Simplify Boolean function represented in sum of product of min-terms,

a. b.
c. d.
isro2016-ece digital-logic boolean-algebra

Answer key ☟

8.4.19 Boolean Algebra: ISRO2015-10

The boolean expression is independent of the boolean variable

A. B. C. D. None of these
isro2015 digital-logic boolean-algebra

Answer key ☟

8.4.20 Boolean Algebra: ISRO2015-5

The complement of the Boolean expression is

A.
B.
C.
D.

isro2015 digital-logic boolean-algebra

Answer key ☟

8.5 Booths Algorithm (1)

8.5.1 Booths Algorithm: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 40 , GATE2008-IT_42

The two numbers given below are multiplied using the Booth's algorithm
Multiplicand
Multiplier
How many additions/subtractions are required for the multiplication of the above two numbers?

A. B. C. D.
isro2009 digital-logic booths-algorithm

Answer key ☟
8.6 CO and Architecture (1)

8.6.1 CO and Architecture: ISRO 2009-ECE RISC vs CISC

The theoretical dividing line between Reduced Instruction Set computing (RISC) microprocessor and
Complex Instructions Set Computing (CISC) microprocessor is

a) Instruction execution rate to be one instruction per clock cycle

b) Number of address and data lines
c) Number of pins in the chip
d) None of the above
isro-ece co-and-architecture

Answer key ☟

8.7 Canonical Normal Form (2)

8.7.1 Canonical Normal Form: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 16

The simplified SOP (Sum of Product) from the Boolean expression

is

A. B.
C. D.
digital-logic canonical-normal-form isro2016

Answer key ☟

8.7.2 Canonical Normal Form: ISRO-2013-28

The most simplified form of the Boolean function

(expressed in sum of minterms) is?

A. A + A'BCD B. AB + CD C. A + BCD D. ABC + D

isro2013 digital-logic canonical-normal-form

Answer key ☟

8.8 Circuit Output (14)

8.8.1 Circuit Output: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 02

The circuit shown in the following figure realizes the function.

A. B.
C. D.
isro2007 digital-logic digital-circuits circuit-output

Answer key ☟
8.8.2 Circuit Output: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 12

In the given network of AND and OR gates can be written as

A.
B.
C.
D.

isro2008 digital-logic circuit-output

Answer key ☟

8.8.3 Circuit Output: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 26

The logic operations of two combinational circuits in Figure-I and Figure -II are

A. entirely different B. identical

C. complementary D. dual
isro2008 digital-logic circuit-output

Answer key ☟

8.8.4 Circuit Output: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 27

The output of the given circuit

A. B. C. D.
isro2008 digital-logic circuit-output
 Answer key ☟

8.8.5 Circuit Output: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 15

Consider the logic circuit given below:

__________?

A. B.
C. D.
isro2014 digital-logic circuit-output

Answer key ☟

8.8.6 Circuit Output: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 21, UGCNET-Dec2012-III: 23, UGCNET-Dec2013-III: 22

What are the final values of and after clock cycles, if initial values are in the sequential circuit
shown below:

A. B. C. D.
isro2014 digital-logic circuit-output ugcnetcse-dec2012-paper3 ugcnetcse-dec2013-paper3

Answer key ☟

8.8.7 Circuit Output: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 53

Consider the logic circuit given below.

The inverter, AND and OR gates have delays of and nanoseconds respectively. Assuming that wire delays
are negligible, what is the duration of glitch for before it becomes stable?

A. B. C. D.
isro2014 digital-logic circuit-output

Answer key ☟

8.8.8 Circuit Output: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 10

Consider the following gate network

 Which one of the following gates is redundant?

A. Gate No. B. Gate No. C. Gate No. D. Gate No.

isro2016 digital-logic circuit-output

Answer key ☟

8.8.9 Circuit Output: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 13

The circuit given in the figure below is

A. An oscillating circuit and its output is square wave

B. The one whose output remains stable in state
C. The one having output remains stable in state
D. has a single pulse of three times propagation delay

isro2016 digital-logic circuit-output

Answer key ☟

8.8.10 Circuit Output: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 9

In the diagram above, the inverter (NOT gate) and the AND-gates labeled and have delays of and
nanoseconds (ns), respectively. Wire delays are negligible. For certain values and , together with certain
transition of , a glitch (spurious output) is generated for a short time, after which the output assumes its correct
value. The duration of glitch is:

a. b. c. d.
isro2018 digital-logic circuit-output

Answer key ☟

8.8.11 Circuit Output: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 11

Minimum number of NAND gates required to implement the following binary equation

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 digital-logic combinational-circuit circuit-output normal

Answer key ☟
 8.8.12 Circuit Output: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 12

If is a -bit binary number, then what is the code generated by the following circuit?

A. BCD code B. Gray code C. code D. Excess- code

isro-2020 digital-logic combinational-circuit circuit-output normal

Answer key ☟

8.8.13 Circuit Output: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 66

The following circuit compares two -bit binary numbers, and represented by and
respectively. ( and represent Least Significant Bits)

Under what conditions will be ?

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 digital-logic digital-circuits circuit-output normal

Answer key ☟

8.8.14 Circuit Output: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 77

Consider the following circuit

The function by the network above is

A.
B.
C.
D.

isro-2020 digital-logic combinational-circuit circuit-output normal

Answer key ☟

8.9 Combinational Circuit (2)

8.9.1 Combinational Circuit: ISRO 2016-EC Combinational circuit

 Given circuit represents
(a) INVERTER
(b) AND
(c) OR
(d) NOR

digital-logic isro2016-ece isro-ece combinational-circuit

Answer key ☟

8.9.2 Combinational Circuit: ISRO ECE 2016 | combinational logic

in given combinational logic

a. b.
c. d.
isro2016-ece isro-ece digital-logic combinational-circuit

Answer key ☟

8.10 Decoder (1)

8.10.1 Decoder: GATE CSE 2007 | Question: 8, ISRO2011-31

How many -to- line decoders with an enable input are needed to construct a -to- line decoder without
using any other logic gates?

A. B. C. D.
gatecse-2007 digital-logic normal isro2011 decoder

Answer key ☟

8.11 Digital Circuits (3)

8.11.1 Digital Circuits: ISRO 2007-ECE : Binary Codes

 The logic circuit given below converts a binary code Y1 Y2 Y3 into

a) Excess -3 code
b) Gray code
c) BCD code
d) Hamming code

isro-ece digital-logic digital-circuits

Answer key ☟

8.11.2 Digital Circuits: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 47

The output expression of the following gate network is

A.
B.
C.
D.

isro2011 digital-logic combinational-circuit digital-circuits

Answer key ☟

8.11.3 Digital Circuits: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 26

Advantage of synchronous sequential circuits over asynchronous one is :

A. Lower hardware requirement B. Better noise immunity
C. Faster operation D. All of the above
isro2017 digital-logic digital-circuits bad-question

Answer key ☟

8.12 Digital Counter (3)

8.12.1 Digital Counter: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 34

Ring counter is analogous to

A. Toggle Switch B. Latch
C. Stepping Switch D. S-R flip flop
isro2007 digital-logic digital-counter
 Answer key ☟

8.12.2 Digital Counter: ISRO ECE 2013 | Digital Logic

If a counter having flip flops is initially at what count will it hold after pulses?
a. b.
c. d.
digital-logic isro-ece isro2013-ece sequential-circuit digital-counter

Answer key ☟

8.12.3 Digital Counter: ISRO2015-4

A modulus - ring counter requires a minimum of

A. flip-flops B. flip-flops C. flip-flops D. flip-flops

isro2015 digital-logic digital-counter

Answer key ☟

8.13 Flip Flop (10)

8.13.1 Flip Flop: GATE CSE 2004 | Question: 18, ISRO2007-31

In an latch made by cross-coupling two NAND gates, if both and inputs are set to , then it will
result in

A. B.
C. D. Indeterminate states
gatecse-2004 digital-logic easy isro2007 flip-flop

Answer key ☟

8.13.2 Flip Flop: ISRO 2006-ECE Flipflops

Which of the following statements are correct ?

1. A flip-flop is used to store bit of information.
2. Race-around condition occurs in a - flip-flop when both the inputs are .
3. Master-slave configuration is used in flip-flops to store bits of information.
4. A transparent latch consists of a -type flip-flop.

A. , and B. , and C. , and D. , and

isro-ece digital-logic flip-flop

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8.13.3 Flip Flop: ISRO 2007-ECE JK flipflop as Divide by 2 circuit

For one of the following conditions, clocked - flip-flop can be used as divided by circuit where the
pulse train to be divided is applied at clock input :

A. = , = and the flip-flop should have active inputs.

B. = , = and the flip-flop should have active inputs.
C. = , = and the flip-flop should have active inputs.
D. = , = and the flip-flop should be a negative edge triggered one.

isro-ece digital-logic flip-flop

Answer key ☟
8.13.4 Flip Flop: ISRO 2008- ECE Flip flop counter

A counter is designed with six stages of flip flops. Determine the output frequency at the last (sixth) stage,
when input frequency is .

A. B. C. D.
digital-logic isro-ece flip-flop

8.13.5 Flip Flop: ISRO 2008- ECE Johnson Counter

The mod number of a Johnson counter will be always equal to the number of flip flops used :

A. same B. twice
C. where is the number of flip flops. D. None of the these
isro-ece digital-logic flip-flop

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8.13.6 Flip Flop: ISRO 2008- ECE SR flipflop to D flip flop

A - flip flop with a clock input can be converted to a flip flop using :

A. Two inverters
B. the flip flop outputs ( & ) connected to its inputs ( & )
C. One inverter
D. Not possible

isro-ece digital-logic flip-flop

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8.13.7 Flip Flop: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 05

The characteristic equation of an flip-flop is given by :

A. B.
C. D.
isro2007 digital-logic flip-flop

Answer key ☟

8.13.8 Flip Flop: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 74

In an flip-flop, if the line (Set line) is set high ( ) and the line (Reset line) is set low ( ), then the
state of the flip-flop is :

A. Set to B. Set to
C. No change in state D. Forbidden
isro2011 digital-logic flip-flop

Answer key ☟

8.13.9 Flip Flop: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 18

The functional difference between flip-flop and - flip-flop is that :

A. - flip-flop is faster than flip-flop B. - flip-flop has a feedback path

C. - flip-flop accepts both inputs D. None of them
digital-logic flip-flop isro2016

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 8.13.10 Flip Flop: ISRO-2013-30

In a three stage counter, using flip flops what will be the value of the counter after giving pulses to its
input ? Assume that the value of counter before giving any pulses is :

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 digital-logic flip-flop

Answer key ☟

8.14 Floating Point Representation (3)

8.14.1 Floating Point Representation: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 30

decimal system is equivalent to ____ in octal system

A.
B.
C.
D.

isro2007 digital-logic number-representation floating-point-representation

Answer key ☟

8.14.2 Floating Point Representation: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 36

Consider a computer system that stores a floating-point numbers with -bit mantissa and an -bit
exponent, each in two’s complement. The smallest and largest positive values which can be stored are :

A. B.
C. D.
isro2007 digital-logic number-representation floating-point-representation

Answer key ☟

8.14.3 Floating Point Representation: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 23

A computer uses digit mantissa and digit exponent. If and then will :
A. result in an overflow error B. result in an underflow error
C. be D. be +
isro2008 digital-logic number-representation floating-point-representation

Answer key ☟

8.15 Functional Completeness (2)

8.15.1 Functional Completeness: ISRO-2013-22

Any set of Boolean operators that is sufficient to represent all Boolean expressions is said to be complete.
Which of the following is not complete ?

A. { , } B. { } C. { , } D. { , }
isro2013 functional-completeness digital-logic digital-circuits combinational-circuit

Answer key ☟

8.15.2 Functional Completeness: ISRO-DEC2017-76

Which of the following set of components is sufficient to implement any arbitrary Boolean function?
 A. gates, gates
B. gates, gates and
C. to multiplexer
D. Three input gates that output for the inputs

isrodec2017 functional-completeness digital-logic

Answer key ☟

8.16 Gray Code (1)

8.16.1 Gray Code: ISRO 2017-ECE Number system

The Gray code for ( ) is equivalent to

A. B. C. D.
isro2017-ece digital-logic number-system gray-code

Answer key ☟

8.17 Hazards (1)

8.17.1 Hazards: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 11

The dynamic hazard problem occurs in

A. combinational circuit alone B. sequential circuit only
C. Both (a) and (b) D. None of the above
isro2016 digital-logic digital-circuits hazards

Answer key ☟

8.18 IEEE Representation (3)

8.18.1 IEEE Representation: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 8

What is the decimal value of the floating-point number (hexadecimal notation)? (Assume -
bit, single precision floating point representation)

A. B. C. D.
isro2011 digital-logic number-representation floating-point-representation ieee-representation

Answer key ☟

8.18.2 IEEE Representation: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 8

In the standard single precision floating point representation, there is bit for sign, bits for
fraction and bits for exponent. What is the precision in terms of the number of decimal digits?

A.
B.
C.
D.

number-representation ieee-representation isro2014

Answer key ☟
 8.18.3 IEEE Representation: ISRO2015-1

Which of the given number has its -bit floating point representation as

A. B. C. D.
isro2015 digital-logic number-representation floating-point-representation ieee-representation

Answer key ☟

8.19 K Map (1)

8.19.1 K Map: ISRO 2006- ECE K Map

The function shown in the figure when simplified will yield a result with _______ terms

A. B. C. D.
digital-logic isro-ece k-map

Answer key ☟

8.20 Matrix Chain Ordering (1)

8.20.1 Matrix Chain Ordering: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 72

The complexity of matrix multiplication of two matrices A and B whose orders are and
respectively is

A.
B.
C.
D.

isro-cse-2023 algorithms time-complexity matrix-chain-ordering

Answer key ☟

8.21 Memory Interfacing (2)

8.21.1 Memory Interfacing: GATE CSE 2009 | Question: 7, ISRO2015-3

How many RAM chips are needed to provide a memory capacity of bytes?

A. B. C. D.
gatecse-2009 digital-logic memory-interfacing easy isro2015

Answer key ☟

8.21.2 Memory Interfacing: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 25

Suppose you want to build a memory with byte words and a capacity of bits. What is type of decoder
 required if the memory is built using chips?

A. B. C. D.
digital-logic memory-interfacing isro2014

Answer key ☟

8.22 Min No Gates (2)

8.22.1 Min No Gates: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 7

The minimum number of gates required to implement the Boolean function is

equal to

A. (Zero) B. C. D.
digital-logic min-no-gates isro2016

Answer key ☟

8.22.2 Min No Gates: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 23

What is the minimum number of two-input gates used to perform the function of two-input
gate?

A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four

isro2017 digital-logic min-no-gates

Answer key ☟

8.23 Multiplexer (5)

8.23.1 Multiplexer: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 22

How many -input multiplexers are required to construct a -input multiplexer?

A. B. C. D.
isro2008 digital-logic multiplexer

Answer key ☟

8.23.2 Multiplexer: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 10

Following Multiplexer circuit is equivalent to

A. Sum equation of full adder B. Carry equation of full adder

C. Borrow equation for full subtractor D. Difference equation of a full subtractor
isro-2020 digital-logic combinational-circuit multiplexer normal

Answer key ☟
 8.23.3 Multiplexer: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 70

Which of the following definitions is true

i. A digital multiplexer takes one input from many inputs and outputs the selected one
ii. Four elect lines are required for 1-16 multiplexer
iii. Eight OR gates are required to implement an octal to binary encoder

A. (i) and (ii) B. (ii) and (iii) C. (i) alone D. none of the above

isro-cse-2023 digital-logic digital-circuits multiplexer

Answer key ☟

8.23.4 Multiplexer: ISRO ECE 2014 | Digital logic

In the following circuit, Y can be expressed as :

A. B. C. D.
isro2014-ece isro-ece digital-logic combinational-circuit multiplexer

Answer key ☟

8.23.5 Multiplexer: ISRO2015-8

Minimum number of multiplexers required to realize the following function,

Assume that inputs are available only in true form and Boolean a constant and are available.

A. B. C. D.
isro2015 digital-logic multiplexer

Answer key ☟

8.24 Number Representation (27)

8.24.1 Number Representation: GATE CSE 1995 | Question: 2.12, ISRO2015-9

The number of 's in the binary representation of are:

A. B. C. D.
gate1995 digital-logic number-representation normal isro2015

Answer key ☟

8.24.2 Number Representation: GATE CSE 2005 | Question: 16, ISRO2009-18, ISRO2015-2

The range of integers that can be represented by an bit complement number system is:

A. B.
C. D.
gatecse-2005 digital-logic number-representation easy isro2009 isro2015

Answer key ☟

8.24.3 Number Representation: GATE CSE 2009 | Question: 5, ISRO2017-57

is equivalent to

A. B. C. D.
gatecse-2009 digital-logic number-representation isro2017

Answer key ☟

8.24.4 Number Representation: GATE IT 2006 | Question: 7, ISRO2009-41

The addition of , two's complement, binary numbers and results in

A. and an overflow B. and no overflow

C. and no overflow D. and an overflow
gateit-2006 digital-logic number-representation normal isro2009

Answer key ☟

8.24.5 Number Representation: ISRO 2006- ECE Gray code

Gray code for number 7 is

a) 1100
b) 1001
c)0110
d) 0100
isro-ece digital-logic number-representation

Answer key ☟

8.24.6 Number Representation: ISRO 2006-ECE

Given the decimal number -19 an eight bit two's complement representation is given by

a) 11101110

b) 11101101

c) 11101100
 d) none of these
isro-ece digital-logic number-representation

Answer key ☟

8.24.7 Number Representation: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 04

When two numbers are added in excess- code and the sum is less than , then in order to get the correct
answer it is necessary to

A. subtract from the sum B. add to the sum

C. subtract from the sum D. add to the sum
isro2007 digital-logic number-representation

Answer key ☟

8.24.8 Number Representation: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 18

The number of digit 1 present in the binary representation of

is

A. 8 B. 9 C. 10 D. 12
isro2007 digital-logic number-representation

Answer key ☟

8.24.9 Number Representation: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 38

The Hexadecimal equivalent of is

A. B. C. D.
isro2007 digital-logic number-representation

Answer key ☟

8.24.10 Number Representation: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 49

One approach to handling fuzzy logic data might be to design a computer using ternary (base- ) logic so
that data could be stored as “true,” “false,” and “unknown.” If each ternary logic element is called a flit,
how many flits are required to represent at least different values?

A. B. C. D.
isro2007 digital-logic number-representation

Answer key ☟

8.24.11 Number Representation: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 13

If where is a positive integer, then the value of is

A. B. C. D.
isro2008 digital-logic number-representation

Answer key ☟

8.24.12 Number Representation: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 20

If , then the value of is

A. B. or C. D. None of these
 isro2008 digital-logic number-representation

Answer key ☟

8.24.13 Number Representation: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 39 , GATE2008-IT_15

A processor that has carry, overflow and sign flag bits as part of its program status word (PSW) performs
addition of the following two complement numbers and After the execution of
this addition operation, the status of the carry, overflow and sign flags, respectively will be

A. B. C. D.
isro2009 number-representation digital-logic

Answer key ☟

8.24.14 Number Representation: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 27

How many different numbers can be stored in switches ? (Assume two position or on-off
switches).

A. B. C. D.
isro2014 digital-logic number-representation

Answer key ☟

8.24.15 Number Representation: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 14

If then the value of is

A. B. C. D.
digital-logic number-representation isro2016

Answer key ☟

8.24.16 Number Representation: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 17

Which of the following binary number is the same as its complement ?

A. B. C. D.
digital-logic number-representation isro2016

Answer key ☟

8.24.17 Number Representation: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 19

Given = the value of radix is

a. b. c. d.
isro2018 number-representation digital-logic

Answer key ☟

8.24.18 Number Representation: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 3

If a variable can take only integral values from to , where is an integer, then the variable can be
represented as a bit-field whose width is the log in the answer are to the base , and means the
floor of

a.
b.
c.
 d. None of the above

isro2018 number-representation digital-logic

Answer key ☟

8.24.19 Number Representation: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 32

A computer uses ternary system instead of the traditional systen, An bit string in the binary system will
occupy
a. ternary digits b. ternary digits
c. ternary digits d. ternary digits
isro2018 digital-logic number-representation

Answer key ☟

8.24.20 Number Representation: ISRO ECE 2012 | Number system

If then the value of will be

a. b. c. d.
isro-ece isro2012-ece digital-logic number-representation

Answer key ☟

8.24.21 Number Representation: ISRO ECE 2013 | 2s compliment number

The two numbers represented in signed complement form are and If is

subtracted from the value obtained in signed complement form is:

a. b. c. d.
isro-ece isro2013-ece digital-logic number-representation

Answer key ☟

8.24.22 Number Representation: ISRO-2013-13

The number in base is equivalent to in which base system?

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 number-representation

Answer key ☟

8.24.23 Number Representation: ISRO-2013-17

Two eight bit bytes and are added. What are the values of the overflow, carry and zero
flags respectively, if the arithmetic unit of the CPU uses 's complement form?

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 digital-logic number-representation

Answer key ☟

8.24.24 Number Representation: ISRO-2013-77

The binary equivalent of the decimal number is

A. B. C. D.
 isro2013 digital-logic number-representation

Answer key ☟

8.24.25 Number Representation: ISRO-2013-8

Which logic gate is used to detect overflow in 2's compliment arithmetic?

A. OR gate B. AND gate C. NAND gate D. XOR gate

isro2013 number-representation

Answer key ☟

8.24.26 Number Representation: ISRO2015-6

The code which uses bits to represent a character is :

A. ASCII B. BCD C. EBCDIC D. Gray

isro2015 digital-logic number-representation

Answer key ☟

8.24.27 Number Representation: ISRO2015-78

The decimal number has digits. The number of bits needed for its equivalent binary representation is?

A. B. C. D.
isro2015 digital-logic number-representation

Answer key ☟

8.25 Number System (1)

8.25.1 Number System: ISRO 2007-ECE Conversion to binaty number

Which of the following binary number is equal to octal number 66.3

a) 101101.100

b) 1101111.111

c) 111111.1111

d) 110110.011
isro-ece digital-logic number-system

Answer key ☟

8.26 Pla (1)

8.26.1 Pla: ISRO-2013-29

How many programmable fuses are required in a PLA which takes inputs and gives outputs? It has to
use OR gates and AND gates.

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 digital-logic pla
 Answer key ☟

8.27 Sequential Circuit (4)

8.27.1 Sequential Circuit: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 80

A new flipflop with inputs and , has the following property

Which of the following expresses the next state in terms of current state?

A.
B.
C.
D.

isro-2020 digital-logic sequential-circuit flip-flop normal

Answer key ☟

8.27.2 Sequential Circuit: ISRO ECE 2013 | Digital Logic

What is the frequency and duty cycle of output when CLK frequency is duty cyle?

a. duty cycle b. duty cycle

c. duty cycle d. duty cycle
isro2013-ece isro-ece digital-logic sequential-circuit flip-flop

Answer key ☟

8.27.3 Sequential Circuit: ISRO ECE 2013 | Digital Logic

 What is the division factor of the given clock divider circuit?

a. b. c. d.
isro2013-ece isro-ece digital-logic sequential-circuit flip-flop

Answer key ☟

8.27.4 Sequential Circuit: ISRO2016 -EC Digital Logic

a. repeats
b. repeat
c. repeats
d. repeats

isro2016-ece isro-ece digital-logic sequential-circuit flip-flop

8.28 Shift Registers (2)

8.28.1 Shift Registers: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 71

The time delay obtained through an -bit serial register with MHz clock is:

a. ns
b. µs
c. µs
d. µs

isro-cse-2023 shift-registers digital-circuits

 8.28.2 Shift Registers: ISRO ECE 2016 | Digital logic

Which shift register counter requires the most decoding circuitry?

A. Johnson Counter B. Ring Counter

C. Ripple Counter D. counter
isro2016-ece digital-logic sequential-circuit digital-counter shift-registers

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
8.0.1 B 8.0.2 D 8.0.3 C 8.0.4 X 8.0.5 Q-Q
8.0.6 Q-Q 8.0.7 Q-Q 8.0.8 Q-Q 8.0.9 Q-Q 8.0.10 Q-Q
8.0.11 Q-Q 8.0.12 Q-Q 8.0.13 Q-Q 8.0.14 Q-Q 8.0.15 Q-Q
8.0.16 Q-Q 8.0.17 Q-Q 8.0.18 Q-Q 8.0.19 Q-Q 8.0.20 Q-Q
8.0.21 Q-Q 8.0.22 Q-Q 8.0.23 Q-Q 8.0.24 Q-Q 8.0.25 Q-Q
8.0.26 Q-Q 8.0.27 Q-Q 8.0.28 Q-Q 8.0.29 Q-Q 8.0.30 Q-Q
8.0.31 Q-Q 8.0.32 Q-Q 8.0.33 Q-Q 8.0.34 Q-Q 8.0.35 Q-Q
8.0.36 Q-Q 8.0.37 Q-Q 8.0.38 Q-Q 8.0.39 Q-Q 8.0.40 Q-Q
8.0.41 Q-Q 8.0.42 Q-Q 8.0.43 D 8.0.44 Q-Q 8.0.45 Q-Q
8.0.46 Q-Q 8.0.47 Q-Q 8.0.48 Q-Q 8.0.49 A 8.0.50 C
8.0.51 D 8.0.52 B 8.0.53 X 8.0.54 Q-Q 8.0.55 Q-Q
8.0.56 Q-Q 8.1.1 Q-Q 8.1.2 B 8.1.3 C 8.1.4 D
8.1.5 D 8.1.6 Q-Q 8.1.7 C 8.2.1 A 8.3.1 A
8.4.1 C 8.4.2 Q-Q 8.4.3 A 8.4.4 C 8.4.5 A
8.4.6 A 8.4.7 X 8.4.8 B 8.4.9 A 8.4.10 B
8.4.11 B 8.4.12 C 8.4.13 C 8.4.14 A 8.4.15 A
8.4.16 Q-Q 8.4.17 Q-Q 8.4.18 Q-Q 8.4.19 B 8.4.20 A
8.5.1 B 8.6.1 Q-Q 8.7.1 B 8.7.2 C 8.8.1 A
8.8.2 X 8.8.3 A 8.8.4 C 8.8.5 C 8.8.6 D
8.8.7 A 8.8.8 B 8.8.9 A 8.8.10 A 8.8.11 A
8.8.12 B 8.8.13 A 8.8.14 B 8.9.1 Q-Q 8.9.2 Q-Q
8.10.1 C 8.11.1 Q-Q 8.11.2 A 8.11.3 X 8.12.1 C
8.12.2 Q-Q 8.12.3 B 8.13.1 C 8.13.2 Q-Q 8.13.3 Q-Q
8.13.4 Q-Q 8.13.5 Q-Q 8.13.6 Q-Q 8.13.7 D 8.13.8 A
8.13.9 C 8.13.10 B 8.14.1 A 8.14.2 D 8.14.3 C
8.15.1 C 8.15.2 B 8.16.1 Q-Q 8.17.1 C 8.18.1 C
8.18.2 C 8.18.3 C 8.19.1 Q-Q 8.20.1 Q-Q 8.21.1 C
8.21.2 A 8.22.1 A 8.22.2 C 8.23.1 A 8.23.2 A;D
8.23.3 Q-Q 8.23.4 D 8.23.5 B 8.24.1 C 8.24.2 A
8.24.3 B 8.24.4 C 8.24.5 Q-Q 8.24.6 Q-Q 8.24.7 A
8.24.8 B 8.24.9 C 8.24.10 C 8.24.11 B 8.24.12 D
8.24.13 B 8.24.14 D 8.24.15 D 8.24.16 C 8.24.17 D
8.24.18 A 8.24.19 D 8.24.20 C 8.24.21 Q-Q 8.24.22 B
8.24.23 D 8.24.24 A 8.24.25 D 8.24.26 A 8.24.27 B
8.25.1 Q-Q 8.26.1 C 8.27.1 A 8.27.2 Q-Q 8.27.3 Q-Q
8.27.4 Q-Q 8.28.1 Q-Q 8.28.2 Q-Q
9 Discrete Mathematics: Combinatory (2)

9.1 Counting (1)

9.1.1 Counting: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 19

The number of bit strings of length that will either start with or end with is?

A.
B.
C.
D.

isro2014 combinatory counting

Answer key ☟

9.2 Process Scheduling (1)

9.2.1 Process Scheduling: ISRO-2013-53

A CPU scheduling algorithm determines an order for the execution of its scheduled processes. Given 'n'
processes to be scheduled on one processor, how many possible different schedules are there?

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 process-scheduling combinatory

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
9.1.1 C 9.2.1 C
10 Discrete Mathematics: Graph Theory (18)

10.0.1 ISRO-2013-76

The number of edges in a 'n' vertex complete graph is?

A. B.
C. D.
isro2013 graph-theory

Answer key ☟

10.0.2 ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 63

Maximum number of Simple graphs possible with vertices

A. B. C. D.

isro-cse-2023 graph-theory discrete-mathematics

Answer key ☟

10.0.3 ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 51

Which of the following are true​​?

i. In a graph G with ‘n’ vertices and ‘e’ edges, sum of degrees of vertices = 2*e.
ii. Eccentricity of a connected graph can never be equal to radius of the graph
iii. Girth of a graph is the shortest cycle of the graph
iv. Graph with equal degree for all vertices is multigraph

a. (i), (ii), (iii)

b. (ii), (iii), (iv)
c. (i), (iii), (iv)
d. None of the above

isro-cse-2023 discrete-mathematics graph-theory

Answer key ☟

10.1 Degree of Graph (1)

10.1.1 Degree of Graph: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 52

If is a graph with e edges and n vertices the sum of the degrees of all vertices in is

A. B. C. D.
isro2009 graph-theory degree-of-graph

Answer key ☟

10.2 Euler Graph (2)

10.2.1 Euler Graph: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 06

A graph with vertices and edges that is not a tree, is

 A. Connected B. Disconnected C. Euler D. A circuit
isro2007 graph-theory euler-graph

Answer key ☟

10.2.2 Euler Graph: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 5

A given connected graph is a Euler Graph if and only if all vertices of are of

A. same degree
B. even degree
C. odd degree
D. different degree

graph-theory euler-graph isro2016

Answer key ☟

10.3 Graph Coloring (1)

10.3.1 Graph Coloring: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 07

If a graph requires different colours for its proper colouring, then the chromatic number of the graph is

A. B. C. D.
isro2007 graph-theory graph-coloring

Answer key ☟

10.4 Graph Connectivity (10)

10.4.1 Graph Connectivity: GATE CSE 1994 | Question: 1.6, ISRO2008-29

The number of distinct simple graphs with up to three nodes is

A. B. C. D.
gate1994 graph-theory graph-connectivity combinatory normal isro2008 counting

Answer key ☟

10.4.2 Graph Connectivity: GATE CSE 2002 | Question: 1.25, ISRO2008-30, ISRO2016-6

The maximum number of edges in a -node undirected graph without self loops is

A. B. C. D.
gatecse-2002 graph-theory easy isro2008 isro2016 graph-connectivity

Answer key ☟

10.4.3 Graph Connectivity: GATE CSE 2003 | Question: 8, ISRO2009-53

Let be an arbitrary graph with nodes and components. If a vertex is removed from , the number of
components in the resultant graph must necessarily lie down between

A. and B. and
C. and D. and
gatecse-2003 graph-theory graph-connectivity normal isro2009

Answer key ☟
10.4.4 Graph Connectivity: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 62

Let be the adjacency matrix of a graph with no self loops. The entries along the principal diagonal of
are
A. all zeros B. all ones
C. both zeros and ones D. different
isro2007 graph-theory graph-connectivity

Answer key ☟

10.4.5 Graph Connectivity: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 78

Consider the graph shown in the figure below:

Which of the following is a valid strong component?

A. B. C. D.
isro2008 graph-theory graph-connectivity

Answer key ☟

10.4.6 Graph Connectivity: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 54

A graph in which all nodes are of equal degree, is known as

A. Multigraph B. Non regular graph

C. Regular graph D. Complete graph
isro2009 graph-theory graph-connectivity

Answer key ☟

10.4.7 Graph Connectivity: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 55

In a graph there is one and only one path between every pair of vertices then is a

A. Path B. Walk C. Tree D. Circuit

isro2009 graph-theory graph-connectivity

Answer key ☟

10.4.8 Graph Connectivity: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 56

A simple graph ( a graph without parallel edge or loops) with vertices and components can have at
most
A. edges B. edges
C. edges D. edges
isro2009 graph-theory graph-connectivity
 Answer key ☟

10.4.9 Graph Connectivity: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 35

How many edges are there in a forest with vertices and components?

A. B.
C. D.
isro2011 graph-theory graph-connectivity

Answer key ☟

10.4.10 Graph Connectivity: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 38

The number of edges in a regular graph of degree: and vertices is:

A. maximum of and
B.
C.
D.

isro2018 graph-theory graph-connectivity

Answer key ☟

10.5 Graph Planarity (1)

10.5.1 Graph Planarity: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 52

If there are five faces and nine vertices in an undirected planar graph, then number of edges is

A. B. C. D. None of the above

isro-cse-2023 graph-theory graph-planarity

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
10.0.1 A 10.0.2 Q-Q 10.0.3 Q-Q 10.1.1 D 10.2.1 B
10.2.2 B 10.3.1 B 10.4.1 C 10.4.2 B 10.4.3 C
10.4.4 A 10.4.5 D 10.4.6 C 10.4.7 C 10.4.8 D
10.4.9 C 10.4.10 D 10.5.1 Q-Q
11 Discrete Mathematics: Mathematical Logic (6)

11.0.1 ISRO-DEC2017-6

The proposition is a

A. Tautology B. Contradiction C. Contingency D. Absurdity

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

11.0.2 ISRO-DEC2017-7

If denotes is a trigonometric function, denotes is a periodic function and denotes is a

continuous function then the statement "It is not the case that some trigonometric functions are not
periodic" can be logically represented as

A.

B.

C.

D.

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

11.1 Boolean Algebra (1)

11.1.1 Boolean Algebra: ISRO 2006 -ECE Venn Diagrams

The Boolean expression for the shaded area in the Venn diagram is
a) X'+Y' +Z
b) XY'Z + X'YZ
c) X + Y + Z
d) X'Y'Z+XY

isro-ece digital-logic boolean-algebra

Answer key ☟

11.2 First Order Logic (2)

11.2.1 First Order Logic: GATE CSE 2004 | Question: 23, ISRO2007-32

Identify the correct translation into logical notation of the following assertion.

Some boys in the class are taller than all the girls
 Note: is true if is taller than .

A.
B.
C.
D.

gatecse-2004 mathematical-logic easy isro2007 first-order-logic

Answer key ☟

11.2.2 First Order Logic: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 73

Given that
means “ is a bear”
means “ is a fish” and
means “ eats ”
Then what is the best meaning of

A. Every fish is eaten by some bear B. Bears eat only fish

C. Every bear eats fish D. Only bears eat fish
isro-2020 mathematical-logic first-order-logic normal

Answer key ☟

11.3 Propositional Logic (1)

11.3.1 Propositional Logic: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 22

Which one of the following Boolean expressions is NOT a tautology?

A.
B.
C.
D.

isro2017 mathematical-logic propositional-logic

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
11.0.1 C 11.0.2 A 11.1.1 Q-Q 11.2.1 D 11.2.2 D
11.3.1 B
12 Discrete Mathematics: Set Theory & Algebra (14)

12.0.1 ISRO-DEC2017-4

If and are extreme points of then

A. B.

C. D.

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

12.0.2 ISRO-DEC2017-8

The number of elements in the power set of is

A. B. C. D.

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

12.0.3 ISRO-DEC2017-9

The function defined by is

A. injective and surjective B. surjective but not injective
C. injective but not surjective D. neither injective nor surjective
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

12.1 Abelian Group (1)

12.1.1 Abelian Group: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 17

is an abelian group. Then

a. for any belonging to

b. for any belonging to
c. , for any belonging to
d. is of finite order

isro2018 group-theory set-theory&algebra abelian-group

Answer key ☟

12.2 Equivalence Class (1)

12.2.1 Equivalence Class: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 29

The set of all Equivalence Classes of a set A of Cardinality C

A. is of cardinality B. have the same cardinality as A
C. forms a partition of A D. is of cardinality
 isro2007 set-theory&algebra equivalence-class

Answer key ☟

12.3 Functions (2)

12.3.1 Functions: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 50

Let be a finite set having elements and let be a finite set having elements. What is the number of
distinct functions mapping into .

A. B. C. D.
isro2014 set-theory&algebra functions combinatory

Answer key ☟

12.3.2 Functions: ISRO-DEC2017-5

Let and . If is the range of and is the range of then

is

A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017 set-theory&algebra functions

Answer key ☟

12.4 Group Theory (1)

12.4.1 Group Theory: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 4

If is a group such that then is a/an

A. Commutative semi group B. Abelian group
C. Non-abelian group D. None of these
set-theory&algebra group-theory isro2016

Answer key ☟

12.5 Relations (2)

12.5.1 Relations: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 56

The time complexity of computing the transitive closure of binary relation on a set of elements is known
to be

a. b. c. d.
isro2018 set-theory&algebra relations time-complexity

Answer key ☟

12.5.2 Relations: ISRO-DEC2017-2

Consider the set of integers Let denote "divides with an integer quotient " (e.g. but not ).
Then is

A. Reflexive, Not Symmetric, Transitive

B. Not Reflexive, Not Anti-symmetric, Transitive
C. Reflexive, Anti-symmetric, Transitive
D. Not Reflexive, Not Anti-symmetric, Not Transitive

isrodec2017 set-theory&algebra relations

 Answer key ☟

12.6 Set Theory (4)

12.6.1 Set Theory: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 27

Which one of the following is true?

A.
B.
C.
D.

isro2011 set-theory&algebra set-theory

Answer key ☟

12.6.2 Set Theory: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 9

The symmetric difference of sets and is:

A. B.
C. D.
isro2017 set-theory&algebra set-theory

Answer key ☟

12.6.3 Set Theory: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 76

If and and the universe is . Then is

equal to
A.
B.
C.
D.

isro-2020 discrete-mathematics set-theory&algebra set-theory easy

Answer key ☟

12.6.4 Set Theory: ISRO-2013-74

The number of elements in the power set of the set {{A, B}, C} is

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 set-theory&algebra set-theory easy

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
12.0.1 B 12.0.2 D 12.0.3 B 12.1.1 C 12.2.1 C
12.3.1 A 12.3.2 A 12.4.1 B 12.5.1 D 12.5.2 B
12.6.1 A 12.6.2 B 12.6.3 X 12.6.4 D
13 Engineering Mathematics: Calculus (28)

13.0.1 ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 49

is the parametric form of

A. Ellipse B. Hyperbola C. Circle D. Parabola

isro2009 calculus

Answer key ☟

13.0.2 ISRO 2011-ECE Mathematics

a) 3/2
b) 2/3
c) 8/9
d) 8/13

isro-ece isro2011-ece engineering-mathematics calculus

Answer key ☟

13.0.3 ISRO 2010-ECE Calculus

What does the following integral evaluate to?

a) 5 π /16
b) 5 π /8
c) 0
d) 5 π /32

isro-ece engineering-mathematics calculus

Answer key ☟

13.0.4 ISRO 2010-ECE Continuity in functions

isro-ece engineering-mathematics calculus

Answer key ☟
13.0.5 ISRO 2009- ECE Calculus

f(x) = [ x] ( [ ] stands for greatest integer function)

a) f(x) continuous at x = 0

b) limit f(x) does not exist as x tend to 0

c) f '(0) = 1

d) f(x) not derivable at x = 0

isro-ece engineering-mathematics calculus

Answer key ☟

13.0.6 ISRO 2009- ECE Calculus

(x log sin x) is

a) 0

b) 1/2

c) 1

d) 2
isro-ece engineering-mathematics calculus

Answer key ☟

13.0.7 ISRO 2009-ECE Engineering Mathematics

There is a function f(x), such that f(0) = 1 and f ' (0)= -1 and f(x) is positive for all values of x. Then,

a) f"(x) < 0 for all x

b) -1 < f'' (x) < 0 for all x

c) -2 < f '' (x) < -1 for all x

d) None of the above

isro-ece engineering-mathematics calculus

Answer key ☟

13.0.8 ISRO 2008-ECE Integration

isro-ece engineering-mathematics calculus

13.0.9 ISRO 2007- ECE Integration

 isro-ece engineering-mathematics calculus

13.0.10 ISRO 2012- [Mech] Calculus

The approximate value of y(0.1) from dy/dx = y-1, y(0) =1 is

(a) 0.900

(b) 1.001

(c) 0.802

(d) 0.994
engineering-mathematics isro-mech calculus

Answer key ☟

13.0.11 ISRO 2013 Area under curve [Mech]

Area bounded by the parabola 2y= and the line x = y-4 is equal to
(a) 4.5
(b) 9
(c) 18
(d) 36
engineering-mathematics isro-mech calculus

Answer key ☟

13.0.12 ISRO 2013- Calculus [Mech]

Lim x 0
(a) 0
(b) ∞

(c) 1

(d) None of these

engineering-mathematics isro-mech calculus

Answer key ☟

13.0.13 ISRO 2013 Differentiation - [EE]

The derivative of a ideal step function is:

a) Zero

b) undefined

c) Impulse function

d) Sine function
 engineering-mathematics isro-ee calculus

Answer key ☟

13.0.14 ISRO 2013- Functions [EE]

The minimum point of the function ( / )- is at

a) x= 1

b) x = -1

c) x = 0

d) x = 1/ √ 3
isro-ee engineering-mathematics calculus

Answer key ☟

13.0.15 ISRO 2013- Integration [EE]

The integrating factor of equation sec 2 y dy/dx + x tan y = x3 is

a)

b)

c)

d)
isro-ee engineering-mathematics

Answer key ☟

13.0.16 ISRO 2015- Differential equation [EE]

The solution of the differential equation (d y /dx)=ky , Y(0)= C is

(a) x =ce-xy

(b) y= cekx

(c) x =ke cy

(d) y= ce-kx
isro-ee engineering-mathematics calculus

Answer key ☟

13.1 Area (1)

13.1.1 Area: ISRO ECE 2012 |: Engineering Mathematics

The area bounded by the curves is given by

a. b. c. d.
isro-ece isro2012-ece engineering-mathematics calculus area

Answer key ☟
13.2 Definite Integral (1)

13.2.1 Definite Integral: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: EC Calculus

Evaluate

A. B.
C. D.
isro2016-ece isro-ece calculus definite-integral

Answer key ☟

13.3 Differentiation (2)

13.3.1 Differentiation: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 59

-th derivative of is

A. B. C. D.
isro2011 calculus differentiation

Answer key ☟

13.3.2 Differentiation: ISRO ECE 2012 | Engineering Mathematics

a. b. c. d.
engineering-mathematics isro2012-ece isro-ece calculus differentiation

Answer key ☟

13.4 Functions (1)

13.4.1 Functions: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 15

The domain of the function is:

a. b. , for in
c. Empty set d. None of the above
isro2018 calculus functions

Answer key ☟

13.5 Integration (2)

13.5.1 Integration: ISRO 2013- Area under curve [EE]

The area bounded by the curves = 9x, x - y + 2 = 0 is given by

a) 1

b) 1/2

C) 3/2

d) 5/4
 isro-ee engineering-mathematics integration

Answer key ☟

13.5.2 Integration: ISRO2006-ECE calculus

isro-ece engineering-mathematics calculus integration

Answer key ☟

13.6 Limits (2)

13.6.1 Limits: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 3

is given by

A. B. C. D.
calculus limits isro2016

Answer key ☟

13.6.2 Limits: ISRO ECE 2016 | Mathematics

The value of is

a. b. c. d.
isro2016-ece isro-ece engineering-mathematics calculus limits

Answer key ☟

13.7 Maxima Minima (2)

13.7.1 Maxima Minima: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 50

The value of at which is minimum for is

A. B. C. D.
isro2009 calculus maxima-minima

Answer key ☟

13.7.2 Maxima Minima: ISRO-2013-49

What is the least value of the function in the interval ?

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 maxima-minima

Answer key ☟

13.8 Vector Calculus (1)

 13.8.1 Vector Calculus: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 45

Which of the following statement is correct

A.
B.
C.
D.

isro2009 calculus vector-calculus non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
13.0.1 A 13.0.2 Q-Q 13.0.3 Q-Q 13.0.4 Q-Q 13.0.5 Q-Q
13.0.6 Q-Q 13.0.7 Q-Q 13.0.8 Q-Q 13.0.9 Q-Q 13.0.10 Q-Q
13.0.11 Q-Q 13.0.12 Q-Q 13.0.13 Q-Q 13.0.14 Q-Q 13.0.15 Q-Q
13.0.16 Q-Q 13.1.1 Q-Q 13.2.1 Q-Q 13.3.1 D 13.3.2 Q-Q
13.4.1 C 13.5.1 Q-Q 13.5.2 Q-Q 13.6.1 C 13.6.2 Q-Q
13.7.1 B 13.7.2 C 13.8.1 B
14 Engineering Mathematics: Linear Algebra (71)

14.0.1 ISRO 2012- ECE : Engineering mathematics

I f , & are vectors and , , and

then ( x ). is :

a) 2

b) 1

c) 0

d) -1
isro-ece engineering-mathematics linear-algebra

14.0.2 ISRO 2011- ECE Mathematics

isro-ece isro2011-ece engineering-mathematics linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.3 ISRO 2011-ECE Linear Algebra

Which of the following system is linear?

a) =

b) =A )+B

c) = ( )

d) =
isro-ece isro2011-ece engineering-mathematics linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.4 ISRO 2011- Engineering mathematics

isro-ece engineering-mathematics isro2011-ece calculus

 Answer key ☟

14.0.5 ISRO 2011-ECE : Complex Numbers

(3 + i)/(5 + 5i) is same as

a. (2 - i)/5
b. 3 - i
c. 5 - 5i
d. (2 + i)/5

isro-ece isro2011-ece engineering-mathematics linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.6 ISRO 2011-ECE Mathematics

(cos 5 ϴ — i sin 5 ϴ ) is same as:

a. cos 10 ϴ + i sin 10 ϴ

b. cos 25 ϴ - sin 25 ϴ

c. (cos ϴ + i sin ϴ )

d. (cos ϴ - i sin ϴ )
isro-ece isro2011-ece engineering-mathematics

14.0.7 ISRO 2011- ECE Linear algebra

The value of x at which y has a minimum for is

a. -3/2

b. 3/2

c. 0

d. None of these
isro-ece isro2011-ece engineering-mathematics linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.8 ISRO 2010-ECE matrices

If every minor of order 'r' of a matrix 'A' is zero, then rank of 'A' is

a) greater than 'r'

b) equal to 'r'
c) less than or equal to 'r'
d) less than 'r'
isro-ece engineering-mathematics linear-algebra

Answer key ☟
14.0.9 ISRO 2010-ECE Matrices

Which of the following is true?

a) The product of the eigenvalues of a matrix is equal to the trace of the matrix
b) The eigenvalues of a skew-symmetric matrix are real
c) A is a nonzero column matrix and B is a nonzero row matrix, then the rank of AB is one
d) A system of linear non-homogeneous equations is consistent if and only if the rank of the coefficient matrix is
less than or equal to the rank of the augmented matrix

isro-ece engineering-mathematics linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.10 ISRO 2009-ECE Matrices

Evaluate A3 - 6A2 + 11 A -10I

a) Null matrix
b) Identity matrix
c) -4I
d) None of the above

isro-ece engineering-mathematics linear-algebra

14.0.11 ISRO 2009- ECE Linear algebra

If α and β are the roots of the equation . Then

is

a) 1

b) 2

c) 0

d) 3
isro-ece engineering-mathematics linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.12 ISRO 2009 -ECE Complex Numbers

Number of real values of is

a) 0
b) 1
c) n
d) None of the above
isro-ece engineering-mathematics
14.0.13 ISRO 2009- Engineering Mathematics

a) 1/4
b) 1/2
c) 1
d) None of above

isro-ece engineering-mathematics linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.14 ISRO 2008-ECE Maths / Vectors

The value of c which makes the angle 45° between a = i + cj and b = i+ j is

a) 1

b) 1/ √ 2

c) -1/ √ 2

d) 0
isro-ece engineering-mathematics

Answer key ☟

14.0.15 ISRO 2008- ECE adjoint Matrix

The matrix is its own adjoint. The value of x will be

(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) -3 (d) -5

isro-ece engineering-mathematics linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.16 ISRO 2007- ECE Vectors

A unit vector perpendicular to the vectors a= 2i –3j + k and b=i+j-2k , is

a) (1/ √ 3 ) (–i+j+k)

b) (1/ √ 3 )(i+j- k)

c) (1/ √ 3 )(i + j+k)

d) (i+j+k)
isro-ece engineering-mathematics

Answer key ☟
14.0.17 ISRO 2007- ECE Z plane

The region of the z plane for which |z-a|/|z+a| = 1 ( ≠ 0) is:

a) x-axis
b) y axis
c) The straight line z = lal
d) None of the above
isro-ece engineering-mathematics

Answer key ☟

14.0.18 ISRO 2007-ECE Roots of equation

If a,b,c are the roots of equations +p +q +p=0, Then the value of

is

a) n π /4

b) n π /2

c) n π

d) 2n π
isro-ece engineering-mathematics

Answer key ☟

14.0.19 ISRO 2007- ECE Determinant

The value of determinant is:

a) 0
b) 1
c) 3
d) a+b+c

isro-ece engineering-mathematics linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.20 ISRO 2007- ECE Matrices

The Algebraic multiplicity of the matrix A= is

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

isro-ece engineering-mathematics linear-algebra

 Answer key ☟

14.0.21 ISRO 2006-ECE Matrix determinant

The determinant of is:

a) 0
b) -1
c) 1
d) 2

isro-ece engineering-mathematics linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.22 ISRO 2006-ECE Concurrent Lines

The value of k for which the lines 2x + y -1 = 0,4x + 3y - 3 = 0 and 3x + ky - 2 = 0. are concurrent is

a) -2

b) 3

c) 2

d) -3
isro-ece engineering-mathematics linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.23 ISRO 2012 - [Mech]

rank of given matrix is

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3

engineering-mathematics isro-mech linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.24 ISRO 2012- [Mech] Vectors

The value of t for which A+ tB is perpendicular to C where A = i +2j + 3k, B = -i+2j+k and C = 3i+ j

(a) 5
(b) 4
(c) 12
(d) 0
isro-mech engineering-mathematics
14.0.25 ISRO 2012- [Mech] Engineering mathematics Cross product

A x B is a vector

(a) Parallel to A, but perpendicular to B

(b) Parallel to B, but perpendicular to A.

(c) Perpendicular to both A &B

(d) Parallel to both A & B

isro-mech engineering-mathematics

Answer key ☟

14.0.26 ISRO 2012: [Mech] Complex Numbers

1+ i Is equivalent to
(a) √ 2
(b) √ 2
(c) 2
(d) 2

engineering-mathematics isro-mech linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.27 ISRO 2012 - [Mech]

In a class of 45 students, the mean mark of 25 girls is 32 and the mean mark of 20 boys is 27.5. What is
the class mean?

(a) 32
(b) 27.5
(c) 29.75
(d) 30
engineering-mathematics isro-mech linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.28 ISRO 2016- Vectors [Mech]

The sine of the angle between the two vectors a = 3i + j + k and b = 2i -2j + k is
(a) √ (74/99)
(b) √ (25/99)
(c) √ (37/99)
(d) √ (5/99)

engineering-mathematics isro-mech linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.29 ISRO 2016 Coordinate geometry [Mech]

Equation of the line normal to function f(x)= +1 at P(0, 5) is

(a) y = 3x -5
 (b) 3y = x - 15

(c) 3y = x+15

(d) y=3x+5
engineering-mathematics isro-mech linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.30 ISRO 2015- matrices [Mech]

For which value of x, will the matrix become singular ? 12 6 0

(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 12

engineering-mathematics isro-mech linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.31 ISRO 2015- Conic sections [Mech]

Circular shapes appear in this fashion when viewed at an angle other than 90 degrees

(a) Circular (b) Elliptical (c) Lengthened (d) Angular

engineering-mathematics isro-mech linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.32 ISRO 2014- Matrices [mech]

Let A=

The only correct statement about the matrix A is

(a) A is a ZERO matrix

(b) A2=I

(c) A-1 does not exist

(d) A= (-1) I, where I is a Unit matrix

engineering-mathematics isro-mech linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.33 ISRO 2014- vector {mech}

Angle made between vector C = 2i- 3j+ 4k and the Z-axis is

a) 4 /√29

b) 4 /√29
 c) 4 /√29

d) 4 /√29
engineering-mathematics isro-mech linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.34 ISRO 2013 - matrices [Mech]

If A= then | - | is:

a) 0

b) 1

c) 120

d) 121
engineering-mathematics isro-mech linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.35 ISRO 2013- Angle between vectors [Mech]

Vector a= 3i + 2j - 6k, vector b= 4i - 3j + k, angle between above vectors is

(a) 90°
(b) 0°
(c) 45°

(d) 60°
engineering-mathematics isro-mech linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.36 ISRO 2013- Vectors [EE]

The vectors = , = , = , = are

a) Linearly independent

b) Linearly dependent

c) No relation

d) Exponentially dependent
engineering-mathematics isro-ee

Answer key ☟

14.0.37 ISRO 2013- Newton Raphson [EE]

The equation - + 4 - 4 = 0 is to be solved using the Newton - Raphson method. If x =2 is taken as

the initial approximation of the solution, then the next approximation using the method will be

a) 2/3

b) 4/3
 c) 1/3

d) 5/3
isro-ee engineering-mathematics

Answer key ☟

14.0.38 ISRO 2013- Polynomials [EE]

The unique polynomial P(x) of degree 2 such that: P(1) = 1, P(3) = 27, P(4) = 64 is

a) 8 -19x + 12

b) 8 + 19x + 12

c) -8 -19x + 12

d) -8 -19x - 12
isro-ee engineering-mathematics

Answer key ☟

14.0.39 ISRO 2013- Quadractic equation [EE]

If the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation a + b + c = 0 is equal to the sum of the squares of their
reciprocals, then a/c, b/a and c/b are in:
(A) arithmetic progression

(B) geometric progression

(C) arithmetic-geometric-progression

(D) harmonic progression

isro-ee engineering-mathematics linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.40 ISRO 2014 -Complex Numbers [EE]

If = then

(A) x = 2n + 1, where n is any positive integer

(B) x = 2n, where n is any positive integer

(C) x = 4n + 1, where n is any positive integer

(D) x = 4n, where n is any positive integer

isro-ee engineering-mathematics linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.0.41 ISRO 2014- Geometry [EE]

If a vertex of a triangle is (1, 1) and the mid-points of two sides through this vertex are (-1, 2) and (3, 2),
then the centroid of the triangle is

(A)
 (B)

(C)

(D)
engineering-mathematics isro-ee

Answer key ☟

14.0.42 ISRO 2014- Quadratic Equation [EE]

If one root of the equation x 2+ px +12 =0 is 4, while the equation x 2 + px + q = 0 has equal roots, then
the value of 'q' is
(A) 49/4

(B) 4

(C) 49/16

(D) 12
isro-ee engineering-mathematics

Answer key ☟

14.0.43 ISRO 2014 -Trigonometry [EE]

If tan = 8 / 15 and is acute, then cosec

(A) 8 / 17

(B) 8 / 15

(C) 17 / 8

(D) 17 / 15
isro-ee engineering-mathematics

Answer key ☟

14.0.44 ISRO 2015- Complex Numbers [EE]

If x = √ -1. then the value of x x is

(a) e- π /2

(b) x

(c) e π /2

(d) 1
isro-ee engineering-mathematics

Answer key ☟

14.0.45 ISRO-DEC2017-1

Suppose is a finite set with elements.The number of elements and the rank of the largest equivalence
relation on are
 A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

14.1 Determinant (4)

14.1.1 Determinant: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 31

If the two matrices and have the same determinant, then the value of is

A. B. C. D.
isro2008 linear-algebra matrix determinant

Answer key ☟

14.1.2 Determinant: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 60

If two adjacent rows of a determinant are interchanged, the value of the determinant
A. becomes zero B. remains unaltered
C. becomes infinitive D. becomes negative of its original value
isro2009 linear-algebra matrix determinant

Answer key ☟

14.1.3 Determinant: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 61

If then the value of is

A. B. C. D.
isro2009 linear-algebra matrix determinant

Answer key ☟

14.1.4 Determinant: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 63

A. B. C. D.
isro2009 linear-algebra matrix determinant

Answer key ☟

14.2 Eigen Value (5)

14.2.1 Eigen Value: ISRO 2006-ECE Eigen Values

The Eigen values of are:

a) 6, 1
b) 6, -1
 c) -6, 1
d) -6,-1

isro-ece engineering-mathematics linear-algebra eigen-value

Answer key ☟

14.2.2 Eigen Value: ISRO 2012- ECE Matrices

The Eigen values of matrix are:

a) ± cos∝
b) ± sin ∝
c) tan ∝ & cot ∝
d) cos ∝ ± sin ∝

engineering-mathematics isro-ece isro2012-ece linear-algebra eigen-value

Answer key ☟

14.2.3 Eigen Value: ISRO 2015- Eigen Values [mech]

Eigen values of the matrix are:

a) 3,-3

b) -3, -5

c) 3, 5

d) 5 ,0
engineering-mathematics isro-mech linear-algebra eigen-value

Answer key ☟

14.2.4 Eigen Value: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 09

Eigen vectors of are

A.

B.

C.

D.

isro2007 linear-algebra matrix eigen-value

 Answer key ☟

14.2.5 Eigen Value: ISRO-2013-33

What is the matrix transformation which takes the independent vectors and and

transforms them to and respectively?

A. B.

C. D.
isro2013 linear-algebra eigen-value

Answer key ☟

14.3 Functions (1)

14.3.1 Functions: ISRO 2006-ECE Functions

+ sin is
a) Constant function
b) Odd function
c) Even function
d) Periodic function

isro-ece engineering-mathematics linear-algebra functions

Answer key ☟

14.4 Geometry (2)

14.4.1 Geometry: ISRO 2007- ECE Geometry

Equation of a straight line passing through the point (-1,2) and making equal intercepts on the axes is

a) x -y =1

b)x-2y=1

c)x+y=1

d) x-y=2
isro-ece engineering-mathematics geometry

Answer key ☟

14.4.2 Geometry: ISRO 2012- Coordinate geometry [Mech]

The equation of the plane through the line

and parallel to the line is

(a) =
(b) =
(c) =
(d) =
isro-mech engineering-mathematics geometry
14.5 Matrix (11)

14.5.1 Matrix: ISRO 2013 - Matrices [Mech]

If A is Square Matrix of order 3, then product of A and its transpose is

(a) Unit Matrix

(b) Zero Matrix

(c) Identity Matrix

(d) Symmetric Matrix

engineering-mathematics isro-mech linear-algebra matrix

Answer key ☟

14.5.2 Matrix: ISRO 2013- Matrices /Mech

Tha matrix is

(a) Orthogonal Matrix

(b) Skew Symmetric

(c) Symmetric

(d) Idempotent
engineering-mathematics isro-mech matrix linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.5.3 Matrix: ISRO 2013- Matrices [EE]

Characteristic roots of matrix and will be

a) Different

b) Same

c) Cannot say about roots

d) None of these
isro-ee matrix

Answer key ☟

14.5.4 Matrix: ISRO 2014 -Matrices [Mech]

Let M be a 3 x 3 matrix satisfying:

Then the sum of the diagonal entries of M is:

(a) 9
 (b) 12
(c) 6
(d)0

engineering-mathematics isro-mech linear-algebra matrix

Answer key ☟

14.5.5 Matrix: ISRO 2016- matrices [Mech]

What is the value of

a) 2
b) 4
c) 8
d) 0

matrix engineering-mathematics isro-mech linear-algebra

Answer key ☟

14.5.6 Matrix: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 34

If a square matrix A satisfies , then the matrix is

A. Idempotent B. Symmetric C. Orthogonal D. Hermitian

isro2008 linear-algebra matrix

Answer key ☟

14.5.7 Matrix: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 59

A square matrix is called orthogonal if

A. B. C. D.
isro2009 linear-algebra matrix

Answer key ☟

14.5.8 Matrix: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 62

If are any three matrices, then is equal to

A. a null matrix B. C. D.
isro2009 linear-algebra matrix

Answer key ☟

14.5.9 Matrix: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 36

If and are square matrices with same order and is symmetric, then is
A. Skew symmetric
B. Symmetric
C. Orthogonal
D. Idempotent
 isro2011 linear-algebra matrix

Answer key ☟

14.5.10 Matrix: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 1

If is a skew symmetric matrix then is

A. Diagonal matrix B. C. D.
isro2017 linear-algebra matrix

Answer key ☟

14.5.11 Matrix: ISRO-DEC2017-17

If is a skew-symmetric matrix of order and is column matrix, then is a

A. scalar matrix B. null matrix C. unit matrix D. matrix will all elements
isrodec2017 matrix

Answer key ☟

14.6 Rank of Matrix (1)

14.6.1 Rank of Matrix: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 72

The rank of the matrix is ______ .

A. B. C. D.
matrix linear-algebra isro2014 rank-of-matrix

Answer key ☟

14.7 System of Equations (1)

14.7.1 System of Equations: ISRO ECE 2012 |: Engineering Mathematics

The system of equations has

a. A unique solution b. No solution
c. An infinite number of solutions d. None of these
isro2012-ece isro-ece linear-algebra system-of-equations

Answer key ☟

14.8 Vector Space (1)

14.8.1 Vector Space: ISRO-DEC2017-10

If vectors and are perpendicular to each other, then value of is

A. B. C. D.

isrodec2017 vector-space

Answer key ☟
Answer Keys
14.0.1 Q-Q 14.0.2 Q-Q 14.0.3 Q-Q 14.0.4 Q-Q 14.0.5 Q-Q
14.0.6 Q-Q 14.0.7 Q-Q 14.0.8 Q-Q 14.0.9 Q-Q 14.0.10 Q-Q
14.0.11 Q-Q 14.0.12 Q-Q 14.0.13 Q-Q 14.0.14 Q-Q 14.0.15 Q-Q
14.0.16 Q-Q 14.0.17 Q-Q 14.0.18 Q-Q 14.0.19 Q-Q 14.0.20 Q-Q
14.0.21 Q-Q 14.0.22 Q-Q 14.0.23 Q-Q 14.0.24 Q-Q 14.0.25 Q-Q
14.0.26 Q-Q 14.0.27 Q-Q 14.0.28 Q-Q 14.0.29 Q-Q 14.0.30 Q-Q
14.0.31 Q-Q 14.0.32 Q-Q 14.0.33 Q-Q 14.0.34 Q-Q 14.0.35 Q-Q
14.0.36 Q-Q 14.0.37 Q-Q 14.0.38 Q-Q 14.0.39 Q-Q 14.0.40 Q-Q
14.0.41 Q-Q 14.0.42 Q-Q 14.0.43 Q-Q 14.0.44 Q-Q 14.0.45 C
14.1.1 A 14.1.2 D 14.1.3 C 14.1.4 C 14.2.1 Q-Q
14.2.2 Q-Q 14.2.3 Q-Q 14.2.4 Q-Q 14.2.5 D 14.3.1 Q-Q
14.4.1 Q-Q 14.4.2 Q-Q 14.5.1 Q-Q 14.5.2 Q-Q 14.5.3 Q-Q
14.5.4 Q-Q 14.5.5 Q-Q 14.5.6 C 14.5.7 A 14.5.8 C
14.5.9 B 14.5.10 D 14.5.11 B 14.6.1 C 14.7.1 Q-Q
14.8.1 D
15 Engineering Mathematics: Probability (34)

15.0.1 ISRO 2009- ECE Engineering Mathematics

A straight line and a circle of radius a are given. A chord is drawn at random to this circle parallel to the
given line. Expected length of the chord is

a) 2a
b) π a
c) π a/2
d) None of the above
isro-ece engineering-mathematics

Answer key ☟

15.0.2 ISRO-DEC2017-3

A bag contains red balls and black balls.Two balls are removed at a time repeatedly and discarded if
they are of the same colour, but if they are different, black ball is discarded and red ball is returned to the
bag ,The probability that this process will terminate with one red ball is

A. B. C. D.

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

15.1 Arithmetic Mean (1)

15.1.1 Arithmetic Mean: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 67

The arithmetic mean of attendance of students of class is and that of students of class is
Then the percentage of arithmetic mean of attendance of class and is

A. B. C. D.
isro2011 probability arithmetic-mean

Answer key ☟

15.2 Conditional Probability (4)

15.2.1 Conditional Probability: GATE CSE 1994 | Question: 1.4, ISRO2017-2

Let and be any two arbitrary events, then, which one of the following is TRUE?

A. B.
C. D.
gate1994 probability conditional-probability normal isro2017

Answer key ☟

15.2.2 Conditional Probability: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 33

Company shipped computer chips, of which was defective. and company shipped computer
chips, of which were defective. One computer chip is to be chosen uniformly at a random from the
chips shipped by the companies. If the chosen chip is found to be defective, what is the probability that the chip
came from the company
 A. B. C. D.
isro2007 probability conditional-probability

Answer key ☟

15.2.3 Conditional Probability: ISRO-2013-71

Let denote the probability of the occurrence of event . If and then the
values of and respectively are

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 probability conditional-probability

Answer key ☟

15.2.4 Conditional Probability: ISRO2016 EC Probability

A person on a trip has a choice between a private car and public transport. The probability of using a
private car is While using public transport, the further choice available are bus and metro. Out of
which the probability of commuting by a bus is In such a situation, the probability (rounded up to two
decimals) of using a car, bus and metro respectively would be
a. and b. and
c. and d. and
isro2016-ece isro-ece probability conditional-probability

Answer key ☟

15.3 Expectation (1)

15.3.1 Expectation: ISRO 2009-ECE Probability

A man with n keys wants to open a lock. He tries his keys at random.

The expected number of attempts for his success is (keys are replaced after every attempt)

a) n/2

b) n

c) √ n

d) None of the above

isro-ece engineering-mathematics expectation

15.4 Mean Mode Median (1)

15.4.1 Mean Mode Median: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 74

What is the median of data if its mode is and the mean is

A. B. C. D.
probability statistics mean-mode-median isro2014

Answer key ☟

15.5 Normal Distribution (1)

 15.5.1 Normal Distribution: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 65

If the mean of a normal frequency distribution of items is and its standard deviation is then its
maximum ordinate is

A. B.
C. D.
isro2009 statistics normal-distribution

Answer key ☟

15.6 Poisson Distribution (1)

15.6.1 Poisson Distribution: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 66

If the pdf of a Poisson distribution is given by then its mean is

A. B. C. D.
isro2009 probability poisson-distribution

Answer key ☟

15.7 Probability (20)

15.7.1 Probability: ISRO 2006- ECE Probability

A box contains 5 black and 5 red balls. Two balls are one after another from the box, without replacement.
The probability of both balls being red is

a) 1/90

b) 1/5

c) 19/90

d) 2/9
isro-ece engineering-mathematics probability

Answer key ☟

15.7.2 Probability: ISRO 2007- ECE Probability

A bag contains eight white and six red marbles. The probability of drawing two marbles of same colour is

a) . /

b) / + /

c) . / .

d) ​/ ​+ ​/
isro-ece engineering-mathematics probability

Answer key ☟

15.7.3 Probability: ISRO 2008- ECE Probability

A husband and wife appear in an interview for two vacancies for same post The. probability of husband
 getting selected is 1 /5 while the probability of wife getting selected is 1/7. Then the probability that
anyone of them getting selected is

a) 1 /35

b) 11/35

c) 12/35

d) 34/35
isro-ece probability engineering-mathematics

Answer key ☟

15.7.4 Probability: ISRO 2012- ECE Probability

a) 0 & 1
b) 1 & 2
c) 1 & 4
d) None of these

engineering-mathematics isro-ece isro2012-ece probability

Answer key ☟

15.7.5 Probability: ISRO 2012- Probability [Mech]

The probability that A happens is 1/3. the odds against happening A are:

a) 2:1

b) 3:2

c) 1:2

d) 2:3
engineering-mathematics isro-mech probability

Answer key ☟

15.7.6 Probability: ISRO 2012: [Mech] Probability

Let E and F be any two events with P(E U F)= 0.8, P(E) = 0.4 and P (E/ F) = 0.3. Then P (F) is

(a) 3/7
(b) 4/7
(c) 3/5
(d) 2/5
engineering-mathematics isro-mech probability

Answer key ☟

15.7.7 Probability: ISRO 2013 Probability [EE]

An urn contains 5 black and 5 white balls. The probability of drawing two balls of the same colour
 a) 2/9

b) 4/9

c) 1/9

d) 5/9
isro-ee engineering-mathematics probability

Answer key ☟

15.7.8 Probability: ISRO 2013- Probability [Mech]

If the probability for A to fail an examination is 0.2 and that for B is 0.3, then probability that either A of B
fail is
(a) 0.5
(b) 0.06
(c) 0.44
(d) 0.38
engineering-mathematics isro-mech probability

Answer key ☟

15.7.9 Probability: ISRO 2013- Probability/Leap year [Mech]

Chance that a leap year selected at random will contain 53 Sundays is

(a) 3/7
(b) 7/2
(c) 7/3
(d) 2/7
engineering-mathematics isro-mech probability

Answer key ☟

15.7.10 Probability: ISRO 2013- probability [EE]

Ten percent of screws produced in a certain factory turn out to be defective. Find the probability that in a
sample of 10 screws chosen at random, exactly two will be defective.
a) 0.2

b) 0.25

c) 0.8
d) 0.3 79.
isro-ee probability

Answer key ☟

15.7.11 Probability: ISRO 2014- Probability [Mech]

A purse contains 4 copper coins and 3 silver coins. A second purse contains 6 copper coins and 4 silver
coins. A purse is chosen randomly and a coin is taken out of it. What is the probability that it is a copper
coin?

a) 70/82

b) 35/70
 c) 41/82

d) 41/70
engineering-mathematics isro-mech probability

Answer key ☟

15.7.12 Probability: ISRO 2014- probability [EE]

A student is to answer 10 out of 13 questions in an examination such that he must choose at least 4 from
the first five questions. The number of choices available to him is
(A) 140
(B) 196

(C) 280

(D) 346
isro-ee engineering-mathematics probability

Answer key ☟

15.7.13 Probability: ISRO 2015- probability [Mech]

The probability that a teacher will give an unannounced test during any class is 1/5. If a student is absent
twice, then probability that misses at least one test is

(a) 24/25

(b) 16/25

(c) 7/25

(d) 9/25
engineering-mathematics isro-mech probability

Answer key ☟

15.7.14 Probability: ISRO 2016 Mech: Probability

A and B are two candidates appearing for an interview by a company. The probability that A is selected is
0.5 and the probability that both A and B are selected is at most 0.3. The probability of B getting selected
is

(a) 0.9

(b) <= 0.6

(c) <=0.3

(d) 0.5
probability isromech2016 engineering-mathematics

Answer key ☟

15.7.15 Probability: ISRO 2016 Number of trials [Mech]

There are 20 locks and 20 matching keys. Maximum number of trials required to match all the locks is
 (a) 190

(b) 210

(c) 400

(d) 40
engineering-mathematics isro-mech probability

Answer key ☟

15.7.16 Probability: ISRO 2016 Probability [Mech]

A and B are two candidates appearing for an interview by a company. The probability that A is selected is
0.5 and the probability that both A and B are selected is at most 0.3. The probability of B getting selected
is

(a) 0.9

(b) 0.3

(c) 0.6

(d) 0.5
engineering-mathematics isro-mech probability

Answer key ☟

15.7.17 Probability: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 61

Three coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability that they will fall two heads and one tail is

A. B. C. D.
isro2011 probability

Answer key ☟

15.7.18 Probability: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 37

The probability that two friends are born in the same month is ____ ?

A. B. C. D.
probability isro2014

Answer key ☟

15.7.19 Probability: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 14

A class of students occupy a classroom containing rows of seats, with seats in each row. If the
students seat themselves at random, the probability that sixth seat in the fifth row will be empty is:

a. b. c. d.
isro2018 probability

Answer key ☟
 15.7.20 Probability: ISRO ECE 2012 | Probability

Person can solve of the ISRO question paper and Person can solve The probability that at
least one of them will solve a problem from the question paper, selected at random is :

a.
b.
c.
d.
isro2012-ece isro-ece engineering-mathematics probability

Answer key ☟

15.8 Probability Density Function (1)

15.8.1 Probability Density Function: GATE CSE 2003 | Question: 60, ISRO2007-45

A program consists of two modules executed sequentially. Let and respectively denote the
probability density functions of time taken to execute the two modules. The probability density function of
the overall time taken to execute the program is given by
A. B.
C. D.
gatecse-2003 probability normal isro2007 probability-density-function

Answer key ☟

15.9 Random Variable (1)

15.9.1 Random Variable: GATE CSE 2005 | Question: 12, ISRO2009-64

Let be the continuous probability density function of a random variable , the probability that
, is :
A. B.

C. D.
gatecse-2005 probability random-variable easy isro2009

Answer key ☟

15.10 Standard Deviation (1)

15.10.1 Standard Deviation: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 56

For the distributions given below:

 Which of the following is correct for the above distributions?

A. Standard deviation of is significantly lower than standard deviation of

B. Standard deviation of is slightly lower than standard deviation of
C. Standard deviation of is same as standard deviation of
D. Standard deviation of is significantly higher than standard deviation of

isro-2020 probability standard-deviation normal

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
15.0.1 Q-Q 15.0.2 A 15.1.1 D 15.2.1 D 15.2.2 C
15.2.3 C 15.2.4 A 15.3.1 Q-Q 15.4.1 B 15.5.1 D
15.6.1 B 15.7.1 Q-Q 15.7.2 B 15.7.3 Q-Q 15.7.4 Q-Q
15.7.5 Q-Q 15.7.6 Q-Q 15.7.7 Q-Q 15.7.8 Q-Q 15.7.9 Q-Q
15.7.10 Q-Q 15.7.11 Q-Q 15.7.12 Q-Q 15.7.13 Q-Q 15.7.14 B
15.7.15 Q-Q 15.7.16 Q-Q 15.7.17 D 15.7.18 B 15.7.19 C
15.7.20 Q-Q 15.8.1 C 15.9.1 C 15.10.1 C
16 General Aptitude: Analytical Aptitude (1)

16.1 Sequence Series (1)

16.1.1 Sequence Series: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 61

The Fibonacci sequence is the sequence of integers

A. B.
C. D.
isro2007 analytical-aptitude sequence-series

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
16.1.1 B
17 General Aptitude: Quantitative Aptitude (4)

17.1 Geometry (1)

17.1.1 Geometry: ISRO-2013-72

How many diagonals can be drawn by joining the angular points of an octagon?

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 quantitative-aptitude geometry

Answer key ☟

17.2 Inequality (1)

17.2.1 Inequality: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 1

Which of the following is true ?

A. B.
C. D.
quantitative-aptitude isro2016 inequality

Answer key ☟

17.3 LCM HCF (1)

17.3.1 LCM HCF: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 55

If , then will be equal to

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 quantitative-aptitude easy lcm-hcf

Answer key ☟

17.4 Summation (1)

17.4.1 Summation: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 2

What is the sum to infinity of the series,

given

A. B. C. D.
quantitative-aptitude summation isro2016

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
17.1.1 B 17.2.1 D 17.3.1 B 17.4.1 C
18 Non GATE CSE: Cloud Computing (1)

18.1 Cloud Computing (1)

18.1.1 Cloud Computing: ISRO-2013-78

Which of the following is not provided as a service in cloud computing?

A. Infrastructure as a service B. Architecture as a service
C. Software as a service D. Platform as a service
isro2013 cloud-computing non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
18.1.1 B
19 Non GATE CSE: Computer Graphics (9)

19.1 Computer Graphics (7)

19.1.1 Computer Graphics: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 2

The term Phong associated with

A. Ray tracing B. shading
C. Hiddenline removal D. a game
isro2008 computer-graphics non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

19.1.2 Computer Graphics: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 74

A Steiner patch is

A. Biquadratic Bezeir patch B. Bicubic patch

C. Circular patch only D. Bilinear Bezier patch
isro2008 non-gatecse computer-graphics

Answer key ☟

19.1.3 Computer Graphics: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 7

Which of the following is true about -buffer algorithm?

A. It is a depth sort algorithm

B. No limitation on total number of objects
C. Comparisons of objects is done
D. -buffer is initialized to background colour at start of algorithm

isro2011 non-gatecse computer-graphics

Answer key ☟

19.1.4 Computer Graphics: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 34

How much memory is required to implement -buffer algorithm for a bit-plane image?

A. KB B. MB C. MB D. MB
non-gatecse computer-graphics isro2014

Answer key ☟

19.1.5 Computer Graphics: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 48

A frame buffer array is addressed in row major order for a monitor with pixel locations starting from
and ending with What is address of the pixel Assume one bit storage per pixel and
starting pixel location is at

A. B. C. D.
isro2014 non-gatecse computer-graphics

Answer key ☟

19.1.6 Computer Graphics: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 39

Perform window to viewport transformation for the point (20,15). Assume that is ;
is ; is ; is . The value of and
 in the viewport is
A.
B.
C.
D.

isro2018 non-gatecse normal computer-graphics

Answer key ☟

19.1.7 Computer Graphics: ISRO-2013-80

In graphics, the number of vanishing points depends on

A. The number of axes cut by the projection plane

B. The center of projection
C. The number of axes which are parallel to the projection plane
D. The perspective projections of any set of parallel lines that are not parallel to the projection plane

isro2013 computer-graphics non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

19.2 Shading (1)

19.2.1 Shading: ISRO-2013-31

In which of the following shading models of polygons, the interpolation of intensity values is done along
the scan line?
A. Gourard shading B. Phong shading
C. Constant shading D. Flat shading
isro2013 shading non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

19.3 Unix (1)

19.3.1 Unix: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 57

Which of the following UNIX command allows scheduling a program to be executed at the specifies time?

A. cron B. nice C. date and time D. schedule

isro2011 unix non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
19.1.1 B 19.1.2 A 19.1.3 D 19.1.4 Q-Q 19.1.5 A
19.1.6 C 19.1.7 Q-Q 19.2.1 A 19.3.1 A
20 Non GATE CSE: Computer Peripherals (6)

20.1 Computer Peripherals (5)

20.1.1 Computer Peripherals: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 44

The device which is used to connect a peripheral to bus is known as

A. control register B. interface
C. communication protocol D. none of these
isro2008 non-gatecse computer-peripherals

Answer key ☟

20.1.2 Computer Peripherals: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 22

A system is having bytes of video memory for bit-mapped graphics with -bit colour. What is the
maximum resolution it can support?

A. B.
C. D.
isro2011 computer-peripherals

Answer key ☟

20.1.3 Computer Peripherals: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 23

What is the meaning of signal in Intel

A. Read (when it is low) B. Read (when it is high)
C. Write (when it is low) D. Read and Write (when it is high)
isro2011 non-gatecse computer-peripherals

Answer key ☟

20.1.4 Computer Peripherals: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 9

What is the raw throughput of USB technology?

A. Mbps B. Mbps C. Mbps D. Mbps

isro2011 non-gatecse computer-peripherals

Answer key ☟

20.1.5 Computer Peripherals: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 46

SATA is the abbreviation of

A. Serial Advanced Technology Attachment B. Serial Advanced Technology Architecture
C. Serial Advanced Technology Adapter D. Serial Advanced Technology Array
isro2017 computer-peripherals non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

20.2 Ieee1394 (1)

20.2.1 Ieee1394: ISRO-2013-20

IEEE 1394 is related to

A. B. C. Firewire D. PCI
isro2013 ieee1394
 Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
20.1.1 B 20.1.2 B 20.1.3 A 20.1.4 A 20.1.5 A
20.2.1 C
21 Non GATE CSE: Digital Image Processing (4)

21.1 Digital Image Processing (3)

21.1.1 Digital Image Processing: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 7

What does a pixel mask mean?

A. string containing only B. string containing only

C. string containing two D. string containing and
non-gatecse digital-image-processing isro2014

Answer key ☟

21.1.2 Digital Image Processing: ISRO-2013-10

If the frame buffer has 8 bits per pixel and 8 bits are allocated for each of the components, what
would be the size of the lookup table?

A. bytes B. bytes C. bytes D. bytes

isro2013 digital-image-processing

Answer key ☟

21.1.3 Digital Image Processing: ISRO2015-65

Which of the following is not an image type used in

A. frame B. frame C. frame D. frame

isro2015 digital-image-processing non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

21.2 Image Compression (1)

21.2.1 Image Compression: ISRO2015-63

Which of the following compression algorithms is used to generate a file?

A. B. Deflate C. D. Huffman
isro2015 digital-image-processing image-compression non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
21.1.1 D 21.1.2 C 21.1.3 A 21.2.1 B
22 Non GATE CSE: Digital Signal Processing (1)

22.1 Semiconductor (1)

22.1.1 Semiconductor: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 64

When n-type semiconductor is heated?

A. number of electrons increases while that of holes decreases

B. number of holes increases while that of electrons decreases
C. number of electrons and holes remain the same
D. number of electron and holes increases equally

isro2011 semiconductor non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
22.1.1 B
23 Non GATE CSE: Distributed Computing (1)

23.1 Distributed Computing (1)

23.1.1 Distributed Computing: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 80

A computing architecture, which allows the user to use computers from multiple administrative domains to
reach a common goal is called as
A. Grid Computing B. Neutral Networks
C. Parallel Processing D. Cluster Computing
isro2014 non-gatecse distributed-computing

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
23.1.1 A
24 Non GATE CSE: Geometry (4)

24.1 Circle (1)

24.1.1 Circle: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 9

Let be the radius of the circle. What is the angle subtended by an arc of length at the center of the
circle?
A. degree B. radian
C. degrees D. radians
isro2014 circle geometry

Answer key ☟

24.2 Geometry (3)

24.2.1 Geometry: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 76

What is the matrix that represents rotation of an object by about the origin in

A.

B.

C.

D.

isro2011 geometry

Answer key ☟

24.2.2 Geometry: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 54

The conic section that is obtained when a right circular cone is cut through a plane that is parallel to the
side of the cone is called _____

A. parabola B. hyperpola C. circle D. ellipse

isro2014 non-gatecse geometry

Answer key ☟

24.2.3 Geometry: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 65

A cube of side unit is placed in such a way that the origin coincides with one of its top vertices and the
three axes along three of its edges. What are the co-ordinates of the vertex which is diagonally opposite to
the vertex whose co-ordinates are

A. B. C. D.
isro2014 geometry non-gatecse

Answer key ☟
Answer Keys
24.1.1 B 24.2.1 A 24.2.2 A 24.2.3 B
25 Non GATE CSE: Integrated Circuits (4)

25.1 Integrated Circuits (4)

25.1.1 Integrated Circuits: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 35

The output and level for TTL Logic family is approximately

A. and B. and
C. and D. and
isro2007 digital-logic integrated-circuits non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

25.1.2 Integrated Circuits: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 21

The advantage of MOS devices over bipolar devices is that

A. it allows higher bit densities and also cost effective B. it is easy to fabricate
C. it is higher-impedance and operational speed D. all of these
isro2008 non-gatecse integrated-circuits

Answer key ☟

25.1.3 Integrated Circuits: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 80

Logic family popular for low power dissipation

A. CMOS B. ECL C. TTL D. DTL

isro2011 non-gatecse integrated-circuits

Answer key ☟

25.1.4 Integrated Circuits: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 46

If the maximum output voltage of a DAC is volts and if the resolution is bits then the weight of the
most significant bit is ________

A.
B.
C.
D.

isro2014 non-gatecse integrated-circuits

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
25.1.1 B 25.1.2 D 25.1.3 A 25.1.4 B
26 Non GATE CSE: IS&Software Engineering (50)

26.1 Cmm Model (1)

26.1.1 Cmm Model: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 47

Capability maturity Model (CMM) is the methodology to

A. develop and refine an organization's software development process

B. develop the software
C. test the software
D. All of the above

isro2017 is&software-engineering non-gatecse cmm-model

Answer key ☟

26.2 Cyclomatic Complexity (6)

26.2.1 Cyclomatic Complexity: GATE CSE 2010 | Question: 21,ISRO2017-60

The cyclomatic complexity of each of the modules and shown below is What is the cyclomatic
complexity of the sequential integration shown on the right hand side?

A. B. C. D.
gatecse-2010 is&software-engineering cyclomatic-complexity easy isro2017

Answer key ☟

26.2.2 Cyclomatic Complexity: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 65

The Cyclomatic Complexity metric V(G) of the following control flow graph

A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
isro2011 is&software-engineering cyclomatic-complexity

Answer key ☟
26.2.3 Cyclomatic Complexity: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 4

Consider the following pseudo- code

while (m<n)
if (x>y ) and (a<b) then
a=a+1
y=y-1
end if
m=m+1 end while

What is cyclomatic complexity of the above pseudo -code?

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
isro2014 is&software-engineering cyclomatic-complexity non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

26.2.4 Cyclomatic Complexity: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 69

Consider the following pseudo-code

I=0; J=0; K=8;
while(I<K-1) //while-1
{
J=J+1;
while(J<K) //while-2
{
if(x[I]<x[J])
{
temp = x[I];
x[I]=x[J];
x[J]=temp;
}
}// end of while-2
I=I+1;
}// end of while-1

The cyclomatic complexity of the above is

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 is&software-engineering cyclomatic-complexity normal

Answer key ☟

26.2.5 Cyclomatic Complexity: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 61

McCabe's cyclomatic complexity number of a program control graph 'G' with e edges, nodes and
disconnected paths is defined as
A. B.
C. D.

isro-cse-2023 is&software-engineering non-gatecse cyclomatic-complexity

Answer key ☟

26.2.6 Cyclomatic Complexity: ISRO-2013-66

What is the cyclomatic complexity of a module which has seventeen edges and thirteen nodes?

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 is&software-engineering cyclomatic-complexity non-gatecse

Answer key ☟
26.3 Is&software Engineering (23)

26.3.1 Is&software Engineering: ISRO 2008- ECE Software Engineering

Which of the following relation is valid?

Where
MTBF = Mean Time Between Failures
MTTF = Mean Time To Failures
MTTR = Mean Time To Repair

(a) MTBF = MTTF + MTTR

(b) MTTR + MTTF + MTBF =1
(c) 1/ MTTR +1/MTTF= 1/ MTBF
(d) MTBF. MTTF. MTTR =1

isro-ece is&software-engineering

Answer key ☟

26.3.2 Is&software Engineering: ISRO 2017-39

Estimation at software development effort for organic software in basic COCOMO is:

A. E = 2.0 (KLOC) 1.05 PM B. E = 3.4 (KLOC) 1.06 PM

C. E = 2.4 (KLOC) 1.05 PM D. E = 2.4 (KLOC) 1.07 PM
isro2017 is&software-engineering non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

26.3.3 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 28

The level of aggregation of information required for operational control is

A. Detailed B. Aggregate
C. Qualitative D. None of the above
isro2007 non-gatecse is&software-engineering

Answer key ☟

26.3.4 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 76

Which of the following is not an approach to Software Process Assessment?

A. SPICE(ISO/IEC15504) B. Standard CMMI Assessment Method for process
improvement
C. ISO 9001:2000 D. IEEE 2000:2001
isro2007 is&software-engineering

Answer key ☟

26.3.5 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 77

A physical DFD specifies

A. what processes will be used B. who generates data and who processes it
C. what each person in an organization does D. which data will be generated
isro2007 is&software-engineering

Answer key ☟
26.3.6 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 17

A context model of a software system can be shown by drawing a

A. LEVEL-0 DFD B. LEVEL-1 DFD C. LEVEL-2 DFD D. LEVEL-3 DFD

isro2011 is&software-engineering

Answer key ☟

26.3.7 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 51

Warnier Diagram enables the analyst to represent

A. Class structure B. Information Hierarchy
C. Data Flow D. State Transition
isro2011 is&software-engineering non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

26.3.8 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 20

Which of the following is not a maturity level as per Capability Maturity Model?

A. Initial B. Measurable C. Repeatable D. Optimized

is&software-engineering non-gatecse isro2014

Answer key ☟

26.3.9 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 69

For a software project, the spiral model was employed. When will the spiral stop?

A. When the software product is retired

B. When the software product is released after Beta testing
C. When the risk analysis is completed
D. After completing five loops

isro2014 is&software-engineering non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

26.3.10 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 61

The extent to which the s/w can continue to operate correctly despite the introduction of invalid inputs is
called as

A. Reliability B. Robustness C. Fault tolerance D. Portability

is&software-engineering isro2016

Answer key ☟

26.3.11 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 62

Which one of the following is a functional requirement ?

A. Maintainability B. Portability
C. Robustness D. None of the mentioned
is&software-engineering isro2016

Answer key ☟
26.3.12 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 63

Configuration management is not concerned with

A. controlling changes to the source code

B. choice of hardware configuration for an application
C. controllling documentation changes
D. maintaining versions of software

non-gatecse is&software-engineering isro2016

Answer key ☟

26.3.13 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 65

A company needs to develop a digital signal processing software for one of its newest inventions. The
software is expected to have 20000 lines of code. The company needs to determine the effort in person-
months needed to develop this software using the basic COCOMO model. The multiplicative factor for this model
is given as 2.2 for the software development on embedded systems, while the exponentiation factor is given as 1.5.
What is the estimated effort in person-months?

A. 196.77 B. 206.56 C. 199.56 D. 210.68

non-gatecse is&software-engineering isro2016

Answer key ☟

26.3.14 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 58

Which of the following is not a life cycle model?

A. Spiral model B. Prototyping model

C. Waterfall model D. Capability maturity model
isro2017 is&software-engineering non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

26.3.15 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 61

In software maintenance tackling the changes in the hardware or software environment where the software
works, is
A. Corrective maintenance B. Perfective maintenance
C. Adaptive maintenance D. Preventive maintenance
isro2017 is&software-engineering non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

26.3.16 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 65

Which product metric gives the measure of the average length of words and sentence in documents?
A. SCI number B. Cyclomatic complexity
C. LOC D. Fog index
isro2017 is&software-engineering non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

26.3.17 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 47

In a particular program, it is found that % of the code account for % of the execution time. To code a
program in C++, it takes man-days. Coding in assembly language is times harder than coding in
C++, but runs times faster. Converting an existing C++ program into an assembly language program is times
 faster.
To completely write the program in C++ and rewrite the % code in assembly language, if a project team needs 13
days, the team consist of
a. programmers b. programmers
c. programmers d. programmers
isro2018 is&software-engineering

Answer key ☟

26.3.18 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 59

The lower degree of cohesion is kind of:

a. Logical Cohesion b. Coincidental Cohesion
c. Procedural Cohesion d. Communicational Cohesion
isro2018 is&software-engineering

Answer key ☟

26.3.19 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 76

Cloaking is a search engine optimization technique. During cloaking:

a. Content presented to search engine spider is different from that presented to user's browser
b. Content present to search engine spider and browser is same
c. Contents of user's requested website are changed
d. None of the above

isro2018 is&software-engineering

Answer key ☟

26.3.20 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 64

Regression testing is primarily related to

A. Functional testing B. Development testing
C. Data flow testing D. Maintenance testing
isro-2020 is&software-engineering normal

Answer key ☟

26.3.21 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 67

What is the availability of the software with the following reliability figures
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) is days
Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) is hours

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 is&software-engineering normal

Answer key ☟

26.3.22 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 68

What is the defect rate for Six sigma?

A. defect per million lines of code B. defects per million lines of code
C. defects per million lines of code D. defects per million lines of code
isro-2020 is&software-engineering normal
 Answer key ☟

26.3.23 Is&software Engineering: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 70

In a class definition with methods, to make the class maximally cohesive, number of direct and indirect
connections required among the methods are

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 is&software-engineering normal

Answer key ☟

26.4 Out of Gatecse Syllabus (1)

26.4.1 Out of Gatecse Syllabus: GATE CSE 2014 Set 3 | Question: 19, ISRO2017-78

In the context of modular software design, which one of the following combinations is desirable?

A. High cohesion and high coupling B. High cohesion and low coupling
C. Low cohesion and high coupling D. Low cohesion and low coupling
gatecse-2014-set3 is&software-engineering easy isro2017 out-of-gatecse-syllabus

Answer key ☟

26.5 Project Cost (1)

26.5.1 Project Cost: GATE CSE 2011 | Question: 5, ISRO2016-64

A company needs to develop a strategy for software product development for which it has a choice of two programming languages L1 and L2. The number lines of code

(LOC) developed using L2 is estimated to be twice of the LOC developed with L1. The product will have to be maintained for five years. Various parameters for the

company are given in the table below.

Language Language
Parameter
L1 L2
Man years needed for
LOC/10000 LOC/10000
development
Development Cost
र 10, 00, 000 र 7, 50, 000
per man year
Maintenance Time 5 years 5 years
Cost of maintenance
र 1,00,000 र 50, 000
per year
Total cost of the project includes cost of development and maintenance. What is the LOC for L1 for which of the cost of the project using L1 is equal to the cost of the project using L2?

A. 4000 B. 5000 C. 4333 D. 4667

gatecse-2011 is&software-engineering project-cost normal isro2016

Answer key ☟

26.6 Software Coupling (1)

26.6.1 Software Coupling: ISRO-2013-67

Which of the following types of coupling has the weakest coupling?

A. Pathological coupling B. Control coupling
C. Data coupling D. Message coupling
isro2013 is&software-engineering software-coupling non-gatecse

Answer key ☟
26.7 Software Metrics (1)

26.7.1 Software Metrics: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 58

The Functions Point (FP) metric is

A. Calculated from user requirement B. Calculated from lines of code
C. Calculated from software complexity assessment D. None of the above
isro2018 software-metrics is&software-engineering non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

26.8 Software Productivity (1)

26.8.1 Software Productivity: ISRO2015-60

If in a software project the number of user input, user output, enquiries, files and external interfaces are
(15, 50, 24, 12, 8), respectively, with complexity average weighing factor. The productivity if effort = 70
percent-month is

A. 110.54 B. 408.74 C. 304.78 D. 220.14

isro2015 is&software-engineering software-productivity non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

26.9 Software Reliability (1)

26.9.1 Software Reliability: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 79

Which of the following models used for software reliability

A. Waterfall B. Musa C. COCOMO D. Rayleigh

isro2007 is&software-engineering software-reliability

Answer key ☟

26.10 Software Testing (10)

26.10.1 Software Testing: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 67

To execute all loops at their boundaries and within their operational bounds is an example of
A. Black Box Testing B. Alpha Testing
C. Recovery Testing D. White Box Testing
isro2007 is&software-engineering software-testing

Answer key ☟

26.10.2 Software Testing: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 67

Activities which ensure that the software that has been built, is traceable to customer requirement is
covered as part of

A. Verification B. Validation C. Maintenance D. Modeling

isro2009 is&software-engineering software-testing

Answer key ☟

26.10.3 Software Testing: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 68

A testing method which is normally used as the acceptance test for a software system, is
 A. Regression Testing B. Integration Testing
C. Unit Testing D. System Testing
isro2009 is&software-engineering software-testing

Answer key ☟

26.10.4 Software Testing: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 34

Black Box Software Testing method focuses on the

A. Boundary condition of the software B. Control structure of the software
C. Functional requirement of the software D. Independent paths of the software
isro2011 non-gatecse software-testing is&software-engineering

Answer key ☟

26.10.5 Software Testing: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 23

The test suite (set of test input) used to perform unit testing on a module could cover 70% of the code.
What is the reliability of the module if the probability of success is 0.95 during testing?
A. 0.665 to 0.95 B. At the most 0.665
C. At the most 0.95 D. At least 0.665

isro2014 is&software-engineering software-testing

Answer key ☟

26.10.6 Software Testing: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 48

In unit testing of a module, it is found that for a set of test data, at the maximum % of the code alone
were tested with the probability of success . The reliability of module is
a. Greater than b. Equal to
c. At most d. At least
isro2018 is&software-engineering software-testing

Answer key ☟

26.10.7 Software Testing: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 39

The MCDC software testing technique stands for

A. Multiple Conditions Decision Coverage B. Multiple coverage Decision conditions

C. Modified Condition Decision Coverage D. None of the above
isro-cse-2023 non-gatecse software-testing

Answer key ☟

26.10.8 Software Testing: ISRO-2013-68

Which of the following testing methods uses fault simulation technique?

A. Unit testing B. Beta testing
C. Stress testing D. Mutation testing
isro2013 is&software-engineering software-testing non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

26.10.9 Software Testing: ISRO-2013-69, UGCNET-Dec2012-III: 62

If a program calls two subprograms and and can fail % of the time and can fail % of
the time, what is the failure rate of program ?
 A. % B. % C. % D. %
isro2013 is&software-engineering software-testing non-gatecse ugcnetcse-dec2012-paper3

Answer key ☟

26.10.10 Software Testing: ISRO2015-59

Alpha and Beta testing are forms of

A. Acceptance testing B. Integration testing
C. System testing D. Unit testing
isro2015 is&software-engineering software-testing

Answer key ☟

26.11 Spiral Model (1)

26.11.1 Spiral Model: GATE IT 2007 | Question: 4, ISRO2016-66

In the Spiral model of software development, the primary determinant in selecting activities in each
iteration is

A. Iteration size
B. Cost
C. Adopted process such as Rational Unified Process or Extreme Programming
D. Risk

gateit-2007 is&software-engineering spiral-model normal isro2016

Answer key ☟

26.12 Uml (3)

26.12.1 Uml: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 65

Which of the following is not a UML DIAGRAM?

A. Use Case B. Class Diagram
C. Analysis Diagram D. Swimlane Diagram
isro2007 is&software-engineering uml

Answer key ☟

26.12.2 Uml: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 78

In UML diagram of a class

A. state of object cannot be represented B. state is irrelevant
C. state is represented as an attribute D. state is represented as a result of an operation
isro2007 is&software-engineering uml

Answer key ☟

26.12.3 Uml: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 28

The above figure represents which one of the following UML diagram for a single send session of an online chat
system?
 A. Package diagram B. Activity diagram
C. Class diagram D. Sequence diagram
isro2011 is&software-engineering uml

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
26.1.1 A 26.2.1 A 26.2.2 B 26.2.3 C 26.2.4 C
26.2.5 Q-Q 26.2.6 C 26.3.1 Q-Q 26.3.2 C 26.3.3 A
26.3.4 D 26.3.5 B 26.3.6 A 26.3.7 B 26.3.8 B
26.3.9 A 26.3.10 B 26.3.11 D 26.3.12 B 26.3.13 A
26.3.14 D 26.3.15 C 26.3.16 D 26.3.17 C 26.3.18 B
26.3.19 A 26.3.20 D 26.3.21 B 26.3.22 D 26.3.23 B
26.4.1 B 26.5.1 B 26.6.1 D 26.7.1 C 26.8.1 B
26.9.1 D 26.10.1 D 26.10.2 B 26.10.3 D 26.10.4 C
26.10.5 B 26.10.6 C 26.10.7 Q-Q 26.10.8 D 26.10.9 C
26.10.10 C 26.11.1 D 26.12.1 C 26.12.2 C 26.12.3 B
27 Non GATE CSE: Java (6)

27.1 Java (6)

27.1.1 Java: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 44

In Java, after executing the following code what are the values of x, y and z?
int x,y=10; z=12;
x=y++ + z++;
A. x=22, y=10, z=12 B. x=24, y=10, z=12
C. x=24, y=11, z=13 D. x=22, y=11, z=13
isro2011 non-gatecse java

Answer key ☟

27.1.2 Java: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 72

Find the output of the following Java code line

System.out.printIn(math.floor(-7.4))

A. -7 B. -8 C. -7.4 D. -7.0
isro2011 non-gatecse java

Answer key ☟

27.1.3 Java: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 29

Consider the following Java code fragment:

public class While
{
public void loop()
{
int x = 0;
while(1)
{
System.out.println("x plus one is" +(x+1));
}
}
}

A. There is syntax error in line no. 1

B. There is syntax errors in line nos. 1 & 6
C. There is syntax error in line no. 8
D. There is syntax error in line no. 6

isro2014 java non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

27.1.4 Java: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 74

Which of these is a super class of all errors and exceptions in the Java language?
A. Runtime Exceptions B. Throwable
C. Catchable D. None of the above
isro2017 java

Answer key ☟
 27.1.5 Java: ISRO-2013-64

What is the output of the following program?

Class Test
{
public static void main (String [] args)
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0
for (int z = 0; z < 5; z++)
{
if((++x >2)||(++y > 2))
{
x++;
}
}
System.out.printIn (x+ "" + y);
}
}

A. 8 2 B. 8 5 C. 8 3 D. 5 3
isro2013 java non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

27.1.6 Java: ISRO-2013-79

The built-in base class in java, which is used to handle all exceptions is

A. Raise B. Exception C. Error D. Throwable

isro2013 java non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
27.1.1 D 27.1.2 B 27.1.3 D 27.1.4 B 27.1.5 A
27.1.6 D
28 Non GATE CSE: Multimedia (2)

28.1 Multimedia (2)

28.1.1 Multimedia: ISRO2015-66

Consider an uncompressed stereo audio signal of CD quality which is sampled at 44.1 kHz and quantized
using 16 bits. What is required storage space if a compression ratio of 0.5 is achieved for 10 seconds of
this audio?

A. 172 KB B. 430 KB C. 860 KB D. 1720 KB

isro2015 multimedia non-gatecse audio-compression

Answer key ☟

28.1.2 Multimedia: ISRO2015-67

What is compression ratio in a typical mp3 audio files?

A. 4:1 B. 6:1 C. 8:1 D. 10:1

isro2015 multimedia audio-compression

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
28.1.1 C 28.1.2 D
29 Non GATE CSE: Numerical Methods (9)

29.0.1 ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 46

The shift operator is defined as and then (forward

difference) in terms of is

A. B. C. D.
isro2009

Answer key ☟

29.1 Guass Seidal Iterative Method (1)

29.1.1 Guass Seidal Iterative Method: ISRO-2013-48

The Guass-Seidal iterative method can be used to solve which of the following sets?

A. Linear algebraic equations B. Linear and non-linear algebraic equations

C. Linear differential equations D. Linear and non-linear differential equations
isro2013 numerical-methods guass-seidal-iterative-method

Answer key ☟

29.2 Interpolation (1)

29.2.1 Interpolation: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 52

Given
X: 0 10 16
Y: 6 16 28
The interpolated value X=4 using piecewise linear interpolation is

A. 11 B. 4 C. 22 D. 10
isro2011 interpolation non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

29.3 Newton Raphson (1)

29.3.1 Newton Raphson: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 3

Using Newton-Raphson method, a root correct to 3 decimal places of

A. 2.222 B. 2.275 C. 2.279 D. None of the above

isro2017 newton-raphson non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

29.4 Numerical Methods (4)

29.4.1 Numerical Methods: GATE CSE 2006 | Question: 1, ISRO2009-57

Consider the polynomial , where , . The minimum number of

multiplications needed to evaluate on an input is:

A. 3 B. 4 C. 6 D. 9
gatecse-2006 numerical-methods normal isro2009
 Answer key ☟

29.4.2 Numerical Methods: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 44

A root of equation can be computed to any degree of accuracy if a 'good' initial approximation
is chosen for which
A. B.
C. D.
isro2009 numerical-methods

Answer key ☟

29.4.3 Numerical Methods: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 47

The formula

is called
A. Simpson rule B. Trapezoidal rule
C. Romberg's rule D. Gregory's formula
isro2009 numerical-methods non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

29.4.4 Numerical Methods: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 51

The formula is

A. Newton's backward formula B. Gauss forward formula

C. Gauss backward formula D. Stirling's formula
isro2009 numerical-methods

Answer key ☟

29.5 Polynomials (1)

29.5.1 Polynomials: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 48

The cubic polynomial which takes the following values: and is

A.
B.
C.
D.

isro2009 polynomials

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
29.0.1 A 29.1.1 A 29.2.1 D 29.3.1 C 29.4.1 A
29.4.2 Q-Q 29.4.3 B 29.4.4 A 29.5.1 D
30 Non GATE CSE: Object Oriented Programming (10)

30.1 Copy Constructor (1)

30.1.1 Copy Constructor: ISRO-2013-75

What is the right way to declare a copy constructor of a class if the name of the class is MyClass?
A. MyClass (constant MyClass * arg) B. MyClass (constant MyClass & arg)
C. MyClass (MyClass arg) D. MyClass (MyClass * arg)
isro2013 copy-constructor non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

30.2 Java (1)

30.2.1 Java: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 43

Consider the following code segment:

for (int k=0; k<20; k=k+2)
{
if (k % 3 == 1)
system.out.print(k+ " ");
}

What is printed as a result of executing the code segment?

A. 4 16 B. 4 10 16 C. 0 6 12 18 D. 1 4 7 10 13 16 19
isro2008 java

Answer key ☟

30.3 Object Oriented Programming (6)

30.3.1 Object Oriented Programming: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 33

The feature in object-oriented programming that allows the same operation to be carried out differently,
depending on the object, is
A. Inheritance B. Polymorphism
C. Overfunctioning D. Overriding
isro2009 object-oriented-programming non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

30.3.2 Object Oriented Programming: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 78

If a class is derived from class , which is derived form class , all through public inheritance, then a
class member function can access
A. only protected and public data of and B. Only protected and public data of
C. all data of and private data of and D. public and protected data of and and all data of
non-gatecse object-oriented-programming isro2016

Answer key ☟

30.3.3 Object Oriented Programming: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 41

What is the output of the C++ program?

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 void square(int *x){
*x = (*x)++ * (*x);
}

void square(int *x, int *y){

*x = (*x) * --(*y);
}

int main()
{
int number = 30;
square(&number, &number);
cout<<number;
return 0;
}

A. 910 B. 920 C. 870 D. 900

isro2017 object-oriented-programming

Answer key ☟

30.3.4 Object Oriented Programming: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 43

Which of the following UML 2.0 diagrams capture behavioral aspects of a system?

A. Use case diagram, Object diagram, Activity diagram and state machine diagram
B. Use case diagram, Activity diagram and state machine diagram
C. Object diagram, Communication Diagram, Timing diagram and Interaction diagram
D. Object diagram, Composite structure diagram, package diagram and Deployment diagram

isro2017 object-oriented-programming non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

30.3.5 Object Oriented Programming: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 44

Which of the following is associated with objects?

A. State B. Behavior C. Identity D. All of the above

isro2017 object-oriented-programming non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

30.3.6 Object Oriented Programming: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 43

Consider the following C++ program

int a (int m)
{return ++m;}
int b(int&m)
{return ++m;}
int{char &m}
{return ++m;}
void main()
{
int p = 0, q=0, r = 0;
p += a(b(p)) ;
q+= b(a(q);)
r+=a(c(r));
cout<<p<<q << r;
}

Assuming the required header first are already included, the above program
a. results in compilation error b. print
c. print d. print
 isro2018 object-oriented-programming non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

30.4 Operator Overloading (1)

30.4.1 Operator Overloading: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 42

Which of the following operator(s) cannot be overloaded?

A. .(member Access or Dot operator) B. ?: (ternary or Conditional Operator)

C. :: ( Scope Resolution Operator) D. All of the above
isro2017 operator-overloading

Answer key ☟

30.5 Virtual Function (1)

30.5.1 Virtual Function: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 73

We can make a class abstract by

A. Declaring it abstract using the virtual keyword

B. Making at least one member function as virtual function
C. Making at least one member function as pure virtual function
D. Making all member function const.

isro2008 non-gatecse virtual-function

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
30.1.1 B 30.2.1 B 30.3.1 B 30.3.2 D 30.3.3 C
30.3.4 B 30.3.5 D 30.3.6 A 30.4.1 D 30.5.1 C
31 Non GATE CSE: Others (3)

31.0.1 ISRO-DEC2017-77

Consider the following :

Black box
A. Condition Coverage p.
testing
Equivalence Class
B. q. System testing
partitioning
White box
C. Volume Testing r.
testing
Performance
D. Beta Testing s.
testing
Matching in the same order gives,

A. r,p,s,q B. p,r,q,s C. s,r,q,p D. q,r,s,p

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

31.0.2 ISRO-DEC2017-79

Which of the following related to snowflake schema is true?

A. Each dimension is represented by a single dimensional table

B. Maintenance efforts are less
C. Dimension tables are normalized
D. It is not an extension of star schema

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

31.1 Rs232 (1)

31.1.1 Rs232: ISRO-2013-37

The voltage ranges for a logic high and a logic low in RS- C standard is

A. Low is to , High is to
B. Low is to , High is to
C. Low is to , High is to
D. Low is to , High is to

isro2013 rs232

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
31.0.1 A 31.0.2 C 31.1.1 C
32 Non GATE CSE: Web Technologies (10)

32.1 Html (4)

32.1.1 Html: GATE IT 2008 | Question: 19, ISRO2016-76

Which of the following is TRUE only of XML but NOT HTML?

A. It is derived from SGML B. It describes content and layout
C. It allows user defined tags D. It is restricted only to be used with web browsers

gateit-2008 web-technologies html normal isro2016

Answer key ☟

32.1.2 Html: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 75

In HTML, which of the following can be considered a container?

A. <SELECT> B. <Value>
C. <INPUT> D. <BODY>
isro2011 non-gatecse web-technologies html

Answer key ☟

32.1.3 Html: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 75

Choose the most appropriate HTML tag in the following to create a numbered list

A. <dl> B. <list> C. <ul> D. <ol>

isro2017 web-technologies html non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

32.1.4 Html: ISRO2015-45

To add a background color for all <h1> elements, which of the following HTML syntax is used
A. h1 { background-color :#FFFFFF} B. { background-color :#FFFFFF} . h1
C. h1 { background-color :#FFFFFF} . h1(all) D. h1. all{bgcolor= #FFFFFF}
isro2015 html non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

32.2 Javascript (1)

32.2.1 Javascript: ISRO2015-46

The correct syntax to write "Hi there" in Javascript is

A. jscript.write ("Hi There") B. response.write ("Hi There")
C. print ("Hi There") D. print.jscript ("Hi There")
javascript non-gatecse isro2015

Answer key ☟

32.3 Web Technologies (3)

32.3.1 Web Technologies: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 72

An email contains a texual birthday greeting, a picture of a cake and a song. The order is not important.
What is the content-type?
 A. Multipart/mixed B. Multipart/parallel
C. Multipart/digest D. Multipart/alternative
isro2007 web-technologies

Answer key ☟

32.3.2 Web Technologies: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 76

A web client sends a request to a web server. The web server transmits a program to that client ans is
executed at client. It creates a web document. What are such web documents called?

A. Active B. Static C. Dynamic D. Passive

isro2014 web-technologies non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

32.3.3 Web Technologies: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 38

CAPTCHA is used to provide protection from

A. Zero day attack B. Buffer overflow
C. Automated scripted attack D. Man in the middle attack

isro-cse-2023 non-gatecse network-security web-technologies

Answer key ☟

32.4 Xml (2)

32.4.1 Xml: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 40

XPath is used to navigate through elements and attributes in

A. XSL document B. XML document
C. XHTML document D. XQuery document
isro2017 web-technologies xml non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

32.4.2 Xml: ISRO2015-47

To declare the version of XML, the correct syntax is

A. <?xml version='1.0'/> B. <*xml version='1.0'/>
C. <?xml version="1.0"/> D. <xml version='1.0'/>
isro2015 xml non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
32.1.1 C 32.1.2 D 32.1.3 D 32.1.4 A 32.2.1 X
32.3.1 B 32.3.2 A 32.3.3 Q-Q 32.4.1 B 32.4.2 C
33 Operating System (146)

33.0.1 ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 53

Thrashing

A. always occurs on large computers

B. is a natural consequence of virtual memory systems
C. can always be avoided by swapping
D. can be caused by poor paging algorithms

isro2008 operating-system paging

Answer key ☟

33.0.2 ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 52

Dynamic address translation

A. is part of the operating system paging algorithm

B. is useless when swapping is used
C. is the hardware necessary to implement paging
D. storage pages at a specific location on disk

isro2008 operating-system paging

Answer key ☟

33.0.3 ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 8

The primary purpose of an operating system is

A. To make most efficient use of the computer hardware

B. To allow people to use the computer
C. To keep systems programmers employed
D. To make computers easier to use

isro2009 operating-system

Answer key ☟

33.0.4 ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 25

What is the name of the technique in which the operating system of a computer executes several programs
concurrently by switching back and forth between them?

A. Partitioning B. Multi-tasking C. Windowing D. Paging

isro2007 operating-system paging

Answer key ☟

33.0.5 ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 54

What is the name of the operating system that reads and reacts in terms of operating system?

A. Batch system B. Quick response time

C. real time system D. Time sharing system
isro2008 operating-system
 Answer key ☟

33.0.6 ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 58

Checkpointing a job

A. allows it to be completed successfully B. allows it to continue executing later

C. prepares it for finishing D. occurs only when there is an error in it
isro2008 operating-system

Answer key ☟

33.0.7 ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 11

A page fault

A. Occurs when a program accesses an available page on memory

B. is an error in a specific page
C. is a reference to a page belonging to another program
D. occurs when a program accesses a page not currently in memory

isro2009 operating-system page-fault

Answer key ☟

33.0.8 ISRO-2013-52 - Need clarfication

Suppose we have variable logical records of lengths of 55 bytes, 1010 bytes and 2525 bytes while the physical
block size in disk is 1515 bytes. What is the maximum and minimum fragmentation seen in bytes?

1. 2525 and 55
2. 1515 and 55
3. 1515 and 00
4. 1010 and 5

what is the answer c or D?

i guess it should be C. Here they haven't mentioned that we have 2 blocks. All those who is supporting answer D
uses 2 blocks.
Some please give the concrete solution.

isro2013 operating-system

33.0.9 ISRO 2011- ECE Operating System

_______________ is a primitive that can execute code. It contains an instruction pointer (=program
counter) and sometimes has its own stack.

a)
b)
c)
d)
isro-ece isro2011-ece operating-system

Answer key ☟
33.0.10 ISRO 2011-ECE Operating System

A run-time stack cannot be used in a round-robin scheduling system because of the _______ nature of
scheduling.

a. LIFO (Last in First out)

b. FIFO ( First in First out)

c. FILO (First in Last out)

d. None of the above

isro-ece isro2011-ece operating-system

Answer key ☟

33.0.11 ISRO 2011-ECE Operating system

In a real time system, the simplest scheme that allows the operating system to allocate memory to two
processes simultaneously is _____

a. Over lays

b. Pipeline

c. Swapping

d. None of the above

isro-ece operating-system isro2011-ece

Answer key ☟

33.0.12 ISRO 2015- OS [EE]

OS that permits multiples programs to run simultaneously using single processor is referred as
(a) Multitasking
(b) Multi user
(c) Multithreading
(d) Multiprocessing

isro-ee operating-system

Answer key ☟

33.0.13 ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 52

Given reference to the following pages by a program

0,9,0,1,8,1,8,7,8,7,1,2,8,2,7,8,2,3,8,3
How many page faults will occur if the program has three page frames available to it and uses an optimal
replacement?

A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. None of the above

isro2017 operating-system paging

Answer key ☟
33.0.14 ISRO-DEC2017-58

A virtual memory system uses page replacement policy and allocates a fixed number of frames to
the process. Consider the following statements

Increasing the number of page frames

M: allocated to a process sometimes increases
the page fault rate.
Some programs do not exhibit locality of
N:
reference.
Which one of the following is true?
A. Both and are true and is the reason for . B. Both and are true but is not the reason for .
C. Both and are false. D. is false, but is true.
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

33.0.15 ISRO-DEC2017-63

Which of the following is false?

A. User level threads are not scheduled by the kernel.

B. Context switching between user-level threads is faster than context switching between kernel-level threads.
C. When a user thread is blocked all other threads of its processes are blocked.
D. Kernel-level threads cannot utilize multiprocessor systems by splitting threads on different processors or
cores.

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

33.0.16 ISRO-DEC2017-61

Consider the following scheduling:

Guaranteed
A. Gang scheduling s.
scheduling
Rate monotonic
B. t. Thread scheduling
scheduling
Real-
C. Fair share scheduling u.
time scheduling
Matching the table in the order gives

A. t,u,s B. s,t,u C. u,s,t D. u,t,s

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

33.0.17 ISRO-DEC2017-62

A system uses policy for page replacement.It has page frames with no pages loaded,
to begin with.The system first accesses distinct pages in some order and then accesses
the same pages in reverse order.How many page faults will occur?

A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017
 Answer key ☟

33.0.18 ISRO-DEC2017-60

A process executes the following code

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
fork();

The total number of child processes created is

A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017

33.0.19 ISRO-DEC2017-69

Consider a disk sequence with cylinders. The request to access the cylinder occur in the following
sequence :

Assuming that the head is currently at cylinder , what is the time taken to satisfy all requests if it
takes to move from one cylinder to adjacent one and shortest seek time first policy is used?

A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

33.0.20 ISRO-DEC2017-64

Which of the following is not true with respect to deadlock prevention and deadlock avoidance schemes?

A. In deadlock prevention, the request for resources is always granted if resulting state is safe.
B. In deadlock avoidance, the request for resources is always granted. if the resulting state is safe.
C. Deadlock avoidance requires knowledge of resource requirements a priori.
D. Deadlock prevention is more restrictive than deadlock avoidance.

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

33.0.21 ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 20

Determine the number of page faults when references to pages occur in the order - .
Assume that the main memory can accommodate pages and the main memory already has the pages
and , with page having brought earlier than page . (assume LRU i.e. Least-Recently-Used algorithm is applied)

a. b. c. d. None of the above

isro2018 operating-system page-fault

Answer key ☟

33.0.22 ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 57

State whether true or false:

i. Virtualization facilitates multiple OS simultaneously on the same hardware

ii. In dual boot, multiple OS can run simultaneously

A. (i) True (ii) False B. (i) False (ii) True

C. (i) True (ii) True D. (i) False (ii) False
 isro-cse-2023 operating-system

Answer key ☟

33.1 Bankers Algorithm (1)

33.1.1 Bankers Algorithm: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 48

What problem is solved by Dijikstra banker' algorithm?

A. Mutual exclusion B. Deadlock recovery

C. Deadlock avoidance D. Cache coherence
isro2017 operating-system bankers-algorithm

Answer key ☟

33.2 Concurrency (1)

33.2.1 Concurrency: ISRO-2013-62

A particular parallel program computation requires seconds when executed on a single CPU. If % of
this computation is strictly sequential, then theoretically the best possible elapsed times for this program
running on CPUs and CPUs respectively are

A. and seconds B. and seconds C. and seconds D. and seconds

isro2013 operating-system concurrency

Answer key ☟

33.3 Context Switch (1)

33.3.1 Context Switch: GATE CSE 2000 | Question: 1.20, ISRO2008-47

Which of the following need not necessarily be saved on a context switch between processes?

A. General purpose registers B. Translation look-aside buffer

C. Program counter D. All of the above
gatecse-2000 operating-system easy isro2008 context-switch

Answer key ☟

33.4 Critical Section (1)

33.4.1 Critical Section: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 68

A critical region

A. is a piece of code which only one process executes at a time

B. is a region prone to deadlock
C. is a piece of code which only a finite number of processes execute
D. is found only in windows NT operating system

isro2017 operating-system critical-section process-synchronization

Answer key ☟

33.5 Deadlock Prevention Avoidance Detection (3)

33.5.1 Deadlock Prevention Avoidance Detection: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 77

When a process is rolled back as a result of deadlock the difficulty which arises is
 A. Starvation B. System throughput
C. Low device utilization D. Cycle stealing
isro2009 deadlock-prevention-avoidance-detection

Answer key ☟

33.5.2 Deadlock Prevention Avoidance Detection: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 21

Consider a system having resources of the same type. These resources are shared by processes
which have peak time demands of respectively. The minimum value of that ensures that
deadlock will never occur is:

a. b. c. d.
isro2018 deadlock-prevention-avoidance-detection operating-system

Answer key ☟

33.5.3 Deadlock Prevention Avoidance Detection: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 29

An aid to determine the deadlock occurrence is

A. resource allocation graph B. starvation graph

C. inversion graph D. none of the above
isro-2020 operating-system deadlock-prevention-avoidance-detection easy

Answer key ☟

33.6 Disk (11)

33.6.1 Disk: GATE CSE 1999 | Question: 2-18, ISRO2008-46

Raid configurations of the disks are used to provide

A. Fault-tolerance B. High speed

C. High data density D. (A) & (B)
gate1999 operating-system disk easy isro2008

Answer key ☟

33.6.2 Disk: GATE CSE 2003 | Question: 25, ISRO2009-12

Using a larger block size in a fixed block size file system leads to

A. better disk throughput but poorer disk space utilization

B. better disk throughput and better disk space utilization
C. poorer disk throughput but better disk space utilization
D. poorer disk throughput and poorer disk space utilization

gatecse-2003 operating-system disk normal isro2009

Answer key ☟

33.6.3 Disk: GATE CSE 2007 | Question: 11, ISRO2009-36, ISRO2016-21

Consider a disk pack with surfaces, tracks per surface and sectors per track. bytes of data
are stored in a bit serial manner in a sector. The capacity of the disk pack and the number of bits required
to specify a particular sector in the disk are respectively:
A. Mbyte, bits B. Mbyte, bits
C. Mbyte, bits D. Gbyte, bits
gatecse-2007 operating-system disk normal isro2016
 Answer key ☟

33.6.4 Disk: GATE IT 2007 | Question: 44, ISRO2015-34

A hard disk system has the following parameters :

Number of tracks
Number of sectors/track
Number of bytes /sector
Time taken by the head to move from one track to adjacent track
Rotation speed .

What is the average time taken for transferring bytes from the disk ?

A. B. C. D.
gateit-2007 operating-system disk normal isro2015

Answer key ☟

33.6.5 Disk: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 39

Disk requests are received by a disk drive for cylinder 5, 25, 18, 3, 39, 8 and 35 in that order. A seek takes
5 msec per cylinder moved. How much seek time is needed to serve these requests for a Shortest Seek First
(SSF) algorithm? Assume that the arm is at cylinder 20 when the last of these requests is made with none of the
requests yet served

A. 125 msec B. 295 msec C. 575 msec D. 750 msec

isro2007 operating-system disk

Answer key ☟

33.6.6 Disk: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 56

Which of the following RAID level provides the highest Data Transfer Rate (Read/Write)

A. RAID 1 B. RAID 3 C. RAID 4 D. RAID 5

isro2007 operating-system disk

Answer key ☟

33.6.7 Disk: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 49

The total time to prepare a disk drive mechanism for a block of data to be read from it is
A. seek time B. latency
C. latency plus seek time D. transmission time
isro2008 operating-system disk

Answer key ☟

33.6.8 Disk: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 36

Consider a disk pack with 16 surfaces, 128 tracks per surface and 256 sectors per track. 512 bytes of data
are stores in a bit serial manner in a sector. The capacity of the disk pack and the number of bits required
to specify a particular sector in the disk are respectively
A. 256 Mbyte, 19 bits B. 256 Mbute, 28 bits
C. 512 Mbyte, 20 bits D. 64 Gbyte, 28 bits
isro2009 operating-system disk

Answer key ☟
 33.6.9 Disk: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 38

A fast wide SCSI-II disk drive spins at 7200 RPM, has a sector size of 512 bytes, and holds 160 sectors
per track. Estimate the sustained transfer rate of this drive

A. 576000 Kilobytes / sec B. 9600 Kilobytes / sec

C. 4800 Kilobytes / sec D. 19200 Kilobytes / sec
isro2011 operating-system disk

Answer key ☟

33.6.10 Disk: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 23

Disk requests come to a disk driver for cylinders in the order , , , , , and at a time when the
disk drive is reading from cylinder . The seek time is ms/cylinder. The total seek time, if the disk arm
scheduling algorithms is first-come-first-served is

a. b. c. d. None of the above

isro2018 disk operating-system

Answer key ☟

33.6.11 Disk: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 50

A particular disk unit uses a bit string to record the occupancy or vacancy of its tracks, with denoting
vacant and for occupied. A - segment of this string has hexadecimal value D4FE2003. The
percentage of occupied tracks for the corresponding part of the disk, to the nearest percentage is:

a. b. c. d.
isro2018 disk operating-system

Answer key ☟

33.7 Disk Scheduling (2)

33.7.1 Disk Scheduling: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 14

There are 200 tracks on a disc platter and the pending requests have come in the order - 36, 69, 167, 76,
42, 51, 126, 12 and 199. Assume the arm is located at the 100 th track and moving towards track 200. If
sequence of disc access is 126, 167, 199, 12, 36, 42, 51, 69 and 76 then which disc access scheduling policy is
used?
A. Elevator B. Shortest seek-time first
C. C-SCAN D. First Come First Served
disk-scheduling isro2014 operating-system

Answer key ☟

33.7.2 Disk Scheduling: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 66

Consider the disk system with 100 cylinders. The request to access the cylinders occur in the following
sequence.
4, 37, 10,7,19,73,2,15,6,20
Assuming the head is currently at cylinder 50 what is the time taken to satisfy all requests if it takes 1 ms to move
from one cylinder to adjacent one and shortest seek time first algorithm is used.

A. 95 ms B. 119 ms C. 233 ms D. 276 ms

isro2017 operating-system disk-scheduling

Answer key ☟
33.8 File System (1)

33.8.1 File System: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 66

Consider a system where each file is associated with a 16 bit number. For each file, each user should have
the read and write capability. How much memory is needed to store each user's access data?

A. 16 KB B. 32 KB C. 64 KB D. 128 KB
isro2014 operating-system file-system

Answer key ☟

33.9 Fork System Call (4)

33.9.1 Fork System Call: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 63

Fork is
A. the creation of a new job B. the dispatching of a task
C. increasing the priority of a task D. the creation of a new process
isro2008 operating-system fork-system-call

Answer key ☟

33.9.2 Fork System Call: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 51

Wha is the output of the following program?

main()
{
int a = 10;
if(fork()) == 0))
a++;
printf("%d\n",a);
}

A. 10 and 11 B. 10 C. 11 D. 11 and 11
isro2017 operating-system fork-system-call

Answer key ☟

33.9.3 Fork System Call: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 4

The following program:

{
fork(); fork(); printf("yes");

If we execute this core segment, how many times the string yes will be printed?

a. Only once b. 2 times c. 4 times d. 8 times

isro2018 fork-system-call operating-system

Answer key ☟

33.9.4 Fork System Call: ISRO2015-37

Consider the following program.

main()
{
fork();
fork();
 fork();
}

How many new processes will be created?

A. 8 B. 6 C. 7 D. 5
isro2015 operating-system fork-system-call

Answer key ☟

33.10 Fragmentation (1)

33.10.1 Fragmentation: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 22

A computer has of main memory. The jobs arrive and finish in the following sequence.
Job requiring arrives
Job requiring arrives
Job requiring arrives
Job finishes
Job requiring arrives
Job requiring arrives
Job requiring arrives
Among best fit and first fit, which performs better for this sequence?
a. First fit b. Best fit
c. Both perform the same d. None of the above
isro2018 memory-management fragmentation operating-system

Answer key ☟

33.11 IO Devices (1)

33.11.1 IO Devices: ISRO-2013-51

In case of a DVD, the speed of data transfer is mentioned in multiples of?

A. 150 KB/s B. 1.38 MB/s C. 300 KB/s D. 2.40 MB/s

isro2013 io-devices non-gatecse out-of-syllabus-now

Answer key ☟

33.12 IO Handling (3)

33.12.1 IO Handling: GATE CSE 1996 | Question: 1.20, ISRO2008-56

Which of the following is an example of spooled device?

A. A line printer used to print the output of a number of jobs

B. A terminal used to enter input data to a running program
C. A secondary storage device in a virtual memory system
D. A graphic display device

gate1996 operating-system io-handling normal isro2008

Answer key ☟
 33.12.2 IO Handling: GATE IT 2004 | Question: 11, ISRO2011-33

What is the bit rate of a video terminal unit with characters/line, and horizontal sweep
time of µ (including µ of retrace time)?

A. B. C. D.
gateit-2004 operating-system io-handling easy isro2011

Answer key ☟

33.12.3 IO Handling: ISRO-2013-52

Suppose we have variable logical records of lengths of bytes, bytes and bytes while the physical
block size in disk is bytes. What is the maximum and minimum fragmentation seen in bytes?

A. and B. and C. and D. and

isro2013 operating-system io-handling disk

Answer key ☟

33.13 Interrupts (1)

33.13.1 Interrupts: ISRO 2011 -ECE Operating System

Which of the following is not true regarding a preemptive kernel

a. If a high priority thread becomes ready to run, low priority thread is preempted
b. The kernel checks for the high priority ready to run threads when ever called
c. The executing thread is never interrupted
d. There are special demands on communication between threads and handling common resources

isro-ece operating-system threads interrupts

Answer key ☟

33.14 Macros (1)

33.14.1 Macros: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 67

In multi-programmed systems, it is advantageous if some programs such as editors anf compilers can be
shared by several users.
Which of the following must be true of multi-programmed systems in order that a single copy of a program can be
shared by several users?

I. The program is a macro

II. The program is recursive
III. The program is reentrant

a. I only b. II only c. III only d. I, II and III

isro2018 operating-system macros

Answer key ☟

33.15 Memory Management (6)

33.15.1 Memory Management: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 61

The Operating System of a computer may periodically collect all the free memory space to form
 contiguous block of free space. This is called:

a. Concatenation b. Garbage Collection

c. Collision d. Dynamic Memory Allocation
isro2018 memory-management operating-system

Answer key ☟

33.15.2 Memory Management: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 25

What is compaction refers to

A. a technique for overcoming internal fragmentation

B. a paging technique
C. a technique for overcoming external fragmentation
D. a technique for compressing the data

isro-2020 operating-system memory-management easy

Answer key ☟

33.15.3 Memory Management: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 2

Which of the following heap memory allocation strategies is likely to exploit spatial locality of memory
accesses in a program, the most?

A. Best Fit B. First Fit C. Next Fit D. Last Fit

isro-cse-2023 operating-system memory-management

Answer key ☟

33.15.4 Memory Management: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 76

Any attempt by a process to access memory allocated to OS or process of other user results into
A. Trap to OS B. Context Switching
C. Page fault D. Invocation to Scheduler Despatch

isro-cse-2023 operating-system memory-management

Answer key ☟

33.15.5 Memory Management: ISRO-2013-56

In a - bit machine, with GB RAM, and KB page size, how many entries will be there in the page table
if its is inverted?

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 operating-system memory-management paging

Answer key ☟

33.15.6 Memory Management: ISRO2013-55

Consider a logical address space of pages of words each, mapped onto a physical memory of
frames. How many bits are there in the physical address and logical address respectively?

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 operating-system memory-management
 Answer key ☟

33.16 Multilevel Paging (1)

33.16.1 Multilevel Paging: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 49

Consider a 32-bit machine where four-level paging scheme is used. If the hit ratio to TLB is 98%, and it
takes 20 nanosecond to search the TLB and 100 nanoseconds to access the main memory what is effective
memory access time in nanoseconds?

A. 126 B. 128 C. 122 D. 120

isro2011 operating-system multilevel-paging

Answer key ☟

33.17 Mutual Exclusion (2)

33.17.1 Mutual Exclusion: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 56

Mutual exclusion problem occurs

A. between two disjoint processes that do not interact

B. among processes that share resources
C. among processes that do not use the same resource
D. between two processes that uses different resources of different machine

isro2017 operating-system process-synchronization mutual-exclusion

Answer key ☟

33.17.2 Mutual Exclusion: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 57

The hardware implementation which provides mutual exclusion is

A. Semaphores B. Test and set instructions
C. Both options D. None of the options
isro-2020 operating-system semaphore mutual-exclusion normal

Answer key ☟

33.18 Page Replacement (12)

33.18.1 Page Replacement: GATE CSE 1997 | Question: 3.10, ISRO2008-57, ISRO2015-64

Dirty bit for a page in a page table

A. helps avoid unnecessary writes on a paging device B. helps maintain LRU information
C. allows only read on a page D. None of the above
gate1997 operating-system page-replacement easy isro2008 isro2015

Answer key ☟

33.18.2 Page Replacement: GATE CSE 2004 | Question: 21, ISRO2007-44

The minimum number of page frames that must be allocated to a running process in a virtual memory
environment is determined by
A. the instruction set architecture B. page size
C. number of processes in memory D. physical memory size
gatecse-2004 operating-system virtual-memory page-replacement normal isro2007

Answer key ☟
33.18.3 Page Replacement: GATE CSE 2005 | Question: 22, ISRO2015-36

Increasing the RAM of a computer typically improves performance because:

A. Virtual Memory increases B. Larger RAMs are faster
C. Fewer page faults occur D. Fewer segmentation faults occur
gatecse-2005 operating-system page-replacement easy isro2015

Answer key ☟

33.18.4 Page Replacement: GATE CSE 2009 | Question: 9, ISRO2016-52

In which one of the following page replacement policies, Belady's anomaly may occur?

A. FIFO B. Optimal C. LRU D. MRU

gatecse-2009 operating-system page-replacement normal isro2016

Answer key ☟

33.18.5 Page Replacement: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 10

The term ‘aging’ refers to

A. booting up the priority of the process in multi-level of queue without feedback.

B. gradually increasing the priority of jobs that wait in the system for a long time to remedy infinite blocking
C. keeping track of the following a page has been in memory for the purpose of LRU replacement
D. letting job reside in memory for a certain amount of time so that the number of pages required can be estimated
accurately.

isro2007 operating-system memory-management page-replacement

Answer key ☟

33.18.6 Page Replacement: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 67

The page replacement algorithm which gives the lowest page fault rate is
A. LRU B. FIFO
C. Optimal page replacement D. Second chance algorithm
isro2008 operating-system page-replacement

Answer key ☟

33.18.7 Page Replacement: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 73

Belady's anomaly means

A. Page fault rate is constant even on increasing the number of allocated frames
B. Page fault rate may increase on increasing the number of allocated frames
C. Page fault rate may increase on decreasing the number of allocated frames
D. Page fault rate may decrease on increasing the number of allocated frames

isro2011 operating-system page-replacement page-fault

Answer key ☟

33.18.8 Page Replacement: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 48

Determine the number of page faults when references to pages occur in the following order:
1, 2, 4, 5, 2, 1, 2, 4
Assume that the main memory can accommodate 3 pages and the main memory already has the pages 1 and 2,
 with page one having brought earlier than page 2. (LRU page replacement algorithm is used)

A. 3 B. 5 C. 4 D. None of these
page-replacement page-fault isro2016 operating-system

Answer key ☟

33.18.9 Page Replacement: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 49

Working Set at an instant of time is

A. the set of future references that the OS will make

B. the set of future references that the OS will make in next unit of time
C. the set of references with high frequency
D. the set of pages that have been referenced in the last time units

operating-system page-replacement isro2016

Answer key ☟

33.18.10 Page Replacement: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 20

Determine the number of page faults when references to pages occur in the order
Assume that the main memory can accommodate pages and the main memory already has the pages
and with page brought earlier than page (assume LRU i.e., Least-Recently-Used algorithm is applied)

A. B. C. D. None of the above

isro2018 operating-system page-replacement

Answer key ☟

33.18.11 Page Replacement: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 30

Consider the following page reference string.

What are the minimum number of frames required to get a single page fault for the above sequence assuming LRU
replacement strategy?

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 operating-system memory-management page-replacement page-fault normal

Answer key ☟

33.18.12 Page Replacement: ISRO-2013-65

Consider the list of page references in the time line as below:

9 6 2 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 2 5 8 6 8 5 5 3 2 3 3 9 6 2 7
What is the working set at the penultimate page reference if ∆ is 5?
A. {8, 5, 3, 2, 9, 6} B. {4, 3, 6, 2, 5}
C. {3, 9, 6, 2, 7} D. {3, 9, 6, 2}
isro2013 operating-system memory-management page-replacement

Answer key ☟

33.19 Pipes (1)

 33.19.1 Pipes: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 13

The difference between a named pipe and a regular file in Unix is that

a. Unlike a regular file, named pipe is a special file

b. The data in a pipe is transient, unlike the content of a regular file
c. Pipes forbid random accessing, while regular files do allow this.
d. All of the above

isro2018 operating-system pipes non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

33.20 Process (7)

33.20.1 Process: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 41

A task in a blocked state

A. is executable B. is running
C. must still be placed in the run queues D. is waiting for some temporarily unavailable resources
isro2007 operating-system process

Answer key ☟

33.20.2 Process: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 64

Which of the following need not necessarily be saved on a Context Switch between processes?
A. General purpose registers B. Translation look-aside buffer
C. Program counter D. Stack pointer
isro2008 operating-system process

Answer key ☟

33.20.3 Process: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 75

Special software to create a job queue is called a

A. Driver B. Spooler C. Interpreter D. Linkage editor

isro2009 operating-system process

Answer key ☟

33.20.4 Process: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 76

Process is
A. A program in high level language kept on disk B. Contents of main memory
C. A program in execution D. A job in secondary memory
isro2009 operating-system process

Answer key ☟

33.20.5 Process: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 9

Which is the correct definition of a valid process transition in an operating system?

A. Wake up: ready running B. Dispatch: ready running
C. Block: ready running D. Timer runout: ready running
isro2009 operating-system process

Answer key ☟
 33.20.6 Process: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 55

There are three processes in the ready queue. When the currently running process requests for I/O how
many process switches take place?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
isro2011 operating-system process

Answer key ☟

33.20.7 Process: ISRO-2013-60

The state of a process after it encounters an instruction is?

A. Ready B. Blocked C. Idle D. Running

isro2013 operating-system process

Answer key ☟

33.21 Process Scheduling (22)

33.21.1 Process Scheduling: GATE CSE 1996 | Question: 2.20, ISRO2008-15

Four jobs to be executed on a single processor system arrive at time in the order . Their burst
CPU time requirements are time units respectively. The completion time of under round robin
scheduling with time slice of one time unit is

A. B. C. D.
gate1996 operating-system process-scheduling normal isro2008

Answer key ☟

33.21.2 Process Scheduling: GATE CSE 2006 | Question: 06, ISRO2009-14

Consider three CPU-intensive processes, which require , and time units and arrive at times , and
, respectively. How many context switches are needed if the operating system implements a shortest
remaining time first scheduling algorithm? Do not count the context switches at time zero and at the end.

A. B. C. D.
gatecse-2006 operating-system process-scheduling normal isro2009

Answer key ☟

33.21.3 Process Scheduling: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 11, GATE CSE 2001 | Question: 1.19

Consider a set of n tasks with known runtimes to be run on a uniprocessor machine. Which of
the following processor scheduling algorithms will result in the maximum throughput?
A. Round Robin B. Shortest job first
C. Highest response ratio next D. first come first served
isro2007 operating-system process-scheduling gatecse-2001

Answer key ☟

33.21.4 Process Scheduling: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 12

Consider a job scheduling problem with 4 jobs and with corresponding deadlines:
. Which of the following is not a feasible schedule without violating any job
schedule?
A. B.
 C. D.
isro2007 operating-system process-scheduling

Answer key ☟

33.21.5 Process Scheduling: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 17

Round Robin schedule is essentially the pre-emptive version of

A. FIFO B. Shortest job first
C. Shortest remaining time D. Longest remaining time
isro2007 operating-system process-scheduling

Answer key ☟

33.21.6 Process Scheduling: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 43

On a system using non-preemptive scheduling, processes with expected run times of 5, 18, 9 and 12 are in
the ready queue. In what order should they be run to minimize wait time?

A. 5, 12, 9, 18 B. 5, 9, 12, 18 C. 12, 18, 9, 5 D. 9, 12, 18, 5

isro2007 operating-system process-scheduling

Answer key ☟

33.21.7 Process Scheduling: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 64, ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 50

Feedback queues

A. are very simple to implement

B. dispatch tasks according to execution characteristics
C. are used to favour real time tasks
D. require manual intervention to implement properly

isro2007 operating-system isro2008 process-scheduling

Answer key ☟

33.21.8 Process Scheduling: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 51

With Round-Robin CPU scheduling in a time shared system

A. using very large time slices (quantas) degenerates into First-Come First served (FCFS) algorithm.
B. using extremely small time slices improves performance
C. using very small time slices degenerates into Last-In First-Out (LIFO) algorithm.
D. using medium sized times slices leads to shortest Request time First (SRTF) algorithm

isro2008 operating-system process-scheduling

Answer key ☟

33.21.9 Process Scheduling: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 66, ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 15

The performance of Round Robin algorithm depends heavily on

A. size of the process B. the I/O bursts of the process
C. the CPU bursts of the process D. the size of the time quantum
isro2008 isro2009 operating-system process-scheduling

Answer key ☟
33.21.10 Process Scheduling: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 10

The correct matching of the following pairs is

1. a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i

2. a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i
3. a-iii, b-iv, c-i, d-ii
4. a-ii, b-iv, c-i, d-iii

isro2009 operating-system process-scheduling

Answer key ☟

33.21.11 Process Scheduling: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 17

Consider a set of 5 processes whose arrival time, CPU time needed and the priority are given below:
Process Arrival Time CPU Time
Priority
Priority (in ms) Needed
P1 0 10 5
P2 0 5 2
P3 2 3 1
P4 5 20 4
P5 10 2 3
(smaller the number, higher the priority)
If the CPU scheduling policy is priority scheduling without pre-emption, the average waiting time will be

A. 12.8 ms B. 11.8 ms C. 10.8 ms D. 09,8 ms

isro2009 operating-system process-scheduling

Answer key ☟

33.21.12 Process Scheduling: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 4

The following table shows the processes in the ready queue and time required for each process for
completing its job.
Process Time
10
5
20
8
15
If round-robin scheduling with 5 ms is used what is the average waiting time of the processes in the queue?

A. 27 ms B. 26.2 ms C. 27.5 ms D. 27.2 ms

isro2011 operating-system process-scheduling

Answer key ☟
33.21.13 Process Scheduling: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 78

Which of the following is not an optimization criterion in the design of a CPU scheduling algorithm?
A. Minimum CPU utilization B. Maximum throughput
C. Minimum turnaround time D. Minimum waiting time
isro2014 operating-system process-scheduling

Answer key ☟

33.21.14 Process Scheduling: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 51

For the real time operating system, which of the following is the most suitable scheduling scheme?
A. Round robin B. First come first serve
C. Pre-emptive D. Random scheduling
isro2016 operating-system process-scheduling

Answer key ☟

33.21.15 Process Scheduling: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 27

Which of the following algorithms defines time quantum?

A. shortest job scheduling algorithm B. round robin scheduling algorithm
C. priority scheduling algorithm D. multilevel queue scheduling algorithm
isro-2020 operating-system process-scheduling easy

Answer key ☟

33.21.16 Process Scheduling: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 31

Three CPU-bound tasks, with execution times of and time units respectively arrive at times and
, respectively. If the operating system implements a shortest remaining time first scheduling algorithm,
what should be the value of to have context switches? Ignore the context switches at time and at the end.

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 operating-system process-scheduling normal

Answer key ☟

33.21.17 Process Scheduling: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 54

Process Scheduler Type Activity

(i) Long Term Scheduler (P) executes much faster to reduce wastage of CPU time
(ii) Medium term scheduler (Q) controls degree of multi programming
(iii) Short Term scheduler (R) is associated with swapping
with respect to Process Schedulers of an operating system mentioned above in the table, which of the following
statements is correct?

a. (i) – (R), (ii) – (P), (iii) – (Q)

b. (i) – (Q), (ii) – (R), (iii) – (P)
c. (i) – (P), (ii) – (R), (iii) – (Q)
d. (i) – (R), (ii) – (Q), (iii) – (P)

isro-cse-2023 operating-system process-scheduling

Answer key ☟
33.21.18 Process Scheduling: ISRO-2013-50

Consider the following set of processes, with arrival times and the required CPU-burst times given in
milliseconds.

What is the sequence in which the processes are completed? Assume round robin scheduling with a time quantum
of milliseconds?

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 process-scheduling round-robin-scheduling

Answer key ☟

33.21.19 Process Scheduling: ISRO-2013-59

A starvation free job scheduling policy guarantees that no job indefinitely waits for a service. Which of the
following job scheduling policies is starvation free?
A. Priority queing B. Shortest job first
C. Youngest job first D. Round robin
isro2013 operating-system process-scheduling

Answer key ☟

33.21.20 Process Scheduling: ISRO-2013-70

Which of the following strategy is employed for overcoming the priority inversion problem?

A. Temporarily raise the priority of lower priority level process

B. Have a fixed priority level scheme.
C. Implement Kernel pre-emption scheme.
D. Allow lower priority process to complete its job.

isro2013 operating-system process-scheduling

Answer key ☟

33.21.21 Process Scheduling: ISRO2015-33

Suppose a system contains processes and system uses the round-robin algorithm for CPU scheduling
then which data structure is best suited ready queue of the process

A. stack B. queue C. circular queue D. tree

isro2015 operating-system process-scheduling

Answer key ☟

33.21.22 Process Scheduling: ISRO2015-38

Suppose two jobs, each of which needs minutes of CPU time, start simultaneously. Assume I/O
wait time. How long will it take for both to complete, if they run sequentially?

A. 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 40
process-scheduling isro2015
 Answer key ☟

33.22 Process Synchronization (7)

33.22.1 Process Synchronization: GATE CSE 1996 | Question: 1.19, ISRO2008-61

A critical section is a program segment

A. which should run in a certain amount of time

B. which avoids deadlocks
C. where shared resources are accessed
D. which must be enclosed by a pair of semaphore operations, and

gate1996 operating-system process-synchronization easy isro2008

Answer key ☟

33.22.2 Process Synchronization: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 10

Below is the precedence graph for a set of tasks to be executed on a parallel processing system .

What is the efficiency of this precedence graph on if each of the tasks takes the same time and the
system has five processors?

A. B. C. D.
isro2011 operating-system process-synchronization

Answer key ☟

33.22.3 Process Synchronization: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 77

In a system using single processor, a new process arrives at the rate of six processes per minute and each
such process requires seven seconds of service time. What is the CPU utilization?

A. 70% B. 30% C. 60% D. 64%

isro2011 operating-system process-synchronization

Answer key ☟

33.22.4 Process Synchronization: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 67

Procedures and have a producer-consumer relationship, communicating by the use of a set of

shared buffers.
: repeat
Obtain an empty buffer
Fill it
Return a full buffer
forever
: repeat
Obtain a full buffer
Empty it
 Return an empty buffer
forever
Increasing the number of buffers is likely to do which of the following?

I. Increase the rate at which requests are satisfied (throughput)

II. Decrease the likelihood of deadlock
III. Increase the ease of achieving a correct implementation

a. III only b. II only c. I only d. II and III only

isro2018 process-synchronization operating-system

Answer key ☟

33.22.5 Process Synchronization: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 26

The operating system and the other processes are protected from being modified by an already running
process because

A. they run at different time instants and not in parallel

B. they are in different logical addresses
C. they use a protection algorithm in the scheduler
D. every address generated by the CPU is being checked against the relocation and limit parameters

isro-2020 operating-system process-synchronization easy

Answer key ☟

33.22.6 Process Synchronization: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 28

Dispatch latency is defined as

A. the speed of dispatching a process from running to the ready state

B. the time of dispatching a process from running to ready state and keeping the CPU idle
C. the time to stop one process and start running another one
D. none of these

isro-2020 operating-system process-synchronization easy

Answer key ☟

33.22.7 Process Synchronization: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 75

In a producer-consumer scenario also known as Bounded-Buffer Problem, what would be the most
appropriate synchronization primitive to ensure that the consumer waits when the buffer is empty?

A. Spinlock B. Mutex lock C. Semaphore D. Monitors

isro-cse-2023 operating-system process-synchronization

Answer key ☟

33.23 Realtime Systems (1)

33.23.1 Realtime Systems: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 73

Which of the following statement is true?

A. Hard real time OS has less jitter than soft real time OS
 B. Hard real time OS has more jitter than soft real time OS
C. Hard real time OS has equal jitter as soft real time OS
D. None of the above

isro2017 operating-system realtime-systems

Answer key ☟

33.24 Resource Allocation (10)

33.24.1 Resource Allocation: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 40

Consider a system having ‘m’ resources of the same type. The resources are shared by 3 processes A, B, C,
which have peak time demands of 3, 4, 6 respectively. The minimum value of ‘m’ that ensures that
deadlock will never occur is

A. 11 B. 12 C. 13 D. 14
isro2007 operating-system resource-allocation

Answer key ☟

33.24.2 Resource Allocation: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 62

In which of the following four necessary conditions for deadlock processes claim exclusive control of the
resources they require?
A. no preemption B. mutual exclusion
C. circular wait D. hold and wait
isro2008 operating-system resource-allocation deadlock-prevention-avoidance-detection

Answer key ☟

33.24.3 Resource Allocation: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 16

Consider a system having "n" resources of same type. These resources are shared by 3 processes, A, B, C.
These have peak demands of 3, 4, and 6 respectively. For what value of "n" deadlock won't occur

A. 15 B. 9 C. 10 D. 13
isro2009 operating-system resource-allocation deadlock-prevention-avoidance-detection

Answer key ☟

33.24.4 Resource Allocation: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 60

A total of 9 units of a resource type available, and given the safe state shown below, which of the
following sequence will be a safe state?
Process Used Max
2 7
1 6
2 5
1 4

A. B.
C. D.
isro2011 operating-system resource-allocation

Answer key ☟
33.24.5 Resource Allocation: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 68

What is the minimum number of resources required to ensure that deadlock will never occur, if there are
currently three processes and running in a system whose maximum demand for the resources of
same type are 3, 4, and 5 respectively.

A. 3 B. 7 C. 9 D. 10
isro2014 operating-system resource-allocation

Answer key ☟

33.24.6 Resource Allocation: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 46

With single resource, deadlock occurs

A. if there are more than two processes competing for that resources
B. if there are only two processes competing for that resources
C. if there is a single process competing for that resources
D. none of these

operating-system resource-allocation isro2016

Answer key ☟

33.24.7 Resource Allocation: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 47

A system has 3 processes sharing 4 resources. If each process needs a maximum of 2 units, then
A. Deadlock can never occur B. Deadlock may occur
C. Deadlock has to occur D. None of these
operating-system resource-allocation isro2016

Answer key ☟

33.24.8 Resource Allocation: ISRO-2013-57

Which of the following is not a necessary condition for deadlock?

A. Mutual exclusion B. Reentrancy C. Hold and wait D. No pre-emption

isro2013 operating-system resource-allocation deadlock-prevention-avoidance-detection

Answer key ☟

33.24.9 Resource Allocation: ISRO-2013-58

Consider the following process and resource requirement of each process.

Type 1 Type 2
Process
Used Max Used Max

P1 1 2 1 3

P2 1 3 1 2

P3 2 4 1 4
Predict the state of this system, assuming that there are a total of instances of resource type and instances of
resource type .
 A. Can go to safe or unsafe state based on sequence B. Safe state
C. Unsafe state D. Deadlock state
isro2013 operating-system resource-allocation

Answer key ☟

33.24.10 Resource Allocation: ISRO2015-32

In a lottery scheduler with 40 tickets, how we will distribute the tickets among 4 processes and
such that each process gets 10%, 5%, 60% and 25% respectively?

A 12 4 70 30
B 7 5 20 10
C 4 2 24 10
D 8 5 30 40

isro2015 operating-system resource-allocation

Answer key ☟

33.25 Runtime Environment (1)

33.25.1 Runtime Environment: ISRO-DEC2017-68

Consider the following table :

A. B.
C. D.
isrodec2017 runtime-environment compiler-design

Answer key ☟

33.26 Segmentation (2)

33.26.1 Segmentation: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 18

Consider the following segment table in segmentation scheme :

What happens if the logical address requested is – Segment Id and offset ?

A. Fetches the entry at the physical address for segment Id

B. A trap is generated
C. Deadlock
D. Fetches the entry at offset in Segment Id

segmentation operating-system isro2014

Answer key ☟
 33.26.2 Segmentation: ISRO2015-31

If there are 32 segments, each size 1 k bytes, then the logical address should have

A. 13 bits B. 14 bits C. 15 bits D. 16 bits

isro2015 operating-system virtual-memory segmentation

Answer key ☟

33.27 Semaphore (6)

33.27.1 Semaphore: GATE CSE 1992 | Question: 02,x, ISRO2015-35

At a particular time of computation, the value of a counting semaphore is . Then operations and
operations were completed on this semaphore. The resulting value of the semaphore is :

A. B. C. D.
gate1992 operating-system semaphore easy isro2015 process-synchronization

Answer key ☟

33.27.2 Semaphore: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 42, UGCNET-June2010-II: 37

Semaphores

A. synchronize critical resources to prevent deadlock

B. synchronize critical resources to prevent contention
C. are used to do I/O
D. are used for memory management

isro2007 operating-system process-synchronization ugcnetcse-june2010-paper2 semaphore

Answer key ☟

33.27.3 Semaphore: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 45

At a particular time of computation the value of a counting semaphore is 7. Then 20 operations and
operations were completed on this semaphore. If the new value of semaphore is , will be

A. 18 B. 22 C. 15 D. 13
operating-system process-synchronization semaphore isro2016

Answer key ☟

33.27.4 Semaphore: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 71

At a particular time the value of counting semaphore is 10. It will become 7 after:
A. 3 V operations B. 3 P operations
C. 5 V operations and 2 P operations D. 2 V operations and 5 P operations
isro2017 operating-system semaphore

Answer key ☟

33.27.5 Semaphore: ISRO-DEC2017-70

A counting semaphore was initialized t o . Then operations and operations were

completed on this semaphore. If the final value of semaphore is , then the value will be

A. B. C. D.
 isrodec2017 semaphore

Answer key ☟

33.27.6 Semaphore: ISRO2015-30

Semaphores are used to solve the problem of

i. Race Condition
ii. Process Synchronization
iii. Mutual Exclusion
iv. None of the above

A. I and II
B. II and III
C. All of the above
D. None of the above

semaphore isro2015 process-synchronization

Answer key ☟

33.28 Thrashing (1)

33.28.1 Thrashing: ISRO-2013-54

Which of the following are the likely causes of thrashing?

A. Page size was very small.

B. There are too many users connected to the system.
C. Least recently used policy is used for page replacement.
D. First in First out policy is used for page replacement.

isro2013 operating-system memory-management thrashing

Answer key ☟

33.29 Threads (3)

33.29.1 Threads: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 60

Overlaying
A. requires use of a loader B. allows larger programs, but requires more effort
C. is most used on large computers D. is transparent to the user
isro2008 operating-system threads

Answer key ☟

33.29.2 Threads: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 11

Which of the following multithreading model is followed in Linux OS?

A. One User Thread mapping to One Kernel Thread

B. Many User Threads mapping to One Kernel Thread
C. One User Thread mapping to Many Kernel Threads
D. Many User Threads mapping to Many Kernel Threads

isro-cse-2023 operating-system threads

 Answer key ☟

33.29.3 Threads: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 12

Purpose of priority inheritance protocol in synchronization mechanisms is

A. To prevent priority inversion in systems having two or lesser priorities for a resource
B. To provide mutual exclusion between threads and prevent data corruption
C. To prevent priority inversion and ensure fairness in resource allocation
D. To allow multiple threads to access any resource simultaneously

isro-cse-2023 operating-system process-synchronization threads

33.30 Unix (1)

33.30.1 Unix: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 72

The Linux command mknod myfifo b 4 16

A. will create a character device if user is root B. will create a named pipe FIFO if user is root
C. will create a block device if user is root D. None of these
isro2017 operating-system unix non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

33.31 Virtual Memory (9)

33.31.1 Virtual Memory: GATE CSE 2006 | Question: 62, ISRO2016-50

A CPU generates -bit virtual addresses. The page size is KB. The processor has a translation look-aside
buffer (TLB) which can hold a total of page table entries and is -way set associative. The minimum
size of the TLB tag is:

A. B. C. D.
gatecse-2006 operating-system virtual-memory normal isro2016

Answer key ☟

33.31.2 Virtual Memory: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 27

Virtual memory is

A. Part of Main Memory only used for swapping

B. A technique to allow a program, of size more than the size of main memory, to run
C. Part of secondary storage used in program execution
D. None of these

isro2007 operating-system virtual-memory

Answer key ☟

33.31.3 Virtual Memory: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 65

Consider a logical address space of 8 pages of 1024 words mapped into memory of 32 frames. How many
bits are there in the logical address?

A. 13 bits B. 15 bits C. 14 bits D. 12 bits

isro2008 operating-system virtual-memory
 Answer key ☟

33.31.4 Virtual Memory: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 24

If the page size in a 32-bit machine is 4K bytes then the size of page table is

A. 1 M bytes B. 2 M bytes C. 4 M bytes D. 4 K bytes

isro2011 operating-system paging virtual-memory

Answer key ☟

33.31.5 Virtual Memory: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 35

Using the page table shown below, translate the physical address 25 to virtual address. The address length
is 16 bits and page size is 2048 words while the size of the physical memory is four frames.

Page Present (1-ln, 0-0ut) Frame

0 1 3
1 1 2
2 1 0
3 0 –

A. 25 B. 6169 C. 2073 D. 4121

operating-system virtual-memory paging isro2014

Answer key ☟

33.31.6 Virtual Memory: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 44

A computer has 16 pages of virtual address space but the size of main memory is only four frames.
Initially the memory is empty. A program references the virtual pages in the order 0, 2, 4, 5, 2, 4, 3, 11, 2,
10. How many page faults occur if LRU page replacement algorithm is used?

A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 8
isro2014 operating-system virtual-memory paging

Answer key ☟

33.31.7 Virtual Memory: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 70

Dirty bit is used to indicate which of the following?

A. A page fault has occurred B. A page has corrupted data
C. A page has been modified after being loaded into cacheD. An illegal access of page
isro2014 operating-system virtual-memory paging

Answer key ☟

33.31.8 Virtual Memory: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 77

What is the size of the physical address space in a paging system which has a page table containing 64
entries of 11 bit each (including valid and invalid bit) and a page size of 512 bytes?

A. B. C. D.
isro2014 virtual-memory paging

Answer key ☟
 33.31.9 Virtual Memory: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 22

Let the page fault service time be ms in a computer with average memory access time being ns. If
one page fault is generated for every memory accesses, what is the effective access time for the
memory?

A. 21.4 ns B. 29.9 ns C. 23.5 ns D. 35.1 ns

operating-system virtual-memory paging isro2016

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
33.0.1 D 33.0.2 C 33.0.3 D 33.0.4 B 33.0.5 C
33.0.6 B 33.0.7 D 33.0.8 Q-Q 33.0.9 Q-Q 33.0.10 Q-Q
33.0.11 Q-Q 33.0.12 Q-Q 33.0.13 A 33.0.14 B 33.0.15 D
33.0.16 A 33.0.17 A 33.0.18 D 33.0.19 B 33.0.20 A
33.0.21 B 33.0.22 Q-Q 33.1.1 C 33.2.1 D 33.3.1 B
33.4.1 A 33.5.1 A 33.5.2 A 33.5.3 A 33.6.1 D
33.6.2 A 33.6.3 A 33.6.4 D 33.6.5 B 33.6.6 A
33.6.7 C 33.6.8 A 33.6.9 B 33.6.10 D 33.6.11 D
33.7.1 C 33.7.2 B 33.8.1 A 33.9.1 D 33.9.2 A
33.9.3 C 33.9.4 C 33.10.1 A 33.11.1 B 33.12.1 A
33.12.2 B 33.12.3 D 33.13.1 Q-Q 33.14.1 C 33.15.1 B
33.15.2 C 33.15.3 Q-Q 33.15.4 Q-Q 33.15.5 A 33.15.6 C
33.16.1 B 33.17.1 B 33.17.2 B 33.18.1 A 33.18.2 A
33.18.3 C 33.18.4 A 33.18.5 B 33.18.6 C 33.18.7 B
33.18.8 C 33.18.9 D 33.18.10 B 33.18.11 C 33.18.12 D
33.19.1 D 33.20.1 D 33.20.2 B 33.20.3 B 33.20.4 C
33.20.5 B 33.20.6 B 33.20.7 B 33.21.1 D 33.21.2 B
33.21.3 B 33.21.4 B 33.21.5 A 33.21.6 B 33.21.7 B
33.21.8 A 33.21.9 D 33.21.10 D 33.21.11 C 33.21.12 B
33.21.13 A 33.21.14 C 33.21.15 B 33.21.16 A 33.21.17 Q-Q
33.21.18 B 33.21.19 D 33.21.20 A 33.21.21 C 33.21.22 D
33.22.1 C 33.22.2 B 33.22.3 A 33.22.4 C 33.22.5 D
33.22.6 C 33.22.7 Q-Q 33.23.1 A 33.24.1 A 33.24.2 B
33.24.3 D 33.24.4 D 33.24.5 D 33.24.6 D 33.24.7 A
33.24.8 B 33.24.9 C 33.24.10 C 33.25.1 C 33.26.1 B

33.26.2 C 33.27.1 B 33.27.2 B 33.27.3 A 33.27.4 B

33.27.5 C 33.27.6 B 33.28.1 A 33.29.1 D 33.29.2 Q-Q
33.29.3 Q-Q 33.30.1 C 33.31.1 C 33.31.2 B 33.31.3 A
33.31.4 C 33.31.5 D 33.31.6 C 33.31.7 C 33.31.8 C
33.31.9 B
34 Others: Others (1)

34.0.1 Need Guidance to work in ISRO

What languages,Scripts should learn to serve best at ISRO and what kind of skills and experience are
required to get ISRO/Scientist Post?
isro-preparation

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
34.0.1 Q-Q
35 Programming and DS: DS (59)

35.0.1 ISRO-DEC2017-28

The number of structurally different possible binary trees with nodes is

A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

35.0.2 ISRO-DEC2017-47

Which of the following permutation can be obtained in the same order using a stack assuming that
input is the sequence in that order?

A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

35.0.3 ISRO-DEC2017-49

A binary search tree is used to locate the number Which one of the following
probe sequence is not possible?
A. B.
C. D.
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

35.0.4 ISRO-DEC2017-54

A strictly binary tree with leaves

A. cannot have more than nodes B. has exactly nodes
C. has exactly nodes D. has exactly nodes
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

35.0.5 ISRO-DEC2017-56

Which one of the following property is correct for a red-black tree?

A. Every simple path from anode to a descendant leaf contains the same number of black nodes.
B. If a node is red, then one children is red and another is black.
C. If a node is red, then both its children are red.
D. Every leaf node (sentinel node) is red.

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

35.0.6 ISRO-DEC2017-52

A priority queue is implemented as a - Initially, it has elements. The level order traversal of the
heap is Two new elements and are inserted into the heap in that order. The level order
 traversal of the heap after the insertion of the elements is

1.
2.
3.
4.

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

35.0.7 ISRO-DEC2017-53

The minimum number of stacks needed to implement a queue is

A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

35.1 AVL Tree (3)

35.1.1 AVL Tree: GATE CSE 2009 | Question: 37,ISRO-DEC2017-55

What is the maximum height of any AVL-tree with nodes? Assume that the height of a tree with a single
node is .

A. B. C. D.
gatecse-2009 data-structures binary-search-tree normal isrodec2017 avl-tree

Answer key ☟

35.1.2 AVL Tree: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 20

The minimum height of an AVL tree with nodes is

A. B.
C. D.
isro-2020 data-structures avl-tree normal

Answer key ☟

35.1.3 AVL Tree: ISRO-2013-2

The number of rotations required to insert a sequence of elements into an empty tree
is?

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 data-structures avl-tree

Answer key ☟

35.2 Array (2)

35.2.1 Array: ISRO-2013-1

Let be a three dimensional array. How many elements are there in the array ?

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 array easy
 Answer key ☟

35.2.2 Array: ISRO-2013-9

In an array of elements that is both 2-ordered and 3-ordered, what is the maximum number of positions
that an element can be from its position if the array were 1-ordered?

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 array

Answer key ☟

35.3 Binary Heap (2)

35.3.1 Binary Heap: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 57

Given a binary-max heap. The elements are stored in an arrays as . What is the
content of the array after two delete operations?
a. b.
c. d.
isro2018 data-structures binary-heap

Answer key ☟

35.3.2 Binary Heap: ISRO-DEC2017-45

Match the following and choose the correct answer in the order

(Bounds given may or may not be asymptotically tight)

A. B.
C. D.
isrodec2017 binary-heap data-structures

Answer key ☟

35.4 Binary Search Tree (8)

35.4.1 Binary Search Tree: GATE CSE 2003 | Question: 19, ISRO2009-24

Suppose the numbers are inserted in that order into an initially empty binary search
tree. The binary search tree uses the usual ordering on natural numbers. What is the in-order traversal
sequence of the resultant tree?

A.
B.
C.
D.

gatecse-2003 binary-search-tree easy isro2009

Answer key ☟
35.4.2 Binary Search Tree: GATE CSE 2003 | Question: 63, ISRO2009-25

A data structure is required for storing a set of integers such that each of the following operations can be
done in time, where is the number of elements in the set.

I. Deletion of the smallest element

II. Insertion of an element if it is not already present in the set

Which of the following data structures can be used for this purpose?

A. A heap can be used but not a balanced binary search tree

B. A balanced binary search tree can be used but not a heap
C. Both balanced binary search tree and heap can be used
D. Neither balanced search tree nor heap can be used

gatecse-2003 data-structures easy isro2009 binary-search-tree

Answer key ☟

35.4.3 Binary Search Tree: GATE CSE 2004 | Question: 4, ISRO2009-26

The following numbers are inserted into an empty binary search tree in the given order:
. What is the height of the binary search tree (the height is the maximum distance of a
leaf node from the root)?

A. B. C. D.
gatecse-2004 data-structures binary-search-tree easy isro2009

Answer key ☟

35.4.4 Binary Search Tree: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 11

How many distinct binary search trees can be created out of distinct keys?

A. B. C. D.
isro2011 data-structures binary-search-tree combinatory

Answer key ☟

35.4.5 Binary Search Tree: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 62

The average depth of a binary search tree is

A. B. C. D.
isro2011 data-structures binary-search-tree time-complexity

Answer key ☟

35.4.6 Binary Search Tree: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 41

Consider the following binary search tree T given below: Which node contains the fourth smallest element
in T?
 A. Q B. V C. W D. X
isro2014 data-structures binary-search-tree

Answer key ☟

35.4.7 Binary Search Tree: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 19

What is the in-order successor of in the given binary search tree?

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 data-structures binary-search-tree easy

Answer key ☟

35.4.8 Binary Search Tree: ISRO-DEC2017-51

Suppose the numbers are inserted in that order into an initially empty binary search
tree.The binary search tree uses the reversal ordering on natural numbers i.e. is assumed to be smallest
and is assumed to be largest. The - traversal of the resultant binary search tree is
A. B.
C. D.
isrodec2017 binary-search-tree

Answer key ☟

35.5 Binary Tree (5)

35.5.1 Binary Tree: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 75

A complete binary tree with the property that the value at each node is at least as large as the values at its
children is known as
A. binary search tree B. AVL tree
C. completely balanced tree D. Heap
isro2008 data-structures binary-tree

Answer key ☟
 35.5.2 Binary Tree: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 31

A full binary tree with leaves contains

A. nodes B. nodes C. D. nodes

isro2009 data-structures binary-tree

Answer key ☟

35.5.3 Binary Tree: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 30

A complete binary tree with non-leaf nodes contains

A. nodes B. nodes C. nodes D. nodes

data-structures binary-tree isro2016

Answer key ☟

35.5.4 Binary Tree: ISRO-2013-32

Which of the following number of nodes can form a full binary tree?

A. 8 B. 15 C. 14 D. 13
isro2013 binary-tree easy

Answer key ☟

35.5.5 Binary Tree: ISRO-DEC2017-57

The - and - traversal of a binary tree are and respectively.The

- traversal of a binary tree is

1.
2.
3.
4.

isrodec2017 data-structures binary-tree

Answer key ☟

35.6 Data Structures (3)

35.6.1 Data Structures: ISRO 2011-ECE Stack

In what order the elements of a pushdown stack are accessed?

a. First In-First Out (FIFO)

b. Last In Last Out (LILO)
c. Last In First Out (LIFO)
d. None of the above
isro-ece isro2011-ece data-structures

Answer key ☟

35.6.2 Data Structures: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 32

is an undirected graph with vertex set and edge set

. A breadth first search of the graph is
performed with as the root node. Which of the following is a tree edge?
 A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 data-structures breadth-first-search normal

Answer key ☟

35.6.3 Data Structures: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 4

In Reverse Polish notation, expression is written as

A. B.
C. D.

isro-cse-2023 data-structures

Answer key ☟

35.7 Infix Prefix (5)

35.7.1 Infix Prefix: GATE CSE 2004 | Question: 38, ISRO2009-27

Assume that the operators are left associative and is right associative. The order of precedence
(from highest to lowest) is . The postfix expression corresponding to the infix expression
is

A.
B.
C.
D.

gatecse-2004 stack isro2009 infix-prefix

Answer key ☟

35.7.2 Infix Prefix: GATE CSE 2007 | Question: 38, ISRO2016-27

The following postfix expression with single digit operands is evaluated using a stack:

Note that is the exponentiation operator. The top two elements of the stack after the first is evaluated are

A. B. C. D.
gatecse-2007 data-structures stack normal infix-prefix isro2016

Answer key ☟

35.7.3 Infix Prefix: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 28

The infix expression is correctly represented in prefix notation as

A.
B.
C.
D.

isro2009 data-structures stack infix-prefix

Answer key ☟
 35.7.4 Infix Prefix: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 69

Choose the equivalent prefix form of the following expression

(a+(b-c))*((d-e)/(f+g-h))
A. *+a-bc/-de-+fgh
B. *+a-bc-/de-+fgh
C. *+a-bc/-ed-+fgh
D. *+ab-c/-de-+fgh

isro2017 data-structures infix-prefix stack

Answer key ☟

35.7.5 Infix Prefix: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 4

Convert the pre-fix expression to in-fix

A. B.
C. D.
isro-2020 data-structures infix-prefix normal

Answer key ☟

35.8 Linked List (9)

35.8.1 Linked List: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 71

The time required to search an element in a linked list of length n is

A. B. C. D.
isro2008 data-structures linked-list time-complexity

Answer key ☟

35.8.2 Linked List: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 72

Which of the following operations is performed more efficiently by doubly linked list than by linear linked
list?

A. Deleting a node whose location is given

B. Searching an unsorted list for a given item
C. Inserting a node after the node with a given location
D. Traversing the list to process each node

isro2008 data-structures linked-list

Answer key ☟

35.8.3 Linked List: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 76

The minimum number of fields with each node of doubly linked list is

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
isro2008 data-structures linked-list

Answer key ☟
35.8.4 Linked List: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 49

Consider a single linked list where and are pointers to the first and last elements respectively of the
linked list. The time for performing which of the given operations depends on the length of the linked list?

A. Delete the first element of the list

B. Interchange the first two elements of the list
C. Delete the last element of the list
D. Add an element at the end of the list

isro2014 data-structures linked-list

Answer key ☟

35.8.5 Linked List: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 16

Given two statements

I. Insertion of an element should be done at the last node of the circular list
II. Deletion of an element should be done at the last node of the circular list

A. Both are true B. Both are false

C. First is false and second is true D. None of the above
isro2017 data-structures linked-list bad-question

Answer key ☟

35.8.6 Linked List: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 53

In a doubly linked list the number of pointers affected for an insertion operation will be
A. 4 B. 0
C. 1 D. Depends on the nodes of doubly linked list
isro2017 data-structures linked-list bad-question

Answer key ☟

35.8.7 Linked List: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 63

Consider a singly linked list of the form where is a pointer to the first element in the linked list and is
the pointer to the last element in the list. The time of which of the following operations depends on the
length of the list?

a. Delete the last element of the list

b. Delete the first element of the list
c. Add an element after the last element of the list
d. Interchange the first two elements of the list

isro2018 linked-list data-structures

Answer key ☟
 35.8.8 Linked List: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 79

A doubly linked list is declared as:

struct Node {
int Value;
struct Node *Fwd;
struct Node *Bwd;
};

Where Fwd and Bwd represent forward and backward link to the adjacent elements of the list. Which of the
following segment of code deletes the node pointed to by from the doubly linked list, if it is assumed that
points to neither the first nor the last node of the list?

a. X Bwd Fwd = X Fwd; X Fwd Bwd = X Bwd;

b. X Bwd.Fwd = X Fwd; X.Fwd Bwd = X Bwd;
c. X.Bwd Fwd = X.Bwd; x Fwd.Bwd = X.Bwd;
d. X Bwd Fwd = X Bwd; X Fwd Bwd = X Fwd;

isro2018 linked-list data-structures

Answer key ☟

35.8.9 Linked List: ISRO-2013-4

The following steps in a linked list

p = getnode()
info(p) = 10
next (p) = list
list = p

result in which type of operation?

A. Pop operation in stack B. Removal of a node
C. Inserting a node D. Modifying an existing node
isro2013 linked-list

Answer key ☟

35.9 Priority Queue (1)

35.9.1 Priority Queue: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 69

In a priority queue, insertion and deletion can be done at

A. Front B. Back C. Middle D. Any position

isro-cse-2023 priority-queue data-structures

Answer key ☟

35.10 Queue (1)

35.10.1 Queue: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 36

Consider a standard Circular Queue implementation (which has the same condition for Queue Full and
Queue Empty) whose size is and the elements of the queue are .
The front and rear pointers are initialized to point at . In which position will the ninth element be added?

A. B. C. D.
 data-structures queue isro2014

Answer key ☟

35.11 Stack (6)

35.11.1 Stack: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 16, ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 30, ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 43

The five items: A, B, C, D, and E are pushed in a stack, one after other starting from A. The stack is
popped four items and each element is inserted in a queue. The two elements are deleted from the queue
and pushed back on the stack. Now one item is popped from the stack. The popped item is

A. A B. B C. C D. D
isro2007 stack isro2009 isro2014

Answer key ☟

35.11.2 Stack: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 70

Stack A has the entries a, b, c (with a on top). Stack B is empty. An entry popped out of stack A can be
printed immediately or pushed to stack B. An entry popped out of the stack B can be only be printed. In
this arrangement, which of the following permutations of a, b, c are not possible?

A. b a c B. b c a C. c a b D. a b c
isro2008 data-structures stack

Answer key ☟

35.11.3 Stack: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 59

The best data structure to check whether an arithmetic expression has balanced parenthesis is a:

A. Queue B. Stack C. Tree D. List

isro2017 data-structures stack easy

Answer key ☟

35.11.4 Stack: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 72

A stack is implemented with an array of and a variable ‘ ’. The push and pop operations
are defined by the following code.
push (x)
A[pos] <- x
pos <- pos -1
end push
pop()
pos <- pos+1
return A[pos]
end pop

Which of the following will initialize an empty stack with capacity for the above implementation​​

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 data-structures stack normal

Answer key ☟

35.11.5 Stack: ISRO2015-11

If the sequence of operations - push (1), push (2), pop, push (1), push (2), pop, pop, pop, push (2), pop are
performed on a stack, the sequence of popped out values
 A. 2,2,1,1,2 B. 2,2,1,2,2 C. 2,1,2,2,1 D. 2,1,2,2,2
isro2015 data-structures stack easy

Answer key ☟

35.11.6 Stack: ISRO2015-15

The queue data structure is to be realized by using stack. The number of stacks needed would be

A. It cannot be implemented B. 2 stacks

C. 4 stacks D. 1 stack
isro2015 data-structures stack

Answer key ☟

35.12 Tree (3)

35.12.1 Tree: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 19

If node A has three siblings and B is parent of A, what is the degree of A?

A. 0 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
isro2011 data-structures tree

Answer key ☟

35.12.2 Tree: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 73

How many different trees are there with four nodes and

A. B. C. D.
isro2014 data-structures tree combinatory

Answer key ☟

35.12.3 Tree: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 71

Of the following, which best approximates the ratio of the number of nonterminal nodes in the total
number of nodes in a complete -ary tree of depth ?

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 data-structures tree normal

Answer key ☟

35.13 Tree Traversal (4)

35.13.1 Tree Traversal: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 26

The in-order traversal of a tree resulted in FBGADCE. Then the pre-order traversal of that tree would
result in

A. FGBDECA B. ABFGCDE C. BFGCDEA D. AFGBDEC

isro2011 data-structures tree-traversal

Answer key ☟

35.13.2 Tree Traversal: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 50

 If the post order traversal gives ab -cd * + then the label of the nodes 1,2,3.. will be
A. + , -, *, a,b,c,d B. a, -,b,+,c,*,d
C. a,b,c,d,-,*,+ D. -,a,b,+,*,c,d
isro2017 data-structures binary-tree tree-traversal

Answer key ☟

35.13.3 Tree Traversal: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 80

If and are the trees indicated below:

Which traversals of and , respectively, will produce the same sequence?

a. Preorder, postorder b. Postorder, inorder
c. Postorder, preorder d. Inorder, preorder
isro2018 data-structures tree-traversal

Answer key ☟
 35.13.4 Tree Traversal: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 23

The post-order traversal of binary tree is . The pre-order traversal is

A. B.
C. D.
isro-2020 data-structures binary-tree tree-traversal normal

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
35.0.1 A 35.0.2 C 35.0.3 D 35.0.4 B 35.0.5 A
35.0.6 D 35.0.7 C 35.1.1 B 35.1.2 C 35.1.3 D
35.2.1 B 35.2.2 A 35.3.1 C 35.3.2 D 35.4.1 C
35.4.2 B 35.4.3 B 35.4.4 B 35.4.5 C 35.4.6 C
35.4.7 C 35.4.8 D 35.5.1 D 35.5.2 C 35.5.3 D
35.5.4 B 35.5.5 C 35.6.1 Q-Q 35.6.2 B 35.6.3 Q-Q
35.7.1 A 35.7.2 A 35.7.3 B 35.7.4 A 35.7.5 B
35.8.1 B 35.8.2 A 35.8.3 C 35.8.4 C 35.8.5 B
35.8.6 X 35.8.7 A 35.8.8 A 35.8.9 C 35.9.1 Q-Q
35.10.1 A 35.11.1 D 35.11.2 C 35.11.3 B 35.11.4 D
35.11.5 A 35.11.6 B 35.12.1 X 35.12.2 Q-Q 35.12.3 C
35.13.1 B 35.13.2 A 35.13.3 X 35.13.4 B
36 Programming: Programming in C (63)

36.0.1 ISRO 2008-ECE exit() function

The library function exit ( ) causes as exit from

(a) the loop in which it occurs

(b) the block is which it occurs

(c) the functions in which it occurs

(d) the progam in which it occurs

isro-ece programming

Answer key ☟

36.0.2 ISRO 2008- ECE GOTO statement

The "go to statement" causes control to go to

(a) An operator
(b) A label
(c) A variable
(d) A function

isro-ece

Answer key ☟

36.0.3 ISRO-DEC2017-14

driver is a driver

A. which is written in
B. which requires an intermediate layer
C. which communicates through Java sockets
D. which translates function calls into not native to

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

36.0.4 ISRO-DEC2017-19

//Consider the program

void function(int n)
{
int i,j,count=0;
for(i=n/2;i<=n;i++)
for(j=1;j<=n;j=j*2)
count++;
}

The complexity of the program is

A. B. C. D.
 isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

36.0.5 ISRO-DEC2017-46

In a compact one-dimensional array representation for lower triangular matrix (all elements
above diagonal are zero) of size non zero elements of each row are stored one
after another, starting from first row, the index of element in this niw representation is

A. B. C. D.

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

36.0.6 ISRO-DEC2017-65

Which one of the following are essential features of object-oriented language?

A. Abstraction and encapsulation

B. Strictly-typed
Type-safe property coupled with sub-type
C.
rule
D. Polymorphism in the presence of inheritance

A. and only B. and only

C. and only D. and only
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

36.0.7 ISRO-DEC2017-74

Consider the function

int func(int num)
{
int count=0;
while(num)
{
count++;
num>>=1;
}
return(count);
}

For the value returned is

A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

36.0.8 ISRO-DEC2017-73

Consider the function

int fun(x: integer)
{
If x>100 then fun=x-10;
else
fun=fun(fun(x+11));
 }

For the input , the function will return

A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017

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36.0.9 ISRO-DEC2017-80

Consider the following function

#include<stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char c[]="ICRBCSIT17"
char *p=c;
printf("%s",c+2[p]-6[p]-1);
return 0;
}

The output of the program is

A. B. C. D.
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

36.1 Activation Record (1)

36.1.1 Activation Record: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 51

Which of the following is NOT represented in a subroutine's activation record frame for a stack-based
programming language?
A. Values of local variables B. Return address
C. Heap area D. Information needed to access non local variables
isro2014 programming activation-record

Answer key ☟

36.2 Array (4)

36.2.1 Array: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 1

Which of the following is an illegal array definition?

A. Type COLONGE : (LIME, PINE, MUSK, MENTHOL); var a : array [COLONGE] of REAL;
B. var a : array [REAL] of REAL;
C. var a : array [‘A’…’Z’] of REAL;
D. var a : array [BOOLEAN] of REAL;

isro2008 array

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36.2.2 Array: ISRO CSE 2009 | Question: 29

A one dimensional array A has indices 1....75. Each element is a string and takes up three memory words.
The array is stored at location 1120 decimal. The starting address of A[49] is

A. 1267 B. 1164 C. 1264 D. 1169

 isro2009 array programming

Answer key ☟

36.2.3 Array: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 18

Consider a -dimensional array with rows and columns, with each element storing a value
equivalent to the product of row number and column number. The array is stored in row-major format. If
the first element occupies the memory location with address and each element occupies only one
memory location, which all locations (in decimal) will be holding a value of ?

a. b. c. d.
isro-2020 programming array normal

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36.2.4 Array: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 61

What is the output of the code given below?

# include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char name[]="satellites";
int len;
int size;
len= strlen(name);
size = sizeof(name);
printf("%d",len*size);
return 0;
}

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 programming array normal

Answer key ☟

36.3 Array of Pointers (1)

36.3.1 Array of Pointers: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 68

Pointer to an array of integers (of size Bytes) is initialised to . What is the value of ?

A. B. C. D.

isro-cse-2023 array-of-pointers easy

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36.4 Functions (2)

36.4.1 Functions: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 78

In the following procedure

Integer procedure P(X,Y);
Integer X,Y;
value x;
begin
K=5;
L=8;
P=x+y;
end
 is called by value and is called by name. If the procedure were invoked by the following program fragment
K=0;
L=0;
Z=P(K,L);

then the value of will be set equal to

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 programming functions normal

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36.4.2 Functions: ISRO2015-70

The following program

main()
{
inc(); inc(); inc();
}
inc()
{
static int x;
printf("%d", ++x);
}

A. prints 012
B. prints 123
C. prints 3 consecutive, but unpredictable numbers
D. prints 111

isro2015 programming-in-c functions

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36.5 Identify Function (1)

36.5.1 Identify Function: ISRO-2013-63

Consider the following code.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
void main ()
{
double pi = 3.1415926535;
int a = 1;
int i;
for (i=0; i < 3; i++)
if (a = cos(pi * i/2))
printf("% d", 1);
else printf("%d", 0);
}

What would the program print?

A. B. C. D.
isro2013 programming-in-c identify-function output

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36.6 Loop (7)

36.6.1 Loop: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 63

What is the output of the following C code?

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int index;
for(index=1; index<=5; index++)
{
printf("%d", index);
if (index==3)
continue;
}
}

A. 1245 B. 12345 C. 12245 D. 12354

isro2011 programming-in-c loop

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36.6.2 Loop: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 38

How many lines of output does the following C code produce?

#include<stdio.h>
float i=2.0;
float j=1.0;
float sum = 0.0;
main()
{
while (i/j > 0.001)
{
j+=j;
sum=sum+(i/j);
printf("%f\n", sum);
}
}

A. 8 B. 9 C. 10 D. 11
isro2014 programming-in-c loop output

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36.6.3 Loop: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 62

What will be the output of the following C code?

#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
int i=10;
printf("%d" , i);
i++;
}
return 0;
}

A. 10 11 12 13 14 B. 10 10 10 10 10
C. 0 1 2 3 4 D. Compilation error
isro2017 programming-in-c loop output

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36.6.4 Loop: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 63

What does the following program do when the input is unsigned 16 bit integer?
#include<stdio.h>
main(){
unsigned int num;
int i;
scanf("%u", &num);
for(i=0;i<16;i++){
printf("%d", (num<<i&1<<15)?1:0);
}
}

A. It prints all even bits from num B. It prints all odd bits from num
C. It prints binary equivalent of num D. None of above
isro2017 programming-in-c loop

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36.6.5 Loop: ISRO2015-71

Consider the following program fragment

i=6720; j=4;
while (i%j)==0
{
i=i/j;
j=j+1;
}

On termination j will have the value

A. 4 B. 8 C. 9 D. 6720
isro2015 programming-in-c loop

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36.6.6 Loop: ISRO2015-73

The output of the following program is

main()
{
static int x[] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
int i;
for (i=2; i<6; ++i)
x[x[i]]=x[i];
for (i=0; i<8; ++i)
printf("%d", x[i]);
}

A. 1 2 3 3 5 5 7 8 B. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
C. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 D. 1 2 3 5 4 6 7 8
isro2015 programming-in-c loop output

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36.6.7 Loop: ISRO2015-75

The for loop

for (i=0; i<10; ++i)
printf("%d", i&1);

prints

A. 0101010101 B. 0111111111 C. 0000000000 D. 1111111111

 isro2015 programming-in-c loop

Answer key ☟

36.7 Loop Invariants (1)

36.7.1 Loop Invariants: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 15

Consider the following pseudo-code

x:=1;
i:=1;
while (x <= 1000)
begin
x:=2^x;
i:=i+1;
end;

What is the value of i at the end of the pseudo-code?

A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
isro2007 loop-invariants

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36.8 Macros (2)

36.8.1 Macros: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 3

What is the output of the following C program?

#include<stdio.h>
#define SQR(x) (x*x)

int main()
{
int a;
int b=4;
a=SQR(b+2);
printf("%d\n",a);
return 0;
}

A. 14 B. 36 C. 18 D. 20
programming-in-c macros isro2014

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36.8.2 Macros: ISRO2015-76

Consider the following statements

#define hypotenuse (a, b) sqrt (a*a+b*b);

The macro call hypotenuse(a+2,b+3);

A. Finds the hypotenuse of a triangle with sides and
B. Finds the square root of and

C. Is invalid D. Find the square root of

programming-in-c macros isro2015

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36.9 Non Gatecse (3)

 36.9.1 Non Gatecse: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 80

In C, what is the effect of a negative number in a field width specifier?

A. the values are displayed right justified B. the values are displayed centered
C. the values are displayed left justified D. the values are displayed as negative numbers
isro2008 programming programming-in-c non-gatecse

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36.9.2 Non Gatecse: ISRO-2017

Q.A strictly binary tree with 10 leaves

A) cannot have more than 19 nodes
B) has exactly 19 nodes
C)has exactly 17 nodes
D) has exactly 20 nodes

isro2017 non-gatecse

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36.9.3 Non Gatecse: ISRO-2017

Consider the code segment

int i,j,x,y,m,n;
n=20;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if(i%2)
{
x+=((4*j)+5*i);
y+=(7+4*j);
}
}
}
m=x+y;

Which one of the following is false ?

A) The code contains loop invariant computation
B) There is scope of common sub-expression elimination in this code
C)There is scope of strength reduction in this code
D)There is scope of dead code elimination in this code

isro2017 non-gatecse

Answer key ☟

36.10 Object Oriented Programming (1)

36.10.1 Object Oriented Programming: ISRO 2008-ECE programming

A program having features such as data abstraction, encapsulation and data hiding, polymorphism
inheritance is called
(a) Structured program

(b) Object oriented program

(c) Open source program

 (d) Real time program
isro-ece programming object-oriented-programming

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36.11 Output (5)

36.11.1 Output: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 32

What is the output of the following C program?

#include<stdio.h>
void main(void){
int shifty;
shifty=0570;
shifty=shifty>>4;
shifty=shifty<<6;
printf("The value of shifty is %o \n",shifty);
}

A. The value of shifty is 15c0 B. The value of shifty is 4300

C. The value of shifty is 5700 D. The value of shifty is 2700
programming-in-c isro2014 output

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36.11.2 Output: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 64

What is the output of the following program?

#include<stdio.h>
int tmp=20;
main()
{
printf("%d", tmp);
func();
printf("%d", tmp);

}
func()
{
static int tmp=10;
printf("%d", tmp);
}

A. 20 10 10 B. 20 10 20 C. 20 20 20 D. 10 10 10
isro2017 programming-in-c functions output

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36.11.3 Output: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 1

Consider the following program

{
int x=1;
printf("%d",(*char(char*)&x));
}

Assuming required header files are included and if the machine in which this program is executed is little endian,
then the output will be

A. 0 B. 99999999 C. 1 D. unpredictable
isro2018 programming output
 Answer key ☟

36.11.4 Output: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 60

What is the output of tho following program?

main(){
int x=2, y=5;
if(x<y) return (x=x+y);
else printf("z1");
printf("z2");
}

A. B.
C. Compilation error D. None of these
isro2018 programming output

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36.11.5 Output: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 8

A language with string manipulation facilities uses the following operations.

head - returns the first character of the string
tails - returns all but the first character of the string
concat - concatenates string with
The output of concat(head , head(tail(tail ))), where s is is:

a. ab b. ba c. ac d. aa

isro2018 programming output

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36.12 Parameter Passing (1)

36.12.1 Parameter Passing: GATE CSE 2006 | Question: 56, ISRO2009-58

Consider the following code written in a pass-by-reference language like FORTRAN and these statements
about the code.
subroutine swap(ix,iy)
it = ix
L1 : ix = iy
L2 : iy = it
end
ia = 3
ib = 8
call swap (ia, ib+5)
print *, ia, ib
end

S1: The compiler will generate code to allocate a temporary nameless cell, initialize it to 13, and pass the address
of the cell to swap
S2: On execution the code will generate a runtime error on line L1
S3: On execution the code will generate a runtime error on line L2
S4: The program will print 13 and 8
S5: The program will print 13 and -2
Exactly the following set of statement(s) is correct:

A. S1 and S2 B. S1 and S4 C. S3 D. S1 and S5

gatecse-2006 programming parameter-passing normal out-of-syllabus-now isro2009

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36.13 Pointers (7)

36.13.1 Pointers: GATE CSE 2005 | Question: 1, ISRO2017-55

What does the following C-statement declare?

int (*f) (int * );

A. A function that takes an integer pointer as argument and returns an integer

B. A function that takes an integer as argument and returns an integer pointer
C. A pointer to a function that takes an integer pointer as argument and returns an integer
D. A function that takes an integer pointer as argument and returns a function pointer

gatecse-2005 programming programming-in-c pointers easy isro2017

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36.13.2 Pointers: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 13

Which of the following is true with respect to Reference?

A. A reference can never be NULL

B. A reference needs an explicit dereferencing mechanism
C. A reference can be reassigned after it is established
D. A reference and pointer are synonymous

programming isro2014 pointers

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36.13.3 Pointers: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 20

What is the output of this C code?

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int k=5;
int *p=&k;
int **m=&p;
printf("%d %d %d",k,*p,**m);

A. 5 5 5 B. 5 5 junk C. 5 junk junk D. compile time error

programming-in-c pointers isro2016

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36.13.4 Pointers: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 25

What will be output of the following program? Assume that you are running this program in little-endian
processor.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
short a=320;
char *ptr;
ptr=(char *)&a;
printf("%d",*ptr);
return 0;
}
 A. 1 B. 320 C. 64 D. Compilation error
programming-in-c pointers isro2016 little-endian-big-endian

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36.13.5 Pointers: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 62

What is output of the following ‘C’ code assuming it runs on a byte addressed little endian machine?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x;
char *ptr;
x=622,100,101;
printf("%d",(*(char *)&x)*(x%3));
return 0;
}

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 programming programming-in-c normal pointers

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36.13.6 Pointers: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 63

What is the output in a bit machine with bit compiler?

#include<stdio.h>
rer(int **ptr2, int **ptr1)
{
int *ii;
ii=*ptr2;
*ptr2=*ptr1;
*ptr1=ii;
**ptr1*=**ptr2;
**ptr2+=**ptr1;
}
void main(){
int var1=5, var2=10;
int *ptr1=&var1,*ptr2=&var2;
rer(&ptr1,&ptr2);
printf("%d %d",var2,var1);
}

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 programming programming-in-c normal pointers

Answer key ☟

36.13.7 Pointers: ISRO2015-72

Consider the following declaration:

int a, *b=&a, **c=&b;

The following program fragment

a=4; **c=5;

A. does not change the value of a B. assigns address of to

C. assigns the value of to D. assigns to
pointers programming-in-c isro2015

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36.14 Programming In C (7)

36.14.1 Programming In C: ISRO CS 2018

#include <stdio.h> int main() {

int i,j,x;

scanf("%d ",x);

i=1;

j=1;

while(i<10){

j=j*i;

i=i+1;

if(i==x) break;

return 0;

}
isro2018 programming-in-c

Answer key ☟

36.14.2 Programming In C: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 47

The following three 'C' language statements is equivalent to which single statement?
y=y+1;
z=x+y;
x=x+1

A. z = x + y + 2; B. z = (x++) + (++y);
C. z = (x++) + (y++); D. z = (x++) + (++y) + 1;
isro2014 programming-in-c

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36.14.3 Programming In C: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 79

Which one of the following is correct about the statements given below?

I. All function calls are resolved at compile time in C lang

II. All function calls are resolved at compile time in C++ lang

A. Only II is correct B. Both I and II are correct

C. Only I is correct D. Both I and II are incorrect
isro2016 programming-in-c

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36.14.4 Programming In C: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 18

Consider the following C code segment:

 #include <stdio.h>
main()
{
int i, j, x;
scanf("%d", &x);
i=1; j=1;
while (i<10) {
j =j*i;
i= i+1;
if(i==x) break;
}
}

For the program fragment above, which of the following statements about the variables i and j must be true after
execution of this program? [ !(exclamation) sign denotes factorial in the answer]

a.
b.
c.
d. ))

isro2018 programming-in-c programming

Answer key ☟

36.14.5 Programming In C: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 70

Consider the following C program:

main()
{
float sum= 0.0, j=1.0,i=2.0;
while(i/j>0.001){
j=j+1;
sum=sum+i/j;
printf("%f/n", sum);
}
}

A. - lines of output B. - lines out output

C. - lines of output D. More than lines of output
isro2018 programming-in-c programming

Answer key ☟

36.14.6 Programming In C: ISRO2015-68

Consider the following program fragment

if(a > b) if(b > c) s1; else s2;

s2 will be executed if
A. a <= b B. b > c
C. b >= c and a <= b D. a > b and b <= c
isro2015 programming programming-in-c

Answer key ☟

36.14.7 Programming In C: ISRO2015-74

Which of the following has the compilation error in C?

A. int n = 17; B. char c = 99;

 C. float f = (float)99.32; D. #include <stdio.h>
programming-in-c isro2015

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36.15 Recursion (3)

36.15.1 Recursion: GATE CSE 2004 | Question: 31, ISRO2008-40

Consider the following C function:

int f(int n)
{
static int i = 1;
if(n >= 5) return n;
n = n+i;
i++;
return f(n);
}

The value returned by is:

A. B. C. D.
gatecse-2004 programming programming-in-c recursion easy isro2008

Answer key ☟

36.15.2 Recursion: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 69

Let be a procedure that for some inputs calls itself (i.e. is recursive). If is guaranteed to terminate,
which of the following statement(s) must be true?

I. has a local variable

II. has an execution path where it does not call itself
III. either refers to a global variable or has at least one parameter

a. I only b. II only c. III only d. II and III only

isro2018 programming recursion

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36.15.3 Recursion: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 59

Consider the following recursive C function that takes two arguments

unsigned int rer(unsigned int n, unsigned int r){
if(n>0)return(n%r + rer(n/r,r));
else retturn 0;
}

What is the return value of the function when it is called as ?

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 programming normal recursion

Answer key ☟

36.16 Runtime Environment (3)

36.16.1 Runtime Environment: ISRO CSE 2007 | Question: 57

Which of the following programming language(s) provides garbage collection automatically

A. Lisp B. C++ C. Fortan D. C

 isro2007 programming runtime-environment

Answer key ☟

36.16.2 Runtime Environment: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 39

If only one memory location is to be reserved for a class variable, no matter how many objects are
instantiated, then the variable should be declared as

A. extern B. static C. volatile D. const

programming isro2014 runtime-environment

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36.16.3 Runtime Environment: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 70

We use malloc and calloc for:

A. Dynamic memory allocation B. Static memory allocation
C. Both dynamic memory allocation and static memory
D. None of these
allocation
isro2017 programming-in-c runtime-environment

Answer key ☟

36.17 Semantic Analysis (1)

36.17.1 Semantic Analysis: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 10

Which of the following comparisons between static and dynamic type checking incorrect?

a. Dynamic type checking slows down the execution

b. Dynamic type checking offers more flexibility to the programmers
c. In contrast to Static type checking, dynamic type checking may cause failure in runtime due to type errors
d. Unlike static type checking dynamic type checking is done during compilation

isro2018 programming semantic-analysis

Answer key ☟

36.18 Structure (2)

36.18.1 Structure: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 2

Consider the following declaration :

structaddr {
char city[10];
char street[30];
int pin;
};
struct {
char name[30];
int gender;
struct addr locate;
} person, *kd = &person;

Then * can be used instead of:

A. B.
C. D. either or , not
isro2018 programming structure

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 36.18.2 Structure: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 74

Following declaration of an array of struct, assumes size of byte, short, int and long are and
respectively. Alignment rule stipulates that – byte field must be located at an address divisible by , the
fields in the struct are not rearranged, padding is used to ensure alignment. All elements of array should be of
same size.
Struct complx
Short s
Byte b
Long l
Int i
End Complx
Complx C[10]

Assuming is located at an address divisble by , what is the total size of , in bytes?

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 programming normal structure

Answer key ☟

36.19 Undefined Behaviour (1)

36.19.1 Undefined Behaviour: ISRO2015-69

If n has 3, then the statement a[++n]=n++;

A. assigns 3 to a[5] B. assigns 4 to a[5]
C. assigns 4 to a[4] D. what is assigned is compiler dependent
isro2015 programming-in-c non-gatecse undefined-behaviour

Answer key ☟

36.20 Union (1)

36.20.1 Union: GATE CSE 2000 | Question: 1.17, ISRO2015-79

Consider the following C declaration:

struct {
short x[5];
union {
float y;
long z;
} u;
)t;

Assume that the objects of the type short, float and long occupy bytes, bytes and bytes, respectively. The
memory requirement for variable , ignoring alignment consideration, is:

A. bytes B. bytes C. bytes D. bytes

gatecse-2000 programming programming-in-c easy isro2015 union

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
36.0.1 Q-Q 36.0.2 Q-Q 36.0.3 C 36.0.4 D 36.0.5 B
36.0.6 C 36.0.7 A 36.0.8 C 36.0.9 D 36.1.1 C
36.2.1 B 36.2.2 C 36.2.3 X 36.2.4 B 36.3.1 Q-Q
36.4.1 B 36.4.2 B 36.5.1 C 36.6.1 B 36.6.2 D
36.6.3 B 36.6.4 C 36.6.5 C 36.6.6 A 36.6.7 A
36.7.1 B 36.8.1 A 36.8.2 D 36.9.1 C 36.9.2 Q-Q
36.9.3 Q-Q 36.10.1 Q-Q 36.11.1 D 36.11.2 B 36.11.3 X
36.11.4 D 36.11.5 A 36.12.1 B 36.13.1 C 36.13.2 A
36.13.3 A 36.13.4 C 36.13.5 D 36.13.6 D 36.13.7 D
36.14.1 Q-Q 36.14.2 B 36.14.3 D 36.14.4 D 36.14.5 D
36.14.6 D 36.14.7 X 36.15.1 C 36.15.2 D 36.15.3 D
36.16.1 A 36.16.2 B 36.16.3 A 36.17.1 D 36.18.1 C
36.18.2 X 36.19.1 D 36.20.1 C
37 Theory of Computation (38)

37.0.1 ISRO 2015-EC Finte State Machine

The following Finite State Machine (FSM) is used to detect a particular pattern in input data stream. Whenever the
pattern is matched at input, output is set to '1' or else output is cleared to '0'. For which of the following data
stream, output goes to '1' twice?

(a) 0010011010010101
(b) 0011011010010101

(c) 0101011000010101
(d) 1100100101001010

isro2015-ece isro-ece theory-of-computation

Answer key ☟

37.0.2 ISRO-DEC2017-24

Let be regular language, be a deterministic context free language and

a recursively enumerable language, but not recursive. Which one of the follewing statements is false ?
A. is recursive B. is recursively enumerable
C. is context free D. is context free
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

37.0.3 ISRO-DEC2017-22

Consider the grammar with productions

This grammar is
A. not context-free, not linear B. not context-free, linear
C. context-free, not linear D. context-free, linear
isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

37.0.4 ISRO-DEC2017-25

Let Then which of the following is true

A. It is not accepted by a Turing Machine

B. It is regular but not context-free
C. It is context-free but not regular
D. It is neither regular nor context-free ,but accepted by a Turing Machine
 isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

37.0.5 ISRO-DEC2017-21

For the regular expression denotes

A. Set of strings with and

B. Set of strings with followed by
C. Set of strings with followed by which is a multiple of
D. Set of strings with even number of followed by odd number of

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

37.0.6 ISRO-DEC2017-26

Which of the following are context-free?

A. A and B only B. A and C only C. B and C only D. C only

isrodec2017

Answer key ☟

37.0.7 ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 1

Consider the context-free grammar below for arithmetic expressions :

Which of the following statements is TRUE:

A. The string " has no parse tree according to

B. The string " has only one parse tree according to
C. The string " has exactly two parse trees according to
D. The string " has more than two parse trees according to

isro-cse-2023 theory-of-computation ambiguous-grammar

Answer key ☟

37.1 Closure Property (2)

37.1.1 Closure Property: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 77

If and are two recursively enumerable languages then they are not closed under
A. Kleene star of B. Intersection
C. Union D. Set difference
isro2017 set-theory theory-of-computation recursive-and-recursively-enumerable-languages closure-property

Answer key ☟
 37.1.2 Closure Property: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 25

(Context Free Grammar) is not closed under:

A. Union
B. Complementation
C. Kleene star
D. Product

isro2018 closure-property context-free-language theory-of-computation

Answer key ☟

37.2 Context Free Grammar (3)

37.2.1 Context Free Grammar: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 27

A (Context Free Grammar) is said to be in Chomsky Normal Form , if all the productions
are of the form A BC or A a. Let be a in . To derive a string of terminals of length x,
the number of products to be used is:

a. b. c. d.
isro2018 context-free-grammar theory-of-computation

Answer key ☟

37.2.2 Context Free Grammar: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 39

The language which is generated by the grammar over the alphabet of is the
set of
A. Strings that begin and end with the same symbol B. All odd and even length palindromes
C. All odd length palindromes D. All even length palindromes
isro-2020 theory-of-computation context-free-grammar normal

Answer key ☟

37.2.3 Context Free Grammar: ISRO-DEC2017-23

Identify the language generated by the following grammar

A. B.

C. D.

isrodec2017 theory-of-computation context-free-grammar

Answer key ☟

37.3 Context Free Language (3)

37.3.1 Context Free Language: GATE CSE 2009 | Question: 12, ISRO2016-37

The language generated by the above grammar over the alphabet is the set of:
 A. all palindromes B. all odd length palindromes
C. strings that begin and end with the same symbol D. all even length palindromes
gatecse-2009 theory-of-computation context-free-language easy isro2016

Answer key ☟

37.3.2 Context Free Language: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 37

Context free languages are closed under

A. union, intersection B. union, kleene closure
C. intersection, complement D. complement, kleene closure
isro-2020 theory-of-computation context-free-language easy

Answer key ☟

37.3.3 Context Free Language: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 56

Which f the following statements is FALSE?

A. The intersection of a regular language and a context-free language is context=free

B. The intersection of a regular language and context-free language is regular
C. The union of two context-free languages is context-free
D. The union of two regular languages is regular

isro-cse-2023 theory-of-computation context-free-language regular-language

Answer key ☟

37.4 Context Sensitive (1)

37.4.1 Context Sensitive: ISRO CSE 2017 | Question: 11

Given the following statements

S1 : Every context-sensitive language is recursive

S2 : There exists a recursive language that is not context-sensitive

Which statements are true?

A. Only S1 is correct B. Only S2 is correct
C. Both S1 and S2 are not correct D. Both S1 and S2 are correct
isro2017 theory-of-computation context-sensitive

Answer key ☟

37.5 Finite Automata (5)

37.5.1 Finite Automata: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 2

The number of states required by a Finite State Machine,to simulate the behavior of a computer with a
memory capable of storing 'm' words, each of length 'n' bits is?

A. B. C. D.
theory-of-computation finite-automata isro2014

Answer key ☟

37.5.2 Finite Automata: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 79

Consider the following Deterministic Finite Automaton .

 Let denote the set of eight length bit strings whose second, third, sixth and seventh b its are 1. The number of
strings in that are accepted by is

A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
isro2014 theory-of-computation finite-automata

Answer key ☟

37.5.3 Finite Automata: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 26

The (Finite State Machine) machine pictured in the figure above

A. Complements a given bit pattern B. Finds complement of a given bit pattern

C. Increments a given bit pattern by D. Changes the sign bit
isro2018 finite-automata theory-of-computation

Answer key ☟

37.5.4 Finite Automata: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 41

Minimum number of states required in DFA accepting binary strings not ending in is

A. B. C. D.
isro-2020 theory-of-computation finite-automata normal

Answer key ☟

37.5.5 Finite Automata: ISRO-2013-73

What are the final states of the DFA generated from the following NFA?
 A. B.
C. D.
isro2013 theory-of-computation finite-automata

Answer key ☟

37.6 Grammar (3)

37.6.1 Grammar: ISRO CSE 2008 | Question: 7

Consider the grammar

Which of the following sentences can be derived by this grammar?

A. abc B. aab C. abcc D. abbc

isro2008 theory-of-computation context-free-language grammar

Answer key ☟

37.6.2 Grammar: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 68

Which of the following sentences can be generated by

S -> aS bA
A -> d cA

A. bccdd B. abbcca C. abcabc D. abcd

isro2011 theory-of-computation context-free-language grammar

Answer key ☟

37.6.3 Grammar: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 77

Consider the context-free grammer below. There is the starting non terminal symbol, while and
are terminal symbols.

Which of the following statments is true about the language generated by ?

A. belongs to but does not

B. belongs to but does not
C. belongs to but does not
D. belongs to but does not

isro-cse-2023 theory-of-computation grammar

Answer key ☟

37.7 Identify Class Language (2)

37.7.1 Identify Class Language: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 38

What is the highest type number that can be assigned to the following grammar?
 A. Type 0 B. Type 1 C. Type 2 D. Type 3
theory-of-computation identify-class-language isro2016

Answer key ☟

37.7.2 Identify Class Language: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 40

Which of the following classes of languages can validate an address in dotted decimal format? It is to
be ensured that the decimal values lie between and .
A. RE and higher B. CFG and higher
C. CSG and higher D. Recursively enumerable language
isro-2020 theory-of-computation normal identify-class-language

Answer key ☟

37.8 Minimal State Automata (1)

37.8.1 Minimal State Automata: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 12

How many states are there in a minimum state deterministic finite automaton accepting the language
number of 0's is divisible by 2 and number of 1's is divisible by 5, respectively ?

A. 7 B. 9 C. 10 D. 11
theory-of-computation isro2014 minimal-state-automata

Answer key ☟

37.9 Pushdown Automata (1)

37.9.1 Pushdown Automata: GATE CSE 2009 | Question: 16, ISRO2017-12

Which one of the following is FALSE?

A. There is a unique minimal DFA for every regular language

B. Every NFA can be converted to an equivalent PDA.
C. Complement of every context-free language is recursive.
D. Every nondeterministic PDA can be converted to an equivalent deterministic PDA.

gatecse-2009 theory-of-computation easy isro2017 pushdown-automata

Answer key ☟

37.10 Recursive and Recursively Enumerable Languages (2)

37.10.1 Recursive and Recursively Enumerable Languages: GATE CSE 2008 | Question: 13, ISRO2016-36

If and are recursively enumerable then is

A. regular B. context-free
C. context-sensitive D. recursive
gatecse-2008 theory-of-computation easy isro2016 recursive-and-recursively-enumerable-languages

Answer key ☟
 37.10.2 Recursive and Recursively Enumerable Languages: ISRO CSE 2011 | Question: 79

A problem whose language is recursion is called?

A. Unified problem B. Boolean function
C. Recursive problem D. Decidable
isro2011 theory-of-computation recursive-and-recursively-enumerable-languages

Answer key ☟

37.11 Regular Expression (3)

37.11.1 Regular Expression: GATE CSE 1995 | Question: 1.9 , ISRO2017-13

In some programming language, an identifier is permitted to be a letter followed by any number of letters
or digits. If and denote the sets of letters and digits respectively, which of the following expressions
defines an identifier?

A. B. C. D.
gate1995 theory-of-computation regular-expression easy isro2017

Answer key ☟

37.11.2 Regular Expression: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 33

Let , i.e. is the set of all bit strings with even number of
1's. Which one of the regular expression below represents ?
A. B.
C. D.
theory-of-computation regular-expression isro2016

Answer key ☟

37.11.3 Regular Expression: ISRO CSE 2023 | Question: 13

Consider the deterministic finite-state automaton (DFA) below. The alphabet is . The state with a
small incoming arrow is the initial state, while the double circle state denotes a final state.

Which of the following regular expressions defines the language accepted by the DFA?

A. B. C. D.

isro-cse-2023 theory-of-computation regular-expression

Answer key ☟

37.12 Regular Language (3)

 37.12.1 Regular Language: ISRO CSE 2018 | Question: 24

Choose the correct statement -

a. is a regular language
b. The set , consisting of all strings made up of only and having equal number of and defines a
regular language
c. gives the set
d. None of the above

isro2018 theory-of-computation regular-language

Answer key ☟

37.12.2 Regular Language: ISRO CSE 2020 | Question: 38

Which of the following is true?

A. Every subset of a regular set is regular

B. Every finite subset of non-regular set is regular
C. The union of two non regular set is not regular
D. Infinite union of finite set is regular

isro-2020 theory-of-computation regular-language easy

Answer key ☟

37.12.3 Regular Language: ISRO2015-43

Let and be regular sets defined over the alphabet, then

A. is not regular B. is not regular
C. is regular D. is not regular
isro2015 theory-of-computation regular-language

Answer key ☟

37.13 Turing Machine (2)

37.13.1 Turing Machine: ISRO CSE 2014 | Question: 59

Which of the following is FALSE with respect to possible outcomes of executing a Turing Machine over a
given input?

A. it may halt and accept the input B. it may halt by changing the input
C. it may halt and reject the input D. it may never halt
isro2014 theory-of-computation turing-machine

Answer key ☟

37.13.2 Turing Machine: ISRO CSE 2016 | Question: 32

AN FSM(finite state machine) can be considered to be a turing machine of finite tape length

A. without rewinding capability and unidirectional tape movement

B. rewinding capability and unidirectional tape movement
C. without rewinding capability and bidirectional tape movement
D. rewinding capability and bidirectional tape movement

theory-of-computation isro2016 turing-machine

 Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
37.0.1 Q-Q 37.0.2 A 37.0.3 C 37.0.4 D 37.0.5 D
37.0.6 B 37.0.7 Q-Q 37.1.1 D 37.1.2 B 37.2.1 A
37.2.2 C 37.2.3 X 37.3.1 B 37.3.2 B 37.3.3 Q-Q
37.4.1 D 37.5.1 C 37.5.2 C 37.5.3 X 37.5.4 B
37.5.5 A 37.6.1 X 37.6.2 D 37.6.3 Q-Q 37.7.1 D
37.7.2 A 37.8.1 C 37.9.1 D 37.10.1 D 37.10.2 D
37.11.1 C 37.11.2 B 37.11.3 Q-Q 37.12.1 D 37.12.2 B
37.12.3 C 37.13.1 B 37.13.2 A
38 Unknown Category (1)

38.0.1 What are the wrong answers in ISRO 2016 official key?

ISRO official key is released on 06 July 2016

What are the wrong answers in ISRO 2016 official key?
Just comment here.
According to ISRO
"CANDIDATES MAY RAISE OBJECTIONS TO THE ANSWER KEYS, IF ANY, WITH VALID
JUSTIFICATIONS, WITHIN 5(FIVE) WORKING DAYS, I.E. WITHIN 14.07.2016, BY 06.00 PM. THE
OBJECTIONS MAY BE SENT TO icrb@isro.gov.in WITH THE SUBJECT *OBJECTIONS -
SCIENTIST/ENGINEER 'SC'-2016*. ANNEXURES/ENCLOSURES MAY BE IN PDF FORMAT ONLY.
CANDIDATES SHOULD MENTION THE BRANCH(ELECTRONICS/MECHANICAL/COMP.SCIENCE),
AND BOOKLET CODE FOR WHICH OBJECTIONS ARE RAISED.OBJECTIONS RECEIVED WITHOUT
VALID JUSTIFICATIONS AND OBJECTIONS RECEIVED AFTER 14.07.2016 WILL NOT BE
CONSIDERED."

isro2016

Answer key ☟

Answer Keys
38.0.1 Q-Q